CN109541149A - A kind of bion atmosphere heavy metal pollution detection discriminating gear and application - Google Patents
A kind of bion atmosphere heavy metal pollution detection discriminating gear and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN109541149A CN109541149A CN201811647610.5A CN201811647610A CN109541149A CN 109541149 A CN109541149 A CN 109541149A CN 201811647610 A CN201811647610 A CN 201811647610A CN 109541149 A CN109541149 A CN 109541149A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
- G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of bion atmosphere heavy metal pollution detection discriminating gear and application, the detection discriminating gear includes pollution element absorption plant living body unit, humus unit, migration of element and pollution element chelating unit, ion-exchange unit and the judgement unit from top to bottom set gradually；Vertical distribution in atmosphere is captured and accumulated by adsorptivity plant living body unit, migration of element and pollution element chelating unit and ion-exchange unit coordinated realize the transmission and migration of heavy metal element, judgement unit is for differentiating pollution condition, to complete acquisition and detection for atmosphere heavy metal, pollution situation is detected and is differentiated.The device is embedded in testing location or is placed on ground, being adsorbed to after withered and death occurs in plants on surface living body can be taken off, and by the color status of lower part judgement unit, can be judged to atmosphere heavy metal pollution situation according to the color table of comparisons.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to atmosphere pollution detection technique fields, more particularly, to a kind of bion atmosphere heavy metal pollution
Detect discriminating gear and application.
Background technique
Toxic heavy metal, which enters the intracorporal carrier of people, mainly three kinds of water, air and food approach.In this three, especially with
Air sucking, the mode permeated need most and cause to pay close attention to, and are often easiest to again ignored.On the one hand, air is that the mankind are rely life
Deposit, with the most closely related surrounding medium of mankind's activity, it is omnipresent, at all times.On the other hand, China is in atmospheric environment
Standard formulation related with heavy metal is opposite weak in protective standard and lags, and lacks the detection and control of atmosphere heavy metal pollution
System, is not also included in routine monitoring and supervision item for the heavy metal in surrounding air and waste gas of pollutant.Heavy metal in atmosphere
Pollution typically refers to be adsorbed on the poisonous and harmful heavy metallic ingredient on Atmospheric particulates, and contamination characteristics mainly have following side
Face:
(1) the various mankind's activities such as industrial production, construction, road traffic, fuel combustion can discharge a huge sum of money into atmosphere
Belong to, these pollution sources carry out migration and variation again under certain meteorological condition, substantially show as what source each other was converged in pollution
Feature.
(2) heavy metal becomes permanent potential pollution substance once entering environmental system, and conversion in the environment is only
The change being related between different valence state, cannot be by biological decomposition.Atmosphere heavy metal is to be inputted to the ecosystem with enriching heavy metal most
One of important exogenous factor, and all multi-metals such as cadmium, chromium, nickel etc. have a carcinogenicity, eventually by directly intake or biology
Food chain transmitting endangers human health.
(3) the numerous chemical substances of atmosphere heavy metal pollution object energy catalysis oxidation, are catalyzed the photochemical reaction of atmosphere organic matter,
Influence atmosphere pollution conversion, with the synergistic effect of persistence organic pollutant can also generate it is very strong cooperate with toxicity work
With being detrimental to health.
The detection method of current atmosphere heavy metal pollution mainly has: plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES),
Atomic absorption spectrography (AAS) (AAS), x ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), Atomic fluorophotometry (AFS), inductively coupled plasma body
Mass spectrography (ICP-MS) etc..CN201410145613.4 discloses an a kind of atmosphere huge sum of money based on laser induced breakdown spectroscopy
Belong to pollutant collecting and detecting device, the big gas suspension containing heavy metal element is made using atmosphere heavy metal pollution object acquisition system
Grain object is attached to solid filter membrane, and metastable aerosol lamination is formed on solid filter membrane, and aerosol includes being suspended in atmosphere
In various solia particles and liquid molecule.On the laser beam induced breakdown solid filter membrane for recycling laser to issue
Aerosol lamination forms high-temperature plasma, the plasma light spectrum signal that aerosol is generated by spectral detection system into
Row analysis, obtains the type and content information of heavy metal element in atmosphere suspended pollution particulate matter, to determine the heavy metal of atmosphere
Pollute journey.It is detected, and is required based on complicated detecting instrument in laboratory environment however, the above method is all only limited,
It can not accomplish outdoor real-time detection.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome existing atmosphere heavy metal pollution to detect existing defect and deficiency,
A kind of bion atmosphere heavy metal pollution detection discriminating gear is provided.The device is embedded in testing location or is placed in ground
On, being adsorbed to after withered and death occurs in plants on surface living body can be taken off, by the color status of lower part sebific duct, according to color
The table of comparisons can judge atmosphere heavy metal pollution situation.
The first purpose of the invention is to provide a kind of bion atmosphere heavy metal pollutions to detect discriminating gear.
Above-mentioned purpose of the invention is to give realization by the following technical programs:
A kind of bion atmosphere heavy metal pollution detection discriminating gear, the container of box body 1 and upper opening including opened upper end
2；Pollution element absorption plant living body unit 3, humus unit 4, migration of element are from top to bottom disposed in the box body 1
With pollution element chelating unit 5 and ion-exchange unit 6；The pollution element absorption plant living body unit 3 parasitizes humic
On matter unit 4, the migration of element and pollution element chelating unit 5 are coated on 4 lower surface of humus unit, the ion exchange
Unit 6 is set to 1 bottom of box body；1 bottom of box body is equipped with through hole 11, and container 2 can by through hole 11 and 1 lower surface of box body
Disassembly is tightly connected；Pollution element judgement unit 7 is equipped in the container 2.
The box body 1 is used to carry most of unit of present invention detection discriminating gear, while passing through box body for each list
Member is kept apart with ambient enviroment, to prevent the interference of ambient enviroment.The pollution element absorption plant living body unit 3 is absorption
Property plant living body unit, can be by body for the adsorptivity of heavy metal element in atmosphere, by heavy metal member in contaminated air
Element absorption is fixed in plant living body cell；The humus unit 4 is used to maintain pollution element absorption plant living body unit 3
The medium of growth and heavy metal element migration, exchange；The migration of element and pollution element chelating unit 5 are by migration of element material
It forms, can be regulated and controled by moisture carrier migration and osmotic pressure by the control and exchange of Water Transport with pollution element chelating agent
The intracellular heavy metal element of plant living body is adsorbed in transport materials, and pollution element chelating agent and ion-exchange unit 6
In ion exchange material composition pollution element capture system, the vertical distribution accumulated in transport materials is passed through into perforation
Hole 11 is transferred in pollution element judgement unit 7, is reacted with the material in judgement unit 7, to be differentiated.Then lead to
Cross the accurate quantification that judgement unit 6 is disassembled and carries out next step.
Preferably, the height of the box body 1 is slightly above humus unit 4.Just to surround humus unit, and will not
It blocks based on pollution element absorption plant living body unit 3.
Preferably, it is provided with support base 8 on the box body 1, is used to support entire atmosphere heavy metal pollution detection and differentiates dress
It sets.
Preferably, the container 2 is made of transparent material, convenient for observing the reaction of pollution element judgement unit 7 in time
Situation.
Preferably, the pollution element judgement unit 7 be by element information spreading agent, differentiate auxiliary material, stabilizer and
The differentiation solution of heavy metal ion probe material composition.Specifically, the vertical distribution being adsorbed onto is transferred to element letter
It ceases in spreading agent, by the dissolution of element information spreading agent, peptizaiton, pollution element is uniformly dissolved and is dispersed in it
Pollution element information is amplified and is spread by portion, the weight that last heavy metal ion probe material can will contain in element information spreading agent
Contamination metal elements information is received and is read, and is expressed vertical distribution information by color channel, from
And complete the identification and detection to Heavy Metal Pollution in atmosphere.
It is highly preferred that the element information spreading agent is acetone, phthalic acid or 4-methyl-2 pentanone, polarizability model
Enclose is 4.2~6.5%.
It is highly preferred that the differentiation auxiliary material is anion-polyacrylamide flocculant or anionic aluminum sulfate
Flocculant, flocculant surface area are 600~1000m2/g。
It is highly preferred that the heavy metal ion probe material is acrylic fibers base weight metal ion probe, porphyryl heavy metal
Ion fluorescence probe or naphthalimide heavy metal ion fluorescence probe differentiate 8~16s of time.
Preferably, the pollution element absorption plant living body unit 3 is volume pinnacle born of the same parents moss, semi-finished herba abri, more pleat blueness moss
Or Taxiphyllum taxirameum (Mitt.) Fleisch, niche breadth range are 5cm × 5cm~15cm × 15cm.
Preferably, the migration of element material in the migration of element and pollution element chelating unit 5 is potato starch
It is grafted xanthate, starch graft acrylamide or organic phosphate starch；25mL rate of water absorption range is 23 ~ 35s, unit water suction
Amount range is 410~720g/g.
Preferably, the pollution element chelating agent in the migration of element and pollution element chelating unit 5 is ethylenediamine tetrem
Acid, sawdust cellulose xanthate or nitrilotriacetic acid trisodium salt, chelating capacity range are 2.2~4.3 mmol/g.
Preferably, the migration of element and pollution element chelating unit 5 are divided for bilevel 51 He of migration of element unit
Plain chelating unit 52.
Preferably, ion-exchange unit 6 is macrovoid ion exchange resin.Such as D404 macrovoid polystyrene ion is handed over
Resin, D354 macrovoid styrene ion exchange resin or D296 macrovoid styrene ion exchange resin are changed, tree is moistened
The average pore size scope of rouge is 2~6nm.
Bion atmosphere heavy metal pollution described in any of the above-described of the present invention detects the preparation method of discriminating gear mainly such as
Under:
(1) the moss living body for parasitizing humus is cut to size and is square shape, humus bottom carried out appropriate smooth
Processing, and even spread quantitative elemental transport materials and pollution element chelating agent；
(2) one layer of ion exchange material is first filled in the box body bottom of opened upper end, then places step (1) above it and obtains
Then each unit layer opens up a miniature hole in box body lower surface；
(3) it will differentiate that auxiliary material and stabilizer are dissolved in element information spreading agent, be configured to stable differentiation solution for making
With；
(4) a small-sized sealing plastic tube is connected on the hole of box body lower part, and filling differentiates solution and a huge sum of money inside it
Belong to ion probe material, and guarantee the sealing of plastic tube, prevents external substance from entering.
Meanwhile bion atmosphere heavy metal pollution detection discriminating gear of the present invention is in atmosphere heavy metal pollution detection
Application also in the scope of the present invention.
In use, the device is embedded in testing location or is placed on ground, it is withered to be adsorbed to the appearance of surface moss living body
It withers and can be taken off small-sized sealing plastic tube after dead, it, can be right according to the color table of comparisons by the color status of lower part sebific duct
Atmosphere heavy metal pollution situation judges.By the color table of comparisons, the relative quantification of atmosphere heavy metal pollution situation can be obtained
Analysis is as a result, closer, can will differentiate that solution takes out, and carries out more accurate quantitative analysis by detecting instrument.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
The present invention provides a kind of bion atmosphere heavy metal pollutions to detect discriminating gear, by adsorptivity plant living body to atmosphere
Middle vertical distribution is captured and is accumulated, and realizes weight by the coordinated of ion exchange material and migration of element material
The transmission and migration of metallic element, element information expand material and can expand heavy metal element micromessage, and pass through weight
Metal ion probe material differentiates that the differentiation system of the compositions such as auxiliary material and stabilizer reads and differentiate atmosphere heavy metal pollution
Element, to complete the detection and differentiation for atmosphere heavy metal pollution situation.The device is embedded in testing location or placement
In ground surface, being adsorbed to after withered and death occurs in plants on surface living body be can be taken off, and pass through the color status of lower part sebific duct, root
Atmosphere heavy metal pollution situation can be judged according to the color table of comparisons.The acquisition of device collection pollution element and inspection of the present invention
It surveys in one, the structure of the detecting device is simple, and tests and analyzes without additional instrument, and testing result is very clear；This hair
Bright detection device is using biological living as carrier, beneficial environmental properties with higher, does not need additionally to energize, is highly suitable for open air
The real-time monitoring of atmosphere heavy metal pollution.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram that bion atmosphere heavy metal pollution of the present invention detects discriminating gear.
Fig. 2 is that the bion atmosphere heavy metal pollution of the embodiment of the present invention 1 detects the schematic diagram of discriminating gear.
Fig. 3 is the concrete structure schematic diagram of 1 migration of element and pollution element chelating unit of the embodiment of the present invention.
Caption: 1- box body；2- container；3- pollution element adsorbs plant living body unit；4- humus unit；5- migration of element
With pollution element chelating unit；6- ion-exchange unit；7- pollution element judgement unit；8- support base；11- through hole；51- member
Plain migration units；52- element chelating unit.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with Figure of description and specific embodiment, but embodiment is not to the present invention
It limits in any form.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 2,3, a kind of bion atmosphere heavy metal pollution detects discriminating gear, box body 1 including opened upper end and upper
The transparent sealing plastic tube 2 of portion's opening；Pollution element absorption plant living body unit is from top to bottom disposed in the box body 1
3, humus unit 4, migration of element and pollution element chelating unit 5 and ion-exchange unit 6, the height of the box body 1 with
4 upper surface of humus unit flushes；The pollution element absorption plant living body unit 3 parasitizes on humus unit 4, the member
Element migration and pollution element chelating unit 5 are coated on 4 lower surface of humus unit, migration of element and pollution element chelating unit 5
It is divided into bilevel migration of element unit 51 and element chelating unit 52；The filling of ion-exchange unit 6 is set to 1 bottom of box body
Portion；1 bottom of box body is equipped with through hole 11, and transparent sealing plastic tube 2 is detachably close by through hole 11 and 1 lower surface of box body
Envelope connection；Pollution element judgement unit 7 is equipped in the container 2, the pollution element judgement unit 7 is to be extended by element information
Agent, the differentiation solution for differentiating auxiliary material, stabilizer and heavy metal ion probe material composition.Meanwhile it being set on the box body 1
It is equipped with support base 8, is used to support entire atmosphere heavy metal pollution detection discriminating gear.
As a kind of preferably embodiment, the pollution element absorption plant living body unit 3 is volume pinnacle born of the same parents moss, hair
Sharp Hosta ventricosa moss, more pleat blueness moss or Taxiphyllum taxirameum (Mitt.) Fleisch, niche breadth range are 5cm × 5cm~15cm × 15cm.
As a kind of preferably embodiment, the element in the migration of element and pollution element chelating unit 5 is moved
Moving material is potato starch graft xanthate, starch graft acrylamide or organic phosphate starch；25mL rate of water absorption model
It encloses for 23~35s, specific water absorption range is 410~720g/g.
A kind of pollution element as preferably embodiment, in the migration of element and pollution element chelating unit 5
Chelating agent is ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid, sawdust cellulose xanthate or nitrilotriacetic acid trisodium salt, and chelating capacity range is 2.2~4.3
mmol /g。
As a kind of preferably embodiment, the ion-exchange unit 6 is macrovoid ion exchange resin.Such as
D404 macrovoid styrene ion exchange resin, D354 macrovoid styrene ion exchange resin or D296 macrovoid benzene second
Alkene system ion exchange resin, the average pore size scope of wet resin are 2~6nm.
As a kind of preferably embodiment, the element information spreading agent is acetone, phthalic acid or 4- methyl-
2 pentanone, polarizability range are 4.2~6.5%.
As a kind of preferably embodiment, the differentiation auxiliary material is anion-polyacrylamide flocculant
Or anionic sulfuric acid aluminium flocculating agent, flocculant surface area are 600~1000m2/g。
As a kind of preferably embodiment, the heavy metal ion probe material is the spy of acrylic fibers base weight metal ion
Needle, porphyryl heavy metal ion fluorescence probe or naphthalimide heavy metal ion fluorescence probe differentiate 8~16s of time.
The box body is mainly used for carrying most of unit of present invention detection discriminating gear, while will be each by box body
Unit is kept apart with ambient enviroment, to prevent the interference of ambient enviroment.The pollution element absorption plant living body unit is to inhale
Attached property plant living body unit, can be by body for the adsorptivity of heavy metal element in atmosphere, by heavy metal in contaminated air
Element absorption is fixed in plant living body cell；The humus unit is used to maintain pollution element absorption plant living body unit
The medium of growth and heavy metal element migration, exchange；Again by the control and exchange of Water Transport, by moisture carrier migration and
The intracellular heavy metal element of plant living body is adsorbed in migration of element unit by osmotic pressure regulation, and pollution element chelating unit
System, the huge sum of money that will be accumulated in migration of element unit are captured with the ion exchange material composition pollution element in ion-exchange unit
Belong to pollution element to be transferred in pollution element judgement unit by through hole；The vertical distribution being adsorbed onto is transferred to member
In prime information spreading agent, by the dissolution of element information spreading agent, peptizaiton, pollution element is uniformly dissolved and is dispersed to
Inside it, pollution element information is amplified and is spread, last heavy metal ion probe material can will contain in element information spreading agent
Vertical distribution information received and read, and by color channel by vertical distribution information carry out table
It reaches, to complete the identification and detection to Heavy Metal Pollution in atmosphere.
The preparation method of the bion atmosphere heavy metal pollution detection discriminating gear is mainly as follows:
(1) the moss living body for parasitizing humus is cut to size and is square shape, humus bottom carried out appropriate smooth
Processing, and even spread quantitative elemental transport materials and pollution element chelating agent；
(2) one layer of ion exchange material is first filled in the box body bottom of opened upper end, then places step (1) above it and obtains
Then elementary layer opens up a miniature hole in box body lower surface；
(3) it will differentiate that auxiliary material and stabilizer are dissolved in element information spreading agent, be configured to stable differentiation solution for making
With；
(4) a small-sized sealing plastic tube is connected on the hole of box body lower part, and filling differentiates solution and a huge sum of money inside it
Belong to ion probe material, and guarantee the sealing of plastic tube, prevents external substance from entering.
In use, the device is embedded in testing location or is placed on ground, it is withered to be adsorbed to the appearance of surface moss living body
It withers and can be taken off small-sized sealing plastic tube after dead, it, can be right according to the color table of comparisons by the color status of lower part sebific duct
Atmosphere heavy metal pollution situation judges.By the color table of comparisons, the relative quantification of atmosphere heavy metal pollution situation can be obtained
Analysis is as a result, closer, can will differentiate that solution takes out, and carries out more accurate quantitative analysis by detecting instrument.
It can be to the heavy metal pollution in atmosphere using bion atmosphere heavy metal pollution detection discriminating gear of the invention
Element carries out good differentiation and detection, and heavy metal element migration, exchange process are stablized, and heavy metal element detection is swift in response,
It is short the time required to color stability, it can quickly identify vertical distribution type in atmosphere, and make substantially to pollution level
Judgement and evaluation, have good atmosphere heavy metal pollution detection and evaluation effect, meanwhile, such material is with biological living
Carrier, beneficial environmental properties with higher.The present invention, which detects atmospheric environment and protects, has particularly important meaning, invention tool
There is apparent novelty.
The above is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, not does any restrictions to the present invention, all according to invention skill
Art any simple modification substantially to the above embodiments, change and equivalent structural changes, still fall within the technology of the present invention
In the protection scope of scheme.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of bion atmosphere heavy metal pollution detects discriminating gear, which is characterized in that box body (1) including opened upper end and
The container (2) of upper opening；From top to bottom be disposed in the box body (1) pollution element absorption plant living body unit (3),
Humus unit (4), migration of element and pollution element chelating unit (5) and ion-exchange unit (6)；The pollution element is inhaled
Attached plant living body unit (3) parasitizes on humus unit (4), the migration of element and pollution element chelating unit (5) coating
In humus unit (4) lower surface, the ion-exchange unit (6) is set to box body (1) bottom；Box body (1) bottom is equipped with
Through hole (11), container (2) are connect by through hole (11) with box body (1) lower surface removable seal；It is set in the container (2)
There are pollution element judgement unit (7).
2. bion atmosphere heavy metal pollution according to claim 1 detects discriminating gear, which is characterized in that the box body
(1) height is slightly above humus unit (4).
3. bion atmosphere heavy metal pollution according to claim 1 detects discriminating gear, which is characterized in that the box body
(1) support base (8) are provided on.
4. bion atmosphere heavy metal pollution according to claim 1 detects discriminating gear, which is characterized in that the pollution
Element judgement unit (7) is by element information spreading agent, differentiates that auxiliary material, stabilizer and heavy metal ion probe material form
Differentiation solution.
5. bion atmosphere heavy metal pollution according to claim 1 detects discriminating gear, which is characterized in that the pollution
It is volume pinnacle born of the same parents moss, semi-finished herba abri, more pleat blueness moss or Taxiphyllum taxirameum (Mitt.) Fleisch that element, which adsorbs plant living body unit (3),.
6. bion atmosphere heavy metal pollution according to claim 1 detects discriminating gear, which is characterized in that the member
It is potato starch graft xanthate that element, which is migrated with the migration of element material in pollution element chelating unit (5), starch-grafted
Acrylamide or organic phosphate starch.
7. bion atmosphere heavy metal pollution according to claim 1 detects discriminating gear, which is characterized in that the element
Pollution element chelating agent in migration and pollution element chelating unit (5) is ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid, sawdust cellulose xanthate or secondary nitrogen
Base triacetic acid trisodium salt.
8. bion atmosphere heavy metal pollution according to claim 1 detects discriminating gear, which is characterized in that it is described from
Sub- crosspoint (6) is macrovoid ion exchange resin.
9. the preparation method of any one of the claim 1~8 bion atmosphere heavy metal pollution detection discriminating gear, feature
It is, includes the following steps:
S1. pollution element absorption plant living body unit plantation is moved on humus, then in humus bottom even spread element
Move material and pollution element chelating agent；
(2) first fill one layer of ion exchange material in the box body bottom of opened upper end, then on it place step S1 obtain it is each
Then elementary layer opens up a perforation hole in box body lower surface；
(3) it will differentiate that auxiliary material and stabilizer are dissolved in element information spreading agent, be configured to stable differentiation solution for making
With；
(4) a small-sized sealing plastic tube is connected on the hole of box body lower part, and filling differentiates solution and a huge sum of money inside it
Belong to ion probe material.
10. any one of the claim 1~8 bion atmosphere heavy metal pollution detection discriminating gear is in atmosphere heavy metal pollution
Application in detection.
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| CN201811647610.5A CN109541149B (en) | 2018-12-29 | 2018-12-29 | Biological type atmospheric heavy metal pollution detection and discrimination device and application |
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| CN201811647610.5A CN109541149B (en) | 2018-12-29 | 2018-12-29 | Biological type atmospheric heavy metal pollution detection and discrimination device and application |
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| CN116680991A (en) * | 2023-07-26 | 2023-09-01 | 南京大学 | DNAPL pollution source area identification method and system in clay-sand medium |
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