CN109534737A - 一种改良土壤基质及其绿色矿山的治理方法 - Google Patents

一种改良土壤基质及其绿色矿山的治理方法 Download PDF

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CN109534737A
CN109534737A CN201910007762.7A CN201910007762A CN109534737A CN 109534737 A CN109534737 A CN 109534737A CN 201910007762 A CN201910007762 A CN 201910007762A CN 109534737 A CN109534737 A CN 109534737A
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任广滨
杨建国
张志毅
梁欢
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Jerry (laizhou) Mine Management Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种改良土壤基质及其绿色矿山的治理方法，通过修整矿山的峭壁，形成一定的山体坡度，按一定方式铺硬质材料，然后覆盖包塑金属网，最后将新型的改良土壤基质以一定厚度覆盖，来实现矿山的有效治理。有益效果：改良土壤基质可以稳定的浮着在坡度＜80°矿山表面上，粘聚力＞20Kpa，内摩擦角＞18°，抗蚀指数＞99.1％，抗冲刷指数＞2.0L.min/g，结构性强，喷播3天后能够有效抵御暴雨以上的冲刷；改良土壤基质营养丰富，疏松、透气，适合植物的生长；由于采用了大量的农林下脚料等有机质，蓄水性强，大大节省施工成本和养护成本。

Description

一种改良土壤基质及其绿色矿山的治理方法
技术领域
本发明涉及矿山的生态修复领域，具体涉及一种改良土壤基质及其绿色矿山的治理方法。
背景技术
近年来，由于经济建设的快速发展和对自然资源的过度开发利用，产生了大量的破损山体、岩石面和高陡坡，恶化了山体周边的自然生态环境，而且存在着滑坡、坍塌等安全隐患；由于山体边坡的养分水分供应差，植被面临干旱、炎热等威胁，极难恢复；开挖后的岩石边坡岩石层厚、整体坡体高陡、一般的土壤基质很难固着在岩石上，基质层薄，抗冲刷性差，土体中的养分随着时间增长逐渐流失，导致肥力逐年降低、山体边坡呈现缺水少土等状态，植物很难生存，随着紫外线辐射、风蚀和水蚀，最终可能引起坡面坍塌的后果。
目前一般采用客土喷播的方式、采用工程方式在矿山上开挖植生槽的方法或者在坡底栽植攀爬植物的方法来进行矿山修复，这三种矿山生态修复方式面对高陡坡面效果都不理想，客土喷播基质固着能力差，基质层薄，抗剪能力弱，尤其面对高陡坡面很容易被雨水冲刷下来，经常出现重复施工的现象，效果很不理想；如采用工程方式在矿山上开挖植生槽的方法，施工难度高，施工成本大；而采用攀爬植物的方式，绿化效果太慢。
发明内容
本发明的目的克服现有技术的不足，提供一种改良土壤基质及其绿色矿山的治理方法。通过修整矿山的峭壁，形成一定的山体坡度，按一定方式铺硬质材料，然后覆盖包塑金属网，最后将新型的改良土壤基质以一定厚度覆盖，来实现矿山的有效治理。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术措施达到的：一种改良土壤基质，按体积百分比计量，包括两性聚丙烯酰胺0.1％～1％、塑性土33％～47％、重质碳酸钙5％～10％、高岭土5％～15％、亲水剂3％～8％、混凝剂0.5％～3％、有机质20％～34％、有机肥5％～10％、植物种子1％～3％。
进一步地，将所述改良土壤基质的各组分均匀混合，用20℃～30℃的水均匀混合搅拌。
进一步地，所述改良土壤基质与水的体积比为1:1～1:2，搅拌速度60～100r/min。
进一步地，所述塑性土的塑性指数＞17，其中小于0.005㎜的黏粒体积占比＞60％，粘聚力＞20Kpa，内摩擦角＞18°，pH5.5～8.5，塑性土含沙量＜25％。
进一步地，所述重质碳酸钙目数＞800目，其中钙粉含量＞95％。
进一步地，所述两性离子聚丙烯酰胺的分子量＞500万，浓度0.1％～0.5％，其中丙烯酰胺单体含量＜0.1％。
进一步地，所述高岭土为粉末状，规格为600～1200目。
进一步地，所述亲水剂为瓦楞纸、聚氧化乙烯、聚乙烯醇、羟丙基化纤维素其中的一种或几种。
进一步地，所述混凝剂为无机混凝剂、有机混凝剂、高分子混凝剂中的一种或者几种。
进一步地，所述混凝剂为氯化亚铁、碳酸镁、高分子聚合氯化铝、聚合硫酸铁中的一种或者几种。
一种绿色矿山的治理方法，包括以下步骤：
1)修整矿山的坡度＜80°，并清除表面的危石、浮石和碎石；
2)在矿山表面上覆盖包塑金属网并固定，在金属网的内侧固定培育杆体；
3)用喷播机将所述改良土壤基质覆盖在金属网上，其改良土壤基质覆盖厚度为7～10cm。
进一步地，所述培育杆体为硬质材料。
进一步地，所述培育杆体每平方米布设2～4排，两条培育杆体横向搭接长度为5～10cm。
有机质为花生壳，稻壳，木粉、酒糟、植物秸秆、木质素等。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：改良土壤基质可以稳定的浮着在坡度＜80°矿山表面上，粘聚力＞20Kpa，内摩擦角＞18°，抗蚀指数＞99.1％，抗冲刷指数＞2.0L.min/g，结构性强，喷播3天后能够有效抵御暴雨以上的冲刷；改良土壤基质营养丰富，疏松、透气，适合植物的生长；由于采用了大量的农林下脚料等有机质，蓄水性强，大大节省施工成本和养护成本。
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明作详细说明。
具体实施方式
实施例1，一种绿色矿山的治理方法，修整矿山的坡度70°，并清除表面的危石、浮石和碎石；在矿山表面上覆盖包塑金属网并固定，在金属网的内侧固定硬质材料的培育杆体，如竹子，长度为1米，直径为15厘米，每平方米矿山表面铺设2排，竹子之间的横向搭接长度为5厘米；用喷播机将改良土壤基质覆盖在包塑金属网上，厚度为7cm。改良土壤基质由以下材料按照体积比制成：有机质20％，塑性土47％，重质碳酸钙5％，高岭土5％，亲水剂8％，混凝剂3％，有机肥10％，植物种子1％，聚丙烯酰胺1％，将上述各组分充分混合均匀，用20℃的水混合搅拌，混合材料与水的体积比为1:1，搅拌速度为100r/min，使混合物发生聚沉反应，制成改良土壤基质。经试验检测，所制得的改良土壤基质粘聚力27Kpa，内摩擦角25°，抗蚀指数和抗冲刷指数分别为99％和2.7L.min/g。
抗冲蚀指数测定过程，第一组团聚体崩塌数量为1个，第二组团聚体崩塌数量为0个，第三组团聚体崩塌数量为0个，第四组团聚体崩塌数量为0个，计算抗冲蚀指数＝(100-1)*100％/100＝99％；抗冲刷指数测定过程：每5分钟收集烘干后土的质量分别为10g、20g、50g、100g、120g、200g，冲刷这些干土所需的水量和时间分别为45L、30min，计算抗冲刷指数为＝45*30/500＝2.7L.min/g。
实施例2，一种绿色矿山的治理方法，修整矿山的坡度78°，并清除表面的危石、浮石和碎石；在矿山表面上覆盖包塑金属网并固定，在金属网的内侧固定硬质材料的培育杆体，如竹子，木棍，长度为1.3米，直径为10厘米，每平方米矿山表面铺设3排，两种硬质材料之间的横向搭接长度为8厘米；用喷播机将改良土壤基质覆盖在包塑金属网上，厚度为8cm。改良土壤基质由以下材料按照体积比制成：有机质33％，塑性土33％，重质碳酸钙9.4％，高岭土15％，亲水剂3％，混凝剂0.5，有机肥5％，植物种子1％，聚丙烯酰胺0.1％，将上述各组分充分混合均匀，用25℃的水混合搅拌，混合材料与水的体积比为1:1.5，搅拌速度为80r/min，使混合物发生聚沉反应，制成改良土壤基质。经试验检测，所制得的改良土壤基质粘聚力22Kpa，内摩擦角19°，抗蚀指数和抗冲刷指数分别为99％和2.13L.min/g。
实施例3，一种绿色矿山的治理方法，修整矿山的坡度60°，并清除表面的危石、浮石和碎石；在矿山表面上覆盖包塑金属网并固定，在金属网的内侧固定硬质材料的培育杆体，如木棍，塑料制品，竹子等，长度为2米，直径为20厘米，每平方米矿山表面铺设4排，硬质材料两两之间的横向搭接长度为10厘米；用喷播机将改良土壤基质覆盖在包塑金属网上，厚度为10cm。改良土壤基质由以下材料按照体积比制成：塑性土39％，有机质26％，重质碳酸钙8％，高岭土10％，亲水剂5％，混凝剂2％，有机肥7％，植物种子2.5％，聚丙烯酰胺0.5％，将上述各组分充分混合均匀，用30℃的水混合搅拌，混合材料与水的体积比为1:2，搅拌速度为60r/min，使混合物发生聚沉反应，制成改良土壤基质。经试验检测，所制得的改良土壤基质粘聚力25Kpa，内摩擦角21°，抗蚀指数和抗冲刷指数分别为100％和2.5L.min/g。
抗蚀指数试验：按照实施例配比制作改良土壤基质样品，用直径5mm孔的筛子选取直径5-7mm的土壤团聚体100粒进行水浸试验，每次25粒，4次重复，取平均值，每隔1min记录崩塌的土粒数，连续记录10min，然后计算抗蚀指数，抗冲蚀指数＝(总土粒-崩塌土粒)*100％/总土粒。
抗冲刷指数试验：以土壤冲刷量、冲刷需水量、冲刷时间为参数，采用冲走1克干土所需要的水量和时间评估土壤的抗冲刷性。采用水槽长1m，宽1m，本次试验选择坡度25°进行测试，通过恒压水箱调整供水流量，设计水平1.5L/min，在水流稳定后，将土壤样品装入土样室，使土样表面和槽面齐平，冲刷开始后每5min取1次取样，收集试验产生的全部水流，充分搅动后取样、烘干、称重。
该改良土壤基质可应用在绿色矿山修复、破损山体修复、高海拔地区植被修复、沙漠化治理、屋顶绿化等领域。

Claims (13)

1.一种改良土壤基质，按体积百分比计量，包括两性聚丙烯酰胺0.1％～1％、塑性土33％～47％、重质碳酸钙5％～10％、高岭土5％～15％、亲水剂3％～8％、混凝剂0.5％～3％、有机质20％～34％、有机肥5％～10％、植物种子1％～3％。
2.根据权利要求1所述的改良土壤基质，其特征在于：将所述改良土壤基质的各组分均匀混合，用20℃～30℃的水均匀混合搅拌。
3.根据权利要求1所述的改良土壤基质，其特征在于：所述改良土壤基质与水的体积比为1:1～1:2，搅拌速度60～100r/min。
4.根据权利要求1所述的改良土壤基质，其特征在于：所述塑性土的塑性指数＞17，其中小于0.005㎜的黏粒体积占比＞60％，粘聚力＞20Kpa，内摩擦角＞18°，pH5.5～8.5，塑性土含沙量＜25％。
5.根据权利要求1所述的改良土壤基质，其特征在于：所述重质碳酸钙目数＞800目，其中钙粉含量＞95％。
6.根据权利要求1所述的改良土壤基质，其特征在于：所述两性离子聚丙烯酰胺的分子量＞500万，浓度0.1％～0.5％，其中丙烯酰胺单体含量＜0.1％。
7.根据权利要求1所述的改良土壤基质，其特征在于：所述高岭土为粉末状，规格为600～1200目。
8.根据权利要求1所述的改良土壤基质，其特征在于：所述亲水剂为瓦楞纸、聚氧化乙烯、聚乙烯醇、羟丙基化纤维素其中的一种或几种。
9.根据权利要求1所述的改良土壤基质，其特征在于：所述混凝剂为无机混凝剂、有机混凝剂、高分子混凝剂中的一种或者几种。
10.根据权利要求9所述的改良土壤基质，其特征在于：所述混凝剂为氯化亚铁、碳酸镁、高分子聚合氯化铝、聚合硫酸铁中的一种或者几种。
11.一种绿色矿山的治理方法，包括以下步骤：
1)修整矿山的坡度＜80°，并清除表面的危石、浮石和碎石；
2)在矿山表面上覆盖包塑金属网并固定，在金属网的内侧固定培育杆体；
3)用喷播机将如权利要求1～10任一项所述的改良土壤基质覆盖在包塑金属网上，其改良土壤基质覆盖厚度为7～10cm。
12.根据权利要求11所述的绿色矿山的治理方法，其特征在于：所述培育杆体为硬质材料。
13.根据权利要求11所述的绿色矿山的治理方法，其特征在于：所述培育杆体每平方米布设2～4排，两条培育杆体横向搭接长度为5～10cm。
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