CN109550923B - Semi-air chamber argon arc fusion casting copper stranded wire electrode tip forming device and method - Google Patents

Semi-air chamber argon arc fusion casting copper stranded wire electrode tip forming device and method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109550923B
CN109550923B CN201811653479.3A CN201811653479A CN109550923B CN 109550923 B CN109550923 B CN 109550923B CN 201811653479 A CN201811653479 A CN 201811653479A CN 109550923 B CN109550923 B CN 109550923B
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copper
casting
wire
electrode tip
mould
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CN109550923A (en
Inventor
张征
郑剑平
赵俊
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China Institute of Atomic of Energy
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China Institute of Atomic of Energy
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D19/00Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
    • B22D19/04Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product for joining parts
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D23/00Casting processes not provided for in groups B22D1/00 - B22D21/00
    • B22D23/06Melting-down metal, e.g. metal particles, in the mould
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D27/00Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
    • B22D27/003Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting by using inert gases

Abstract

The invention relates to a device and a method for forming a semi-air chamber argon arc casting copper stranded wire electrode tip, wherein the device comprises a casting chamber for providing an argon environment and a casting mould arranged in the casting chamber; the casting mould is used for fixing the copper stranded wires so as to cast the copper stranded wires and molten copper into the electrode head. The method is to directly fuse and cast the copper stranded wire and the molten copper liquid into the electrode head. The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the copper stranded wires and the molten copper are directly cast into the electrode tip, so that the electrode tip is integrally cast at one time. The thin copper wire can be uniformly and firmly connected with the solid copper wire while the solid copper wire is formed, the transition area between the copper wire and the copper wire is small, the copper wire oxidation is avoided, and the copper wire oxidation device is low in cost and high in efficiency.

Description

Semi-air chamber argon arc fusion casting copper stranded wire electrode tip forming device and method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the processing of elements in the field of radioactivity, in particular to a device and a method for forming a semi-air chamber argon arc fusion casting copper stranded wire electrode tip.
Background
The special reactor power supply system is a special nuclear power supply system, and when the special nuclear power supply system operates, the output of the reactor electric power is required to be completed by leading out the special reactor power supply system to an external load through tens of wires connected in series. The nuclear reactor has complex core structure, compact arrangement of internal fuel elements, small spacing, staggered positions of extraction electrodes on the elements, certain angular distribution among the elements and very limited operation space.
Because of this unique large angle, small pitch configuration between the element electrodes, it is desirable that the electrodes be connected in series with each other in a flexible manner. The flexible connection mode is beneficial to the installation operation of the elements in a narrow space of the reactor core on one hand, and compared with the rigid connection mode, the flexible connection mode is beneficial to relieving the restraint stress of the elements when the elements are impacted by external load, so that the fuel elements are protected.
The copper flexible wire electrode joint is a key component for realizing the flexible connection method, which is formed by synthesizing copper bus bars from thousands of fine copper wires with the diameter of 0.15mm, one end of each copper bus bar is connected with an element emitter electrode, and the other end of each copper bus bar is connected with a receiving electrode of an adjacent element, so that the element electrode electrodes are connected in series end to form a conductive loop. The current bus is under high vacuum (better than 10 - 5 Pa), and working for a long time (more than or equal to 1000 hours) under high temperature (more than or equal to 400 ℃). One-seat specialThe seed power system consists of nearly hundred emitting electrodes and receiving electrodes, 4 connecting wires are needed for each pair of electrodes, and nearly 400 wires are needed for one power system. Therefore, the method firmly connects thousands of copper wires like hairlines with the conductive solid bars at the two ends and can realize mass production, which is one of the problems to be solved in urgent need at present.
The current soft connection method of the metal copper wire mainly comprises a copper metal terminal clamping method, a thread fastening method, a brazing method and the like. Because the core element current bus is required to have the characteristic of conducting large current (more than 100A), and the copper metal terminal clamp method and the screw fastening method are in a point contact type at the connecting part of the lead, the metallurgical bonding is not achieved, the contact resistance is increased to cause the heating of the connecting joint, the looseness is easy to occur under the action of thermal stress circulation, and the performance of the whole reactor power supply system is reduced, so that the two mechanical connecting modes are not ideal. In the brazing connection, the brazing filler metal forms a longer hardening area on the side of the thin copper wire under the capillary action during brazing because the copper wire is very thin, which is not beneficial to the bending installation of the soft wire electrode in the narrow space of the reactor core, so that the brazing connection technology cannot be adopted. It follows that the above-described several common connection methods are not suitable for the specific requirements of a special fuel element electrode connection.
Aiming at the manufacturing requirement of the copper flexible wire electrode joint, if a conventional arc fusion welding method is adopted, the heat capacities of the thin copper wire and the thick copper column are greatly different, so that the thin copper wire and the thick copper column cannot be effectively connected due to unbalanced heat capacities, and even if the thin copper wire and the thick copper column are fused and connected, the copper wire with the diameter of 0.15mm is extremely easy to fuse and oxidize in the welding process. The oxidized fine copper wire is easily broken, thereby affecting the stability and reliability of the whole system.
In view of this, the present invention has been made.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a semi-air chamber argon arc fusion casting copper stranded wire electrode tip forming device and method, which can avoid the influence on the stability and reliability of a system caused by the fusion oxidation of a copper wire by a conventional arc fusion welding method.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the device comprises a casting chamber for providing an argon environment and a casting mould arranged in the casting chamber; the casting mould is used for fixing the copper stranded wires so as to cast the copper stranded wires and molten copper into the electrode head.
Further, the semi-air chamber argon arc casting copper stranded wire electrode tip forming device is characterized in that an opening is formed in the upper end of the casting chamber, and an argon gas charging tube connected with an argon gas source is arranged in the casting chamber.
Further, the semi-air chamber argon arc casting copper stranded wire electrode tip forming device is characterized in that the casting mould is arranged above the argon gas charging tube; the lower end of the casting chamber is sealed.
Further, in the semi-air chamber argon arc casting copper stranded wire electrode tip forming device, a shielding edge structure extending towards the center is arranged at the opening of the casting chamber.
Further, the semi-air chamber argon arc casting copper stranded wire electrode tip forming device comprises a casting mould, a casting mould and a graphite mould, wherein the casting mould comprises a copper disc, a copper tyre and a graphite mould; the copper plate is provided with a mounting hole for placing a copper tire; wire bundle holes are formed in the copper tire and the graphite mold; and the wire harness holes of the copper tire are matched with the wire harness holes of the graphite mold.
Further, in the semi-air chamber argon arc casting copper stranded wire electrode tip forming device, the limiting structure matched with the graphite die is arranged on the copper tire so that the wire harness hole of the copper tire is coaxial with the wire harness hole of the graphite die.
Further, according to the semi-air chamber argon arc casting copper stranded wire electrode tip forming device, the wire harness hole size of the copper tire is not larger than that of the copper stranded wire harness to be cast so as to clamp the copper stranded wire harness.
Further, the semi-air chamber argon arc casting copper stranded wire electrode tip forming device is of a conical or table-shaped structure with a small bottom and a large top.
Further, the semi-air chamber argon arc fusion casting copper stranded wire electrode tip forming device is characterized in that the copper tire is formed by splicing a plurality of components.
Meanwhile, the invention also provides a semi-air chamber argon arc fusion casting copper stranded wire electrode tip forming method, and the copper stranded wire and molten copper are directly fused and cast into the electrode tip.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the copper stranded wires and the molten copper are directly cast into the electrode tip, so that the electrode tip is integrally cast at one time. The thin copper wire can be uniformly and firmly connected with the solid copper wire while the solid copper wire is formed, the transition area between the copper wire and the copper wire is small, the copper wire oxidation is avoided, and the copper wire oxidation device is low in cost and high in efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a semi-air chamber argon arc casting copper stranded wire electrode tip forming device.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the casting mold of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the copper tire of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a graphite mold according to the present invention.
In the drawings, 1, a casting chamber; 2. casting mould; 3. an argon gas charging tube; 4. a copper plate; 5. a copper tyre; 6. a graphite mold; 7. a limit structure; 8. a wire bundle hole; 9. a wire bundle hole.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in FIG. 1, the invention provides a semi-air chamber argon arc casting copper stranded wire electrode tip forming method, which directly casts copper stranded wires and molten copper into an electrode tip; the device comprises a casting chamber 1 for providing an argon environment and a casting mould 2 arranged in the casting chamber 1; the casting mould 2 is used for fixing the copper stranded wires so as to cast the copper stranded wires and molten copper into electrode heads. The copper stranded wires and the molten copper are directly cast into the electrode tip, so that the electrode tip is integrally cast at one time. The thin copper wire can be uniformly and firmly connected with the solid copper wire while the solid copper wire is formed, the transition area between the copper wire and the copper wire is small, the copper wire oxidation is avoided, and the copper wire oxidation device is low in cost and high in efficiency.
In this embodiment, a specific way of realizing the argon atmosphere of the casting chamber 1 is that the upper end of the casting chamber 1 is opened, and an argon gas charging tube 3 connected with an argon gas source is arranged inside. The casting mould 2 is arranged above the argon gas charging pipe 3; the lower end of the casting chamber 1 is sealed. This structure can avoid the problem that the gas in the casting chamber 1 is heated during casting, and surrounding air caused by rising of the gas flow is sucked from the bottom to destroy the protection effect of argon. The bottom sealing structure is adopted, so that the entry of ambient air is effectively prevented, an argon inlet is designed at the bottom, argon is filled in to maintain the pressure of argon in the welding chamber to be slightly higher than that outside the welding chamber, and the purity of the argon in the casting chamber 1 is maintained; the argon flow is determined according to the actual situation, for example, when the volume of the argon arc casting chamber 1 is about 7.5L, the ventilation is required to be performed 3-4 times per minute, so that the flow of the filled argon is 30L/min. Further, the opening of the casting chamber 1 is provided with a shielding edge structure extending towards the center, so that the size of the outlet is reduced, and the air flow rising along the barrel wall is blocked, so that the air flow changes direction at the barrel opening and gathers towards the middle, and the middle opening is convenient to operate.
As shown in fig. 2, the casting mold 2 comprises a copper disc 4, a copper tire 5 and a graphite mold 6; the copper disc 4 is provided with a mounting hole for placing a copper tire 5; wire harness holes are formed in the copper tire 5 and the graphite mold 6 (see fig. 3 and 4); the harness holes 8 of the copper tyre 5 are matched with the harness holes 9 of the graphite mould 6. The graphite mold 6 has high melting point and stable performance, and can not adhere to the mold during copper casting after being processed into the mold.
As shown in fig. 3, the copper tyre 5 has a conical or table-shaped structure with a small bottom and a large top, and is formed by splicing a plurality of components, and a limiting structure 7 matched with the graphite mould is arranged on the copper tyre so that a wire harness hole of the copper tyre 5 and a wire harness hole of the graphite mould are coaxial. The conical or mesa structure can ensure that when the copper tyre 5 is arranged in the mounting hole, the edge of the mounting hole generates transverse component force (under the action of gravity of the copper tyre 5) on the copper tyre 5, and each component is transversely extruded to ensure that the components are spliced and formed. In this embodiment, the copper tyre 5 includes two semi-cylindrical structures, which can clamp and bind the fine copper wire, and the copper wire cannot slide down during the casting process. The limiting structure 7 is a structure with protruding surroundings and recessed center, and is used for ensuring that the solid copper column and the fine copper wire bundles are kept coaxial after casting, so that problems in the subsequent processing and using processes are avoided. In this embodiment, the harness hole size of the copper mold 5 is not larger than the copper stranded wire harness to be fusion cast to clamp it.
The technical scheme of the invention is further described by an example:
the thin copper wires with the diameter of 0.15mm are wound on the auxiliary template according to the designed length and turns, a copper wire bundle with the diameter of 12mm is formed by gathering copper wires, a graphite tubular mould with the length of 20mm and the inner diameter of 12mm is sleeved outside the copper wire bundle, the copper wires are slightly higher than the upper edge of the graphite mould, and mica sheets are clamped between the graphite mould and the lower casting copper mould. And (3) using the argon arc as a heat source to melt the copper wires in the graphite mold, automatically flowing molten copper metal liquid into a copper wire bundle gap at the lower part under the combined action of surface tension, gravity and capillary action, cooling and solidifying the molten copper metal liquid under the circumferential restraint of the graphite mold, and finally casting a solid metal copper column and connecting the molten copper metal liquid with the copper wire bundle at the lower part into a whole.
Meanwhile, the pollution of oxidation to the metal copper liquid is reduced in an inert gas (argon) environment, the damage caused by oxidation can be effectively avoided, and the casting quality of the electrode joint is greatly improved.
The technological process for preparing the copper flexible wire solid cylinder electrode joint by the fusion casting method comprises seven parts of wire selection, cutting, assembling a graphite mold, assembling a fusion casting copper mold, semi-air chamber argon arc fusion casting molding, joint inspection and finished product.
(1) Wire selecting
The diameter phi of the conductive copper wire is 0.15mm, so that flexible connection is realized. And adding copper material, and selecting oxygen-free copper wires with diameter of 2 mm. In order to facilitate the additional installation of the copper wires, standard soft copper stranded wires are selected, the soft copper stranded wires are twisted back by a high-speed cage twisting machine, the twisted finished products are round, straight and compact in structure, the stranding phenomenon is avoided, and various subsequent casting can be facilitated.
(2) Cutting out
Copper wire wound strandThe number should meet the requirement of bearing large current conduction. The design current is 150A, and the conductivity of the copper material is 5A/mm 2 Standard calculation, then the minimum cross-sectional area allowed for this current is 30mm 2 To leave a safety margin, i.e. a diameter of the copper strands of 10mm. Cutting the length of the copper stranded wire according to the requirement
(3) Graphite assembling die
And sleeving the graphite tube on the wound copper wire bundle to form a crucible mold with a bottom exposed. According to the application size requirement of the solid copper column transition section in the copper flexible wire electrode joint, the position of the graphite mold in the copper wire bundle is adjusted, so that the copper wire is slightly higher than the upper end of the graphite mold. The inner wall of the graphite mold is required to be tightly attached to the copper wire.
(4) Die for assembling and casting copper
And (3) placing the copper wire bundles hooped with the graphite crystallizer into a welding chamber, introducing argon for 2-3 minutes before welding, cleaning the welding chamber by using the argon, and discharging air in the welding chamber by using the argon.
(5) Semi-air chamber argon arc fusion casting forming
The casting process of the copper flexible wire electrode joint adopts a two-step method, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) casting copper wires: and (3) melting the copper wire by using an argon arc, and slowly collapsing the melted liquid metal downwards under the combined action of gravity and capillary action to form a solid copper column, so as to be used as a casting material to be filled into a graphite die later.
(2) And (3) copper material melting and injection: and (3) sending the prepared copper material to an electric arc, under the action of the electric arc, starting to melt the copper material, dripping the copper material into a graphite mold, connecting the copper material and the lower copper wire bundle into a whole, cooling and solidifying the copper material under the circumferential restraint of the graphite mold, and casting the copper material into a solid metal copper column. Forming a unique process of melting, flowing and casting simultaneously. After forming, removing the argon arc welding gun, continuously introducing argon into the welding chamber, cooling the workpiece to about 150 ℃ in the welding chamber, and stopping conveying the argon.
(6) Test results
The solid columnar end of the copper flexible wire electrode obtained by adopting the casting process has smooth appearance, uniform size and compact structure, and has no obvious defects of air holes, cracks and the like. In addition, the self-melting, filling and casting of the same material can lead the internal structure of the casting to be uniform and have no obvious component segregation phenomenon.
The invention applies the argon arc fusion casting forming technology to the processing and manufacturing of the flexible connection electrode structure for the first time, and creatively provides an argon arc semi-air chamber protection fusion casting technical scheme and technology for the copper flexible wire joint and the use of special design of a clamping fixture. The electrode joint prepared by the process technology has the advantages of uniform size, compact structure, no defects of air holes, cracks and the like, high production efficiency, convenience for batch preparation and strong operability. The solidification of the fusion casting process flow and parameters provides reliable quality assurance for the successful preparation of the electrode joint.
The argon arc casting technology has the advantages of synchronous melting and casting, simple operation and the like, successfully realizes the manufacture of solid end structures at two sides of the electrode joint of the copper wire flexible wire by adopting the technology, ensures the uniformity of the external dimension of the electrode structure and the compactness of the internal tissue of the casting end, and has no defects of air holes, slag inclusion, cracks and the like at the end. A uniform and firm connecting joint is formed between the conductive fine copper wire and the casting copper rod, the whole component has certain strength and certain flexibility, and the electrode joint is successfully applied to the electric heater test device and the current leading-out end of a special converter in a thermophysical rack at present, and safely, continuously and stably works for 3000 hours under the conditions of high temperature (more than or equal to 400 ℃) and high vacuum (better than 10 < -5 > Pa).
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention also include such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.

Claims (6)

1. The utility model provides a half air chamber argon arc founds copper stranded conductor electrode tip forming device which characterized in that: comprises a casting chamber (1) for providing an argon environment and a casting mould (2) arranged in the casting chamber (1); the casting mould (2) is used for fixing copper stranded wires so as to cast the end parts of the copper stranded wires and molten copper into electrode tips, an opening is formed in the upper end of the casting chamber (1), an argon gas charging pipe (3) connected with an argon gas source is arranged in the casting chamber, the casting mould (2) is arranged above the argon gas charging pipe (3), the lower end of the casting chamber (1) is sealed, and the casting mould (2) comprises a copper disc (4), a copper tyre (5) and a graphite mould (6); the copper disc (4) is provided with a mounting hole for placing a copper tire (5); wire bundle holes are formed in the copper tire (5) and the graphite mold (6); the wire harness hole (8) of the copper tire (5) is matched with the wire harness hole (9) of the graphite die (6);
the thin copper wires with the diameter of 0.15mm are wound on an auxiliary template according to the designed length and turns, a copper wire bundle with the diameter of 12mm is formed by gathering copper wires, a graphite tubular mould with the length of 20mm and the inner diameter of 12mm is sleeved outside the copper wire bundle, the copper wires are slightly higher than the upper edge of the graphite mould (6), and mica sheets are clamped between the graphite mould (6) and the lower casting mould (2).
2. The semi-air chamber argon arc casting copper stranded wire electrode tip forming device according to claim 1, wherein: the opening of the casting chamber (1) is provided with a shielding edge structure extending towards the center.
3. The semi-air chamber argon arc casting copper stranded wire electrode tip forming device according to claim 1, wherein: be provided with on copper child (5) with limit structure (7) of graphite mould (6) complex so that harness hole (8) of copper child (5) with pencil hole (9) of graphite mould (6) are coaxial.
4. The semi-air chamber argon arc casting copper stranded wire electrode tip forming device according to claim 1, wherein: the wire harness hole (8) of the copper tire (5) is not larger than the copper stranded wire harness to be fused and cast in size so as to clamp the copper stranded wire harness.
5. The semi-air chamber argon arc casting copper stranded wire electrode tip forming device according to claim 1, wherein: the copper tire (5) is of a conical or table-shaped structure with a small bottom and a large top.
6. The semi-air chamber argon arc casting copper stranded wire electrode tip forming device according to claim 1, wherein: the copper tyre (5) is formed by splicing a plurality of components.
CN201811653479.3A 2018-12-29 2018-12-29 Semi-air chamber argon arc fusion casting copper stranded wire electrode tip forming device and method Active CN109550923B (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113948932A (en) * 2021-10-20 2022-01-18 中国原子能科学研究院 Device and method for fusion casting and welding of flexible lead

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB903043A (en) * 1959-10-16 1962-08-09 E M B Co Ltd A method of forming terminals on an electric cable
DE102012214242A1 (en) * 2012-08-10 2014-02-13 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method for compacting, busbar and device
WO2014023719A2 (en) * 2012-08-10 2014-02-13 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method for compacting, bus bar, and device
CN106410429A (en) * 2015-06-23 2017-02-15 尼克桑斯公司 Method for producing an electrically active contact point at the end of an electrical conductor
DE102016103039B3 (en) * 2016-02-22 2017-08-03 Lisa Dräxlmaier GmbH Apparatus for forming an end of a conduit and method
CN107104292A (en) * 2017-06-05 2017-08-29 吉林省中赢高科技有限公司 A kind of joint and its method for resistance welding of copper tip and aluminum conductor
CN209598176U (en) * 2018-12-29 2019-11-08 中国原子能科学研究院 A kind of half gas chamber argon arc founding copper stranded conductor electrode tip molding machine

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB903043A (en) * 1959-10-16 1962-08-09 E M B Co Ltd A method of forming terminals on an electric cable
DE102012214242A1 (en) * 2012-08-10 2014-02-13 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method for compacting, busbar and device
WO2014023719A2 (en) * 2012-08-10 2014-02-13 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method for compacting, bus bar, and device
CN106410429A (en) * 2015-06-23 2017-02-15 尼克桑斯公司 Method for producing an electrically active contact point at the end of an electrical conductor
DE102016103039B3 (en) * 2016-02-22 2017-08-03 Lisa Dräxlmaier GmbH Apparatus for forming an end of a conduit and method
CN107104292A (en) * 2017-06-05 2017-08-29 吉林省中赢高科技有限公司 A kind of joint and its method for resistance welding of copper tip and aluminum conductor
CN209598176U (en) * 2018-12-29 2019-11-08 中国原子能科学研究院 A kind of half gas chamber argon arc founding copper stranded conductor electrode tip molding machine

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