CN109549633B - Monitoring system for continuously monitoring tissue condition of subject - Google Patents

Monitoring system for continuously monitoring tissue condition of subject Download PDF

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CN109549633B
CN109549633B CN201811613624.5A CN201811613624A CN109549633B CN 109549633 B CN109549633 B CN 109549633B CN 201811613624 A CN201811613624 A CN 201811613624A CN 109549633 B CN109549633 B CN 109549633B
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tissue
blood oxygen
elasticity
module
oxygen saturation
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CN109549633A (en
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邓琳
朱紫梦
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Affiliated Nanhua Hospital University Of South China
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/0048—Detecting, measuring or recording by applying mechanical forces or stimuli
    • A61B5/0053—Detecting, measuring or recording by applying mechanical forces or stimuli by applying pressure, e.g. compression, indentation, palpation, grasping, gauging
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
    • A61B5/1455—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters
    • A61B5/14551—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters for measuring blood gases
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/44—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the integumentary system, e.g. skin, hair or nails
    • A61B5/441—Skin evaluation, e.g. for skin disorder diagnosis
    • A61B5/445—Evaluating skin irritation or skin trauma, e.g. rash, eczema, wound, bed sore
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
    • A61B5/6801—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be attached to or worn on the body surface
    • A61B5/6802—Sensor mounted on worn items
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/72—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/74—Details of notification to user or communication with user or patient ; user input means
    • A61B5/746—Alarms related to a physiological condition, e.g. details of setting alarm thresholds or avoiding false alarms

Abstract

The present invention relates to a monitoring system for continuously monitoring the condition of a tissue of a subject, comprising: a blood oxygen measurement module that measures a blood oxygen signal of a subject; an elasticity measurement module that measures tissue elasticity signals of a subject; the processing module is used for processing the blood oxygen signal and the tissue elasticity signal of the testee so as to estimate the tissue condition of the testee and output the estimated tissue condition; the tissue condition includes at least one of an ulcer and a decubitus ulcer. The monitoring system of the invention can provide early warning in the early stage of disease incidence so as to remind patients and caregivers to take measures in time.

Description

Monitoring system for continuously monitoring tissue condition of subject
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tissue health monitoring, in particular to a system for monitoring ulcer.
Background
Skin refers to the tissue of the body surface that lies outside the muscles, and is the largest organ of the body. Mainly takes on the functions of protecting the body, discharging sweat, feeling cold and heat, pressure and the like. The skin covers the whole body and protects various tissues and organs in the body from physical, mechanical, chemical and pathogenic microbial attacks. The skin of human and higher animals is composed of three layers, epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue. In medical care, the integrity of the skin of a patient has long been a concern for nurses and nursing homes. Also, ulcers, especially venous ulcers and bed sores, are the most prominent, especially for skin problems, especially for hospitalized elderly people. Detecting early wound formation is a very challenging and expensive problem.
The incidence of ulcers increases significantly when age and other factors are considered. The overall incidence of decubitus ulcers in hospitalized patients ranges from 2.7% to 29.5%, the rate of patients in intensive care units is greater than 50%, and elderly persons in care hospitals are likely to progress from the first stage of ulceration to other higher stages.
Bedsores, ulcers are also associated with an increased risk of death within a year after discharge. Also, venous ulcers can cause serious health problems for hospitalized patients, especially for the elderly. Up to 3% of the population suffers from leg ulcers, and this figure is even 20% or more in people over 80 years of age. Once the patient is afflicted with a venous ulcer, the likelihood of the wound reoccurring is also very high.
The high cost and morbidity of venous and skin ulcers, particularly pressure venous ulcers, plus the difficulty of treatment, increase the risk of other diseases or death of the patient, and therefore, there is a great need for a device that can continuously monitor and prevent ulcers, and provide early warning at the early stage of the onset of the disease to remind the patient and the caregiver to take measures in time.
Disclosure of Invention
A monitoring system of the present invention for continuously monitoring a condition of a tissue of a subject, comprising: a blood oxygen measurement module that measures a blood oxygen signal of a subject; an elasticity measurement module that measures tissue elasticity signals of a subject; the processing module is used for processing the blood oxygen signal and the tissue elasticity signal of the testee so as to estimate the tissue condition of the testee and output the estimated tissue condition; the tissue condition includes at least one of an ulcer and a decubitus ulcer.
Further, the oximetry module of the present invention includes a light source that emits excitation light to illuminate the tissue of the subject and a detector that detects light passing through the tissue.
Further, the elasticity measuring module comprises a pressure sensor and a displacement sensor; the pressure sensor detects a force applied to the tissue and the displacement sensor detects displacement of the tissue due to the application of the force.
Further, the processing module comprises a blood oxygen saturation value calculating module, a blood oxygen abnormity judging module, a tissue elasticity calculating module, an elasticity change calculating module, an ulcer monitoring module and an output module; the blood oxygen saturation value calculating module calculates the blood oxygen saturation value of the tissue to be measured according to the blood oxygen signal measured by the blood oxygen measuring module; the blood oxygen abnormality judgment module calculates a blood oxygen saturation change index according to the blood oxygen saturation value and the reference blood oxygen saturation value; the tissue elasticity calculating module calculates the elasticity coefficient of the tissue, the elasticity change calculating module calculates the elasticity change rate of the tissue, the ulcer monitoring module judges the condition of the tissue according to the blood oxygen saturation change index and the elasticity change rate, and the output module outputs the condition of the tissue and gives an alarm if necessary.
Further, the process of calculating the saturation value of blood oxygen by the blood oxygen saturation value calculating module includes:
the absorbance a of the tissue was calculated using formula (1):
Figure 106131DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
formula (1);
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 685493DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
r is the absolute reflection coefficient of the tissue,
Figure 79565DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
which is indicative of the intensity of the reflected light from the tissue,
Figure 772715DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
expressing the intensity of incident light irradiated to the tissue, the relationship between the concentration and reflectivity of the component to be measured can be further expressed as:
Figure 303053DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
formula (2);
where C represents the tissue luminophore concentration and a is the tissue proportionality constant, which depends on the tissue.
Let the wavelength of incident light emitted by the light source be
Figure 56245DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
And
Figure 468772DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
then the absorbance at two wavelengths can be expressed as:
Figure 700033DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
formula (3);
Figure 350458DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
formula (4);
solving the above equation, the concentration value of oxyhemoglobin can be obtained
Figure 71289DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
And the concentration value of deoxyhemoglobin
Figure 174374DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
The method comprises the following steps:
Figure 209326DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
formula (5);
Figure 510995DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
formula (6);
wherein
Figure 340410DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
At a wavelength of
Figure 727529DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
Absorbance of the tissue;
Figure 300593DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
at a wavelength of
Figure 925610DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
Absorbance of the tissue; l is the distance between the wavelength emitter and the wavelength detector;
Figure 988243DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
and
Figure 800342DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
respectively represent wavelengths of
Figure 973834DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
Scattering coefficients of hemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin;
Figure 187778DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
and
Figure 421313DEST_PATH_IMAGE021
respectively represent wavelengths of
Figure 986286DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
Scattering coefficients of hemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin;
blood oxygen saturation
Figure 901153DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
Defined as the ratio between the concentration of oxyhemoglobin and the total hemoglobin concentration (sum of the concentrations of oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin), expressed in particular as:
Figure 297499DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
formula (7);
the blood oxygen saturation value of the tissue is expressed in percentages, further expressed as:
Figure 636689DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
equation (8).
The blood oxygen abnormality judgment module calculates a blood oxygen saturation change index according to the blood oxygen saturation value and the reference blood oxygen saturation value, and specifically comprises the following steps:
Figure 220117DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
formula (9);
Figure 204254DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
represents an index of change in blood oxygen saturation, wherein
Figure 392790DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
For the real-time blood oxygen saturation value of the subject calculated by the above formula (8),
Figure 968127DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
and storing the reference blood oxygen saturation value of the subject for the blood oxygen abnormality judging module.
Further, the calculating module for tissue elasticity of the present invention specifically calculates the elasticity coefficient of the tissue as follows:
assuming that the tissue is a uniform tissue, according to Hooke's law, then
F = -kx formula (10);
with the above equation (10), k can be obtained with F being the pressure signal detected by the pressure sensor and x being the displacement signal measured by the displacement sensor, known; k is a tissue elasticity coefficient characterizing the elasticity of the tissue.
Further, the following steps: the elastic change calculation module calculates the elastic change rate of the tissue specifically as follows:
the elasticity change calculation module obtains the elasticity change rate of the tissue according to the tissue elasticity coefficient k calculated by the tissue elasticity calculation module and a prestored elasticity coefficient k' under the normal condition of the tissue by a formula (11):
Figure 976535DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
formula (11).
Further, the ulcer monitoring module judges the condition of the tissue according to the blood oxygen saturation change index and the elasticity change rate, and comprises:
after the ulcer monitoring module obtains the blood oxygen saturation change index Q1 and the elasticity change rate of the tissue, the ulcer condition index of the tissue is calculated according to the following formula (12):
Figure 295521DEST_PATH_IMAGE031
formula (12);
wherein
Figure 604142DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
And
Figure 288064DEST_PATH_IMAGE033
values are taken for corresponding weight coefficients according to experience, and
Figure 111664DEST_PATH_IMAGE034
；
the ulcer monitoring module judges the condition of the tissue according to the calculated ulcer condition index, and the specific judgment criterion is as follows:
if it is
Figure 172024DEST_PATH_IMAGE035
Determining that the tissue condition of the subject is normal;
if it is
Figure 335152DEST_PATH_IMAGE036
Determining the occurrence of early stage ulcer;
if it is
Figure 252292DEST_PATH_IMAGE037
Determining that the patient has developed severe ulcers;
and the output module carries out corresponding output according to the judgment result of the ulcer detection module.
The invention takes the blood oxygen signal and the tissue elastic signal as indexes for monitoring the tissue conditions, such as ulcer, bedsore, inflammation and the like, determines the weight occupied by the two signals in the monitoring process through data fitting, so that the system can accurately estimate the tissue conditions, such as ulcer and the like, and sets the device as a portable device, such as a bracelet, a chest strap and the like, so that the tissue conditions can be continuously monitored on the premise of accurately judging the tissue conditions.
Through the change of continuous monitoring oxyhemoglobin saturation and tissue elasticity, can discover and prevent the ulcer in early stage, reduce the risk that the patient arouses other diseases or dies, effectively improve and alleviateed nursing staff's burden, reduce medical cost, the person of wearing simultaneously, for example bed patient, diabetes are sufficient patient etc. can real-time supervision self data, in time seek help, prevent to worsen.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an oximetry module of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of the elastodynamics of the tissue under pressure according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1, a system for ulcer monitoring includes: blood oxygen measuring module 1, elasticity measuring module 2 and processing module 3. The blood oxygen measuring module 1 comprises a light source module 11 and a detector 12, wherein the light source module 11 is a light source capable of generating blood oxygen perfusion for tissues, such as one or more LEDs, or a laser diode illuminator, and is capable of emitting red light and infrared light; the detector 12 is a photodetector, such as a photodiode, a phototriode detector, etc., and is capable of detecting a signal generated after the tissue (skin) is irradiated by the light source; the elastic module 2 comprises a pressure sensor and a displacement sensor, wherein the pressure sensor is used for detecting pressure applied to the tissue (skin), and the displacement sensor is used for detecting the displacement of the tissue under the action of the pressure and can be a Hall sensor or an acceleration sensor and the like; the data measured by the blood oxygen measuring module 1 and the elasticity measuring module 2 are sent to the processing module 3 for processing, and the processing module 3 includes a blood oxygen saturation value calculating module 31, an abnormal blood oxygen determining module 32, a tissue elasticity calculating module 34, an elasticity change calculating module 35, an ulcer monitoring module 36 and an output module 37.
Ulcers are localized defects, ulcerations of skin or mucosal surface tissue, often covered with pus, necrotic tissue, or crusts. Patients with ulcers, especially those with arterial ischemia, may experience three stages of clinical development: in the ischemic stage, the dystrophic stage and the gangrene stage, the lesions cause severe ischemia in the extremities or on the skin surface, and therefore, the blood oxygen saturation of patients with ulcers is different from that of normal people. When the tissue is ulcerated, the elasticity of the surrounding tissue is affected accordingly. Therefore, in order to monitor the variation in early stage of disease onset, the blood oxygen saturation value and the tissue elasticity value are selected as comprehensive monitoring indexes to perform early warning monitoring.
The light source 11 alternately emits red light and infrared light, after being reflected or projected by tissue, the red light and the infrared light are received by the detector 12, the optical signal is converted into an electrical signal, then the detector 12 sends the signal to the blood oxygen saturation value calculation module 31 of the processing module 3 for processing, the blood oxygen saturation value calculation module 31 calculates the blood oxygen saturation value by using the Lambert-beer law according to the difference of absorption coefficients of hemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin to the red light and the infrared light, and the blood oxygen saturation degree is calculated by using the improved Lambert-beer law, which is specifically as follows:
the absorbance a of the tissue was calculated using formula (1):
Figure 235292DEST_PATH_IMAGE038
formula (1);
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 99343DEST_PATH_IMAGE039
r is the absolute reflection coefficient of the tissue,
Figure 179294DEST_PATH_IMAGE040
which is indicative of the intensity of the reflected light from the tissue,
Figure 205019DEST_PATH_IMAGE041
the intensity of the incident light striking the tissue, according to beer's law, the relationship between concentration and reflectivity can be further expressed as:
Figure 737631DEST_PATH_IMAGE042
formula (2);
where C represents the tissue luminophore concentration and a is the tissue proportionality constant, which depends on the tissue.
Let the incident wavelength emitted by the light source be
Figure 405373DEST_PATH_IMAGE043
And
Figure 277514DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
then the absorption coefficient at two wavelengths can be expressed as:
Figure 536457DEST_PATH_IMAGE044
formula (3);
Figure 494049DEST_PATH_IMAGE045
formula (4);
solving the above equation, the concentration value of oxyhemoglobin can be obtained
Figure 762219DEST_PATH_IMAGE046
And the concentration value of deoxyhemoglobin
Figure 488867DEST_PATH_IMAGE047
The method comprises the following steps:
Figure 121973DEST_PATH_IMAGE048
formula (5);
Figure 629178DEST_PATH_IMAGE049
formula (6);
wherein
Figure 393651DEST_PATH_IMAGE050
At a wavelength of
Figure 37122DEST_PATH_IMAGE051
Absorbance of the tissue;
Figure 106709DEST_PATH_IMAGE052
at a wavelength of
Figure 773314DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
Absorbance of the tissue; l is the distance between the wavelength emitter and the wavelength detector;
Figure 383287DEST_PATH_IMAGE053
and
Figure 818947DEST_PATH_IMAGE054
respectively represent wavelengths of
Figure 856173DEST_PATH_IMAGE051
Scattering coefficients of hemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin;
Figure 10074DEST_PATH_IMAGE055
and
Figure 361421DEST_PATH_IMAGE056
respectively represent wavelengths of
Figure 979484DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
The scattering coefficients of hemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin.
The blood oxygen saturation is defined as the ratio between the concentration of oxyhemoglobin and the total hemoglobin concentration (sum of the concentrations of oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin), and is expressed in particular as:
Figure 390874DEST_PATH_IMAGE057
formula (7);
the blood oxygen saturation value of tissue is usually expressed in% and, therefore, can be expressed as:
Figure 32071DEST_PATH_IMAGE058
formula (8);
preferred in the present application
Figure 983846DEST_PATH_IMAGE059
Is the wavelength of 660nm, and the particle size of the nano-particles,
Figure 394099DEST_PATH_IMAGE060
is 880 nm.
Blood oxygen saturation value calculation module 31 is after calculating blood oxygen saturation value, convey the signal to blood oxygen anomaly determination module 32 and judge, blood oxygen anomaly determination module 32 stores benchmark blood oxygen saturation value, this benchmark blood oxygen saturation value can be the normal average value of the crowd who obtains from medical database, or the historical saturation value that needs of examinee, blood oxygen anomaly determination module 32 obtains blood oxygen saturation change index Q1 through judging, blood oxygen saturation change index Q1 is the index of normalized blood oxygen, its specific calculation is:
Figure 976390DEST_PATH_IMAGE061
formula (9);
wherein
Figure 167200DEST_PATH_IMAGE062
For real-time measurement, the real-time blood oxygen saturation value of the subject is calculated by the formula (8),
Figure 860350DEST_PATH_IMAGE063
the subject's baseline blood oxygen saturation value stored by the blood oxygen abnormality determination module 32.
The elasticity measuring module 2 includes a pressure sensor that measures pressure applied to the surface of the tissue (skin), and a displacement sensor that measures the amount of displacement change of the tissue under the pressure, and then transmits a pressure signal and a displacement amount signal to the tissue elasticity calculating module 34, and the tissue elasticity calculating module 34 calculates the elasticity of the tissue.
Human tissue, especially skin, is a complex medium, including epidermal, dermal and subcutaneous tissue, which is a non-uniform tissue, and here, in order to quantify macroscopically the elasticity of the tissue, we assume that the tissue is a uniform tissue, as shown in fig. 3, which is an equivalent diagram of the tissue under pressure, and according to hooke's law, there is a complex medium including the structures of epidermal, dermal and subcutaneous tissues
F = -kx formula (10);
the tissue elasticity calculation module 34 obtains the pressure signal F and the displacement signal x sent by the displacement sensor, and can determine the elasticity coefficient k of the tissue, so that the tissue elasticity coefficient k representing the elasticity of the tissue can be obtained.
The elasticity change calculating module 35 obtains the elasticity change rate of the tissue according to the tissue elasticity coefficient k calculated by the tissue elasticity calculating module 34 and the pre-stored elasticity coefficient k' under the normal condition of the tissue, specifically:
Figure 390688DEST_PATH_IMAGE064
formula (11).
The data obtained by the blood oxygen anomaly determination module 32 and the elastic change calculation module 35 are transmitted to the ulcer monitoring module 36, the ulcer monitoring module 36 obtains the tissue conditions of the human body, such as whether the human body has an ulcer or not, the risk of the human body having the ulcer and the like according to the blood oxygen saturation change index Q1 and the elastic change rate of the tissue, and the tissue conditions are output and displayed through the output module 37, the output module 37 can display the tissue conditions on a display screen, and can also be used as an alarm module and the like, when the ulcer monitoring module 36 monitors that the patient has an early ulcer state, the alarm module reminds the subject to see a doctor in time or medical staff to take corresponding measures.
The ulcer monitoring module 36 determines whether the tissue has an ulcer by:
after the ulcer monitoring module 36 obtains the blood oxygen saturation change index Q1 and the elastic change rate of the tissue, the ulcer condition index of the tissue is calculated according to the following formula:
Figure 878301DEST_PATH_IMAGE065
formula (12);
wherein
Figure 556407DEST_PATH_IMAGE066
And
Figure 53248DEST_PATH_IMAGE067
the weight coefficient is obtained empirically, and
Figure 438093DEST_PATH_IMAGE068
. The inventor finds that
Figure 158924DEST_PATH_IMAGE066
Taking out the mixture of 0.35 percent,
Figure 996430DEST_PATH_IMAGE067
when 0.65 is taken, the coincidence degree of the result obtained by the monitoring of the device and the actual result is higher.
When the ulcer monitoring module 36 calculates
Figure 828120DEST_PATH_IMAGE069
Between 0-0.2, determining that the subject is approximately normal;
Figure 595700DEST_PATH_IMAGE070
when the temperature is between 0.2 and 0.5, the early ulcer of the patient is determined, and the output module outputs the result and outputs an early risk alarm signal, such as buzzing; when D is above 0.5, the patient is determined to take measures quickly, the output module 37 outputs the monitoring signal, and outputs a rapid and sharp buzzing alarm, light flashing and the like.
The present application also relates to a method of monitoring ulcers, as shown in fig. 4, in particular:
the blood oxygen measuring module 1 continuously measures the blood oxygen signal of the subject;
the elasticity measuring module 2 continuously measures the tissue elasticity signal of the subject;
the processing module 3 processes the blood oxygen signal and the tissue elasticity signal to obtain the ulcer condition of the subject and outputs the ulcer condition.
Blood oxygen measuring module 1, elasticity measuring module 2 and processing module 3 can be independent parts, and the branch maybe in different places, also can integrate into a device, uses same carrier, for example can the structure be bracelet, waistband, pectoral girdle, dress clothes, or bedside monitor etc. for daily or hospital use, carries out continuous monitoring.
The invention can find and prevent ulcer in early stage by taking the blood oxygen saturation and the elasticity of the tissue as monitoring indexes of the tissue ulcer and continuously monitoring the change of the blood oxygen saturation and the elasticity of the tissue, thereby reducing the risk of other diseases or death of patients, effectively improving and lightening the burden of nursing staff and reducing the medical cost.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims (3)

1. A monitoring system for continuously monitoring a condition of a tissue of a subject, comprising: a blood oxygen measurement module that measures a blood oxygen signal of a subject; an elasticity measurement module that measures tissue elasticity signals of a subject; the processing module is used for processing the blood oxygen signal and the tissue elasticity signal of the testee so as to estimate the tissue condition of the testee and output the estimated tissue condition; the tissue condition includes at least one of an ulcer, a decubitus ulcer; the elastic measuring module comprises a pressure sensor and a displacement sensor; the pressure sensor detects a force applied to the tissue, the displacement sensor detects displacement of the tissue due to the application of the force;
the processing module comprises a blood oxygen saturation value calculating module, a blood oxygen abnormity judging module, a tissue elasticity calculating module, an elasticity change calculating module, an ulcer monitoring module and an output module; the blood oxygen saturation value calculating module calculates the blood oxygen saturation value of the tissue to be measured according to the blood oxygen signal measured by the blood oxygen measuring module; the blood oxygen abnormality judgment module calculates a blood oxygen saturation change index according to the blood oxygen saturation value and the reference blood oxygen saturation value; the tissue elasticity calculating module calculates the elasticity coefficient of the tissue, the elasticity change calculating module calculates the elasticity change rate of the tissue, the ulcer monitoring module judges the condition of the tissue according to the blood oxygen saturation change index and the elasticity change rate, and the output module outputs the condition of the tissue and gives an alarm if necessary;
the tissue elasticity calculation module calculates the elasticity coefficient of the tissue specifically as follows:
assuming that the tissue is a uniform tissue, according to Hooke's law, then
F ═ kx formula (10);
with the above equation (10), k can be obtained with F being the pressure signal detected by the pressure sensor and x being the displacement signal measured by the displacement sensor, known; k is a tissue elasticity coefficient characterizing tissue elasticity;
the elastic change calculation module calculates the elastic change rate of the tissue specifically as follows:
the elasticity change calculation module obtains the elasticity change rate E of the tissue according to the tissue elasticity coefficient k calculated by the tissue elasticity calculation module and a prestored elasticity coefficient k' under the normal condition of the tissue by a formula (11):
Figure FDA0002892675680000021
the ulcer monitoring module judges the condition of the tissue according to the blood oxygen saturation change index and the elasticity change rate, and comprises the following steps:
after obtaining the blood oxygen saturation change index Q1 and the elasticity change rate E of the tissue, the ulcer monitoring module calculates an ulcer condition index D of the tissue according to the following formula (12):
d ═ ω 1Q1+ ω 2E formula (12);
wherein ω 1 and ω 2 are corresponding weight coefficients, and are taken as values according to experience, and ω 1+ ω 2 is 1;
the ulcer monitoring module judges the condition of the tissue according to the calculated ulcer condition index D, and the specific judgment criterion is as follows:
if D belongs to 0-0.2, determining that the tissue condition of the subject is normal;
if D belongs to 0.2-0.5, determining that the patient has early ulcer;
if D belongs to 0.5-1.0, determining that the patient has severe ulcer;
the output module carries out corresponding output according to the judgment result of the ulcer detection module; the blood oxygen measuring module comprises a light source and a detector, wherein the light source emits exciting light to irradiate the tissue of the subject, and the detector detects the light passing through the tissue; the process of calculating the saturation value of blood oxygen by the blood oxygen saturation value calculating module comprises the following steps:
the absorbance a of the tissue was calculated using formula (1):
Figure FDA0002892675680000022
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0002892675680000023
r is the absolute reflectance of the tissue, IrIndicating the intensity of reflected light of the tissue, I0Expressing the intensity of incident light irradiated to the tissue, the relationship between the concentration and reflectivity of the component to be measured can be further expressed as:
Figure FDA0002892675680000031
wherein C represents the concentration of the tissue luminophore, a is the proportionality constant of the tissue, depending on the tissue;
let the wavelength of incident light emitted by the light source be lambda1And λ2Then the absorbance at two wavelengths can be expressed as:
Figure FDA0002892675680000032
Figure FDA0002892675680000033
by solving the above equation, the concentration value C (O) of oxygenated hemoglobin can be obtained2Hb) and the value of the concentration of deoxyhemoglobin c (hhb), in particular as follows:
Figure FDA0002892675680000034
Figure FDA0002892675680000035
wherein
Figure FDA0002892675680000036
At a wavelength of λ1Absorbance of the tissue;
Figure FDA0002892675680000037
at a wavelength of λ2Absorbance of the tissue; l is the distance between the wavelength emitter and the wavelength detector;
Figure FDA0002892675680000038
and
Figure FDA0002892675680000039
respectively represent a wavelength of λ1Scattering coefficients of hemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin;
Figure FDA00028926756800000310
and
Figure FDA00028926756800000311
respectively represent a wavelength of λ2Scattering coefficients of hemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin;
blood oxygen saturation degree SPO2Defined as the ratio between the concentration of oxyhemoglobin and the total hemoglobin concentration (sum of the concentrations of oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin), expressed in particular as:
Figure FDA00028926756800000312
the blood oxygen saturation value of the tissue is expressed in percentages, further expressed as:
Figure FDA00028926756800000313
determining the weight occupied by the two signals in the monitoring by data fitting enables an accurate estimation of the ulceration condition of the tissue,
by continuously monitoring the change of the blood oxygen saturation and the tissue elasticity, the ulcer can be found and prevented in an early stage, the risk of other diseases or death of a patient is reduced, the burden of nursing personnel is effectively improved and reduced, and the medical cost is reduced.
2. The monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the blood oxygen anomaly determination module calculates a blood oxygen saturation change index according to the blood oxygen saturation value and the reference blood oxygen saturation value, and specifically comprises:
Figure FDA0002892675680000041
Q1represents an index of change in blood oxygen saturation,% SPO2For the subject' S real-time blood oxygen saturation value, (% S) calculated by the above equation (8)PO2) ' is blood oxygen abnormality judging modelThe stored subject reference blood oxygen saturation values are chunked.
3. The system according to any one of claims 1-2, wherein the carrier of the oximetry, elasticity, and processing modules is a smart bracelet, chest strap, or other wearable device.
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