CN109541307B - Circuit structure for realizing ultra-wideband signal analysis based on single frequency conversion technology - Google Patents
Circuit structure for realizing ultra-wideband signal analysis based on single frequency conversion technology Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域Technical Field
本发明涉及信号分析领域，尤其涉及宽带信号分析仪领域，具体是指一种基于单次变频技术实现超宽带信号分析功能的电路结构。The present invention relates to the field of signal analysis, in particular to the field of broadband signal analyzers, and specifically refers to a circuit structure that realizes ultra-wideband signal analysis function based on single frequency conversion technology.
背景技术Background technique
信号分析仪是广泛应用的射频测量设备，其突出优点是测量频段宽、灵敏度高、线性度好等优点，广泛应用于通信、通信、导航、雷达等领域。典型的宽带频谱分析仪测量频率范围可以从低频连续覆盖微波频段，比如30Hz～6GHz。为了达到优良的测量精度和动态范围，这种设备大都采用了超外差技术架构，将被测信号通过变频技术搬移到一个固定的中频频率上处理，由于变频技术中的镜像频率的存才，这种宽带设备大都采用了2～4级变频方案实现全频率的覆盖。变频级数的增加，相应增加了本振、滤波及放大电路等，这就造成了这种宽带设备的复杂度高，电路的成本、体积和功耗都较高。Signal analyzers are widely used RF measurement equipment. Their outstanding advantages are wide measurement frequency band, high sensitivity, good linearity, etc. They are widely used in communication, navigation, radar and other fields. The typical broadband spectrum analyzer can continuously cover the microwave frequency band from low frequency, such as 30Hz to 6GHz. In order to achieve excellent measurement accuracy and dynamic range, most of these devices use superheterodyne technology architecture to move the measured signal to a fixed intermediate frequency through frequency conversion technology. Due to the existence of mirror frequency in frequency conversion technology, most of these broadband devices use 2 to 4 frequency conversion schemes to achieve full frequency coverage. The increase in the number of frequency conversion levels has correspondingly increased the local oscillator, filtering and amplification circuits, which has resulted in high complexity of this broadband device, and high circuit cost, volume and power consumption.
图1是一个典型的宽带信号分析仪原理框图。该方案采用了3级变频的技术方案。在这个结构里，所有的被测信号都被搬移到固定频率为IF3的中频频率上。第一级变频一般采用高中频方案，即中频频率大于射频频率。因此，为满足频率测量范围的要求，第一本振必须覆盖一定的频率范围且与整个扫描电路同步调谐。其后是第二、第三级变频，由于输入输出都是固定的频率，因此其本振频率都是固定的。整个结构的调谐方程如下：Figure 1 is a typical block diagram of a broadband signal analyzer. This solution adopts a three-level frequency conversion technology. In this structure, all measured signals are moved to an intermediate frequency with a fixed frequency of IF3. The first level of frequency conversion generally adopts a high intermediate frequency solution, that is, the intermediate frequency is greater than the radio frequency. Therefore, in order to meet the requirements of the frequency measurement range, the first local oscillator must cover a certain frequency range and be synchronously tuned with the entire scanning circuit. This is followed by the second and third levels of frequency conversion. Since the input and output are fixed frequencies, the local oscillator frequencies are fixed. The tuning equation of the entire structure is as follows:
f1stLO-fRF＝f1stIF f1stLO -fRF = f1stIF
f1stIF-f2ndLO＝f2ndIF f1stIF -f2ndLO = f2ndIF
f2ndIF-f3rdLO＝f3rdIF f2ndIF -f3rdLO = f3rdIF
式中，fRF为射频输入频率，f1stLO为第一本振频率，f1stIF为第一中频频率，f2ndLO为第二本振频率。f2ndIF为第二中频频率，f3rdLO为第三本振频率，f3rdIF为第三中频频率。Where f RF is the RF input frequency, f 1stLO is the first local oscillator frequency, f 1stIF is the first intermediate frequency, f 2ndLO is the second local oscillator frequency, f 2ndIF is the second intermediate frequency, f 3rdLO is the third local oscillator frequency, and f 3rdIF is the third intermediate frequency.
之所以采用如此复杂的多级变频方案，是由于混频器会产生额外的镜频干扰。如果采用图2的一次变频方案，简化硬件电路，直接将被测信号变频到中频。此时的调谐方程如下：The reason for adopting such a complex multi-stage frequency conversion scheme is that the mixer will produce additional image interference. If the single-stage frequency conversion scheme in Figure 2 is adopted, the hardware circuit is simplified and the measured signal is directly converted to the intermediate frequency. The tuning equation at this time is as follows:
fLO-fRF＝fIF；f LO -f RF = f IF ;
式中，fRF为射频输入频率，fLO为第一频率，fIF为中频频率。Where f RF is the RF input frequency, f LO is the first frequency, and f IF is the intermediate frequency.
根据调谐方程，当本振扫描频率调谐到fLO＝fRF-fIF时，会产生1个-fIF的同频信号，这是造成宽带接收机很少采用这种一次变频的主要原因。因此，这种一次变频的电路通常用于窄带信号测量与分析，图2中得前端Pre Filter一般采用带通滤波器，带通滤波器的带宽小于中频频率的2倍。According to the tuning equation, when the local oscillator scanning frequency is tuned to f LO = f RF - f IF , a co-frequency signal of -f IF will be generated. This is the main reason why broadband receivers rarely use this type of single-frequency conversion. Therefore, this type of single-frequency conversion circuit is usually used for narrowband signal measurement and analysis. The front-end Pre Filter in Figure 2 generally uses a bandpass filter, and the bandwidth of the bandpass filter is less than twice the intermediate frequency.
综上所述，多级变频方案可实现宽带频率覆盖，但结构复杂，成本高。单次变频虽然结构简单，但只能实现窄带频率覆盖。In summary, the multi-level frequency conversion scheme can achieve broadband frequency coverage, but the structure is complex and the cost is high. Although the single frequency conversion has a simple structure, it can only achieve narrowband frequency coverage.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明的目的是克服了上述现有技术的缺点，提供了一种频率覆盖宽、成本低、结构简单的基于单次变频技术实现超宽带信号分析功能的电路结构。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art and provide a circuit structure that has wide frequency coverage, low cost and simple structure and implements ultra-wideband signal analysis function based on single frequency conversion technology.
为了实现上述目的，本发明的基于单次变频技术实现超宽带信号分析功能的电路结构如下：In order to achieve the above object, the circuit structure of the present invention for realizing the ultra-wideband signal analysis function based on single frequency conversion technology is as follows:
该基于单次变频技术实现超宽带信号分析功能的电路结构，其主要特点是，所述的系统包括：The circuit structure for realizing ultra-wideband signal analysis function based on single frequency conversion technology has the following main features: the system comprises:
预滤波器模块，用于抑制带外信号；A pre-filter module for suppressing out-of-band signals;
第一通道电路模块，所述的第一通道电路模块的输入端与所述的预滤波器模块的输出端相连接，用于处理经过滤波器的输入信号；A first channel circuit module, the input end of which is connected to the output end of the pre-filter module, and is used to process the input signal after the filter;
第二通道电路模块，所述的第二通道电路模块的输入端与所述的预滤波器模块的输出端相连接，用于处理经过滤波器的输入信号；A second channel circuit module, the input end of which is connected to the output end of the pre-filter module, and is used to process the input signal after the filter;
扫描同步发生器，与所述的第一通道电路模块和第二通道电路模块相连接，用于同步处理第一通道电路模块和第二通道电路模块的本振信号和数字振荡器频率以及检波输出；A scanning synchronization generator, connected to the first channel circuit module and the second channel circuit module, for synchronously processing the local oscillator signal and the digital oscillator frequency and the detection output of the first channel circuit module and the second channel circuit module;
比较电路模块，所述的比较电路模块的输入端均与所述的第一通道电路模块的输出端和第二通道电路模块的输出端相连接，用于比较两路DET信号，并将幅度低的信号输出。A comparison circuit module, the input end of which is connected to the output end of the first channel circuit module and the output end of the second channel circuit module, is used to compare two DET signals and output the signal with a lower amplitude.
较佳地，所述的第一通道电路模块包括：Preferably, the first channel circuit module comprises:
第一混频器，所述的第一混频器的输入端与所述的预滤波器模块的输出端相连接，用于将射频信号变频到中频频率；A first mixer, the input end of which is connected to the output end of the pre-filter module, and is used to convert the radio frequency signal to an intermediate frequency;
第一本振，所述的第一本振的输出端与所述的第一混频器的输入端相连接，所述的第一本振的输入端与所述的扫描同步发生器的输出端相连接，用于提供所需频率覆盖范围的变频器本振信号；A first local oscillator, wherein the output end of the first local oscillator is connected to the input end of the first mixer, and the input end of the first local oscillator is connected to the output end of the scanning synchronization generator, and is used to provide a frequency converter local oscillator signal with a required frequency coverage range;
第一带通滤波器，所述的第一带通滤波器的输入端与所述的第一混频器的输出端相连接，用于使进行抗混叠；A first band-pass filter, wherein an input end of the first band-pass filter is connected to an output end of the first mixer for performing anti-aliasing;
第一模数变换器，所述的第一模数变换器的输入端与所述的第一带通滤波器的输出端相连接，用于将模拟中频信号变换成数字信号；A first analog-to-digital converter, the input end of which is connected to the output end of the first bandpass filter, and is used to convert the analog intermediate frequency signal into a digital signal;
第一数字下变频器，所述的第一数字下变频器的输入端与所述的第一模数变换器的输出端相连接，用于对信号进行变换和抽取，并提供合适的信号速率；A first digital down converter, the input end of which is connected to the output end of the first analog-to-digital converter, for converting and extracting signals and providing a suitable signal rate;
第一数字振荡器，所述的第一数字振荡器的输出端与所述的第一数字下变频器的输入端相连接，所述的第一数字振荡器的输入端与所述的扫描同步发生器的输出端相连接，用于产生于中频IF频率相同的数字本振信号；A first digital oscillator, wherein the output end of the first digital oscillator is connected to the input end of the first digital down-converter, and the input end of the first digital oscillator is connected to the output end of the scanning synchronization generator, and is used to generate a digital local oscillator signal with the same frequency as the intermediate frequency IF;
第一分辨率带宽滤波器，所述的第一分辨率带宽滤波器的输入端与所述的第一数字下变频器的输出端相连接，用于产生信号分析分辨率的FIR滤波器；A first resolution bandwidth filter, the input end of the first resolution bandwidth filter is connected to the output end of the first digital down converter, and is used to generate a FIR filter of signal analysis resolution;
第一检波器，所述的第一检波器的输入端与所述的第一分辨率带宽滤波器的输出端相连接，所述的第一检波器的输出端与所述的比较器的输入端相连接，用于实时检测信号的幅度并输出。The first detector, the input end of the first detector is connected to the output end of the first resolution bandwidth filter, and the output end of the first detector is connected to the input end of the comparator, for real-time detection of the amplitude of the signal and output.
较佳地，所述的第二通道电路模块包括：Preferably, the second channel circuit module comprises:
第二混频器，所述的第二混频器的输入端与所述的预滤波器模块的输出端相连接，用于将射频信号变频到中频频率；A second mixer, the input end of which is connected to the output end of the pre-filter module, and is used to convert the radio frequency signal to an intermediate frequency;
第二本振，所述的第二本振的输出端与所述的第二混频器的输入端相连接，所述的第二本振的输入端与所述的扫描同步发生器的输出端相连接，用于提供所需频率覆盖范围的变频器本振信号；A second local oscillator, the output end of the second local oscillator is connected to the input end of the second mixer, and the input end of the second local oscillator is connected to the output end of the scanning synchronization generator, for providing a frequency converter local oscillator signal with a required frequency coverage range;
第二带通滤波器，所述的第二带通滤波器的输入端与所述的第二混频器的输出端相连接，用于使进行抗混叠；A second band-pass filter, wherein the input end of the second band-pass filter is connected to the output end of the second mixer for performing anti-aliasing;
第二模数变换器，所述的第二模数变换器的输入端与所述的第二带通滤波器的输出端相连接，用于将模拟中频信号变换成数字信号；A second analog-to-digital converter, the input end of the second analog-to-digital converter is connected to the output end of the second bandpass filter, and is used to convert the analog intermediate frequency signal into a digital signal;
第二数字下变频器，所述的第二数字下变频器的输入端与所述的第二模数变换器的输出端相连接，用于对信号进行变换和抽取，并提供合适的信号速率；A second digital down converter, the input end of which is connected to the output end of the second analog-to-digital converter, for converting and extracting the signal and providing a suitable signal rate;
第二数字振荡器，所述的第二数字振荡器的输出端与所述的第二数字下变频器的输入端相连接，所述的第二数字振荡器的输入端与所述的扫描同步发生器的输出端相连接，用于产生于中频IF频率相同的数字本振信号；A second digital oscillator, wherein the output end of the second digital oscillator is connected to the input end of the second digital down converter, and the input end of the second digital oscillator is connected to the output end of the scanning synchronization generator, and is used to generate a digital local oscillator signal with the same frequency as the intermediate frequency IF;
第二分辨率带宽滤波器，所述的第二分辨率带宽滤波器的输入端与所述的第二数字下变频器的输出端相连接，用于产生信号分析分辨率的FIR滤波器；A second resolution bandwidth filter, the input end of the second resolution bandwidth filter is connected to the output end of the second digital down converter, and is used to generate a FIR filter of signal analysis resolution;
第二检波器，所述的第二检波器的输入端与所述的第二分辨率带宽滤波器的输出端相连接，所述的第二检波器的输出端与所述的比较器的输入端相连接，用于实时检测信号的幅度并输出。The second detector, the input end of the second detector is connected to the output end of the second resolution bandwidth filter, and the output end of the second detector is connected to the input end of the comparator, for real-time detection of the amplitude of the signal and output.
较佳地，所述的系统还包括外部显示模块，所述的外部显示模块的输入端与所述的比较电路模块的输出端相连接，用于显示输出结果。Preferably, the system further comprises an external display module, the input end of the external display module is connected to the output end of the comparison circuit module, and is used to display the output result.
较佳地，所述的预滤波器模块包括低通滤波器。Preferably, the pre-filter module comprises a low-pass filter.
较佳地，所述的第一带通滤波器的中心频率为IF1，带宽大于被测信号的带宽。Preferably, the center frequency of the first bandpass filter is IF1, and the bandwidth is greater than the bandwidth of the measured signal.
较佳地，所述的第一通道电路模块的中频频率IF1和第二通道电路模块的中频频率IF2具有频差Δf。Preferably, the intermediate frequency IF1 of the first channel circuit module and the intermediate frequency IF2 of the second channel circuit module have a frequency difference Δf.
较佳地，所述的Δf大于被测信号实际带宽且大于RBW滤波器。Preferably, the Δf is larger than the actual bandwidth of the measured signal and larger than the RBW filter.
较佳地，所述的第一通道电路模块的调谐方程，具体为：Preferably, the tuning equation of the first channel circuit module is specifically:
根据以下公式对第一通道电路模块进行调谐：The first channel circuit module is tuned according to the following formula:
fLO1-fRF＝fIF1；f LO1 -f RF = f IF1 ;
fLO1＝fRF+fIF1；f LO1 = f RF + f IF1 ;
其中，fLO1是第一通道电路模块的本振信号，fIF1为第一通道电路模块的中频频率，fRF为射频输入频率。Wherein, f LO1 is the local oscillator signal of the first channel circuit module, f IF1 is the intermediate frequency of the first channel circuit module, and f RF is the radio frequency input frequency.
较佳地，所述的第二通道电路模块的调谐方程，具体为：Preferably, the tuning equation of the second channel circuit module is specifically:
根据以下公式对第二通道电路模块进行调谐：The second channel circuit module is tuned according to the following formula:
fLO2-fRF＝fIF2；f LO2 -f RF = f IF2 ;
fLO2＝fRF+fIF2＝fRF+fIF1+Δf；f LO2 = f RF + f IF2 = f RF + f IF1 + Δf;
其中，fLO2是第二通道电路模块的本振信号，fIF1为第一通道电路模块的中频频率，fIF2为第二通道电路模块的中频频率，fRF为射频输入频率，Δf是fIF1和fIF2的频率差。Wherein, f LO2 is the local oscillator signal of the second channel circuit module, f IF1 is the intermediate frequency frequency of the first channel circuit module, f IF2 is the intermediate frequency frequency of the second channel circuit module, f RF is the radio frequency input frequency, and Δf is the frequency difference between f IF1 and f IF2 .
采用了本发明的基于单次变频技术实现超宽带信号分析功能的电路结构，采用了一次变频的方式，实现了宽频带信号的测量与分析，与传统的多级变频和单级变频方案相比，具有以下优点：(1)本方案电路结构简单，具有单次变频的优点，电路的功耗降低，可靠性提高，而成本大幅降低。(2)本方案可实现宽频段频率覆盖，同时有效解决了单级变频产生的镜频干扰问题。具有较强的实用性。(3)本方案的信号处理采用了大量数字信号处理技术，可以在软件和FPGA中进行处理，进一步简化了硬件的复杂度，同时，硬件是适用性进一步提供。The circuit structure of the present invention that realizes the ultra-wideband signal analysis function based on the single-stage frequency conversion technology adopts a single-stage frequency conversion method to realize the measurement and analysis of wide-band signals. Compared with the traditional multi-stage frequency conversion and single-stage frequency conversion schemes, it has the following advantages: (1) The circuit structure of this scheme is simple and has the advantages of single-stage frequency conversion. The power consumption of the circuit is reduced, the reliability is improved, and the cost is greatly reduced. (2) This scheme can achieve wide-band frequency coverage and effectively solve the problem of image frequency interference caused by single-stage frequency conversion. It has strong practicality. (3) The signal processing of this scheme adopts a large number of digital signal processing technologies, which can be processed in software and FPGA, further simplifying the complexity of the hardware. At the same time, the applicability of the hardware is further improved.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
图1为现有技术的微波信号分析仪原理框图。FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a microwave signal analyzer in the prior art.
图2为现有技术的采用一次变频的信号分析仪的方案示意图。FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a signal analyzer using single frequency conversion in the prior art.
图3为本发明的基于单次变频技术实现超宽带信号分析功能的电路结构的镜频合成检波后的输出结果。FIG3 is an output result after image frequency synthesis detection of the circuit structure of the present invention for realizing the ultra-wideband signal analysis function based on the single frequency conversion technology.
图4为本发明的基于单次变频技术实现超宽带信号分析功能的电路结构的采用差频方案的一次变频原理框图。FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the principle of a single frequency conversion using a difference frequency scheme for a circuit structure that implements an ultra-wideband signal analysis function based on a single frequency conversion technology according to the present invention.
图5为本发明的基于单次变频技术实现超宽带信号分析功能的电路结构的采用差频方案的分时变频原理框图。FIG5 is a block diagram showing the principle of time-sharing frequency conversion using a difference frequency scheme for a circuit structure that implements an ultra-wideband signal analysis function based on a single frequency conversion technology according to the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了能够更清楚地描述本发明的技术内容，下面结合具体实施例来进行进一步的描述。In order to more clearly describe the technical content of the present invention, further description is given below in conjunction with specific embodiments.
该基于单次变频技术实现超宽带信号分析功能的电路结构，其中，所述的系统包括：The circuit structure for realizing ultra-wideband signal analysis function based on single frequency conversion technology, wherein the system comprises:
预滤波器模块，用于抑制带外信号；A pre-filter module for suppressing out-of-band signals;
第一通道电路模块，所述的第一通道电路模块的输入端与所述的预滤波器模块的输出端相连接，用于处理经过滤波器的输入信号；A first channel circuit module, the input end of which is connected to the output end of the pre-filter module, and is used to process the input signal after the filter;
第二通道电路模块，所述的第二通道电路模块的输入端与所述的预滤波器模块的输出端相连接，用于处理经过滤波器的输入信号；A second channel circuit module, the input end of which is connected to the output end of the pre-filter module, and is used to process the input signal after the filter;
扫描同步发生器，与所述的第一通道电路模块和第二通道电路模块相连接，用于同步处理第一通道电路模块和第二通道电路模块的本振信号和数字振荡器频率以及检波输出；A scanning synchronization generator, connected to the first channel circuit module and the second channel circuit module, for synchronously processing the local oscillator signal and the digital oscillator frequency and the detection output of the first channel circuit module and the second channel circuit module;
比较电路模块，所述的比较电路模块的输入端均与所述的第一通道电路模块的输出端和第二通道电路模块的输出端相连接，用于比较两路DET信号，并将幅度低的信号输出。A comparison circuit module, the input end of which is connected to the output end of the first channel circuit module and the output end of the second channel circuit module, is used to compare two DET signals and output the signal with a lower amplitude.
作为本发明的优选实施方式，所述的第一通道电路模块包括：As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first channel circuit module comprises:
第一混频器，所述的第一混频器的输入端与所述的预滤波器模块的输出端相连接，用于将射频信号变频到中频频率；A first mixer, the input end of which is connected to the output end of the pre-filter module, and is used to convert the radio frequency signal to an intermediate frequency;
第一本振，所述的第一本振的输出端与所述的第一混频器的输入端相连接，所述的第一本振的输入端与所述的扫描同步发生器的输出端相连接，用于提供所需频率覆盖范围的变频器本振信号；A first local oscillator, wherein the output end of the first local oscillator is connected to the input end of the first mixer, and the input end of the first local oscillator is connected to the output end of the scanning synchronization generator, and is used to provide a frequency converter local oscillator signal with a required frequency coverage range;
第一带通滤波器，所述的第一带通滤波器的输入端与所述的第一混频器的输出端相连接，用于使进行抗混叠；A first band-pass filter, wherein an input end of the first band-pass filter is connected to an output end of the first mixer for performing anti-aliasing;
第一模数变换器，所述的第一模数变换器的输入端与所述的第一带通滤波器的输出端相连接，用于将模拟中频信号变换成数字信号；A first analog-to-digital converter, the input end of which is connected to the output end of the first bandpass filter, and is used to convert the analog intermediate frequency signal into a digital signal;
第一数字下变频器，所述的第一数字下变频器的输入端与所述的第一模数变换器的输出端相连接，用于对信号进行变换和抽取，并提供合适的信号速率；A first digital down converter, the input end of which is connected to the output end of the first analog-to-digital converter, for converting and extracting signals and providing a suitable signal rate;
第一数字振荡器，所述的第一数字振荡器的输出端与所述的第一数字下变频器的输入端相连接，所述的第一数字振荡器的输入端与所述的扫描同步发生器的输出端相连接，用于产生于中频IF频率相同的数字本振信号；A first digital oscillator, wherein the output end of the first digital oscillator is connected to the input end of the first digital down-converter, and the input end of the first digital oscillator is connected to the output end of the scanning synchronization generator, and is used to generate a digital local oscillator signal with the same frequency as the intermediate frequency IF;
第一分辨率带宽滤波器，所述的第一分辨率带宽滤波器的输入端与所述的第一数字下变频器的输出端相连接，用于产生信号分析分辨率的FIR滤波器；A first resolution bandwidth filter, the input end of the first resolution bandwidth filter is connected to the output end of the first digital down converter, and is used to generate a FIR filter of signal analysis resolution;
第一检波器，所述的第一检波器的输入端与所述的第一分辨率带宽滤波器的输出端相连接，所述的第一检波器的输出端与所述的比较器的输入端相连接，用于实时检测信号的幅度并输出。The first detector, the input end of the first detector is connected to the output end of the first resolution bandwidth filter, and the output end of the first detector is connected to the input end of the comparator, for real-time detection of the amplitude of the signal and output.
作为本发明的优选实施方式，所述的第二通道电路模块包括：As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second channel circuit module comprises:
第二混频器，所述的第二混频器的输入端与所述的预滤波器模块的输出端相连接，用于将射频信号变频到中频频率；A second mixer, the input end of which is connected to the output end of the pre-filter module, and is used to convert the radio frequency signal to an intermediate frequency;
第二本振，所述的第二本振的输出端与所述的第二混频器的输入端相连接，所述的第二本振的输入端与所述的扫描同步发生器的输出端相连接，用于提供所需频率覆盖范围的变频器本振信号；A second local oscillator, the output end of the second local oscillator is connected to the input end of the second mixer, and the input end of the second local oscillator is connected to the output end of the scanning synchronization generator, for providing a frequency converter local oscillator signal with a required frequency coverage range;
第二带通滤波器，所述的第二带通滤波器的输入端与所述的第二混频器的输出端相连接，用于使进行抗混叠；A second band-pass filter, wherein the input end of the second band-pass filter is connected to the output end of the second mixer for performing anti-aliasing;
第二模数变换器，所述的第二模数变换器的输入端与所述的第二带通滤波器的输出端相连接，用于将模拟中频信号变换成数字信号；A second analog-to-digital converter, the input end of the second analog-to-digital converter is connected to the output end of the second bandpass filter, and is used to convert the analog intermediate frequency signal into a digital signal;
第二数字下变频器，所述的第二数字下变频器的输入端与所述的第二模数变换器的输出端相连接，用于对信号进行变换和抽取，并提供合适的信号速率；A second digital down converter, the input end of which is connected to the output end of the second analog-to-digital converter, for converting and extracting the signal and providing a suitable signal rate;
第二数字振荡器，所述的第二数字振荡器的输出端与所述的第二数字下变频器的输入端相连接，所述的第二数字振荡器的输入端与所述的扫描同步发生器的输出端相连接，用于产生于中频IF频率相同的数字本振信号；A second digital oscillator, wherein the output end of the second digital oscillator is connected to the input end of the second digital down converter, and the input end of the second digital oscillator is connected to the output end of the scanning synchronization generator, and is used to generate a digital local oscillator signal with the same frequency as the intermediate frequency IF;
第二分辨率带宽滤波器，所述的第二分辨率带宽滤波器的输入端与所述的第二数字下变频器的输出端相连接，用于产生信号分析分辨率的FIR滤波器；A second resolution bandwidth filter, the input end of the second resolution bandwidth filter is connected to the output end of the second digital down converter, and is used to generate a FIR filter of signal analysis resolution;
第二检波器，所述的第二检波器的输入端与所述的第二分辨率带宽滤波器的输出端相连接，所述的第二检波器的输出端与所述的比较器的输入端相连接，用于实时检测信号的幅度并输出。The second detector, the input end of the second detector is connected to the output end of the second resolution bandwidth filter, and the output end of the second detector is connected to the input end of the comparator, for real-time detection of the amplitude of the signal and output.
较佳地，所述的系统还包括外部显示模块，所述的外部显示模块的输入端与所述的比较电路模块的输出端相连接，用于显示输出结果。Preferably, the system further comprises an external display module, the input end of the external display module is connected to the output end of the comparison circuit module, and is used to display the output result.
较佳地，所述的预滤波器模块包括低通滤波器。Preferably, the pre-filter module comprises a low-pass filter.
作为本发明的优选实施方式，所述的第一带通滤波器的中心频率为IF1，带宽大于被测信号的带宽。As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the center frequency of the first bandpass filter is IF1, and the bandwidth is greater than the bandwidth of the measured signal.
作为本发明的优选实施方式，所述的第一通道电路模块的中频频率IF1和第二通道电路模块的中频频率IF2具有频差Δf。As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the intermediate frequency IF1 of the first channel circuit module and the intermediate frequency IF2 of the second channel circuit module have a frequency difference Δf.
作为本发明的优选实施方式，所述的Δf大于被测信号实际带宽且大于RBW滤波器。As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Δf is larger than the actual bandwidth of the measured signal and larger than the RBW filter.
作为本发明的优选实施方式，所述的第一通道电路模块的调谐方程，具体为：As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the tuning equation of the first channel circuit module is specifically:
根据以下公式对第一通道电路模块进行调谐：The first channel circuit module is tuned according to the following formula:
fLO1-fRF＝fIF1；f LO1 -f RF = f IF1 ;
fLO1＝fRF+fIF1；f LO1 = f RF + f IF1 ;
其中，fLO1是第一通道电路模块的本振信号，fIF1为第一通道电路模块的中频频率，fRF为射频输入频率。Wherein, f LO1 is the local oscillator signal of the first channel circuit module, f IF1 is the intermediate frequency of the first channel circuit module, and f RF is the radio frequency input frequency.
作为本发明的优选实施方式，所述的第二通道电路模块的调谐方程，具体为：As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the tuning equation of the second channel circuit module is specifically:
根据以下公式对第二通道电路模块进行调谐：The second channel circuit module is tuned according to the following formula:
fLO2-fRF＝fIF2；f LO2 -f RF = f IF2 ;
fLO2＝fRF+fIF2＝fRF+fIF1+Δf；f LO2 = f RF + f IF2 = f RF + f IF1 + Δf;
其中，fLO2是第二通道电路模块的本振信号，fIF1为第一通道电路模块的中频频率，fIF2为第二通道电路模块的中频频率，fRF为射频输入频率，Δf是fIF1和fIF2的频率差。Wherein, f LO2 is the local oscillator signal of the second channel circuit module, f IF1 is the intermediate frequency frequency of the first channel circuit module, f IF2 is the intermediate frequency frequency of the second channel circuit module, f RF is the radio frequency input frequency, and Δf is the frequency difference between f IF1 and f IF2 .
本发明的具体实施方式中，根据分析，镜频产生于距离有用信号的2倍中频处，如果中频频率发生变化，镜频的频率会发生2Δf的频差。如果对信号分别变换到不同中频频率，两个中频的检波输出，在期望频率上是相同的，但在镜频上存在频差，合成检波后可以分辨出镜频，如图3所示。In the specific implementation of the present invention, according to analysis, the image frequency is generated at a distance of 2 times the intermediate frequency of the useful signal. If the intermediate frequency changes, the frequency of the image frequency will have a frequency difference of 2Δf. If the signal is converted to different intermediate frequencies, the detection outputs of the two intermediate frequencies are the same at the desired frequency, but there is a frequency difference at the image frequency. After synthetic detection, the image frequency can be distinguished, as shown in Figure 3.
根据以上方法，本方案设计了如下实现方法，如图3所示。信号经与滤波器之后，同时进入到通道1和通道2中处理，通道1和通道2的电路结构完全相同，二者的区别是中频频率IF1和IF2存在频差Δf，BPF1和BPF2分别调谐到各自的中频频率处，数字振荡器NCO1和NCO2的输出与中频频率相同，两个通道的输出进入比较电路COMP，取最小信号，送往外部显示输出结果。这种电路可以有效抑制单次变频产生的镜频干扰。According to the above method, this scheme designs the following implementation method, as shown in Figure 3. After the signal passes through the filter, it enters channel 1 and channel 2 for processing at the same time. The circuit structure of channel 1 and channel 2 is exactly the same. The difference between the two is that there is a frequency difference Δf between the intermediate frequencies IF1 and IF2. BPF1 and BPF2 are tuned to their respective intermediate frequencies. The outputs of digital oscillators NCO1 and NCO2 are the same as the intermediate frequencies. The outputs of the two channels enter the comparison circuit COMP, take the minimum signal, and send it to the external display output result. This circuit can effectively suppress the image frequency interference caused by single frequency conversion.
图4包含电路结构的模块，各模块功能说明如下：Figure 4 contains the modules of the circuit structure, and the functions of each module are described as follows:
预滤波器(Pre Filter)：用于抑制带外信号，宽带测量采用低通滤波器。Pre Filter: Used to suppress out-of-band signals. Low-pass filter is used for broadband measurement.
混频器(Mixer1)：通道1混频器，用于将射频信号变频到中频频率。Mixer 1: Channel 1 mixer, used to convert RF signal to IF frequency.
本振(LO1)：提供所需频率覆盖范围的变频器本振信号。Local Oscillator (LO1): Provides the inverter local oscillator signal with the required frequency coverage.
带通滤波器(BPF1)：中心频率为IF1的带通滤波器，滤波器的带宽BW需大于被测信号的带宽，同时具有通道抗混叠滤波器的特性。Bandpass filter (BPF1): A bandpass filter with a center frequency of IF1. The bandwidth BW of the filter must be greater than the bandwidth of the measured signal and it must have the characteristics of a channel anti-aliasing filter.
模数变换器(ADC)：将模拟中频信号变换成数字信号。Analog-to-digital converter (ADC): converts analog intermediate frequency signals into digital signals.
数字下变频器(DDC)：对信号进行变换和抽取，提供合适的信号速率。Digital down converter (DDC): converts and extracts the signal to provide a suitable signal rate.
数字振荡器(NCO)：产生于中频IF频率相同的数字本振信号。Digital oscillator (NCO): Generates a digital local oscillator signal with the same frequency as the intermediate frequency (IF).
分辨率带宽滤波器(RBW)：用于产生信号分析分辨率的FIR滤波器。Resolution Bandwidth Filter (RBW): A FIR filter used to generate resolution for signal analysis.
检波器(DET)：实时检测信号的幅度并输出。Detector (DET): detects the amplitude of the signal in real time and outputs it.
比较器(COMP)：对两路DET信号进行比较，将幅度低的信号输出。Comparator (COMP): Compares the two DET signals and outputs the signal with lower amplitude.
扫描同步发生器(Sweep Generator)：是实现本方案的关键电路，用于同步处理2个通道的本振信号和数字振荡器频率以及检波输出。Sweep Generator: It is the key circuit to realize this scheme, and is used to synchronously process the local oscillator signal of two channels and the digital oscillator frequency as well as the detection output.
两个通道的调谐方程如下：The tuning equations for the two channels are as follows:
通道1：Channel 1:
fLO1-fRF＝fIF1；f LO1 -f RF = f IF1 ;
fLO1＝fRF+fIF1；f LO1 = f RF + f IF1 ;
通道2：Channel 2:
fLO2-fRF＝fIF2；f LO2 -f RF = f IF2 ;
fLO2＝fRF+fIF2＝fRF+fIF1+Δf；f LO2 = f RF + f IF2 = f RF + f IF1 + Δf;
LO1和LO2的调谐频率相差Δf，Δf的选择主要考虑两个因素，第一是信号测量带宽，Δf必须大于被测信号实际带宽，否则对宽带信号造成检波的混叠，无法有效区分。第二是Δf必须大于RBW滤波器。The tuning frequencies of LO1 and LO2 differ by Δf. The selection of Δf mainly considers two factors. The first is the signal measurement bandwidth. Δf must be greater than the actual bandwidth of the measured signal, otherwise it will cause aliasing of the detection of the wideband signal and cannot be effectively distinguished. The second is that Δf must be greater than the RBW filter.
上述的技术方案，采用了单次变频方案，但使用了双通道处理，通过两个通道的信号幅度差，有效实现了单次变频的镜像干扰问题。相比多级变频，电路结构已经大幅简化。考虑到双通道是同时处理的，对于稳态信号来说，如果两个通道能够复用，电路结构将进一步简化。The above technical solution adopts a single frequency conversion solution, but uses dual-channel processing. Through the signal amplitude difference of the two channels, the image interference problem of single frequency conversion is effectively solved. Compared with multi-level frequency conversion, the circuit structure has been greatly simplified. Considering that the dual channels are processed simultaneously, for steady-state signals, if the two channels can be reused, the circuit structure will be further simplified.
分时复用通道后的原理框图如附图5所示，完成一次测量，需要本振调谐2次，第一次按IF1进行扫描，所有测量结果保存，第二次按照IF2进行扫描，与对应的第一次扫描数据进行比较后，输出供显示。与附图4相比，此方案将通道进一步简化，仅增加了一个通道带通滤波器，分别对应不同的中频频率。但由于分时扫描，此方案仅适用于稳态信号的测量。The principle block diagram after time-division multiplexing of channels is shown in Figure 5. To complete a measurement, the local oscillator needs to be tuned twice. The first scan is performed according to IF1, and all measurement results are saved. The second scan is performed according to IF2, and after comparison with the corresponding first scan data, the output is displayed. Compared with Figure 4, this solution further simplifies the channel and only adds a channel bandpass filter, corresponding to different intermediate frequencies. However, due to time-division scanning, this solution is only applicable to the measurement of steady-state signals.
采用了本发明的基于单次变频技术实现超宽带信号分析功能的电路结构，采用了一次变频的方式，实现了宽频带信号的测量与分析，与传统的多级变频和单级变频方案相比，具有以下优点：(1)本方案电路结构简单，具有单次变频的优点，电路的功耗降低，可靠性提高，而成本大幅降低。(2)本方案可实现宽频段频率覆盖，同时有效解决了单级变频产生的镜频干扰问题。具有较强的实用性。(3)本方案的信号处理采用了大量数字信号处理技术，可以在软件和FPGA中进行处理，进一步简化了硬件的复杂度，同时，硬件是适用性进一步提供。The circuit structure of the present invention that realizes the ultra-wideband signal analysis function based on the single-stage frequency conversion technology adopts a single-stage frequency conversion method to realize the measurement and analysis of wide-band signals. Compared with the traditional multi-stage frequency conversion and single-stage frequency conversion schemes, it has the following advantages: (1) The circuit structure of this scheme is simple and has the advantages of single-stage frequency conversion. The power consumption of the circuit is reduced, the reliability is improved, and the cost is greatly reduced. (2) This scheme can achieve wide-band frequency coverage and effectively solve the problem of image frequency interference caused by single-stage frequency conversion. It has strong practicality. (3) The signal processing of this scheme adopts a large number of digital signal processing technologies, which can be processed in software and FPGA, further simplifying the complexity of the hardware. At the same time, the applicability of the hardware is further improved.
在此说明书中，本发明已参照其特定的实施例作了描述。但是，很显然仍可以作出各种修改和变换而不背离本发明的精神和范围。因此，说明书和附图应被认为是说明性的而非限制性的。In this specification, the present invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments thereof. However, it is apparent that various modifications and variations may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the specification and drawings should be regarded as illustrative rather than restrictive.
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