CN109546218A - A kind of silicon-carbon lithium-ion battery electrolytes and the silicon-carbon lithium ion battery using the electrolyte - Google Patents
A kind of silicon-carbon lithium-ion battery electrolytes and the silicon-carbon lithium ion battery using the electrolyte Download PDFInfo
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- CN109546218A CN109546218A CN201811553178.3A CN201811553178A CN109546218A CN 109546218 A CN109546218 A CN 109546218A CN 201811553178 A CN201811553178 A CN 201811553178A CN 109546218 A CN109546218 A CN 109546218A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
A kind of silicon-carbon lithium-ion battery electrolytes and the silicon-carbon lithium ion battery using the electrolyte, belong to field of lithium ion battery material.The electrolyte includes the film for additive for accounting for electrolyte total weight 8%-15%, the film for additive includes phosphate/phosphite ester compound, fluorinated ethylene carbonate (FEC), sulfuric acid vinyl ester (DTD) and difluorophosphate (LiPO2F2), which has excellent cycle performance.Phosphate/the phosphite ester compound is with chemical structural formula shown in formula (I) and (II):
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of lithium ion battery material, and in particular to a kind of silicon-carbon lithium-ion battery electrolytes and using should
The silicon-carbon lithium ion battery of electrolyte.
Background technique
Requirement with world community to environment is higher and higher, and the requirement to car exhaust gas is more and more harsh, new energy
Source automobile comes into being, because provide its power is that lithium ion battery can reduce exhaust emissions.But client is to electronic car kilometer
It is required that higher and higher, this just needs that lithium battery energy density is continuously improved, can be big using the silicon-carbon cathode material of high-energy density
The energy density of amplitude raising battery.But the SEI film of silicon-carbon cathode is unstable, since removal lithium embedded bring is answered in cyclic process
Power makes the SEI of cathode constantly destroy and be continuously generated, and film for additive, which can be constantly consumed, causes circulation volume to be decayed rapidly,
This just needs cathode film formation stronger or at the better additive of film toughness.Stablize silicon-carbon cathode, allows its interface to be formed more preferable more steady
Fixed protective film, electrolyte play the role of key, are an important factor for influencing lithium ion battery electrical property, and additive is
Wherein extremely crucial component, one or more kinds of additives can significantly improve the various aspects of performance of lithium ion battery.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to solve the unstable problems of existing silicon-carbon cathode SEI film, provide a kind of silicon-carbon lithium
Ion battery electrolyte and the silicon-carbon lithium ion battery for using the electrolyte, the cycle performance of this kind of electrolyte is excellent, uses
The silicon-carbon lithium ion battery of this kind of electrolyte has excellent cycle performance.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:
A kind of silicon-carbon lithium-ion battery electrolytes, including non-aqueous organic solvent, electric conducting lithium salt and film for additive, it is described
Film for additive accounts for the 8%~15% of electrolyte total weight, and the film for additive includes fluorinated ethylene carbonate, sulfuric acid second
Enester and difluorophosphate, in addition, further including phosphate compounds and/or phosphite ester compound；The phosphate
Class compound is the substance with chemical structural formula shown in formula (I)；The phosphite ester compound is with formula (II)
Shown in chemical structural formula substance:
In formula (I) and formula (II), R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 are independent to be selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkyl halide alkyl, alkene
Any one of alkyl, alkynes base, aryl radical, halogenated aromatic alkyl.
A kind of silicon-carbon lithium ion battery containing above-mentioned electrolyte, including anode, cathode, electrolyte and diaphragm, it is described
Cathode use silicon-carbon composite cathode material, reversible gram volume >=420mAh/g.
The beneficial effect of the present invention compared with the existing technology is: by phosphate/phosphite ester compound, FEC, DTD
The SEI film of combined synergistic effect, formation is finer and close and is not easily broken rich in toughness, can with silicon-carbon cathode volume change phase
It should change, so as to improve the cycle performance of battery, while difluorophosphate and phosphate/phosphite ester compound match
Use, be capable of forming the lower passivating film of impedance, slow down the side reaction of electrolyte and electrode material surface, reduce impedance with
The increased growth of cycle-index, to significantly improve battery cycle life.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, further description of the technical solution of the present invention, and however, it is not limited to this, all right
Technical solution of the present invention is modified or replaced equivalently, and without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, should all be contained
Lid is within the protection scope of the present invention.
Specific embodiment 1: what present embodiment recorded is a kind of silicon-carbon lithium-ion battery electrolytes, including non-aqueous have
Solvent, electric conducting lithium salt and film for additive, the film for additive accounts for the 8%~15% of electrolyte total weight, described
Film for additive includes fluorinated ethylene carbonate (FEC), sulfuric acid vinyl ester (DTD) and difluorophosphate, in addition, further including phosphoric acid
Ester type compound and/or phosphite ester compound；The phosphate compounds are with chemical structure shown in formula (I)
The substance of formula；The phosphite ester compound is the substance with chemical structural formula shown in formula (II):
In formula (I) and formula (II), R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 are independent to be selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkyl halide alkyl, alkene
Any one of alkyl, alkynes base, aryl radical, halogenated aromatic alkyl.Carbon atom number is 1~10 in above alkyl.
Specific embodiment 2: a kind of silicon-carbon lithium-ion battery electrolytes described in specific embodiment one,
The substance with chemical structural formula shown in formula (I) is chosen in particular from least one of T1-T5 compound:
The substance with chemical structural formula shown in formula (II) is chosen in particular from following T6-T10 compound extremely
Few one kind:
Specific embodiment 3: a kind of silicon-carbon lithium-ion battery electrolytes described in specific embodiment one, it is described at
Film additive further includes positive film for additive, the positive film for additive be succinonitrile (SN), adiponitrile (ADN), 1,
3,6- hexane, three nitrile (HTCN), three (trimethyl silane) phosphates (TMSB), difluorine oxalic acid boracic acid lithium (LiODFB), double oxalic acid boron
At least one of sour lithium (LiBOB).
Specific embodiment 4: a kind of silicon-carbon lithium-ion battery electrolytes described in specific embodiment three, it is described at
Film additive further includes cathode film formation additive, and the cathode film formation additive is vinyl vinylene carbonate (VEC), carbon
At least one of sour vinylene (VC) and 1,3-propane sultone (PS).
Specific embodiment 5: a kind of silicon-carbon lithium-ion battery electrolytes described in specific embodiment three, it is described just
Pole film for additive accounts for the 0.5%~5% of electrolyte total weight.
Specific embodiment 6: a kind of silicon-carbon lithium-ion battery electrolytes described in specific embodiment four, described is negative
Pole film for additive accounts for the 0.5%~10% of electrolyte total weight.
Specific embodiment 7: a kind of silicon-carbon lithium-ion battery electrolytes, the phosphorus described in specific embodiment one
Acid esters compound and/or phosphite ester compound account for the 0.1%~2% of electrolyte total weight.
Specific embodiment 8: a kind of silicon-carbon lithium-ion battery electrolytes described in specific embodiment one, described is non-
Aqueous organic solvent is ethylene carbonate (EC), propene carbonate (PC), methyl ethyl carbonate (EMC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), carbon
Diethyl phthalate (DEC), ethyl acetate (EA), propyl acetate (EP), propyl propionate (PP), ethyl propionate (PA), sulfolane, positive fourth
The mixture of one or more of sulfone.
Specific embodiment 9: a kind of silicon-carbon lithium-ion battery electrolytes described in specific embodiment three, described is led
Electric lithium salts is lithium hexafluoro phosphate (LiPF6), lithium perchlorate (LiClO4), double fluorine sulfimide lithiums (LiFSI), LiBF4
(LiBF4), the mixture of one or more of double trifluoromethanesulfonimide lithiums (LiTFSI).
Specific embodiment 10: a kind of contain electrolyte described in any specific embodiment of specific embodiment one to nine
Silicon-carbon lithium ion battery, including anode, cathode, electrolyte and diaphragm, the cathode uses silicon-carbon composite cathode material,
Reversible gram volume >=420mAh/g.
Comparative example 1
A kind of preparation method of typical silicon-carbon lithium ion battery, comprising the following steps:
One, prepare silicon-carbon cathode: by quality accounting be 95.9% silicon-carbon cathode material (using SiO and graphite it is compound and
At SiO mass accounting 10%), single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) conductive agent that quality accounting is 0.1%, quality accounting are 1%
Conductive black (SP) conductive agent, sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) binder that quality accounting is 1% and quality accounting be 2%
Butadiene-styrene rubber (SBR) binder slurry is made with wet processing, the surface coated on negative current collector copper foil, drying (temperature
Degree: 85 DEG C, time: 6h), roll-in and cross cutting obtain silicon-carbon cathode；
Two, it prepares electrolyte: ethylene carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate 2:4:3 in mass ratio being mixed, pressed
Electrolyte gross mass calculate inside mixed liquor be added 1% T1,1% sulfuric acid vinyl ester (DTD) and 1% difluorophosphate
(LiPO2F2) as additive, it is eventually adding 13% lithium hexafluoro phosphate, obtains 1 electrolyte of comparative example.
Three, it cuts diaphragm: diaphragm is cut into required size；
Four, preparation anode: by nickle cobalt lithium manganate tertiary cathode material, carbon nanotube and the Kynoar of 80% nickel content
It is dispersed in N-Methyl pyrrolidone according to the mass ratio of 97:1:2 and obtains anode sizing agent, anode sizing agent is coated on anode collection
The surface of body aluminium foil obtains anode by drying (temperature: 85 DEG C, time: 6h), roll-in and cross cutting；
Cathode, electrolyte, diaphragm and anode that above-mentioned all steps obtain are assembled, silicon-carbon lithium-ion electric is obtained
Pond.
Comparative example 2
Using lithium ion battery used in comparative example 1.The difference is that the additive being added in electrolyte is total to account for electrolyte
The T2 of weight 2%, 7% fluorinated ethylene carbonate (FEC) and 2% sulfuric acid vinyl ester (DTD).
Comparative example 3
Using lithium ion battery used in comparative example 1.The difference is that the additive being added in electrolyte is total to account for electrolyte
The DTD of weight 1%, 6% fluorinated ethylene carbonate (FEC) and 1% difluorophosphate (LiPO2F2).
Embodiment 1
Using lithium ion battery used in comparative example 1.The difference is that the additive being added in electrolyte is total to account for electrolyte
The T3 of weight 0.5%, 0.5% DTD, 6% fluorinated ethylene carbonate (FEC) and 0.5% difluorophosphate
(LiPO2F2)。
Embodiment 2
Using lithium ion battery used in comparative example 1.The difference is that the additive being added in electrolyte is total to account for electrolyte
The T4 of weight 1%, 1% DTD, 7% fluorinated ethylene carbonate (FEC) and 1% difluorophosphate (LiPO2F2).
Embodiment 3
Using lithium ion battery used in comparative example 1.The difference is that the additive being added in electrolyte is total to account for electrolyte
The T5 of weight 0.5%, 1.5% DTD, 8% fluorinated ethylene carbonate (FEC) and 0.5% difluorophosphate
(LiPO2F2)。
Embodiment 4
Using lithium ion battery used in comparative example 1.The difference is that the additive being added in electrolyte is total to account for electrolyte
The T6 of weight 2%, 1% DTD, 7% fluorinated ethylene carbonate (FEC) and 1% difluorophosphate (LiPO2F2).
Embodiment 5
Using lithium ion battery used in comparative example 1.The difference is that the additive being added in electrolyte is total to account for electrolyte
The T7 of weight 1.5%, 1% DTD, 5% fluorinated ethylene carbonate (FEC) and 1% difluorophosphate (LiPO2F2).
Embodiment 6
Using lithium ion battery used in comparative example 1.The difference is that the additive being added in electrolyte is total to account for electrolyte
The T8 of weight 2%, 0.5% DTD, 9% fluorinated ethylene carbonate (FEC) and 0.5% difluorophosphate (LiPO2F2).
Embodiment 7
Using lithium ion battery used in comparative example 1.The difference is that the additive being added in electrolyte is total to account for electrolyte
The T9 of weight 1%, 1% DTD, 7% fluorinated ethylene carbonate (FEC) and 0.5% difluorophosphate (LiPO2F2).
Embodiment 8
Using lithium ion battery used in comparative example 1.The difference is that the additive being added in electrolyte is total to account for electrolyte
The T10 of weight 2%, 0.5% DTD, 6% fluorinated ethylene carbonate (FEC) and 1% difluorophosphate (LiPO2F2).
Embodiment 9
Using lithium ion battery used in comparative example 1.The difference is that the additive being added in electrolyte is total to account for electrolyte
The T2 of weight 0.5%, 0.5% T6,0.5% DTD, 8% fluorinated ethylene carbonate (FEC) and 1.5% difluorophosphoric acid
Lithium (LiPO2F2).
Embodiment 10
Using lithium ion battery used in comparative example 1.The difference is that the additive being added in electrolyte is total to account for electrolyte
The T1 of weight 1%, 1% T7,0.5% DTD, 7% fluorinated ethylene carbonate (FEC), 2% difluorophosphate
(LiPO2F2), the HTCN of 1% VC and 3%.
Embodiment 11
Using lithium ion battery used in comparative example 1.The difference is that the additive being added in electrolyte is total to account for electrolyte
The T3 of weight 0.5%, 1.5% T9,1% DTD, 10% fluorinated ethylene carbonate (FEC), 0.5% difluorophosphate
(LiPO2F2), the ADN of 1% LiBOB and 3%.
Electrochemical property test is carried out to the above comparative example and the resulting silicon-carbon lithium ion battery of embodiment
Loop test: by embodiment 1~11 and 1~3 gained battery of comparative example respectively under room temperature, 45 DEG C of high temperature with 1C/
The charge-discharge magnification of 1C carries out charge and discharge cycles 400 times, records cyclic discharge capacity and the discharge capacity recycled divided by the 1st time is
Capacity retention ratio is obtained, cell thickness is divided by cell thickness before recycling up to thickness change, record result table 1 after record circulation.
The comparison of 1 embodiment and comparative example experimental result of table
In conjunction with above-mentioned table 1, comparative example 1-9, comparative example 1-3 contain phosphate/phosphorous acid esters simultaneously as the result is shown
Compound, fluorinated ethylene carbonate (FEC), the embodiment 1-9 of sulfuric acid vinyl ester (DTD) and difluorophosphate (LiPO2F2) are normal
Warm cyclic high-temperature cycle performance is more excellent, and the comparative example 1-3 cycle performance without 4 kinds of combined additives is slightly worse, it is seen that 4 kinds of film forming
Additive synergistic effect can obviously improve room temperature, high temperature cyclic performance.
Comparative example 1-9, embodiment 10-11, embodiment 10-11 cycle performance is more excellent as the result is shown, it is seen that adds at 4 kinds
Add and adds positive film for additive such as HTCN, cathode film formation additive such as VC, battery normal temperature circulation, high temperature under agent combination combination
Circulation can be more excellent.
To sum up, using the room temperature of the lithium ion battery of electrolyte of the present invention, high temperature cyclic performance be improved significantly.It is above-mentioned
Embodiment is the preferable embodiment of the present invention, but embodiment of the present invention are not limited by the above embodiments, other
It is any without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention made by change, modification, substitution, combination and simplify, should be equivalent
Substitute mode, be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of silicon-carbon lithium-ion battery electrolytes, including non-aqueous organic solvent, electric conducting lithium salt and film for additive, it is described at
Film additive accounts for the 8%~15% of electrolyte total weight, it is characterised in that: the film for additive includes fluoro ethylene carbonate
Ester, sulfuric acid vinyl ester and difluorophosphate, in addition, further including phosphate compounds and/or phosphite ester compound；It is described
Phosphate compounds be the substance with chemical structural formula shown in formula (I)；The phosphite ester compound is tool
There is the substance of chemical structural formula shown in formula (II):
In formula (I) and formula (II), R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 it is independent selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkyl halide alkyl, alkylene,
Any one of alkynes base, aryl radical, halogenated aromatic alkyl.
2. a kind of silicon-carbon lithium-ion battery electrolytes according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The substance with chemical structural formula shown in formula (I) is chosen in particular from least one of T1-T5 compound:
The substance with chemical structural formula shown in formula (II) is chosen in particular from least one in following T6-T10 compound
Kind:
3. a kind of silicon-carbon lithium-ion battery electrolytes according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the film for additive
It further include positive film for additive, the positive film for additive is succinonitrile, adiponitrile, 1,3,6- hexane, three nitrile, three (three
Methyl-monosilane) phosphate, difluorine oxalic acid boracic acid lithium, at least one of di-oxalate lithium borate.
4. a kind of silicon-carbon lithium-ion battery electrolytes according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: the film for additive
Further include cathode film formation additive, the cathode film formation additive be vinyl vinylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate and
At least one of 1,3-propane sultone.
5. a kind of silicon-carbon lithium-ion battery electrolytes according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: the anode film forming adds
Agent is added to account for the 0.5%~5% of electrolyte total weight.
6. a kind of silicon-carbon lithium-ion battery electrolytes according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: the cathode film formation adds
Agent is added to account for the 0.5%~10% of electrolyte total weight.
7. a kind of silicon-carbon lithium-ion battery electrolytes according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the phosphoric acid ester
It closes object and/or phosphite ester compound accounts for the 0.1%~2% of electrolyte total weight.
8. a kind of silicon-carbon lithium-ion battery electrolytes according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described is non-aqueous organic molten
Agent be ethylene carbonate, propene carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate,
The mixture of one or more of propyl propionate, ethyl propionate, sulfolane, positive fourth sulfone.
9. a kind of silicon-carbon lithium-ion battery electrolytes according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the electric conducting lithium salt is
One of lithium hexafluoro phosphate, lithium perchlorate, double fluorine sulfimide lithiums, LiBF4, double trifluoromethanesulfonimide lithiums or
Several mixtures.
10. a kind of silicon-carbon lithium ion battery containing electrolyte described in claim 1~9 any claim, including anode,
Cathode, electrolyte and diaphragm, it is characterised in that: the cathode use silicon-carbon composite cathode material, reversible gram volume >=
420mAh/g。
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| CN112448033A (en) * | 2019-09-05 | 2021-03-05 | 杉杉新材料（衢州）有限公司 | High-voltage lithium ion battery electrolyte and long-cycle-life high-voltage lithium ion battery |
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| CN110828894B (en) * | 2019-11-01 | 2021-10-08 | 天津市捷威动力工业有限公司 | High-safety electrolyte and lithium ion battery |
| CN110931873A (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2020-03-27 | 中国科学院山西煤炭化学研究所 | Lithium ion battery electrolyte suitable for high-nickel ternary/silicon-carbon system |
| CN112164825A (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2021-01-01 | 华南师范大学 | High-voltage phosphate electrolyte additive and lithium ion battery electrolyte containing same |
| CN113054250A (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2021-06-29 | 张家港市国泰华荣化工新材料有限公司 | Electrolyte and lithium ion battery |
| CN113054250B (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2023-03-10 | 张家港市国泰华荣化工新材料有限公司 | Electrolyte and lithium ion battery |
| CN111244549B (en) * | 2020-03-09 | 2021-08-03 | 珠海冠宇电池股份有限公司 | Electrolyte and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN111244549A (en) * | 2020-03-09 | 2020-06-05 | 珠海冠宇电池有限公司 | Electrolyte and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN112868123B (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2023-02-28 | 宁德新能源科技有限公司 | Electrolyte solution, and electrochemical device and electronic device including the same |
| CN112868123A (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2021-05-28 | 宁德新能源科技有限公司 | Electrolyte solution, electrochemical device including the same, and electronic device |
| CN111628219A (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2020-09-04 | 宁德新能源科技有限公司 | Electrolyte solution, electrochemical device containing electrolyte solution, and electronic device |
| CN112467212B (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2022-04-12 | 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 | Lithium ion battery electrolyte for silicon-carbon cathode and lithium ion battery |
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| CN114188606A (en) * | 2021-12-10 | 2022-03-15 | 傲普(上海)新能源有限公司 | Electrolyte and application thereof |
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| CN114709480A (en) * | 2022-04-02 | 2022-07-05 | 远景动力技术(江苏)有限公司 | Non-aqueous electrolyte and lithium ion battery thereof |
| CN114709480B (en) * | 2022-04-02 | 2023-09-26 | 远景动力技术(河北)有限公司 | Nonaqueous electrolyte and lithium ion battery thereof |
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| CN115763960B (en) * | 2022-12-05 | 2024-03-26 | 惠州亿纬锂能股份有限公司 | Silicon-based negative electrode electrolyte, preparation method and lithium ion battery thereof |
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