CN109526684A - 一种复合植生材料及制备方法 - Google Patents

一种复合植生材料及制备方法 Download PDF

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CN109526684A
CN109526684A CN201811462905.5A CN201811462905A CN109526684A CN 109526684 A CN109526684 A CN 109526684A CN 201811462905 A CN201811462905 A CN 201811462905A CN 109526684 A CN109526684 A CN 109526684A
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layer
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王小文
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CHANGSHA JIANYI NEW MATERIAL Co Ltd
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    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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    • B32B9/04—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种复合植生材料，该复合植生材料包括从上往下依次设置的土工布层、营养纤维层、种子层和底布层，所述土工布层为丙纶无纺布，本发明还提供了上述材料的制备方法。本发明的复合植生材料，解决了传统植生材料抗拉强度低、耐磨性能差，在施工中容易被刺破，护坡效果不能持久的问题，也解决了新兴植生材料保水能力较差，植物不能正常生长的问题，适用范围广，防护效果优良，在种植和输送过程中不破裂，运输方便，施工容易，可直接应用于之植物栽培、城市园林绿化、边坡绿化和水土保持。

Description

一种复合植生材料及制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于纺织技术领域，具体涉及一种复合植生材料及制备方法。
背景技术
在高速公路、高速铁路等基础设施的建设和矿山的大规模开发过程中，会形成大量裸露的土石和边坡，造成植被破坏和水土流失，对生态环境产生负面影响。
传统的土石边坡防护技术主要采用水泥和块石等硬体材料进行防护，虽然可以减少水土流失，但施工周期长、造价高，且坡面硬化后难以再进行绿化。
新兴的植生材料方面，CN205124607U公开了一种用于无土栽培的可降解非织造布复合植生材料，包括三层非织造布材料，底布为厚型非织造布过滤材料，中间夹层为立体异型网状结构非织造布，表层为薄型可降解非织造布，该非织造布复合植生材料全部采用可生物降解纤维制备，并根据植物生长和环境美化需要研制不同间距、不同图案、不同高度的立体结构，可达到美观、实用、节约的目的，而且上层和中层的非织造布在种子发芽后自然降解成营养基质，底层的非织造布根据需要回收或降解。然而，该复合植生材料各层之间仅是简单叠放拼接，复合材料的抗拉强度及耐磨性能较差，只适用于温室中的植物育苗和农业生产，不能用于裸露土石边坡的水土保持和生态修复。CN202658611U公开了一种植生护坡材料，包括上层材料和下层材料，上层材料为无纺布，下层材料为网格布，该植生护坡材料利于植草的根系穿透扎入下层土壤或石缝，用作生态护坡堤岸主要的承载材料，同时将具有不同物理性质的无纺布和网格布通过胶粘剂粘结，这样两种材料间不易混杂，可以保持整体植生护坡材料结构和功能的稳定，其制备工艺简单，成本低，适宜大面积推广应用。然而，该种护坡材料虽然有利于植物的生长，但因其无法提供植物生长所需的营养物质，只适用于沙地等的生态护坡，若用于土石边坡，还需在植生护坡材料上面铺设草皮。
综上，现有的植生材料的抗拉强度低、耐磨性能较差，在施工中容易被刺破，护坡效果不能持久，限制了该项技术在土石边坡防护方面的应用。新兴的植生材料，虽然缩短了施工周期，降低了绿化难度，但由于植生材料携带的营养物质较少，保水能力较差，植物往往因为缺少养分或水分不能正常生长，起不到绿化和生态防护的作用。因此，仍需一种新的植生材料。
发明内容
为解决现有技术中存在的问题，本发明的目的之一是提供一种复合植生材料。
本发明的目的之二是提供上述复合植生材料的制备方法。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：
一种复合植生材料，包括从上往下依次设置的土工布层、营养纤维层、种子层和底布层，所述土工布层为丙纶无纺布。
优选地，所述丙纶无纺布的厚度为0.2mm。
优选地，所述营养纤维层原料包括以下重量份计的组分：
椰糠10～20份，
豆粕20～30份，
角蛋白纤维10～20份。
优选地，所述种子层中的种子包括多花木兰、刺槐和沙棘中的至少一种。
优选地，所述底布层为涤纶短纤土工布。
进一步优选地，所述涤纶短纤土工布的厚度为1.5mm。
进一步优选地，所述涤纶短纤土工布的克重为120～150g/m2。
上述复合植生材料的制备方法，步骤包括：
(1)向所述底布层上铺洒种子后，覆盖所述营养纤维层用纱线缝合，得半成品；
(2)向步骤(1)半成品的营养纤维层上覆盖土工布层后再次用纱线缝合，使所述土工布层、营养纤维层、种子层和底布层贯穿连接为一体。
优选地，所述缝合的行距为20～30cm。
土工布层为丙纶无纺布，具有良好的力学功能，透水性好，并能抗腐蚀，抗老化，具有隔离、反滤、排水、保护、稳固、加筋等功能，能适应凹凸不平的基层，能抵抗施工外力破坏，蠕变小，长期荷载下仍能保持原有的功能。此外，还有保湿锁水作用，有利种子迅速萌芽生长，形成绿色植被，用于各种绿化工程。
营养纤维层中含有能促进种子发芽的营养成分，加速种子发芽生长。
底布层为涤纶短纤土工布，短纤土工布为透水材料，具有很好的反滤隔离功能，是用于土建工程中的一种新型施工材料，由涤纶或丙纶纤维经过不同的设备和工艺铺排成网状，再经过针刺等工艺让不同的纤维相互交织在一起，相互缠结固着使织物规格化，让织物柔软、丰满、厚实、硬挺，以达到不同的厚度满足使用要求。短纤土工布不含化学添加剂，是环保型的建筑材料，具有良好的力学性能，透水性好，并能抗腐蚀，抗老化，还具有很强的抗埋、耐腐性能，结构蓬松，同时也具有很好的排水性能，有很好的摩擦系数与抗拉强度，有隔离、反滤、排水、保护、稳固、加强等功能，能适应凹凸不平的基层，抵抗施工外力破坏，蠕变小，整体连续性好、重量轻、施工方便，抗穿刺能力强，保护性能好。此外，涤纶短纤土工布还有高透水性，在土水的压力下，仍能保持良好的透水性，能防止种子浸水腐烂。
本发明的有益效果
1、本发明的复合植生材料，解决了传统植生材料抗拉强度低、耐磨性能差，在施工中容易被刺破，护坡效果不能持久的问题，也解决了新兴植生材料保水能力较差，植物不能正常生长的问题；
2、本发明的复合植生材料，适用范围广，防护效果优良，通过从上往下依次设置土工布层、营养纤维层、种子层和底布层，土工布层保湿锁水作用显著，有利种子迅速萌芽生长，形成绿色植被，营养纤维层中含有能促进种子发芽的营养成分，加速种子发芽生长，底布层抗穿刺能力强，保护性能好，在土水的压力下，仍能保持良好的透水性，能防止种子浸水腐烂；
3、本发明的复合植生材料，在种植和输送过程中不破裂，运输方便，施工容易，可直接应用于之植物栽培、城市园林绿化、边坡绿化和水土保持。
具体实施方式
以下是本发明的具体实施例，并结合实施例对本发明的技术方案作进一步的描述，但本发明并不限于这些实施例。
实施例1
一种复合植生材料，包括从上往下依次设置的土工布层、营养纤维层、种子层和底布层，所述土工布层为丙纶无纺布。
丙纶无纺布的厚度为0.2mm。
营养纤维层原料包括以下重量份计的组分：椰糠10份，豆粕20份，角蛋白纤维10份。
种子层中的种子为多花木兰。
底布层为涤纶短纤土工布。
涤纶短纤土工布的厚度为1.5mm，克重为120g/m2。
实施例2
一种复合植生材料，包括从上往下依次设置的土工布层、营养纤维层、种子层和底布层，所述土工布层为丙纶无纺布。
丙纶无纺布的厚度为0.2mm。
营养纤维层原料包括以下重量份计的组分：椰糠20份，豆粕30份，角蛋白纤维20份。
种子层中的种子为沙棘。
底布层为涤纶短纤土工布。
丙纶短纤土工布的厚度为1.5mm，克重为150g/m2。
实施例3
一种复合植生材料，包括从上往下依次设置的土工布层、营养纤维层、种子层和底布层，所述土工布层为丙纶无纺布。
丙纶无纺布的厚度为0.2mm。
营养纤维层原料包括以下重量份计的组分：椰糠15份，豆粕25份，角蛋白纤维15份。
种子层中的种子为刺槐。
底布层为涤纶短纤土工布。
涤纶短纤土工布的厚度为1.5mm，克重为130g/m2。
对比例1
一种复合植生材料，包括从上往下依次设置的土工布层、营养纤维层、种子层和底布层，所述土工布层为丙纶无纺布。
丙纶无纺布的厚度为0.2mm。
营养纤维层原料包括以下重量份计的组分：椰糠15份，豆粕25份，角蛋白纤维15份。
种子层中的种子为刺槐。
底布层为涤纶短纤土工布。
涤纶短纤土工布的厚度为1.5mm，克重为80g/m2。

Claims (9)

1.一种复合植生材料，其特征在于，包括从上往下依次设置的土工布层、营养纤维层、种子层和底布层，所述土工布层为丙纶无纺布。
2.根据权利要求1所述的复合植生材料，其特征在于，所述丙纶无纺布的厚度为0.2mm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的复合植生材料，其特征在于，所述营养纤维层原料包括以下重量份计的组分：
椰糠10～20份，
豆粕20～30份，
角蛋白纤维10～20份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的复合植生材料，其特征在于，所述种子层中的种子包括多花木兰、刺槐和沙棘中的至少一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的复合植生材料，其特征在于，所述底布层为涤纶短纤土工布。
6.根据权利要求5所述的复合植生材料，其特征在于，所述涤纶短纤土工布的厚度为1.5mm。
7.根据权利要求5所述的复合植生材料，其特征在于，所述涤纶短纤土工布的克重为120～150g/m2。
8.根据权利要求1～7任一项所述复合植生材料的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤包括：
(1)向所述底布层上铺洒种子后，覆盖所述营养纤维层用纱线缝合，得半成品；
(2)向步骤(1)半成品的营养纤维层上覆盖土工布层后再次用纱线缝合，使所述土工布层、营养纤维层、种子层和底布层贯穿连接为一体。
9.根据权利要求8所述复合植生材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述缝合的行距为20～30cm。
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