CN109526729A - 一种金荞麦种植用较方便的品种选育方法 - Google Patents

一种金荞麦种植用较方便的品种选育方法 Download PDF

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CN109526729A
CN109526729A CN201811446902.2A CN201811446902A CN109526729A CN 109526729 A CN109526729 A CN 109526729A CN 201811446902 A CN201811446902 A CN 201811446902A CN 109526729 A CN109526729 A CN 109526729A
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胡涛
郭刚
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Bijie Qixingguan District Science And Technology Office (bijie Qixingguan District Intellectual Property Office)
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01HNEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H1/00Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
    • A01H1/02Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01HNEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H1/00Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
    • A01H1/04Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种金荞麦种植用较方便的品种选育方法,金荞麦种植用较方便的品种选育方法包括;选用黔金荞麦1号为亲本A,选用开阳金荞麦为亲本B,以亲本A为父本,种子经过100ppm赤霉素溶液或下水浴30分钟,再按间距30~50cm进行播种,采用节段快速繁殖方法,在金荞麦苗期或盛花期前,将茎秆剪成带2‑3个节的茎段。该金荞麦种植用较方便的品种选育方法,通过阳金荞麦与黔金荞麦1号进行杂交,经过多次杂交,精选,得出选择抗病情能力强、叶片完整度高,无明显枯黄、倒俯,根茎粗壮,无虫斑,高大壮杆、株型紧凑且抗病、种子品质优的品系。

Description

一种金荞麦种植用较方便的品种选育方法
技术领域
本发明涉及金荞麦种植技术领域,具体为一种金荞麦种植用较方便的品种选育方法。
背景技术
金荞麦为蓼科植物金荞麦的干燥根茎,别名苦荞麦、野桥荞麦、天荞麦,其性凉,味辛、苦,有清热解毒、活血化瘀、健脾利湿的作用,主产于陕西、江苏、浙江、湖北、湖南等省,华东一带也可栽培,在栽培过程中需要采用事先育苗选苗,保证在后续收获金荞麦中,不易出现颗粒不均,霉变严重,收成低的情况。
现有的选育方法效果不佳,在品种选育中可能出现金荞麦不具备良好的抗病害能力,导致在种植中不需要喷洒大量杀虫剂,同时在收获过程中金荞麦颗粒不够饱满,食用价值低。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种金荞麦种植用较方便的品种选育方法,以解决上述背景技术中提出的选育方法效果不佳,在品种选育中可能出现金荞麦不具备良好的抗病害能力,导致在种植中不需要喷洒大量杀虫剂,同时在收获过程中金荞麦颗粒不够饱满,食用价值低的问题。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:金荞麦种植用较方便的品种选育方法包括;
(1)选用黔金荞麦1号为亲本A,选用开阳金荞麦为亲本B,以亲本A为父本,将亲本A与亲本B进行杂交,获得F1代种子;
(2)种植F1代,与亲本A回交,获得回交BC1F1代种子;
(3)种植BC1F1代种子,自交,收获BC1F2代种子;
(4)种植BC1F2代种子,选择成熟期时具有高大壮杆特征的单株,收获BC1F3代种子;
(5)种植BC1F33代种子,选择抽穗饱满,挂粒能力强的单株,收获BC1F4代种子;
(6)种植BC1F4代种子,选择抗病情能力强的单株,收获BC1F5代种子;
(7)种植BC1F5代,选择高大壮杆、株型紧凑且抗病、种子品质优的品系,得到金荞麦种植优秀的品种。
优选的、所述亲本A为黔金荞麦1号。
优选的、所述亲本B为开阳金荞麦。
优选的、所述的亲本A为黔金荞麦1号,所述的亲本B为开阳金荞麦。
优选的、所述步骤(4),种子经过100ppm赤霉素溶液或下水浴30分钟,再按间距30~50cm进行播种,采用节段快速繁殖方法,在金荞麦苗期或盛花期前,将茎秆剪成带2-3个节的茎段。
优选的、所述步骤(5),选用叶三角形,长4-12厘米,宽3-11厘米,顶端渐尖,基部近戟形,边缘全缘,两面具乳头状突起或被柔毛;叶柄长可达10厘米;托叶鞘筒状,膜质,褐色,长5-10毫米,偏斜,顶端截形,无缘毛。
优选的、所述步骤(6),选用叶片完整度高,无明显枯黄、倒俯,根茎粗壮,无虫斑。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:该金荞麦种植用较方便的品种选育方法,通过阳金荞麦与黔金荞麦1号进行杂交,经过多次杂交,精选,得出选择抗病情能力强、叶片完整度高,无明显枯黄、倒俯,根茎粗壮,无虫斑,高大壮杆、株型紧凑且抗病、种子品质优的品系;
通过种植,种子需经过经过100ppm赤霉素溶液或下水浴30分钟,再按间距30~50cm进行播种,采用节段快速繁殖方法,在金荞麦苗期或盛花期前,将茎秆剪成带2-3个节的茎段,保证在种植过程中提高种子存活率。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明提供一种技术方案:一种金荞麦种植用较方便的品种选育方法,金荞麦种植用较方便的品种选育方法包括;
(1)选用黔金荞麦1号为亲本A,选用开阳金荞麦为亲本B,以亲本A为父本,将亲本A与亲本B进行杂交,获得F1代种子;
(2)种植F1代,与亲本A回交,获得回交BC1F1代种子;
(3)种植BC1F1代种子,自交,收获BC1F2代种子;
(4)种植BC1F2代种子,选择成熟期时具有高大壮杆特征的单株,收获BC1F3代种子,种子经过100ppm赤霉素溶液或下水浴30分钟,再按间距30~50cm进行播种,采用节段快速繁殖方法,在金荞麦苗期或盛花期前,将茎秆剪成带2-3个节的茎段;
(5)种植BC1F33代种子,选择抽穗饱满,挂粒能力强的单株,收获BC1F4代种子,选用叶三角形,长4-12厘米,宽3-11厘米,顶端渐尖,基部近戟形,边缘全缘,两面具乳头状突起或被柔毛;叶柄长可达10厘米;托叶鞘筒状,膜质,褐色,长5-10毫米,偏斜,顶端截形,无缘毛;
(6)种植BC1F4代种子,选择抗病情能力强的单株,收获BC1F5代种子,选用叶片完整度高,无明显枯黄、倒俯,根茎粗壮,无虫斑;
(7)种植BC1F5代,选择高大壮杆、株型紧凑且抗病、种子品质优的品系,得到金荞麦种植优秀的品种。
选用阳金荞麦与黔金荞麦1号进行杂交,生产出的种子进行保留,得到第一代选育种子,通过F1代与亲本A回交,获得第二代种子,通过种植第二代种子,自交,得到第三代种子,通过种植,种子需经过经过100ppm赤霉素溶液或下水浴30分钟,再按间距30~50cm进行播种,采用节段快速繁殖方法,在金荞麦苗期或盛花期前,将茎秆剪成带2-3个节的茎段,保证在种植过程中提高种子存活率,收获期,寻找支杆粗壮的金荞麦的种子,得到第四代种子,种植第四代种子,选取抽穗饱满,挂粒能力强的单株,选用叶三角形,长4-12厘米,宽3-11厘米,顶端渐尖,基部近戟形,边缘全缘,两面具乳头状突起或被柔毛;叶柄长可达10厘米;托叶鞘筒状,膜质,褐色,长5-10毫米,偏斜,顶端截形,无缘毛,保证选育出的种子,颗粒饱满,抽穗多,同时无畸形种子,得到第五代种子,种植第五代种子,选择抗病情能力强的单株,选用叶片完整度高,无明显枯黄、倒俯,根茎粗壮,无虫斑,高大壮杆、株型紧凑且抗病、种子品质优的品系,该品系为最终金荞麦种植品种。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例,对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型,本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (7)

1.一种金荞麦种植用较方便的品种选育方法,其特征在于:金荞麦种植用较方便的品种选育方法包括;
(1)选用黔金荞麦1号为亲本A,选用开阳金荞麦为亲本B,以亲本A为父本,将亲本A与亲本B进行杂交,获得F1代种子;
(2)种植F1代,与亲本A回交,获得回交BC1F1代种子;
(3)种植BC1F1代种子,自交,收获BC1F2代种子;
(4)种植BC1F2代种子,选择成熟期时具有高大壮杆特征的单株,收获BC1F3代种子;
(5)种植BC1F33代种子,选择抽穗饱满,挂粒能力强的单株,收获BC1F4代种子;
(6)种植BC1F4代种子,选择抗病情能力强的单株,收获BC1F5代种子;
(7)种植BC1F5代,选择高大壮杆、株型紧凑且抗病、种子品质优的品系,得到金荞麦种植优秀的品种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种金荞麦种植用较方便的品种选育方法,其特征在于:所述亲本A为黔金荞麦1号。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种金荞麦种植用较方便的品种选育方法,其特征在于:所述亲本B为开阳金荞麦。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种金荞麦种植用较方便的品种选育方法,其特征在于:所述的亲本A为黔金荞麦1号,所述的亲本B为开阳金荞麦。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种金荞麦种植用较方便的品种选育方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(4),种子经过100ppm赤霉素溶液或下水浴30分钟,再按间距30~50cm进行播种,采用节段快速繁殖方法,在金荞麦苗期或盛花期前,将茎秆剪成带2-3个节的茎段。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种金荞麦种植用较方便的品种选育方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(5),选用叶三角形,长4-12厘米,宽3-11厘米,顶端渐尖,基部近戟形,边缘全缘,两面具乳头状突起或被柔毛;叶柄长可达10厘米;托叶鞘筒状,膜质,褐色,长5-10毫米,偏斜,顶端截形,无缘毛。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种金荞麦种植用较方便的品种选育方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(6),选用叶片完整度高,无明显枯黄、倒俯,根茎粗壮,无虫斑。
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CN107347408A (zh) * 2017-07-26 2017-11-17 昆明藏贸科技有限公司 一种苦荞的高产种植方法
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CN107347408A (zh) * 2017-07-26 2017-11-17 昆明藏贸科技有限公司 一种苦荞的高产种植方法
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