CN109529904A - A kind of preparation method of the carbon nitride photocatalyst of surface amorphous carbon doping - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of the carbon nitride photocatalyst of surface amorphous carbon doping Download PDFInfo
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- JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalonitrile Chemical compound N#CC#N JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 239000011941 photocatalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- WWYDYZMNFQIYPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ru78191 Chemical compound OC(=O)C(C(O)=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WWYDYZMNFQIYPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229940106691 bisphenol a Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000013033 photocatalytic degradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 11
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000005297 material degradation process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002957 persistent organic pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Superoxide Chemical compound [O-][O] OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000032900 absorption of visible light Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000711 cancerogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000315 carcinogenic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- JEGUKCSWCFPDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N h2o hydrate Chemical compound O.O JEGUKCSWCFPDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 hydroxyl radical free radical Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010842 industrial wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007146 photocatalysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035790 physiological processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004885 piperazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004597 plastic additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007281 self degradation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/24—Nitrogen compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/39—Photocatalytic properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/08—Heat treatment
- B01J37/082—Decomposition and pyrolysis
- B01J37/084—Decomposition of carbon-containing compounds into carbon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
- C02F2101/34—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C02F2101/345—Phenols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2305/00—Use of specific compounds during water treatment
- C02F2305/10—Photocatalysts
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Abstract
The present invention relates to catalysis materials, refer in particular to a kind of preparation method of the carbon nitride photocatalyst of surface amorphous carbon doping, belong to catalysis material preparation technical field.The present invention can obtain the carbon nitride photocatalyst material of bisphenol-A in energy efficient degradation water body only by urea and phenylmalonate mixing is calcined in Muffle furnace.The band structure of nitridation carbon surface can effectively be changed by the doping of surface amorphous carbon, there are potential differences for the nitridation carbon surface that can make this surface amorphous carbon doping due to the difference of band structure and inside, to construct the material of itself built in field, achieve the purpose that extract carrier from inside to outside, further extend the service life of carrier, increase the probability reacted with oxygen and water, promote the generation of living radical, promotes Photocatalytic activity.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to catalysis materials, refer in particular to a kind of preparation side of the carbon nitride photocatalyst of surface amorphous carbon doping
Method belongs to catalysis material preparation technical field.
Background technique
Bisphenol-A is widely applied to as a kind of plastic additive in the production of plastics industry.However, bisphenol-A is
Be proved to be a kind of incretion interferent, into organism in can seriously affect physiological function, have carcinogenic, aberration inducing spy
Point, and its molecular structure stabilized, in nature very difficult self-degradation.Therefore, the bisphenol-A removed in industrial wastewater seems
It is particularly important.Currently, the mode of common processing sewage has physical absorption, chemical oxidation, biodegrade.But these modes respectively have
Disadvantage, and can not all handle the pollutant of low concentration.In recent years, emerging Photocatalyst is a kind of utilization
Organic pollutant direct oxidation in water water body is CO as driving source by sunlight2And H2The technological means of O, photocatalytic degradation
Technology can handle the organic pollutant of low concentration in water body, become the hot spot studied at present.
Graphite phase carbon nitride (g-C3N4) it is a kind of visible-light response type organic semiconductor photochemical catalyst emerging in recent years.
The characteristics of material is stablized with physicochemical properties, and preparation abundant raw material is easy to get, can absorb visible light.But pass through routine side
The block g-C that formula is prepared3N4The disadvantages such as it is poor that there are conductivities, and photo-generated carrier recombination rate is high, and photocatalytic activity is low.Pass through
To g-C3N4Composite modified building heterojunction structure extends the service life of photo-generated carrier, increases photo-generated carrier and oxygen and water are anti-
The probability answered, to promote superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical free radical, the yield of singlet oxygen isoreactivity species reaches and promotes its light
The purpose of catalyzing and degrading pollutant efficiency.Although increasing carrier separation efficiency by the compound heterojunction structure that can construct,
It is that interfacial contact in current various compound systems, between each material of compound is not close, and can also go out in interface
Now very more defects, these defects can play the role of carrier traps, this carrier for allowing for the overwhelming majority cannot
It is effective to utilize.Therefore, it is necessary to develop new means to carry out significantly more efficient extraction carrier.
Summary of the invention
For the disadvantage for overcoming existing composite material photocatalyst carrier utilization rate not high, the present invention provides a kind of operation
Simply, simple and easy to do, energy efficient degradation water body can be obtained only by urea and phenylmalonate mixing is calcined in Muffle furnace
The carbon nitride photocatalyst material of middle bisphenol-A.The energy of nitridation carbon surface can effectively be changed by the doping of surface amorphous carbon
Band structure, since the difference of band structure can make the nitridation carbon surface of this surface amorphous carbon doping and inside there is electricity
Potential difference achievees the purpose that extract carrier from inside to outside, further extends current-carrying to construct the material of itself built in field
The service life of son increases the probability reacted with oxygen and water, promotes the generation of living radical, promotes Photocatalytic activity.Benefit
The carbon nitride photocatalyst material for the amorphous carbon doping prepared with method of the invention shows very high photocatalysis
Bisphenol-A activity in degradation water body.Present invention process is simple, favorable reproducibility, and raw materials are very cheap and easy to get, convenient for batch
Production.
In order to achieve the object of the present invention, the technical solution adopted by the present invention, the specific steps are as follows:
(1) preparation of surface amorphous carbon doping carbon nitride precursor: a certain amount of urea and a certain amount of phenylmalonate are mixed
Conjunction is uniformly placed in ceramic crucible and covers crucible cover;
(2) ceramic crucible is placed in Muffle furnace after being warming up to certain temperature and is calcined, cooled to room temperature can obtain after calcining
The carbon nitride photocatalyst material adulterated to surface amorphous carbon.
Preferably, the mass ratio of step (1) urea and phenylmalonate is 1000:1-1000:9;It is preferred that 1000:3.
Preferably, step (1) hybrid mode is solid phase mixing.
Preferably, step (2) the Muffle furnace heating rate is 1-10 DEG C/min.
Preferably, step (2) the Muffle furnace calcination temperature is 500-580 DEG C, retention time 0.5-4h.
The utility model has the advantages that
The present invention is compared with the technology of existing synthesis carbonitride, and have apparent advantage: preparation process is simple to operation, passes through
Urea and phenylmalonate mixing are calcined in Muffle furnace can obtain the carbon nitride photocatalyst of bisphenol-A in energy efficient degradation water body
Material.The carbon nitride photocatalyst material for the surface amorphous carbon doping that method of the invention is prepared shows very high
Bisphenol-A activity in photocatalytic degradation water body is 0.03g in catalyst amount, can be 10mg/mL by 60mL concentration in 60min
Bisphenol-A is all degraded.Present invention process is simple, favorable reproducibility, and raw materials are very cheap and easy to get, convenient for batch production.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is prepared block g-C3N4And the XRD spectra of obtained nitride porous carbon sample.
Fig. 2 is g-C3N4And the carbon nitride photocatalyst material sample of the surface amorphous carbon doping of different phenylmalonate dopings
FT-IR spectrogram.
Fig. 3 is g-C3N4And the purple of the carbon nitride photocatalyst material of the surface amorphous carbon doping of different phenylmalonate dopings
Outside-visible light diffusing reflection absorbs (DRS) map.
Fig. 4 is g-C3N4And the carbon nitride photocatalyst material of the surface amorphous carbon doping of different phenylmalonate dopings is consolidated
Body fluorescence (PL) map.
Fig. 5 is g-C3N4And the carbon nitride photocatalyst material degradation of the surface amorphous carbon doping of different phenylmalonate dopings
Bisphenol-A activity figure.
Fig. 6 is g-C3N4And the drawing of the carbon nitride photocatalyst material of the surface amorphous carbon doping of different phenylmalonate dopings
Graceful spectrogram.
Specific embodiment
It is several embodiments of the present invention below, further illustrates the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention not only limits
In this.
Embodiment 1 (data include endpoint and centre)
The preparation of the carbon nitride photocatalyst material of surface amorphous carbon doping, concrete operations are as follows: weigh 10.0g urea and
0.01g phenylmalonate ground and mixed in agate mortar is uniform.Then obtained mixture is added to 100mL ceramic crucible
In, and cover crucible cover.Finally the ceramic crucible for filling carbon nitride photocatalyst material precursor is put into Muffle furnace with 1
DEG C/the heating rate temperature programming of min to 500 DEG C, keep allowing its cooled to room temperature that surface is prepared after 1h amorphous
The carbon nitride photocatalyst material of carbon doping.It is named as CN-PhA10。
Embodiment 2
The preparation of the carbon nitride photocatalyst material of surface amorphous carbon doping, concrete operations are as follows: weigh 10.0g urea and
0.03g phenylmalonate ground and mixed in agate mortar is uniform.Then obtained mixture is added to 100mL ceramic crucible
In, and cover crucible cover.Finally the ceramic crucible for filling carbon nitride photocatalyst material precursor is put into Muffle furnace with 2
DEG C/the heating rate temperature programming of min to 520 DEG C, keep allowing its cooled to room temperature that surface is prepared after 2h amorphous
The carbon nitride photocatalyst material of carbon doping.It is named as CN-PhA30。
Embodiment 3
The preparation of the carbon nitride photocatalyst material of surface amorphous carbon doping, concrete operations are as follows: weigh 10.0g urea and
0.06g phenylmalonate ground and mixed in agate mortar is uniform.Then obtained mixture is added to 100mL ceramic crucible
In, and cover crucible cover.Finally the ceramic crucible for filling carbon nitride photocatalyst material precursor is put into Muffle furnace with 3
DEG C/the heating rate temperature programming of min to 550 DEG C, keep allowing its cooled to room temperature that surface is prepared after 4h amorphous
The carbon nitride photocatalyst material of carbon doping.It is named as CN-PhA60。
Embodiment 4
The preparation of the carbon nitride photocatalyst material of surface amorphous carbon doping, concrete operations are as follows: weigh 10.0g urea and
0.09g phenylmalonate ground and mixed in agate mortar is uniform.Then obtained mixture is added to 100mL ceramic crucible
In, and cover crucible cover.Finally the ceramic crucible for filling carbon nitride photocatalyst material precursor is put into Muffle furnace with 10
DEG C/the heating rate temperature programming of min to 580 DEG C, keep allowing its cooled to room temperature that surface is prepared after 4h amorphous
The carbon nitride photocatalyst material of carbon doping.It is named as CN-PhA90。
XRD, FT-IR, DRS, PL characterization of catalyst are as shown in Figure 1,2,3, 4.
Fig. 1: being had found by XRD analysis, and after being adulterated by surface amorphous carbon, there is no significantly changing for the crystal form of carbonitride
Become.
Fig. 2: being had found by FT-IR analysis, and prepared carbonitride has complete seven piperazines structural unit, the introducing of amorphous carbon
There is no the inherent molecular structures for changing carbonitride.
Fig. 3: being had found by DRS analysis, and with the increase of the additional amount of phenylmalonate, carbonitride increases the absorption of visible light.
Fig. 4: it by PL analysis it is known that the introducing of phenylmalonate reduces the recombination rate of photo-generated carrier really, extends
Carrier lifetime.
Fig. 5: for the activity figure of the carbon nitride photocatalyst material degradation bisphenol-A of surface amorphous carbon doping, in figure it can be found that
Compared to undoped g-C3N4, surface amorphous carbon doping carbon nitride photocatalyst material degradation bisphenol-A activity obviously mention
It rises, is all 0.03g in catalyst amount, target contaminant dosage is in 60mL (10mg/mL) simulated experiment, compared to free-nitrogen
Change carbon, CN-PhA30Can degrade completion in 60min, and degradation efficiency improves many.
Fig. 6 is g-C3N4And the drawing of the carbon nitride photocatalyst material of the surface amorphous carbon doping of different phenylmalonate dopings
Graceful spectrogram, as can be seen from Figure 6 carbon nitride photocatalyst material surface doping amorphous carbon.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of preparation method of the carbon nitride photocatalyst of surface amorphous carbon doping, which is characterized in that specific preparation step
It is as follows:
(1) preparation of surface amorphous carbon doping carbon nitride precursor: a certain amount of urea and a certain amount of phenylmalonate are mixed
Conjunction is uniformly placed in ceramic crucible and covers crucible cover;
(2) ceramic crucible is placed in Muffle furnace after being warming up to certain temperature and is calcined, cooled to room temperature can obtain after calcining
The carbon nitride photocatalyst material adulterated to surface amorphous carbon.
2. a kind of preparation method of the carbon nitride photocatalyst of surface amorphous carbon doping as described in claim 1, feature
It is, in step (1), the mass ratio of the urea and phenylmalonate is 1000:1-1000:9.
3. a kind of preparation method of the carbon nitride photocatalyst of surface amorphous carbon doping as claimed in claim 2, feature
It is, in step (1), the mass ratio of the urea and phenylmalonate is 1000:3.
4. a kind of preparation method of the carbon nitride photocatalyst of surface amorphous carbon doping as described in claim 1, feature
It is, in step (1), the hybrid mode is solid phase mixing.
5. a kind of preparation method of the carbon nitride photocatalyst of surface amorphous carbon doping as described in claim 1, feature
It is, in step (2), the Muffle furnace heating rate is 1-10 DEG C/min.
6. a kind of preparation method of the carbon nitride photocatalyst of surface amorphous carbon doping as described in claim 1, feature
It is, in step (2), the Muffle furnace calcination temperature is 500-580 DEG C, retention time 0.5-4h.
7. the use of the carbon nitride photocatalyst of amorphous carbon doping in surface prepared by the preparation method as described in claim 1-6 is any
On the way, which is characterized in that for the bisphenol-A in photocatalytic degradation water body.
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CN111672531A (en) * | 2020-06-09 | 2020-09-18 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Carbon-coated carbon nitride nanowire, preparation method thereof and application of carbon-coated carbon nitride nanowire in photocatalytic degradation of bisphenol A |
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