CN109548264A - A kind of superconducting cyclotron isochronous magnetic field shimming method - Google Patents
A kind of superconducting cyclotron isochronous magnetic field shimming method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109548264A CN109548264A CN201811290997.3A CN201811290997A CN109548264A CN 109548264 A CN109548264 A CN 109548264A CN 201811290997 A CN201811290997 A CN 201811290997A CN 109548264 A CN109548264 A CN 109548264A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H13/00—Magnetic resonance accelerators; Cyclotrons
- H05H13/005—Cyclotrons
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H7/00—Details of devices of the types covered by groups H05H9/00, H05H11/00, H05H13/00
- H05H7/04—Magnet systems, e.g. undulators, wigglers; Energisation thereof
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of superconducting cyclotron isochronous magnetic field shimming method, magnetic pole is by bottom magnetic pole and has a snack a layer two parts and forms, and has a snack layer and is connected and fixed using screw with bottom magnetic pole, is taken out after can dismantling from bottom magnetic pole.Using 45 degree of oblique angle vertebra shape cutters, had a snack by three-dimensional motion to having a snack layer side working depth and carry out isochronous magnetic field with the chamfering of radius change, depth of chamfering curve can pass through integral equation method and least square method is solved and obtained.Magnetic field isochronism has a snack in the achievable superconducting cyclotron of the present invention, avoid complicated finite element modeling process, have a snack that magnetic field continuity is good, precision is high, the mode of chamfer machining can reduce the magnetic field saturation degree of magnet part, coil and magnetic field are reduced with the fluctuation of temperature, improves the long-term running stability of accelerator.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to accelerator magnets to have a snack field, and in particular to a kind of superconducting cyclotron isochronous magnetic field is had a snack
Method.
Background technique
Isochronism is to measure one of the important indicator of cyclotron performance superiority and inferiority.The good accelerator of isochronism, particle exist
The frequency rotated in accelerator is consistent with higher frequency, and guaranteeing that particle passes through frequency cavity accelerator gap every time is in voltage peak
Accelerate, particle can be counted to by less circle up to extraction location, and the beam loss in accelerator is reduced.In general, convolution
Accelerator is built initially in magnet, and magnetic field is unable to satisfy isochronism, is needed to process to have a snack by magnet and be repaired to magnetic field
Just.The more commonly used magnet field shim mode of room temperature magnet cyclotron has: (1) panel is processed, i.e. magnetic pole side installation is removable
The panel unloaded, processing panel width carry out magnet field shim；(2) magnetic pole side paste block, the i.e. square in magnet side patch different in width
Shape block corrects magnetic field.The former processing capacity is continuous, has a snack precision height, the latter's implementation is more convenient, nevertheless, the two processing pad
It is detachable to mend part, avoids magnet Over-size transport and processing, has in the magnet of room temperature cyclotron is had a snack extensively
Application.
Superconducting cyclotron magnet is saturated very much, and the saturation performance of magnet is with temperature fluctuation, stabilization of the environment to magnetic field
Property is affected.Straight flange shimming method is commonly cut in room temperature cyclotron can aggravate the saturation degree of magnet side part, increase
Big coil aggravates magnetic field with the fluctuation of temperature.Thus, most of superconducting cyclotrons are all using adjusting line in the world
The mode of circle and regulating rod has a snack magnetic field, and magnet field shim amount facilitates calculating, but have a snack the poor continuity in magnetic field, have a snack precision by
To influence, and the installation of regulating winding and regulating rod is relative complex, increases the difficulty in engineering.
Summary of the invention
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention intends to provide a kind of superconducting cyclotron isochronism magnetic
Field shimming method, continues to use the mode that panel full curve is had a snack in room temperature cyclotron, replaces straight flange to process with chamfer machining,
Realize having a snack for isochronous magnetic field.
A kind of superconducting cyclotron isochronous magnetic field shimming method, magnetic pole is by bottom magnetic pole and has a snack layer two parts group
At having a snack layer and be connected and fixed with bottom magnetic pole using screw；Two on the shared magnetic pole up and down of the every fan leaf of superconducting cyclotron
Block has a snack layer, can have a snack layer left and right sides depth of cut with the pad of 45 degree of chamferings progress isochronous magnetic field of radius change to every piece
It mends, cutting quantity can be equivalent to a series of triangular prism composition, and it is independent that brought changes of magnetic field can be equivalent to all triangular prisms
The sum of bring changes of magnetic field.Depth of cut can obtain as follows:
1) different location r is calculatedi, the triangular prism formed using unit depth of cut is in different radii position r bring magnetic
Field variation, obtains a series of shape functions, is expressed as f (r, ri).Magnet chamfer machining amount is difficult to model in finite element, due to
Magnetic field is saturated very much in superconducting accelerator, can be solved using integral equation method:
Wherein, S is the surface area of triangular prism, (xi,yi,zi) be triangular prism surface on point coordinate, α be triangular prism surface
With the angle of central plane, Bz(r, θ) is the magnetic field of the position center plane polar coordinates (r, θ), BsIt is relevant magnetic with ferromagnetic material
Saturation constant is determined at Magnet design initial stage by ferromagnetic material BH curved measurement；
2) assume that each triangular prism bring changes of magnetic field is directly proportional to height h, the triangular prism of all radial locations is half
Changes of magnetic field caused by the position diameter r is represented by
Wherein, magnetic pole radius is n cm, hiRespective radius riThe depth of cut of position triangular prism；
3) to needing, the magnetic field amount Δ B having a snack is discrete to turn to radius rj(j=1 ... the m) amount of the having a snack Δ B neededj, step
2) formula in may be expressed as:
Above formula can be further expressed as matrix equation:
FH=Δ B
F is the matrix that shape function is formed, matrix element F (i, j)=f (rj,ri)；H and Δ B is respectively working depth and magnetic
The vector of the field amount of having a snack composition；
4) it solves to obtain the vector for indicating working depth by least square method:
H=(FTF)-1(FTΔB)
The T in the matrix upper right corner and -1 respectively indicates the transposition of matrix and inverts；
5) according to array (r, H) is acquired, it is converted into the processing curve of numerically-controlled machine tool identification, is processed.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, portion, earth magnetism Railway Bureau is advantageously reduced to the mode for having a snack layer implementation chamfer machining
Saturation degree is conducive to reduce coil, reduces magnetic field with the fluctuation of temperature, and during processing chamfering, uses
Integral equation method calculates triangular prism in different radii position r bring changes of magnetic field, by the way that processing capacity is calculated, to obtain
For the processing capacity of full curve, have many advantages, such as it is corresponding have a snack that magnetic field continuity is good, it is high to have a snack progress, reach raising accelerator
The purpose of long-term running stability replaces straight flange to process, realizes having a snack for isochronous magnetic field with chamfer machining.Meanwhile it having a snack
Layer with bottom magnetic pole dismantling connection, can will have a snack layer dismantled from bottom magnetic pole remove after individually process, be also beneficial to
Chamfering shapes, and reduces the difficulty of chamfer machining forming.
Preferably, there are deviations for numerical result and actual conditions, it is practical in order to improve the appropriate accurate of the amount of having a snack
Processing capacity can be on the basis of calculating processing capacity multiplied by a coefficient, i.e. H*=H × η, η are known as having a snack the factor, are typically in the range of 0.5
Between 0.9.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, the accuracy of actual processing amount is improved, so that chamfer machining is accurate
Property improve, be conducive to the stability of isochronous magnetic field having a snack.
Preferably, isochronous magnetic field have a snack be a successive ignition process, required have a snack number and take pad
Mending the factor, there are following relationships: N=2/log (1- η).
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, due to disposably can not accurately process chamfering, complete to process each time
Later, it on the basis of previous processing, can simulate to obtain the feedback of data, be repeated on the basis of certain a series of
Calculation step successively finds out subsequent amount from the amount of front, is processed again, approaches required target by repeating feedback procedure
Or as a result, make processing capacity further accurate, to reach the stability having a snack for improving isochronous magnetic field.
Preferably, the number of iterations of having a snack of isochronous magnetic field is 2-6 times.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, by 2-6 cutting processing, the precision of having a snack for being conducive to isochronous magnetic field is mentioned
It is high.
Preferably, numerical value calculates after obtaining depth of chamfering H*, using the bevel tool at 45 degree of oblique angles, along magnetic pole side
Mobile, depth changes according to array (r, H*), i.e., three-axis moving is completed to have a snack the chamfer machining of layer.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, during cutting chamfering, three-axis moving can be according to depth according to array
And the work of chamfering cutting is accurately completed in the variation of radius.
In conclusion the invention has the following advantages:
1, processing capacity is full curve, and corresponding to have a snack that magnetic field continuity is good, has a snack precision height, the mode of chamfer machining is advantageous
In the saturation degree for reducing magnet part, coil is reduced, reduces magnetic field with the fluctuation of temperature, so that it is long-term to improve accelerator
The stability of operation；
2, layer and bottom magnetic pole dismantling connection are had a snack, can will have a snack layer dismantled from bottom magnetic pole remove after individually carry out
Processing is also beneficial to shaping for chamfering, reduces the difficulty of chamfer machining forming.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is to embody the top view that layer is had a snack on superconducting cyclotron blade；
Fig. 2 is to embody magnetic pole axial sectional view；
Fig. 3 embodies the independent triangular prism in different radii position and cuts generated shape function.
In figure: 1, bottom magnetic pole；2, layer is had a snack；3, chamfering；4, triangular prism.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with attached drawing, invention is further described in detail.
A kind of superconducting cyclotron isochronous magnetic field shimming method, as shown in Figure 1, magnetic pole is by bottom magnetic pole 1 and has a snack
Layer 2 two parts composition has a snack the iron material generally close using electrical pure iron or magnetic property of layer 2, does not influence to have a snack or have a snack
Method.It has a snack layer 2 to be connected and fixed using screw with bottom magnetic pole 1, takes out after being dismantled from bottom magnetic pole 1 and individually added
Work.Share on upper and lower magnetic pole two pieces of the every fan leaf of superconducting cyclotron have a snack layer 2, can have a snack 2 left and right sides of layer to every piece
Depth of cut carries out having a snack for isochronous magnetic field with 45 degree of chamferings 3 of radius change, and the cutting quantity of chamfering 3 can be equivalent to a series of
Triangular prism 4 form, brought changes of magnetic field can be equivalent to the sum of independent bring changes of magnetic field of all triangular prisms 4.Pad
Mend layer 2 thickness can generally obtain it is thicker, it is main be afraid of to have a snack working depth excessive have a snack layer 2 and cut through, this is rule of thumb
Determine, general thickness is 1.5 times that largest anticipated has a snack depth.Depth of cut h can be obtained as follows:
1) different location r is calculatedi, the triangular prism 4 formed using unit depth of cut is in different radii position r bring magnetic
Field variation, obtains a series of shape functions, is expressed as f (r, ri).Magnet chamfer machining amount is difficult to model in finite element, due to
Magnetic field is saturated very much in superconducting accelerator, can solve shape function using integral equation method:
Wherein, S is the surface area of triangular prism, (xi,yi,zi) be triangular prism surface on point coordinate, α be triangular prism surface
With the angle of central plane, Bz(r, θ) is the magnetic field of center plane polar coordinates (r, θ), BsIt is relevant magnetic saturation with ferromagnetic material
Constant.
2) assume that each 4 bring changes of magnetic field of triangular prism is directly proportional to height h, the triangular prism 4 of all radial locations exists
Changes of magnetic field caused by the position radius r is represented by
Wherein, magnetic pole radius is n cm, hiRespective radius riThe depth of cut of position triangular prism 4.
3) to needing, the magnetic field amount Δ B having a snack is discrete to turn to radius rj(j=1 ... the m) amount of the having a snack Δ B neededj, step
2) formula in may be expressed as:
Above formula can be further expressed as matrix equation:
FH=Δ B
F is the matrix that shape function is formed, matrix element F (i, j)=f (rj,ri)；H and Δ B is respectively working depth and magnetic
The vector of the field amount of having a snack composition.
5) it solves to obtain the vector for indicating working depth by least square method:
H=(FTF)-1(FTΔB)
The T in the matrix upper right corner and -1 respectively indicates the transposition of matrix and inverts.
6) according to array (r, H) is acquired, it is converted into the processing curve of numerically-controlled machine tool identification, using the tapered knife at 45 degree of oblique angles
Tool, moved along magnetic pole side, depth according to array (r, H) change, i.e., three-axis moving is processed.
Unit depth of cut can choose 1cm, brought changes of magnetic field, so as to according to required changes of magnetic field meter
The depth of cut really needed, unit depth should rule of thumb take what is expected to have a snack being averaged for depth, or directly take and have a snack
The half of thickness degree.
Above-mentioned calculating process is executed, is intended after obtaining calculated result, due to existing in external environment and cutting process
There are deviations for error, obtained calculated result numerical value and actual conditions, have a snack excess in order to prevent, improve actual processing amount
Accuracy, actual processing amount can be on the basis of calculating processing capacity multiplied by a coefficient, so that the accuracy that chamfering 3 is processed
It improves, is conducive to the stability of isochronous magnetic field having a snack, i.e. H*=H × η, η are known as having a snack the factor.One good to have a snack algorithm
Calculate quasi-, so that it may take it is biggish have a snack the factor, problem is: before having a snack implementation for the first time, can not know quality；In reality,
Operator can all take for the first time it is small, such as 0.5, take 0.8,0.9 below after verifying, had a snack for general 3 times, η is typically in the range of
Between 0.5 and 0.9.
Wherein, due to disposably can not accurately process chamfering 3, thus, having a snack for isochronous magnetic field is one multiple
The process of iteration, it is required have a snack number and take have a snack the factor there are following relationships: N=2/log (1- η).In order to improve pad
Precision is mended, the number of iterations of having a snack of isochronous magnetic field is generally 2-6 times.After completing to process each time, add previous
It on the basis of work, can simulate to obtain the feedback of data, a series of calculation steps be repeated on the basis of certain, from front
Amount successively finds out subsequent amount, is processed again, approaches required target by repetition feedback procedure or as a result, makes processing capacity
It is further accurate, to reach the stability having a snack for improving isochronous magnetic field.
Specific example explanation: for example, a 230MeV superconduction bevatron, using screw fan field structure, magnetic
Polar radius is 85cm, carries out isochronous magnetic field using the method processed based on magnetic pole side chamfering 3 and has a snack, the processing that side adds
Amount can be equivalent to a series of depth and form with the triangular prism 4 of radius change.It is true that Magnet design initial stage measures ferromagnetic material BH curve
Determine magnetic saturation constant Bs=21.4kGs, using integral equation method calculate different radii position unit depth triangular prism 4 produced by
Changes of magnetic field, i.e. shape function.
As shown in Fig. 2, a series of pulse type curves between 8,9 are the shape function of 20cm-80cm radial location, it is based on
These shape functions can establish linear equation, be solved using least square method.Excess, actual processing amount are had a snack in order to prevent
It can be on the basis of calculating processing capacity multiplied by the factor 0.8 is had a snack, when starting to have a snack, maximum field relative error is about 1%, by 3
It is secondary have a snack after, maximum field error is about 1% × (1-0.8)3≈ 0.008% meets isochronism requirement.
This specific embodiment is only explanation of the invention, is not limitation of the present invention, those skilled in the art
Member can according to need the modification that not creative contribution is made to the present embodiment after reading this specification, but as long as sending out
All by the protection of Patent Law in bright scope of the claims.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of superconducting cyclotron isochronous magnetic field shimming method, magnetic pole is by bottom magnetic pole (1) and has a snack layer (2) two parts
Composition is had a snack layer (2) and is connected and fixed using screw with bottom magnetic pole (1)；The every fan leaf of superconducting cyclotron shares upper and lower magnetic
Two pieces on extremely are had a snack layer (2), can have a snack layer (2) left and right sides depth of cut with 45 degree of chamferings (3) of radius change to every piece
Having a snack for isochronous magnetic field is carried out, depth of cut can obtain as follows:
1) integral equation method is used, different location r is calculatedi, the triangular prism (4) formed using unit depth of cut is in different radii
Position r bring changes of magnetic field, obtains a series of shape functions, is expressed as f (r, ri)；
2) assume that each triangular prism (4) bring changes of magnetic field is directly proportional to height h, the triangular prism (4) of all radial locations exists
Changes of magnetic field caused by the position radius r is represented by
Wherein, magnetic pole radius is n cm, hiRespective radius riThe depth of cut of position triangular prism (4)；
3) to needing, the magnetic field amount Δ B having a snack is discrete to turn to radius rj(j=1 ... the m) amount of the having a snack Δ B neededj, in step 2)
Formula may be expressed as:
Above formula can be further expressed as matrix equation:
FH=Δ B
F is the matrix that shape function is formed, matrix element F (i, j)=f (rj,ri)；H and Δ B is respectively working depth and magnetic field pad
The vector of benefit amount composition；
4) it solves to obtain the vector for indicating working depth by least square method:
H=(FTF)-1(FTΔB)
The T in the matrix upper right corner and -1 respectively indicates the transposition of matrix and inverts；
5) according to array (r, H) is acquired, it is converted into the processing curve of numerically-controlled machine tool identification.
2. a kind of superconducting cyclotron isochronous magnetic field shimming method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in magnetic
Under the saturated conditions of field, finite element model for solving shape function f (r, r can be replaced by integral equation methodi), to reduce magnet modeling
Difficulty, solution formula is as follows:
Wherein, S is the surface area of triangular prism (4), (xi,yi,zi) be triangular prism (4) surface on point coordinate, α be triangular prism (4)
The angle on surface and central plane, Bz(r, θ) is the magnetic field of the position center plane polar coordinates (r, θ), BsIt is with ferromagnetic material correlation
Magnetic saturation constant, Magnet design initial stage pass through ferromagnetic material BH curved measurement determine.
3. a kind of superconducting cyclotron isochronous magnetic field shimming method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: numerical value meter
Calculating result and actual conditions, there are deviations, and in order to improve the appropriate accurate of the amount of having a snack, actual processing amount can calculate processing capacity base
Multiplied by a coefficient on plinth, i.e. H*=H × η, η are known as having a snack the factor, be typically in the range of between 0.5 and 0.9.
4. a kind of superconducting cyclotron isochronous magnetic field shimming method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: whens waiting
Property magnetic field have a snack be a successive ignition process, it is required have a snack number and take have a snack the factor there are following relationships: N=
2/log(1-η)。
5. a kind of superconducting cyclotron isochronous magnetic field shimming method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: whens waiting
Property magnetic field have a snack the number of iterations be 2-6 times.
6. a kind of superconducting cyclotron isochronous magnetic field shimming method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: numerical value
Calculate obtain depth of chamfering H* after, using the bevel tool at 45 degree of oblique angles, moved along magnetic pole side, depth according to array (r,
H*) change, i.e., three-axis moving is completed to have a snack chamfering (3) processing of layer (2).
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116116217A (en) * | 2022-12-13 | 2023-05-16 | 北京核力同创科技有限公司 | Magnetic field shimming method and system of isotope electromagnetic separator |
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| CN116116217B (en) * | 2022-12-13 | 2024-01-19 | 北京核力同创科技有限公司 | Magnetic field shimming method and system of isotope electromagnetic separator |
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| CN109548264B (en) | 2019-12-24 |
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