CN109534359B - Ammonia gas preparation device for flue gas denitration system - Google Patents

Ammonia gas preparation device for flue gas denitration system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109534359B
CN109534359B CN201910040591.8A CN201910040591A CN109534359B CN 109534359 B CN109534359 B CN 109534359B CN 201910040591 A CN201910040591 A CN 201910040591A CN 109534359 B CN109534359 B CN 109534359B
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lifting ring
ammonia
flue gas
flow disturbing
cone
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CN201910040591.8A
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CN109534359A (en
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黄庆华
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Beijing Gongda Huanneng Technology Co ltd
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Beijing Gongda Huanneng Technology Co ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01CAMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
    • C01C1/00Ammonia; Compounds thereof
    • C01C1/02Preparation, purification or separation of ammonia
    • C01C1/08Preparation of ammonia from nitrogenous organic substances
    • C01C1/086Preparation of ammonia from nitrogenous organic substances from urea
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9404Removing only nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/9409Nitrogen oxides
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00Reactants
    • B01D2251/20Reductants
    • B01D2251/206Ammonium compounds
    • B01D2251/2062Ammonia
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2258/00Sources of waste gases
    • B01D2258/02Other waste gases
    • B01D2258/0283Flue gases
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10Process efficiency

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses an ammonia gas preparation device for a flue gas denitration system, which comprises an inner wall of an ammonia gas generator, a first lifting ring, a first flow disturbing cone, a second lifting ring, a third lifting ring and a second flow disturbing cone; the inner wall of the ammonia generator is cylindrical; the section of the first lifting ring is an inclined sector; the cross sections of the second lifting ring and the third lifting ring are inclined sectors, and the first flow disturbing cone and the second flow disturbing cone are conical inclined planes; the first effect lifting ring, the first flow disturbing cone, the second effect lifting ring, the third effect lifting ring and the second flow disturbing cone are sequentially distributed along the axial direction of the ammonia generator. The invention provides an ammonia gas preparation device for a flue gas denitration system, which has the advantages of high ammonia gas preparation efficiency, energy conservation, environmental protection, safety, reliability, simple structure, lower manufacturing and running costs and the like.

Description

Ammonia gas preparation device for flue gas denitration system
Technical Field
The invention relates to an ammonia gas preparation device for a flue gas denitration system, and belongs to the field of flue gas denitration.
Background
With the development of social economy, especially industrial economy, atmospheric pollution is becoming more serious. One of the main components of atmospheric pollutants is nitrogen oxides, which not only stimulates the respiratory system of humans, damages animals and plants, damages the ozone layer, but also is one of the main substances causing greenhouse effect, acid rain and photochemical reactions. The world has a trend to stricter emission limits on nitrogen oxides, and thermal power plants, garbage incineration plants, cement plants and the like are main sources of nitrogen oxide emission.
The prior nitrogen oxide emission reduction technical proposal mainly comprises: (1) The low-nitrogen combustion technology, namely controlling the generation of nitrogen oxides in the combustion process, is mainly applicable to large-scale coal-fired boilers and the like; the low nitrogen oxide combustion technology can only reduce 30-50% of the emission value of nitrogen oxides; (2) The selective catalytic reduction technology (SCR, selective Catalytic Reduction) is mainly used for large-scale coal-fired boilers and is a mainstream application technology in the flue gas denitration technology in China at present; (3) The Selective Non-catalytic reduction technology (SNCR, selective Non-Catalytic Reduction) is mainly used for middle and small boilers of garbage incineration plants and the like, is mature in technology, and has lower efficiency than an SCR method; (4) The selective catalytic reduction technology (SCR) +selective non-catalytic reduction technology (SNCR) is mainly used for the condition of low nitrogen oxide emission and site limitation of large-scale coal-fired boilers, and is also relatively suitable for old boiler reconstruction projects.
The basic principle of the mainstream selective catalytic reduction technology (SCR technology) is to use a reducing agent (such as NH 3 Etc.) converts nitrogen oxides into harmless nitrogen by catalytic action on the surface of the catalyst, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing the emission of the nitrogen oxides. The preparation technology of the reducing agent ammonia plays a key role in a flue gas denitration system.
In the prior technical scheme related to the preparation of ammonia gas as a flue gas denitration reducing agent, patent number CN106966409A discloses an ammonia preparation system, and the technology relates to the technology for preparing ammonia gas as the flue gas denitration reducing agent, but adopts a liquid ammonia evaporation method to prepare the ammonia gas; patent number CN108796537a discloses an electrolytic hydrogen production and ammonia synthesis system of a thermal power plant, which relates to a technology for preparing ammonia gas by using a flue gas denitration reducing agent, but the technology is a technology for preparing hydrogen by using electrolytic water and synthesizing ammonia gas.
CN106966409a and CN108796537a are used for preparing ammonia gas as a reducing agent required by a flue gas denitration system. Liquid ammonia adopted in CN106966409A has great harm to human body, and belongs to the restriction of dangerous goods. The CN108796537A adopts the technology of preparing hydrogen by electrolyzing water and synthesizing ammonia with nitrogen, and the technology has the advantages of complex process and equipment, high cost and low ammonia generating efficiency, and is not suitable for preparing ammonia required by a flue gas denitration system.
In order to solve the problem of preparation of the reducing agent ammonia required by the flue gas denitration system, the invention provides an ammonia preparation device for the flue gas denitration system, which has the advantages of high ammonia preparation efficiency, energy conservation, environmental protection, safety, reliability, simple structure, lower manufacturing and running cost and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to solve the problem of preparation of the reducing agent ammonia gas required by a flue gas denitration system.
In order to achieve the aim, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the ammonia preparation device for the flue gas denitration system comprises an inner wall 6-1 of an ammonia generator, a first lifting ring 6-2, a first disturbance flow cone 6-3, a second lifting ring 6-4, a third lifting ring 6-5 and a second disturbance flow cone 6-6;
the inner wall 6-1 of the ammonia generator is cylindrical; the section of the first lifting ring 6-2 is an inclined sector and is connected with the inner wall 6-1 of the ammonia generator through a supporting structure; the cross sections of the second lifting ring 6-4 and the third lifting ring 6-5 are inclined sectors and are respectively fixed on the inner wall 6-1 of the ammonia generator, the first flow disturbing cone 6-3 and the second flow disturbing cone 6-6 are conical inclined planes and are connected with the inner wall 6-1 of the ammonia generator through a supporting structure; the first effect lifting ring 6-2, the first flow disturbing cone 6-3, the second effect lifting ring 6-4, the third effect lifting ring 6-5 and the second flow disturbing cone 6-6 are sequentially arranged along the axial direction of the ammonia generator 6.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects.
The invention provides an ammonia gas preparation device for a flue gas denitration system, which has the advantages of high ammonia gas preparation efficiency, energy conservation, environmental protection, safety, reliability, simple structure, lower manufacturing and running costs and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an ammonia gas preparation device for a flue gas denitration system.
In the figure: 6-1, the inner wall of an ammonia generator, 6-2, a first effect lifting ring, 6-3, a first flow disturbing cone, 6-4, a second effect lifting ring, 6-5, a third effect lifting ring, 6-6 and a second flow disturbing cone.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a tail denitration system for a gas internal combustion engine.
1. The gas boiler exhaust port, 2, lithium bromide equipment, 3, SCR reactor, 4, catalyst, 5, chimney, 6, ammonia generator, 7, urea solution jar, 8, compressed air jar, 9, urea solution pipe, 10, compressed air pipe, 11, spray gun, 12, governing valve, 13, fan, 14, bypass flue, 15, flue, 16, heat exchanger.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
The invention is further described by taking a flue gas denitration system of a 4.4MW gas internal combustion engine unit of a certain distributed energy station as an example in the following with reference to the drawings.
In the SCR flue gas denitration system of a 4.4MW gas internal combustion engine unit of a certain distributed energy station, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the flue gas temperature at the 1 position of a flue gas outlet of the gas internal combustion engine is 430-550 ℃, the highest temperature can reach 600 ℃, the power generation output is 4.4MW, and the flue gas amount is 19888Nm in a dry state when the load rate of the gas internal combustion engine is 100% 3 Per hour, in standard state, dry basis 5% O 2 NO under conditions of x Are all 500mg/Nm 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The flue gas outlet temperature of the lithium bromide device 2 is 145 ℃; the proper temperature range of the catalyst 4 is 170-400 ℃; a heat exchanger 16 is added between the SCR reactor 3 and the stack 5.
The flue gas quantity in the bypass flue 14 is regulated through the high-temperature variable-frequency fan 13 and the regulating valve 12, so that the flue gas temperature at the inlet of the SCR reactor 3 is 175 ℃; the temperature of the flue gas at the outlet of the SCR reactor 3 and at the inlet of the heat exchanger 16 is basically 175 ℃, the temperature of the flue gas after passing through the heat exchanger 16 is 72 ℃, and the flue gas is exhausted through the chimney 5.
The energy efficiency of the latter denitration system for the tail part of the gas combustion engine smoke is higher by adding the heat exchanger 16 between the SCR reactor 3 and the chimney 5.
The urea solution with the concentration of 30-50% in the urea solution tank 7 enters the spray gun 11 through the urea solution pipe 9, compressed air with the pressure of 0.3-0.8 kg in the compressed air tank 8 enters the spray gun 11 through the compressed air pipe 10, the spray gun 11 is vertically and axially inserted into the ammonia generator 6, the urea solution is atomized in the ammonia generator 6 under the action of the compressed air and the spray gun 11 nozzle, as shown in fig. 1, the effect of three effect rings can enable atomized urea micro-droplets to be fully mixed with flue gas, the speed of the mixed flue gas is increased and rushed to two turbulence cones, the effect of the two turbulence cones can enable the mixed flue gas to form backflow, the time of the urea micro-droplets in the ammonia generator 6 for generating ammonia is prolonged, the atomized urea micro-droplets are decomposed in the ammonia generator 6 at the temperature of 400-550 ℃ under the condition of the flue gas temperature, and the ammonia conversion rate of the urea is improved through the structural optimization design of the ammonia generator 6 as shown in fig. 1.
The generated ammonia gas enters the SCR reactor 3 along with the flue gas, nitrogen oxides in the flue gas and the generated ammonia gas carry out catalytic reaction on the surface of the catalyst 4 to generate nitrogen, NO at the outlet of the SCR reactor 3 x In the marked state, dry basis 5% O 2 At a concentration of 30mg/Nm 3
The invention provides an ammonia gas preparation device for a flue gas denitration system, which has the advantages of high ammonia gas preparation efficiency, energy conservation, environmental protection, safety, reliability, simple structure, lower manufacturing and running costs and the like.

Claims (2)

1. An ammonia preparation facilities for flue gas denitration system, its characterized in that: comprises an inner wall (6-1) of an ammonia generator, a first lifting ring (6-2), a first flow disturbing cone (6-3), a second lifting ring (6-4), a third lifting ring (6-5) and a second flow disturbing cone (6-6);
the inner wall (6-1) of the ammonia generator is cylindrical; the section of the first effect lifting ring (6-2) is an inclined sector and is connected with the inner wall (6-1) of the ammonia generator through a supporting structure; the cross sections of the second lifting ring (6-4) and the third lifting ring (6-5) are inclined sectors and are respectively fixed on the inner wall (6-1) of the ammonia generator, and the first flow disturbing cone (6-3) and the second flow disturbing cone (6-6) are conical inclined surfaces and are connected with the inner wall (6-1) of the ammonia generator through a supporting structure; the first effect lifting ring (6-2), the first flow disturbing cone (6-3), the second effect lifting ring (6-4), the third effect lifting ring (6-5) and the second flow disturbing cone (6-6) are sequentially distributed along the axial direction of the ammonia generator (6);
the cross sections of the first lifting ring (6-2), the second lifting ring (6-4) and the third lifting ring (6-5) along the flow direction of the flue gas are changed from large to small;
the cross-sectional areas of the first interference cone (6-3) and the second interference cone (6-6) are changed from small to large along the flow direction of the flue gas.
2. An ammonia gas production apparatus for a flue gas denitration system according to claim 1, wherein: the temperature of the flue gas entering the inner wall (6-1) of the ammonia generator is 350-650 ℃.
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CN114307859A (en) * 2021-03-16 2022-04-12 北京工大环能科技有限公司 Device for evaporation pyrolysis

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