CN109540516B - Rolling bearing equivalent friction coefficient measuring device and method - Google Patents
Rolling bearing equivalent friction coefficient measuring device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109540516B CN109540516B CN201811283092.3A CN201811283092A CN109540516B CN 109540516 B CN109540516 B CN 109540516B CN 201811283092 A CN201811283092 A CN 201811283092A CN 109540516 B CN109540516 B CN 109540516B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
- G01M13/04—Bearings
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
Abstract
The invention discloses a rolling bearing equivalent friction coefficient measuring device which comprises a machine body, an air floatation main shaft assembly, a mandrel, a sliding table, a bearing seat, a rotating speed sensor and a data acquisition/processing/calculating/displaying system. The air floatation spindle assembly comprises an air floatation spindle base body and an air floatation spindle; the air-float main shaft matrix is fixedly connected with the machine body, and the mandrel is connected with the air-float main shaft through conical surface matching; the inner ring of the rolling bearing to be measured is arranged on the shaft shoulder of the mandrel, and the outer ring of the rolling bearing to be measured is arranged on the shoulder of the bearing seat; the bearing seat is fixedly connected with the sliding table; the sliding table can translate along the axial direction of the air floatation main shaft under the guidance of the guide component; the data acquisition/processing/calculation/display system is used for acquiring and processing the angular speed signal of the mandrel or the air floatation main shaft monitored by the rotating speed sensor and calculating the equivalent friction moment and the equivalent friction coefficient of the rolling bearing to be measured. The measuring device has the capability of rapidly and precisely measuring the equivalent friction moment and the equivalent friction coefficient of the rolling bearing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of friction energy consumption characteristic test of rolling bearings, and relates to a device and a method for measuring equivalent friction coefficient of a rolling bearing.
Background
The friction energy consumption in the running process of the rolling bearing directly influences the heating, temperature rise, abrasion and the like of the bearing, thereby influencing the performance and the service life of the rolling bearing. The friction energy consumption characteristic of a rolling bearing is an inherent characteristic of the rolling bearing itself, and reflects the manufacturing quality and cleanliness of the rolling bearing to some extent.
At present, starting friction energy consumption and rotating friction energy consumption of the rolling bearing are evaluated by adopting starting friction moment and rotating friction moment respectively, and the starting friction moment and the rotating friction moment of the rolling bearing to be measured are measured by using various rolling bearing friction moment measuring devices.
Because the starting friction moment and the rotating friction moment of the rolling bearing under the test condition are smaller in amplitude, the micro-force or micro-moment sensor used by the conventional rolling bearing friction moment measuring device is obviously insufficient in precision when high-precision measurement is carried out. Therefore, there is a need to develop a novel measuring device for detecting the friction energy consumption characteristics of the rolling bearing.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the invention provides a device and a method for measuring equivalent friction coefficients of an angular contact ball bearing, a thrust ball bearing and a single-row tapered roller bearing. The rolling bearing comprises an angular contact ball bearing, a thrust ball bearing and a single-row tapered roller bearing. In the invention, the rolling bearing to be measured is abstracted into a virtual sliding bearing with a constant contact angle and a sliding matching surface passing through the center of the rolling body of the rolling bearing to be measured, namely the virtual sliding bearing is a virtual sliding bearing with a contact angle equal to the bearing feeler of the rolling bearing to be measured and a sliding matching surface passing through the center of the rolling body of the rolling bearing to be measured, and the inner ring of the virtual sliding bearing and the outer ring of the virtual sliding bearing form a sliding friction pair at the sliding matching surface. And under the same measurement working condition as the corresponding rolling bearing to be measured, the friction power consumption of the sliding friction pair is equal to that of the rolling bearing to be measured, the friction power of the sliding friction pair is equal to the product of the sliding friction moment of the sliding friction pair and the revolving angular speed of the virtual sliding bearing, and the sliding friction moment of the sliding friction pair is equal to the product of the radius of the middle part of the sliding matching surface, the normal load at the sliding matching surface and the friction coefficient of the sliding friction pair. And the sliding friction moment of the sliding friction pair is recorded as the equivalent friction moment of the rolling bearing to be tested, and the sliding friction coefficient of the sliding friction pair is recorded as the equivalent friction coefficient of the rolling bearing to be tested. The equivalent friction coefficient of the invention objectively reflects the manufacturing quality and the cleaning degree of the rolling bearing to be tested, and belongs to the inherent characteristics of the rolling bearing to be tested. The device for measuring the equivalent friction coefficient of the rolling bearing has the capability of rapidly and precisely measuring the equivalent friction coefficient of the rolling bearing.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a rolling bearing equivalent friction coefficient measuring device, which comprises a machine body, an air floatation main shaft assembly, a mandrel, a sliding table, a rotating speed sensor and a data acquisition/processing/calculating/displaying system; the air floatation main shaft assembly comprises an air floatation main shaft matrix and an air floatation main shaft; the air floatation main shaft matrix is fixedly connected with the machine body, and one end of the mandrel is matched with the air floatation main shaft through a conical surface or is connected with the air floatation main shaft through a coupling; a rolling bearing mounting structure to be tested is arranged between the other end of the mandrel and the sliding table; the rolling bearing mounting structure to be tested has the following two different structures:
the first structure is: the rolling bearing mounting structure comprises a shaft shoulder arranged at the end part of the mandrel and used for mounting an inner ring of the rolling bearing to be tested, a bearing seat used for mounting an outer ring of the rolling bearing to be tested is fixed on the sliding table, the bearing seat is provided with an inner cylindrical surface matched with the outer cylindrical surface of the outer ring of the rolling bearing to be tested and an outer ring retaining shoulder, and the inner cylindrical surface is coaxial with the air floatation main shaft; the rotating shaft system of the measuring device is formed by the components including the air floatation main shaft component, the mandrel and the rolling bearing to be measured, and the moving part on the rotating shaft system comprises the air floatation main shaft, the mandrel, the inner ring of the rolling bearing to be measured, the rolling body of the rolling bearing to be measured and the retainer of the rolling bearing to be measured;
the second structure is: the mounting structure of the rolling bearing to be tested comprises a bearing seat which is fixed at the shaft shoulder of the end part of the mandrel and is used for mounting the outer ring of the rolling bearing to be tested, and the bearing seat is provided with an inner cylindrical surface matched with the outer cylindrical surface of the outer ring of the rolling bearing to be tested and an outer ring shoulder; the sliding table is fixedly provided with a loading shaft for installing an inner ring of the rolling bearing to be tested, the loading shaft is provided with an outer cylindrical surface matched with an inner cylindrical surface of the inner ring of the rolling bearing to be tested and an inner ring shaft shoulder, and the outer cylindrical surface is coaxial with the air floatation main shaft; the rotating shaft system of the measuring device is formed by the components including the air floatation main shaft component, the mandrel, the bearing seat and the rolling bearing to be measured, wherein a moving part on the rotating shaft system comprises the air floatation main shaft, the mandrel, the bearing seat, an outer ring of the rolling bearing to be measured, rolling bodies of the rolling bearing to be measured and a retainer of the rolling bearing to be measured;
the sliding table is driven by external force to translate along the axial direction of the air floatation main shaft; the rotating speed sensor is used for monitoring the angular speed of the mandrel or the air floatation main shaft; the data acquisition/processing/calculation/display system is used for acquiring and processing the angular speed signal of the mandrel or the air floatation main shaft monitored by the rotating speed sensor and calculating and displaying the equivalent friction moment and the equivalent friction coefficient of the rolling bearing to be measured.
In the invention, the revolving shaft system is preferably in a vertical layout, and the axis of the air floatation main shaft is vertical to the horizontal plane.
When the equivalent friction coefficient measuring device for the rolling bearing is used for measuring the equivalent friction coefficient, a power device is arranged on one side of the machine body, an output shaft of the power device is connected with or separated from the free end of the air floatation main shaft through a clutch device, an axial loading device is arranged on one side of the sliding table, and the measuring method comprises the following steps:
step one, connecting one end of a mandrel with an air floatation main shaft through conical surface fit or a coupler; moving the sliding table, installing the rolling bearing to be tested in a rolling bearing installation structure to be tested between the mandrel and the sliding table, adopting the structure, installing an inner ring of the rolling bearing to be tested at a shaft shoulder at the other end of the mandrel, and installing an outer ring of the rolling bearing to be tested at an outer ring shoulder of the bearing seat; when the structure II is adopted, the bearing seat is arranged at the shaft shoulder of the other end of the mandrel, the outer ring of the rolling bearing to be tested is arranged at the outer ring shoulder of the bearing seat, and the inner ring of the rolling bearing to be tested is arranged at the inner ring shaft shoulder of the loading shaft;
according to the type and the size of the rolling bearing to be measured, according to the rolling bearing friction moment measurement standard, such as the national standard of the people's republic of China GB/T32562-2016, the axial loading device applies a specified axial load to the outer ring of the rolling bearing to be measured through a sliding table and a bearing seat;
step three, the power device drives the air floatation main shaft to rotate through the clutch device, and the air floatation main shaft, the mandrel and the inner ring of the rolling bearing to be tested keep synchronous rotation when the structure is adopted; when the structure II is adopted, the air floatation main shaft, the mandrel and the outer ring of the rolling bearing to be tested keep synchronous rotation; the data acquisition/processing/calculation/display system acquires and processes the angular velocity signal of the mandrel or the air floatation main shaft from the rotation speed sensor, and calculates and displays the angular velocity of the mandrel;
step four, gradually increasing the rotation speeds of the air-floating main shaft and the mandrel to a given value, after the running speed is stable, separating the output shaft of the power device from the air-floating main shaft by the clutch device, and gradually attenuating the rotation speeds of the air-floating main shaft and the mandrel under the friction power consumption action of the rolling bearing to be tested until the air-floating main shaft and the mandrel stop rotating, wherein the data acquisition/processing/calculation/display system obtains the numerical relation of the angular speed-time of the mandrel;
step five, calculating the motion speeds and the kinetic energies of all the moving parts on the rotary shaft system by a data acquisition/processing/calculating/displaying system to obtain the numerical relation of the total kinetic energy-time of the rotary shaft system; the numerical relation of the total kinetic energy-time of the rotary shaft system is derived, and the derivative of the numerical relation of the total kinetic energy-time of the rotary shaft system at a certain moment in time is the reduction rate of the total kinetic energy of the rotary shaft system and is the friction power of the rolling bearing to be measured at the moment corresponding to the angular speed; the quotient obtained by dividing the friction power of the rolling bearing to be measured by the angular velocity value is the equivalent friction moment of the rolling bearing to be measured under the angular velocity, and the quotient obtained by dividing the equivalent friction moment of the rolling bearing to be measured by the product of the middle radius R of the sliding matching surface of the virtual sliding bearing corresponding to the rolling bearing to be measured and the normal load at the sliding matching surface is the equivalent friction coefficient of the rolling bearing to be measured under the angular velocity; the normal load at the sliding fit surface is equivalent to the normal component of the axial load born by the corresponding rolling bearing to be tested at the sliding fit surface; when the angular speeds of the air floatation main shaft and the mandrel tend to zero, the corresponding equivalent friction moment and equivalent friction coefficient are equivalent to the starting equivalent friction moment and the starting equivalent friction coefficient of the rolling bearing to be tested.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
on one hand, the angular velocity measurement precision of the rotating speed sensor is far higher than that of a micro-force or micro-force distance sensor adopted by the traditional rolling bearing friction moment measurement device; on the other hand, all moving parts on the rotary shaft system have regular geometric shapes, known highly accurate dimensions and masses, definite movement modes and accurate movement speeds, so that the total kinetic energy of the rotary shaft system has high calculation accuracy. Therefore, the equivalent friction moment and the equivalent friction coefficient of the rolling bearing to be measured have extremely high measurement and calculation accuracy.
Furthermore, the invention can further improve the measurement precision of the angular speed of the rotary shaft system by increasing the mass of the moving part on the rotary shaft system to improve the initial kinetic energy of the rotary shaft system and prolong the decay time of the angular speed of the rotary shaft system, thereby improving the measurement and calculation precision of the equivalent friction moment and the equivalent friction coefficient of the rolling bearing to be measured.
Drawings
FIG. 1-1 is a schematic view of the structure of a measured angular contact ball bearing;
FIG. 1-2 is a schematic view of a virtual sliding bearing corresponding to the angular contact ball bearing of FIG. 1-1;
FIG. 2-1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a thrust ball bearing under test;
FIG. 2-2 is a schematic view of a virtual sliding bearing corresponding to the thrust ball bearing under test shown in FIG. 2-1;
FIG. 3-1 is a schematic structural view of a single row tapered roller bearing under test;
FIG. 3-2 is a schematic view of a virtual sliding bearing corresponding to the single row tapered roller bearing under test shown in FIG. 3-1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic partial structural diagram and a schematic measuring diagram of a first technical scheme of a rolling bearing equivalent friction coefficient measuring device;
fig. 5 is a schematic partial structural diagram and a schematic measuring diagram of a second technical scheme of a rolling bearing equivalent friction coefficient measuring device.
In the figure:
1-an inner ring;
2-an outer ring;
3-rolling elements;
an inner ring of a 4-virtual sliding bearing;
5-an outer race of a virtual sliding bearing;
6-sliding mating surfaces;
7-a fuselage;
8-an air floatation main shaft matrix;
9-an air floatation main shaft;
10-a mandrel;
11-shaft shoulders;
12-sliding table;
13-bearing seats;
14-inner cylindrical surface
15-an outer ring shoulder;
16-loading shaft;
17-outer cylindrical surface
18-an inner ring shaft shoulder;
the radius of the middle part of the R-sliding matching surface;
contact angle of a-measured rolling bearing.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the embodiments of the drawings. The embodiments described by referring to the drawings are exemplary and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. The dimensions, materials, shapes, relative arrangements, and the like of the constituent parts described in the following embodiments are not limited to those described specifically.
The rolling bearing in the present invention includes an angular contact ball bearing, a thrust ball bearing and a single row tapered roller bearing, and fig. 1-1 shows the structure of the angular contact ball bearing, fig. 2-1 shows the structure of the thrust ball bearing, and fig. 3-1 shows the structure of the single row tapered roller bearing. In the invention, the rolling bearing to be measured is abstracted into a virtual sliding bearing with a constant contact angle and a sliding matching surface 6 passing through the center of the rolling body 3 of the rolling bearing to be measured, namely the virtual sliding bearing is a virtual sliding bearing with a contact angle equal to the bearing feeler alpha of the rolling bearing to be measured and a sliding matching surface 6 passing through the center of the rolling body 3 of the rolling bearing to be measured, the virtual sliding bearing corresponding to the angular contact ball bearing to be measured shown in the figure 1-1 is shown in the figure 1-2, the virtual sliding bearing corresponding to the thrust ball bearing to be measured shown in the figure 2-1 is shown in the figure 2-2, the virtual sliding bearing corresponding to the single-row tapered roller bearing to be measured shown in the figure 3-1 is shown in the figure 3-2, and the inner ring 4 of the virtual sliding bearing and the outer ring 5 of the virtual sliding bearing form a sliding friction pair at the sliding matching surface 6. And under the same measurement working condition as the corresponding rolling bearing to be measured, the friction power consumption of the sliding friction pair is equal to that of the rolling bearing to be measured, the friction power of the sliding friction pair is equal to the product of the sliding friction moment of the sliding friction pair and the revolving angular speed of the virtual sliding bearing, and the sliding friction moment of the sliding friction pair is equal to the product of the middle radius R of the sliding matching surface, the normal load at the position of the sliding matching surface 6 and the friction coefficient of the sliding friction pair. And the sliding friction moment of the sliding friction pair is recorded as the equivalent friction moment of the rolling bearing to be tested, and the sliding friction coefficient of the sliding friction pair is recorded as the equivalent friction coefficient of the rolling bearing to be tested.
Fig. 4 shows a first technical solution of a rolling bearing equivalent friction coefficient measuring device according to the present invention, which comprises a machine body 7, an air-bearing spindle assembly, a spindle 10, a sliding table 12, a bearing seat 13, a rotation speed sensor (not shown in the figure) and a data acquisition/processing/calculation/display system (not shown in the figure).
The air floating main shaft assembly comprises an air floating main shaft base body 8 and an air floating main shaft 9; the air-floating main shaft matrix 8 is fixedly connected with the machine body 7, and the air-floating main shaft connecting end of the mandrel 10 is connected with the air-floating main shaft 9 through conical surface fit (or is connected with the air-floating main shaft 9 through a coupler) so as to ensure that the air-floating main shaft 9 and the mandrel 10 are coaxial and transmit torque, axial load and rotary motion without loss. A rolling bearing mounting structure to be tested is arranged between the other end of the mandrel 10 and the sliding table; the rolling bearing mounting structure comprises a shaft shoulder 11 which is arranged at the end part of the mandrel 10 and is used for mounting an inner ring 1 of the rolling bearing to be tested, a bearing seat 13 which is used for mounting an outer ring 2 of the rolling bearing to be tested is fixed on the sliding table 12, the bearing seat 13 is provided with an inner cylindrical surface 14 which is matched with the outer cylindrical surface of the outer ring 2 of the rolling bearing to be tested and an outer ring shoulder 15, and the inner cylindrical surface 14 is coaxial with the air floatation main shaft 9; the sliding table 12 can translate along the axial direction of the air floatation spindle 9 under the drive of external force and the guidance of a guide component (not shown in the figure); the components comprising the air-floating main shaft assembly, the mandrel 10 and the rolling bearing to be measured form a rotary shaft system of the measuring device, and the moving parts on the rotary shaft system comprise the air-floating main shaft 9, the mandrel 10, the inner ring 1 of the rolling bearing to be measured, the rolling body 3 of the rolling bearing to be measured and a retainer (not shown in the figure) of the rolling bearing to be measured; if the mandrel 10 is connected with the air floatation main shaft 9 through a coupler, the rotary shaft system further comprises the coupler, and the moving part on the rotary shaft system further comprises the coupler; the rotating speed sensor is used for monitoring the angular speed of the mandrel 10 or the air floatation main shaft 9; the data acquisition/processing/calculation/display system is used for acquiring and processing the angular velocity signal of the mandrel 10 or the air floatation main shaft 9 monitored by the rotation speed sensor, calculating the equivalent friction moment and the equivalent friction coefficient of the rolling bearing to be measured, and displaying related information.
The second technical scheme of the rolling bearing equivalent friction coefficient measuring device is different from the first technical scheme in that the other end of the mandrel 10 is different from the mounting structure of the rolling bearing to be measured, which is arranged between the sliding table and the other end of the mandrel.
Fig. 5 shows a second embodiment of the rolling bearing equivalent friction coefficient measuring device according to the present invention, which comprises a machine body 7, an air-bearing spindle assembly, a spindle 10, a sliding table 12, a bearing block 13, a rotational speed sensor (not shown), and a data acquisition/processing/calculation/display system (not shown).
The air floating main shaft assembly comprises an air floating main shaft base body 8 and an air floating main shaft 9; the air-floating main shaft matrix 8 is fixedly connected with the machine body 7, and the air-floating main shaft connecting end of the mandrel 10 is connected with the air-floating main shaft 9 through conical surface fit (or is connected with the air-floating main shaft 9 through a coupler) so as to ensure that the air-floating main shaft 9 and the mandrel 10 are coaxial and transmit torque, axial load and rotary motion without loss. A rolling bearing mounting structure to be tested is arranged between the other end of the mandrel 10 and the sliding table, the mounting structure comprises a bearing seat 13 which is fixed at a shaft shoulder 11 at the end of the mandrel 10 and is used for mounting an outer ring 2 of the rolling bearing to be tested, and the bearing seat 13 is provided with an inner cylindrical surface 14 and an outer ring retaining shoulder 15 which are matched with the outer cylindrical surface of the outer ring 2 of the rolling bearing to be tested; a loading shaft 16 for mounting the inner ring 1 of the rolling bearing to be tested is fixed on the sliding table 12, an outer cylindrical surface 17 and an inner ring shaft shoulder 18 which are matched with the inner cylindrical surface of the inner ring 1 of the rolling bearing to be tested are arranged on the loading shaft 16, and the outer cylindrical surface 17 is coaxial with the air floatation main shaft 9; the sliding table 12 can translate along the axial direction of the air-floating main shaft 9 under the drive of external force and the guidance of a guiding component (not shown in the figure). The components including the air-floating main shaft assembly, the mandrel 10, the bearing seat 13 and the rolling bearing to be measured form a rotary shaft system of the measuring device, and the moving parts on the rotary shaft system comprise the air-floating main shaft 9, the mandrel 10, the bearing seat 13, the rolling body 3 of the rolling bearing to be measured and a retainer (not shown in the figure) of the outer ring 2 of the rolling bearing to be measured; if the mandrel 10 is connected with the air floatation main shaft 9 through a coupler, the rotary shaft system further comprises the coupler, and the moving part on the rotary shaft system further comprises the coupler; the rotating speed sensor is used for monitoring the angular speed of the mandrel 10 or the air floatation main shaft 9; the data acquisition/processing/calculation/display system is used for acquiring and processing the angular speed signal of the mandrel 10 or the air floatation main shaft 9 monitored by the rotating speed sensor, and calculating and displaying the equivalent friction moment and the equivalent friction coefficient of the rolling bearing to be measured.
In the present invention, the axis of the rotating shaft is preferably vertical, and the axis of the air-floating main shaft 9 is perpendicular to the horizontal plane, regardless of the first technical scheme or the second technical scheme.
When the equivalent friction coefficient measuring device for the rolling bearing is used for measuring the equivalent friction coefficient, a power device is arranged on one side of the machine body 7, an output shaft of the power device is connected with or separated from the free end of the air floatation main shaft 9 through a clutch device, and an axial loading device is arranged on one side of the sliding table 12. The positions and connection relations of the above-mentioned power means, clutch means and axial loading means with the relevant components of the measuring device according to the invention are well known in the art and are therefore not shown in the figures.
The working principle of the rolling bearing equivalent friction coefficient measuring device of the invention is as follows: in the axial loading device of the first technical scheme, as shown in fig. 2, to the outer ring 2 of the rolling bearing to be tested through the sliding table 12 and the bearing seat 13, or in the axial loading device of the second technical scheme, as shown in fig. 3, to the inner ring 1 of the rolling bearing to be tested through the sliding table 12 and the loading shaft 16, under the condition of applying a specified axial load, the power device drives the air-floating main shaft 9 to rotate through the clutch device, after the air-floating main shaft 9 and the mandrel 10 rotate to a given rotation angular speed, the clutch device separates the output shaft of the power device from the air-floating main shaft 9, and the rotation speed of the mandrel 10 or the air-floating main shaft 9 gradually decays under the action of friction power consumption of the rolling bearing to be tested until the air-floating main shaft 9 and the mandrel 10 stop rotating; the data acquisition/processing/calculation/display system obtains the numerical relation of ' mandrel angular speed-time ', calculates the movement speeds and the kinetic energies of all moving parts on the rotary shaft system, and obtains the numerical relation of ' total kinetic energy-time of the rotary shaft system; the numerical relation of the total kinetic energy of the rotary shaft system and the time is derived, the derivative of the numerical relation of the total kinetic energy of the rotary shaft system and the time at a certain moment is the reduction rate of the total kinetic energy of the rotary shaft system, and the derivative is the friction power of the rolling bearing to be measured at the angular velocity corresponding to the moment and is also equivalent to the friction power of the sliding friction pair of the corresponding virtual sliding bearing; the quotient obtained by dividing the friction power of the sliding friction pair by the angular velocity value is the friction moment of the sliding friction pair at the angular velocity, and is also equivalent to the equivalent friction moment of the rolling bearing to be measured at the angular velocity; the quotient obtained by dividing the friction moment of the sliding friction pair under the angular speed by the product of the radius R of the middle part of the sliding matching surface and the normal load at the sliding matching surface is the friction coefficient of the sliding friction pair under the angular speed, and is also equivalent to the equivalent friction coefficient of the rolling bearing under the angular speed; the normal load at the sliding fit surface 6 is equivalent to the normal component of the axial load born by the corresponding rolling bearing to be tested at the sliding fit surface 6; when the angular speeds of the air floatation main shaft 9 and the mandrel 10 tend to zero, the corresponding equivalent friction moment and equivalent friction coefficient are equivalent to the starting equivalent friction moment and the starting equivalent friction coefficient of the rolling bearing to be measured.
Corresponding to the first technical scheme of the rolling bearing equivalent friction coefficient measuring device, the invention also provides a rolling bearing equivalent friction coefficient measuring method, which comprises the following steps:
step one, connecting one end of a mandrel 10 with an air floatation main shaft 9 through conical surface fit (or connecting the mandrel with the air floatation main shaft 9 through a coupler); the inner ring 1 of the rolling bearing to be tested is arranged at a shaft shoulder 11 at the other end of the mandrel; the sliding table 12 is moved, and the outer ring 2 of the rolling bearing to be tested is arranged at the outer ring shoulder 15 of the bearing seat;
according to the type and the size of the rolling bearing to be measured, according to the rolling bearing friction moment measurement standard, such as the national standard of the people's republic of China GB/T32562-2016, rolling bearing friction moment measurement method, an axial loading device applies a specified axial load to the outer ring 2 of the rolling bearing to be measured through a sliding table 12 and a bearing seat 13;
step three, the power device drives the air floatation main shaft 9 to rotate through the clutch device, and the air floatation main shaft 9, the mandrel 10 and the inner ring 1 of the rolling bearing to be tested keep synchronous rotation; the data acquisition/processing/calculation/display system acquires and processes the angular velocity signal of the mandrel 10 or the air floatation main shaft 9 from the rotation speed sensor, calculates the angular velocity of the mandrel 10 and displays related information;
step four, gradually increasing the rotation speeds of the air-float main shaft 9 and the mandrel 10 to a given value and stably operating, separating the output shaft of the power device from the air-float main shaft 9 by the clutch device, gradually attenuating the rotation speeds of the air-float main shaft 9 and the mandrel 10 under the friction power consumption action of the rolling bearing to be tested until the air-float main shaft 9 and the mandrel 10 stop rotating, and obtaining a numerical relation of mandrel angular speed-time by a data acquisition/processing/calculation/display system;
step five, calculating the motion speeds and the kinetic energies of all the moving parts on the rotary shaft system by a data acquisition/processing/calculating/displaying system to obtain the numerical relation of total kinetic energy-time of the rotary shaft system; the numerical relation of the total kinetic energy of the rotary shaft system and the time is derived, and the derivative of the numerical relation of the total kinetic energy of the rotary shaft system and the time at a certain moment is the reduction rate of the total kinetic energy of the rotary shaft system and the friction power of the rolling bearing to be measured at the moment corresponding to the angular speed; the quotient obtained by dividing the friction power of the rolling bearing to be measured by the angular velocity value is the equivalent friction moment of the rolling bearing to be measured under the angular velocity, and the quotient obtained by dividing the equivalent friction moment of the rolling bearing to be measured by the product of the middle radius R of the sliding matching surface of the virtual sliding bearing corresponding to the rolling bearing to be measured and the normal load at the sliding matching surface 6 is the equivalent friction coefficient of the rolling bearing to be measured under the angular velocity; the normal load at the sliding fit surface 6 is equivalent to the normal component of the axial load born by the corresponding rolling bearing to be tested at the sliding fit surface 6; when the angular speeds of the air floatation main shaft 9 and the mandrel 10 tend to zero, the corresponding equivalent friction moment and equivalent friction coefficient are equivalent to the starting equivalent friction moment and the starting equivalent friction coefficient of the rolling bearing to be measured.
The rolling bearing equivalent friction coefficient measuring method corresponding to the second aspect of the rolling bearing equivalent friction coefficient measuring device of the present invention differs from the rolling bearing equivalent friction coefficient measuring method corresponding to the first aspect of the rolling bearing equivalent friction coefficient measuring device of the present invention only in that:
step one, connecting one end of a mandrel 10 with an air floatation main shaft 9 through conical surface fit (or connecting the mandrel with the air floatation main shaft 9 through a coupler); a bearing seat 13 is arranged on a shaft shoulder 11 at the other end of the mandrel; moving the sliding table 12, mounting the inner ring 1 of the rolling bearing to be tested at the inner ring shoulder 18 of the loading shaft, and mounting the outer ring 2 of the rolling bearing to be tested at the outer ring shoulder 15 of the bearing seat;
according to the type and the size of the rolling bearing to be measured, according to the rolling bearing friction moment measurement standard, such as the national standard of the people's republic of China GB/T32562-2016, rolling bearing friction moment measurement method, an axial loading device applies a specified axial load to the inner ring 1 of the rolling bearing to be measured through a sliding table 12 and a loading shaft 16;
step three, the power device drives the air floatation main shaft 9 to rotate through the clutch device, and the air floatation main shaft 9, the mandrel 10 and the outer ring 2 of the rolling bearing to be tested keep synchronous rotation; the data acquisition/processing/calculation/display system acquires and processes the angular velocity signal of the mandrel 10 or the air floatation main shaft 9 from the rotation speed sensor, calculates the angular velocity of the mandrel 10 and displays related information;
step four and step five are the same as the first technical scheme.
Claims (8)
1. The device for measuring the equivalent friction coefficient of the rolling bearing is characterized by comprising a machine body (7), an air floatation main shaft assembly, a mandrel (10), a sliding table (12), a rotating speed sensor and a data acquisition/processing/calculating/displaying system;
the air floatation main shaft assembly comprises an air floatation main shaft base body (8) and an air floatation main shaft (9); the air floatation main shaft base body (8) is fixedly connected with the machine body (7), and one end of the mandrel (10) is matched with the air floatation main shaft (9) through a conical surface or is connected with a coupling;
a rolling bearing mounting structure to be tested is arranged between the other end of the mandrel (10) and the sliding table;
the rolling bearing mounting structure comprises a shaft shoulder (11) which is arranged at the end of the mandrel (10) and is used for mounting an inner ring (1) of the rolling bearing to be tested, a bearing seat (13) which is used for mounting an outer ring (2) of the rolling bearing to be tested is fixed on the sliding table (12), the bearing seat (13) is provided with an inner cylindrical surface (14) which is matched with the outer cylindrical surface of the outer ring (2) of the rolling bearing to be tested and an outer ring shoulder, and the inner cylindrical surface (14) is coaxial with the air floatation main shaft (9); the sliding table (12) translates along the axial direction of the air floatation main shaft (9) under the drive of external force;
a power device is arranged on one side of the machine body (7), an output shaft of the power device is connected with or separated from the free end of the air floatation main shaft (9) through a clutch device, an axial loading device is arranged on one side of the sliding table (12), parts comprising the air floatation main shaft assembly, the mandrel (10), the bearing seat (13) and the rolling bearing to be tested jointly form a rotary shaft system of the rolling bearing equivalent friction coefficient measuring device, and a moving part on the rotary shaft system comprises the air floatation main shaft (9), the mandrel (10), an inner ring (1) of the rolling bearing to be tested, a rolling body (3) of the rolling bearing to be tested and a retainer of the rolling bearing to be tested;
the rotating speed sensor is used for monitoring the angular speed of the mandrel (10) or the air floatation main shaft (9); the data acquisition/processing/calculation/display system is used for acquiring and processing the angular velocity signals of the mandrel (10) or the air floatation main shaft (9) monitored by the rotating speed sensor, obtaining the numerical relation of mandrel angular velocity-time after the output shaft of the power device is separated from the air floatation main shaft (9), calculating the motion velocity and kinetic energy of all moving parts on the rotary shaft system, and obtaining the numerical relation of total kinetic energy-time of the rotary shaft system; the numerical relation of the total kinetic energy-time of the rotary shaft system is derived, and the derivative of the numerical relation of the total kinetic energy-time of the rotary shaft system at a certain moment in time is the reduction rate of the total kinetic energy of the rotary shaft system and is the friction power of the rolling bearing to be measured at the moment corresponding to the angular speed; the method comprises the steps that a rolling bearing to be measured is abstracted into a virtual sliding bearing with a constant contact angle and a sliding matching surface passing through the center of the rolling body of the rolling bearing to be measured, wherein the virtual sliding bearing is a virtual sliding bearing with a contact angle equal to the contact angle alpha of the rolling bearing to be measured and a sliding matching surface (6) passing through the center of the rolling body (3) of the rolling bearing to be measured; the friction power of the rolling bearing to be measured at a certain angular velocity is equivalent to the friction power of a sliding friction pair of a corresponding virtual radial sliding bearing; the quotient obtained by dividing the friction power of the sliding friction pair by the angular velocity value is the friction moment of the sliding friction pair at the angular velocity, and is also equivalent to the equivalent friction moment of the rolling bearing to be measured at the angular velocity; the quotient obtained by dividing the friction moment of the sliding friction pair under the angular velocity by the product of the radius R of the middle part of the sliding matching surface and the normal load at the sliding matching surface (6) is the friction coefficient of the sliding friction pair under the angular velocity, and is also the equivalent friction coefficient of the rolling bearing to be measured under the angular velocity; and the data acquisition/processing/calculation/display system calculates and displays the equivalent friction moment and the equivalent friction coefficient of the rolling bearing to be measured.
2. The rolling bearing equivalent friction coefficient measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that the air bearing spindle (9) is of a vertical arrangement, the axis of the air bearing spindle (9) being perpendicular to the horizontal plane.
3. A method for measuring the equivalent friction coefficient of a rolling bearing, characterized by using the rolling bearing equivalent friction coefficient measuring device according to claim 1 or 2, comprising the steps of:
step one, connecting one end of a mandrel (10) with an air floatation main shaft (9) through conical surface fit or a coupler; an inner ring (1) of a rolling bearing to be tested is arranged at a shaft shoulder (11) at the other end of the mandrel (10); the sliding table (12) is moved, and the outer ring (2) of the rolling bearing to be tested is arranged at the outer ring shoulder of the bearing seat (13);
according to the type and the size of the rolling bearing to be measured and the friction moment measurement specification of the rolling bearing, the axial loading device applies a specified axial load to the outer ring (2) of the rolling bearing to be measured through the sliding table (12) and the bearing seat (13);
step three, the power device drives the air floatation main shaft (9) to rotate through the clutch device, and the air floatation main shaft (9), the mandrel (10) and the inner ring (1) of the rolling bearing to be tested keep synchronous rotation; the data acquisition/processing/calculation/display system acquires and processes the angular velocity signal of the mandrel (10) or the air floatation main shaft (9) from the rotation speed sensor, and calculates and displays the angular velocity of the mandrel (10);
step four, gradually increasing the rotation speeds of the air floatation main shaft (9) and the mandrel (10) to a given value, after the running speed is stable, separating the output shaft of the power device from the air floatation main shaft (9) by the clutch device, and gradually attenuating the rotation speeds of the air floatation main shaft (9) and the mandrel (10) under the friction power consumption effect of the rolling bearing to be tested until the air floatation main shaft (9) and the mandrel (10) stop rotating, wherein the data acquisition/processing/calculation/display system obtains the numerical relation of the mandrel angular speed-time;
step five, calculating the motion speeds and the kinetic energies of all the moving parts on the rotary shaft system by a data acquisition/processing/calculating/displaying system to obtain the numerical relation of the total kinetic energy-time of the rotary shaft system; the numerical relation of the total kinetic energy-time of the rotary shaft system is derived, and the derivative of the numerical relation of the total kinetic energy-time of the rotary shaft system at a certain moment in time is the reduction rate of the total kinetic energy of the rotary shaft system and is the friction power of the rolling bearing to be measured at the moment corresponding to the angular speed; the quotient obtained by dividing the friction power of the rolling bearing to be measured by the angular velocity value is the equivalent friction moment of the rolling bearing to be measured under the angular velocity, and the quotient obtained by dividing the equivalent friction moment of the rolling bearing to be measured by the product of the middle radius R of the sliding matching surface of the virtual sliding bearing corresponding to the rolling bearing to be measured and the normal load at the sliding matching surface (6) is the equivalent friction coefficient of the rolling bearing to be measured under the angular velocity; the normal load at the sliding matching surface (6) is equivalent to the normal component of the axial load born by the corresponding rolling bearing to be tested at the sliding matching surface (6);
when the angular speeds of the air floatation main shaft (9) and the mandrel (10) tend to zero, the corresponding equivalent friction moment and equivalent friction coefficient are equivalent to the starting equivalent friction moment and the starting equivalent friction coefficient of the rolling bearing to be measured.
4. A method of measuring the equivalent friction coefficient of a rolling bearing according to claim 3, characterized in that the inner ring (4) of the virtual sliding bearing and the outer ring (5) of the virtual sliding bearing constitute a sliding friction pair at the sliding mating surface (6); the virtual sliding bearing is under the same measuring working condition as the corresponding rolling bearing to be measured, the friction power consumption of the sliding friction pair is equal to that of the rolling bearing to be measured, the friction power of the sliding friction pair is equal to the product of the sliding friction moment of the sliding friction pair and the revolving angular speed of the virtual sliding bearing, and the sliding friction moment of the sliding friction pair is equal to the product of the middle radius R of the sliding matching surface, the normal load at the sliding matching surface (6) and the friction coefficient of the sliding friction pair; and recording the sliding friction moment of the sliding friction pair as the equivalent friction moment corresponding to the rolling bearing to be measured, and recording the sliding friction coefficient of the sliding friction pair as the equivalent friction coefficient corresponding to the rolling bearing to be measured.
5. The device for measuring the equivalent friction coefficient of the rolling bearing is characterized by comprising a machine body (7), an air floatation main shaft assembly, a mandrel (10), a sliding table (12), a rotating speed sensor and a data acquisition/processing/calculating/displaying system;
the air floatation main shaft assembly comprises an air floatation main shaft base body (8) and an air floatation main shaft (9); the air floatation main shaft base body (8) is fixedly connected with the machine body (7), and one end of the mandrel (10) is matched with the air floatation main shaft (9) through a conical surface or is connected with a coupling;
a rolling bearing mounting structure to be tested is arranged between the other end of the mandrel (10) and the sliding table;
the mounting structure of the rolling bearing to be tested comprises a bearing seat (13) which is arranged at a shaft shoulder (11) at the end of a mandrel (10) and is used for mounting an outer ring (2) of the rolling bearing to be tested, and the bearing seat (13) is provided with an inner cylindrical surface (14) which is matched with the outer cylindrical surface of the outer ring (2) of the rolling bearing to be tested and an outer ring shoulder; a loading shaft (16) for mounting an inner ring (1) of the rolling bearing to be tested is fixed on the sliding table (12), an outer cylindrical surface (17) and an inner ring shaft shoulder (18) which are matched with the inner cylindrical surface of the inner ring (1) of the rolling bearing to be tested are arranged on the loading shaft (16), and the outer cylindrical surface (17) is coaxial with the air floatation main shaft (9); the sliding table (12) translates along the axial direction of the air floatation main shaft (9) under the drive of external force;
the machine body (7) is provided with a power device on one side, an output shaft of the power device is connected with or separated from the free end of the air floatation main shaft (9) through a clutch device, an axial loading device is arranged on one side of the sliding table (12), parts comprising the air floatation main shaft assembly, the mandrel (10), the bearing seat (13) and the rolling bearing to be tested form a rotary shaft system of the rolling bearing equivalent friction coefficient measuring device together, and a moving part on the rotary shaft system comprises the air floatation main shaft (9), the mandrel (10), the bearing seat (13), an outer ring (2) of the rolling bearing to be tested, a rolling body (3) of the rolling bearing to be tested and a retainer of the rolling bearing to be tested;
the rotating speed sensor is used for monitoring the angular speed of the mandrel (10) or the air floatation main shaft (9); the data acquisition/processing/calculation/display system is used for acquiring and processing the angular velocity signals of the mandrel (10) or the air floatation main shaft (9) monitored by the rotating speed sensor, obtaining the numerical relation of mandrel angular velocity-time after the output shaft of the power device is separated from the air floatation main shaft (9), calculating the motion velocity and kinetic energy of all moving parts on the rotary shaft system, and obtaining the numerical relation of total kinetic energy-time of the rotary shaft system; the numerical relation of the total kinetic energy-time of the rotary shaft system is derived, and the derivative of the numerical relation of the total kinetic energy-time of the rotary shaft system at a certain moment in time is the reduction rate of the total kinetic energy of the rotary shaft system and is the friction power of the rolling bearing to be measured at the moment corresponding to the angular speed; the method comprises the steps that a rolling bearing to be measured is abstracted into a virtual sliding bearing with a constant contact angle and a sliding matching surface passing through the center of the rolling body of the rolling bearing to be measured, wherein the virtual sliding bearing is a virtual sliding bearing with a contact angle equal to the contact angle (alpha) of the rolling bearing to be measured and a sliding matching surface (6) passing through the center of the rolling body (3) of the rolling bearing to be measured; the friction power of the rolling bearing to be measured at a certain angular velocity is equivalent to the friction power of a sliding friction pair of a corresponding virtual radial sliding bearing; the quotient obtained by dividing the friction power of the sliding friction pair by the angular velocity value is the friction moment of the sliding friction pair at the angular velocity, and is also equivalent to the equivalent friction moment of the rolling bearing to be measured at the angular velocity; the quotient obtained by dividing the friction moment of the sliding friction pair under the angular speed by the product of the radius R of the middle part of the sliding matching surface and the normal load at the sliding matching surface (6) is the friction coefficient of the sliding friction pair under the angular speed, and is also the equivalent friction coefficient of the rolling bearing to be tested under the angular speed, and the data acquisition/processing/calculation/display system calculates and displays the equivalent friction moment and the equivalent friction coefficient of the rolling bearing to be tested.
6. The rolling bearing equivalent friction coefficient measuring device according to claim 5, characterized in that the air bearing spindle (9) is of a vertical arrangement, the axis of the air bearing spindle (9) being perpendicular to the horizontal plane.
7. A method for measuring the equivalent friction coefficient of a rolling bearing, characterized by using the rolling bearing equivalent friction coefficient measuring device according to claim 5 or 6, comprising the steps of:
step one, connecting one end of a mandrel (10) with an air floatation main shaft (9) through conical surface fit or a coupler; a bearing seat (13) is arranged at a shaft shoulder (11) at the other end of the mandrel, a sliding table (12) is moved, an inner ring (1) of a rolling bearing to be tested is arranged at an inner ring shaft shoulder (18) of a loading shaft (16), and an outer ring (2) of the rolling bearing to be tested is arranged at an outer ring blocking shoulder of the bearing seat;
according to the type and the size of the rolling bearing to be measured and the friction moment measurement specification of the rolling bearing, the axial loading device applies a specified axial load to an inner ring (1) of the rolling bearing to be measured through a sliding table (12) and a loading shaft (16);
step three, the power device drives the air floatation main shaft (9) to rotate through the clutch device, and the air floatation main shaft (9), the mandrel (10), the bearing seat (13) and the outer ring (2) of the rolling bearing keep synchronous rotation; the data acquisition/processing/calculation/display system acquires and processes the angular velocity signal of the mandrel (10) or the air floatation main shaft (9) from the rotation speed sensor, and calculates and displays the angular velocity of the mandrel (10);
step four, gradually increasing the rotation speeds of the air floatation main shaft (9) and the mandrel (10) to a given value, after the running speed is stable, separating the output shaft of the power device from the air floatation main shaft (9) by the clutch device, and gradually attenuating the rotation speeds of the air floatation main shaft (9) and the mandrel (10) under the friction power consumption effect of the rolling bearing to be tested until the air floatation main shaft (9) and the mandrel (10) stop rotating, wherein the data acquisition/processing/calculation/display system obtains the numerical relation of the mandrel angular speed-time;
step five, calculating the motion speeds and the kinetic energies of all the moving parts on the rotary shaft system by a data acquisition/processing/calculating/displaying system to obtain the numerical relation of the total kinetic energy-time of the rotary shaft system; the numerical relation of the total kinetic energy-time of the rotary shaft system is derived, and the derivative of the numerical relation of the total kinetic energy-time of the rotary shaft system at a certain moment in time is the reduction rate of the total kinetic energy of the rotary shaft system and is the friction power of the rolling bearing to be measured at the moment corresponding to the angular speed; the quotient obtained by dividing the friction power of the rolling bearing to be measured by the angular velocity value is the equivalent friction moment of the rolling bearing to be measured under the angular velocity, and the quotient obtained by dividing the equivalent friction moment of the rolling bearing to be measured by the product of the middle radius R of the sliding matching surface of the virtual sliding bearing corresponding to the rolling bearing to be measured and the normal load at the sliding matching surface (6) is the equivalent friction coefficient of the rolling bearing to be measured under the angular velocity; the normal load at the sliding matching surface (6) is equivalent to the normal component of the axial load born by the corresponding rolling bearing to be tested at the sliding matching surface (6);
when the angular speeds of the air floatation main shaft (9) and the mandrel (10) tend to zero, the corresponding equivalent friction moment and equivalent friction coefficient are equivalent to the starting equivalent friction moment and the starting equivalent friction coefficient of the rolling bearing to be measured.
8. The method for measuring the equivalent friction coefficient of the rolling bearing according to claim 7, characterized in that the inner ring (4) of the virtual sliding bearing and the outer ring (5) of the virtual sliding bearing form a sliding friction pair at the sliding matching surface (6); the virtual sliding bearing is under the same measuring working condition as the corresponding rolling bearing to be measured, the friction power consumption of the sliding friction pair is equal to that of the rolling bearing to be measured, the friction power of the sliding friction pair is equal to the product of the sliding friction moment of the sliding friction pair and the revolving angular speed of the virtual sliding bearing, and the sliding friction moment of the sliding friction pair is equal to the product of the middle radius (R) of the sliding matching surface, the normal load at the sliding matching surface (6) and the friction coefficient of the sliding friction pair; and recording the sliding friction moment of the sliding friction pair as the equivalent friction moment corresponding to the rolling bearing to be measured, and recording the sliding friction coefficient of the sliding friction pair as the equivalent friction coefficient corresponding to the rolling bearing to be measured.
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811283092.3A CN109540516B (en) | 2018-10-31 | 2018-10-31 | Rolling bearing equivalent friction coefficient measuring device and method |
| JP2021537465A JP7043712B2 (en) | 2018-10-31 | 2019-10-29 | Measuring device and method of equivalent friction coefficient of rolling bearing |
| PCT/CN2019/113880 WO2020088431A1 (en) | 2018-10-31 | 2019-10-29 | Device for measuring equivalent friction coefficient of rolling bearing |
| US17/239,656 US20210278337A1 (en) | 2018-10-31 | 2021-04-25 | Equivalent friction coefficient measurement apparatus for rolling bearings and method thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201811283092.3A CN109540516B (en) | 2018-10-31 | 2018-10-31 | Rolling bearing equivalent friction coefficient measuring device and method |
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| CN109540516A CN109540516A (en) | 2019-03-29 |
| CN109540516B true CN109540516B (en) | 2023-09-05 |
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| CN201615742U (en) * | 2010-03-01 | 2010-10-27 | 洛阳轴研科技股份有限公司 | Measurer for measuring axial clearances of joint bearings |
| CN201637518U (en) * | 2010-03-29 | 2010-11-17 | 西安航威机电设备有限公司 | Friction torque testing instrument for rolling bearing |
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| CN201615742U (en) * | 2010-03-01 | 2010-10-27 | 洛阳轴研科技股份有限公司 | Measurer for measuring axial clearances of joint bearings |
| CN201637518U (en) * | 2010-03-29 | 2010-11-17 | 西安航威机电设备有限公司 | Friction torque testing instrument for rolling bearing |
| JP2014035720A (en) * | 2012-08-10 | 2014-02-24 | Toyota Central R&D Labs Inc | Friction coefficient estimation device, friction coefficient estimation method and friction coefficient estimation program |
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