CN109526341A - A kind of fertilizing method for mitigating boot stage chilling injury and rice being influenced - Google Patents
A kind of fertilizing method for mitigating boot stage chilling injury and rice being influenced Download PDFInfo
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- CN109526341A CN109526341A CN201910016029.1A CN201910016029A CN109526341A CN 109526341 A CN109526341 A CN 109526341A CN 201910016029 A CN201910016029 A CN 201910016029A CN 109526341 A CN109526341 A CN 109526341A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of fertilizing methods that mitigation boot stage chilling injury influences rice, belong to rice cultivating technique field.The fertilizing method is that phosphate fertilizer is made base manure disposably to apply crop field, nitrogenous fertilizer is base manure according to application mass ratio: fetilizer for tillering: ear manuer=6:3:1 applies crop field by stages, potash fertilizer is base manure according to application mass ratio: ear manuer=7:3 applies crop field by stages, and it is 100kg/ha that wherein total amount of application of potash fertilizer, which is scaled potassium oxide content,；The content that total amount of application of the nitrogenous fertilizer is scaled N is 150kg/ha；Total amount of application of the phosphate fertilizer is scaled P2O5Content be 55kg/ha.The fertilizing method, which can reduce boot stage chilling injury, influences rice, is of great significance to guarantee rice stable yields, is influenced suitable for prevention Rise's boot period by chilling injury.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fertilizing methods that mitigation boot stage chilling injury influences rice, belong to rice cultivating technique
Field.
Background technique
Rice is the important cereal crops in China, and China's Monitoring of Paddy Rice Plant Area in 2014 is up to 3087.11 ten thousand hm2, yield reaches
20823.96 ten thousand tons.According to statistics, the whole nation is every year because chilling injury makes paddy lose 5,000,000~10,000,000 tons.In three provinces in the northeast of China, put down
Primary biggish chilling injury just occurs within every 3~5 years, and small chilling injury can all occur every year, chilling injury at
For one of the principal element for influencing rice high yield stable yields.Rise's boot period meets with chilling injury to yield effect maximum, when serious
Will cause its, significantly the underproduction is even had no harvest, and analyzing its reason on the one hand is the male organs due to rice by chilling damage,
Anther does not crack or cracks and is obstructed, and the pollen grain number being dispersed on column cap is insufficient, has upset normal pollination, has eventually led to pollen and educate
Property reduce；On the other hand, metabolic process is destroyed, and reduces pollen activity and germination, hinders pollen tube extension.Cause
This, the cultivation technique measure of Rise's boot period chilling injury is resisted in research, influence of the chilling injury to rice yield is reduced, to true
It protects national food total yield and grows steadily and guarantee that national food security has a very important significance.
The technical measures of defence Analysis of Rice Chilling Injury mainly include the cold-resistant early-maturing variety of breeding, reasonable cultivation technique at present
Measure (in due course early sowing and transplanting, drought educate strong seedling), raising temperature of irrigation water etc., but above-mentioned defensive measure research lacks duration, wound
New property and systematicness.
Research about rational fertilization techniques defence Analysis of Rice Chilling Injury is concentrated mainly on Formula fertilization by soil testing measure
On, but the fertilizer practice measure operation link is more, and application is poor.Potassium is played in plant growth and development process to Guan Chong
The effect wanted can enhance plant sugar a variety of enzymatic activitys relevant to the primary metabolite of nitrogen, promote photosynthesis.Correlative study
Point out that yield can be improved by improving spikelets per panicle of rice by increasing potash fertilizer.Still lack at present about mitigation boot stage low temperature
Damage to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature the method for administration of the potash fertilizer and nitrogen phosphorus fertilizer that influence on rice.Research mitigates the potassium that boot stage chilling injury influences rice
The method of administration of fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer, formulates reasonable chemical control technique cultivation step, has important meaning to guarantee rice stable yields
Justice.
Summary of the invention
Lack to solve the prior art and is applied about potash fertilizer, the nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer for mitigating boot stage chilling injury and influencing on rice
The problem of with method, the present invention provides a kind of fertilizing method that mitigation boot stage chilling injury influences rice, the skills of use
Art scheme is as follows:
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of fertilizing method that mitigation boot stage chilling injury influences rice, the fertilisings
Method is that phosphate fertilizer is done to base manure disposably to apply crop field, and nitrogenous fertilizer is base manure: fetilizer for tillering according to application mass ratio: ear manuer=6:3:1 points
Phase applies crop field, and potash fertilizer is according to application quality than base manure: the application crop field by stages ear manuer=7:3, wherein total amount of application of potash fertilizer
Being scaled potassium oxide content is 100kg/ha；The content that total amount of application of the nitrogenous fertilizer is scaled N is 150kg/ha；The phosphate fertilizer
Total amount of application be scaled P2O5Content be 55kg/ha.
Preferably, the base manure is applied in the soaked field phase；The fetilizer for tillering is applied on the 10th day after rice transplanting；The ear manuer in
It applies within the 7th day after jointing.
Preferably, the potash fertilizer is from potassium sulfate；The phosphate fertilizer is from Diammonium phosphate (DAP)；The nitrogenous fertilizer is from phosphoric acid
Diammonium and urea.
Preferably, the temperature of the chilling injury is 17 ± 1 DEG C.
The present invention can obtain after compounding nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer compounding according to special ratios mitigates boot stage low temperature cold
Harmful effect, wherein potash fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer cooperate, and play the effect for mitigating boot stage chilling injury.
The invention has the advantages that:
The present invention provides a kind of fertilizing method that mitigation boot stage chilling injury influences rice, fertilizing method researchs
The method of administration that can reduce potash fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer that boot stage chilling injury influences rice, has formulated reasonableization
Planting technology measure is controlled, is of great significance to guarantee rice stable yields, finds that K Amounts are to be scaled oxidation after study
Potassium content is 100kg/ha, and total amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer is 150kg/ha (being scaled pure N)；Total amount of application of phosphate fertilizer is 55kg/ha
(it is scaled pure P2O5) when can obtain it is preferable mitigate boot stage chilling injury, apply rice dry matter after most suitable Potassium Fertilizer
Accumulation dynamic is more stable, Qi Suihou group keeps higher net assimilation rate, cold ground japonica rice maximum output and apparent output quantity compared with
Low, milking maturity to maturity period dry-matter accumulation amount increases, and can play grouting later period advantage, improve biological yield and economic production
Amount, and then improve cold ground japonica rice low-temperature resistance and coerce ability, while cold ground japonica rice yield can be improved to a certain extent, and to cold
Sensitive kind influence is more significant, and cold ground japonica rice yield, which can be improved, in application optimum dose potash fertilizer makes its yield reach normal irrigation
Horizontal 87.9% or so.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further described combined with specific embodiments below, but the present invention should not be limited by the examples.
Embodiment 1
(1) test material
The cold ground japonica rice variety east agriculture 428 and loose round-grained rice 10 that breeding time close cold resistance has differences.Wherein: eastern agriculture 428 is
Heilungkiang authorization in 2009, number: black careful rice 2009007, parental source: five excellent rice No. 1 (♀) east agriculture 423 (♂), breeding list
Position: Northeast Agricultural University's variety type；Loose round-grained rice 10 is Heilungkiang authorization in 2005, is numbered: black careful rice 2005005, parental source:
No. 5 Hejiangs (♀) 20 (♂) of distant round-grained rice, breeding unit: the second rice research institute, Heilongjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences, variety type: round-grained rice
Type conventional rice, cultivar origin: being female parent with distant round-grained rice 5, and Hejiang 20 is paternal hybrid, and pedigree method breeding forms.
(2) experimental design
1. the screening of most suitable Potassium Fertilizer under cold ground japonica rice boot stage Cold water irrigation
Test uses split block design, and K Amounts are primary area, and rice varieties are secondary area, and secondary area area is 18m2, primary area
Between make the isolation of the big ridge.
Fertilizing method: test is sowed mid-April, transplanting mid-May, line-spacing 30cm, hill spacing 13.3cm.Phosphate fertilizer makees base manure
Disposable to apply crop field, nitrogenous fertilizer is according to base manure: fetilizer for tillering: the Application Ratio (mass ratio) that ear manuer is 6:3:1 is applied, and potash fertilizer is according to base
Fertilizer: ear manuer is that the applicating ratio of 7:3 is administered, in which: total amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer is 150kg/ha (pure N), and phosphate fertilizer is always applied
Dosage is 55kg/ha (pure P2O5), each total amount of application for handling potash fertilizer is shown in Table 1；Potash fertilizer is from potassium sulfate；Phosphate fertilizer is from phosphorus
Acid diamine；Nitrogenous fertilizer is from phosphoric acid diamines and urea.Base manure is applied in the soaked field phase, fetilizer for tillering the 10th day application, ear manuer after transplanting
It applies within the 7th day after jointing, the specific amount of application of potash fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer is carried out according to table 1.
It simulates boot stage chilling injury: carrying out 7d cold water irrigation at paddy growth to boot stage and simulate boot stage low temperature cold
Evil；Wherein: boot stage Cold water irrigation starts to process the time with young Miho long about 1cm or so as standard；Treatment temperature be 17 DEG C (for
Heilongjiang Province's boot stage chilling injury identifies temperature)；Water depth maintains 15cm or so.17 DEG C of cold water are Deep Underground water (9
DEG C) mixed with water in sunning water pool (22 DEG C~24 DEG C) after formed, the cold water treatment time be daily early 6 points to 8 points of evening, during which every
Primary each cell water temperature is recorded within 5 minutes, and every 30 minutes calculating average temperatures, by adjusting the cold water amount of pouring into and water flow velocity
Degree, makes each cell water temperature of cold water treatment maintain 17 DEG C or so.
Normal irrigation: for water in sunning water pool (22 DEG C~24 DEG C), irrigation volume: water depth maintains 15cm or so.
Other manage same Production of Large Fields.With Pt100 thermometer measure water temperature, field weather automatic measuring instrument measures crop field gas
Temperature, light radiation amount.
As shown in table 1, nine experimental groups of CK, K0-K7 are divided into, wherein CK is normal irrigation control group, and K0-K7 is booting
Phase Cold water irrigation processing group, wherein K2 is cold water treatment control group.
1 Cold water irrigation of table handles potash fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer (kg/hm2)
2. applying influence of the most suitable Potassium Fertilizer to cold ground japonica rice yield composition under boot stage Cold water irrigation
Cold water treatment test uses RANDOMIZED BLOCK DESIGN, 3 repetitions.Experimental plot are as follows: the long 20m of row, every 16 row of area, line-spacing
30cm, hill spacing 13.3cm, every cave insert 3, plot area 96m2.Minizone ridge building, both sides set protection row.Setting normal irrigation,
Cold water irrigation, Cold water irrigation apply most suitable 3 test process of Potassium Fertilizer, specific fertilizing method such as table 2.Phase beginning in boot stage carries out
7d cold water irrigation, cold water treatment method and each processing fertilizing method are the same as test one.Other management are the same as general crop field.
2 Cold water irrigation of table handles potash fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer (kg/hm2)
Three, result of study
1. the screening of most suitable Potassium Fertilizer under cold ground japonica rice boot stage Cold water irrigation
As shown in Table 1, under boot stage Cold water irrigation tremble with fear ground japonica rice yield with Potassium Fertilizer increase in first increase after under
The variation tendency of drop, when Potassium Fertilizer is 100kg/ha (pure potassium) cold ground japonica rice yield highest, eastern agriculture 428 can reach normal irrigation
The 93% of horizontal (CK), loose round-grained rice 10 can reach horizontal 82% of normal irrigation.By variance analysis it is found that boot stage Cold water irrigation
Influence of the lower application of potash fertilizer to japonica rice yield component is embodied in, and setting percentage > number of productive ear > number of grain per ear > thousand
Weight.
Influence (2015 year) of the application of potash fertilizer to cold ground japonica rice yield component and yield under table 1 boot stage Cold water irrigation
2. applying influence of the most suitable Potassium Fertilizer to cold ground japonica rice yield composition under boot stage Cold water irrigation
It as shown in Table 2, can be to a certain extent when K Amounts are 100kg/ha compared with boot stage Cold water irrigation
Each Major Developmental period dry-matter accumulation amount after cold ground japonica rice ears is improved, but is still significantly lower than normal irrigation level, and kind
Between have differences；K4 processing is remarkably improved each growthdevelopmental stage dry accumulation and harvest index after eastern agriculture 428 is eared, though at K4
Each growthdevelopmental stage dry-matter accumulation amount and harvest index after loose round-grained rice 10 is eared can be improved in reason, but it does not show with Cold water irrigation difference
It writes.By variance analysis it is found that there are significance differences after milk stage for eastern agriculture 428 and 10 population matter accumulation of loose round-grained rice under K4 processing
It is different, illustrate after applying optimum dose potash fertilizer, since different cultivars grouting middle and later periods seed dry accumulation is different, thus causes group
There are significant differences for soma substance accumulation.It can be one in conclusion applying optimum dose potash fertilizer CGG under boot stage Cold water irrigation
Determine to improve japonica rice fertility middle and later periods (heading-maturity period) the population matter matter accumulation of cold ground in degree, and 428 amplification of eastern agriculture is more
Obviously；Eastern 428 harvest index of agriculture (0.48) is higher than loose round-grained rice 10 (0.46) after applying optimum dose potash fertilizer, shows that boot stage cold water is coerced
Application 428 population matter accumulation dynamic of optimum dose potash fertilizer east agriculture is relatively stable under compeling, and is substantial and yield the shape of storage capacity
At having established solid material base.
Influence (the kg/ that most suitable Potassium Fertilizer accumulates cold ground japonica rice population matter is applied under table 2 boot stage Cold water irrigation
Ha) (2016)
As shown in Table 3, compared with boot stage Cold water irrigation, application optimum dose potash fertilizer can be improved cold ground japonica rice ear at
Ripe phase population growth rate, but it is still significantly lower than normal irrigation level.The east agriculture of optimum dose potash fertilizer is applied under boot stage Cold water irrigation
428 heading stages-maturity period population growth rate is higher than loose round-grained rice 10, and the more loose round-grained rice 10 of population growth rate improves after eastern agriculture 428 is eared
22.4%.Illustrate when K Amounts are 100ka/ha, when photosynthetic capacity raising and photosynthetic function continue after eastern agriculture 428 is eared
Between extend, and then improve photosensitizing substance accumulation；Most suitable lower eastern 428 yield of agriculture of Potassium Fertilizer processing is administered simultaneously to reach
8260.93kg/ha, loose round-grained rice 10 are 6247.13kg/ha, increase separately 32.51% He compared with the processing of boot stage Cold water irrigation
19.12%, significant difference.
Japonica rice heading stage-maturity period group's net assimilation rate highest under normal irrigation level, and it is significant with other processing differences.
Compared with cold water control treatment, application optimum dose potash fertilizer processing can make group's heading stage-maturity period group's net assimilation rate aobvious
It writes and increases, 428 group's net assimilation rate ascensional range of Dong Nong is 15.71%, loose round-grained rice 10 is 27.81%.The above results show application
Most suitable potash fertilizer can Shi Qisuihou group keep higher net assimilation rate, this is the key reason that its yield is significantly higher than cold water control
One of.
Table 3 boot stage Cold water irrigation applies influence of the most suitable Potassium Fertilizer to Dry Matter Production after the heading of Han Di japonica rice group
(2016)
As known from Table 4, compared with boot stage Cold water irrigation, applying most suitable Potassium Fertilizer can be improved cold ground japonica rice stem sheath dry
Matter accumulation, maximum output rate and the decline of apparent output rating, but its stem sheath dry-matter accumulation amount is still below normal irrigation level.It is logical
The output of analysis different phase stem sheath substance is crossed with transporting changing rule it is found that compared with boot stage Cold water irrigation, is applied most suitable
Potassium Fertilizer is remarkably improved cold ground japonica rice milk stage to maturity period list stem and enriches amount again, but is still below normal irrigation level.It is comprehensive
It is upper described, compared with boot stage Cold water irrigation, apply cold ground japonica rice maximum output and apparent output quantity after most suitable Potassium Fertilizer
Lower, milking maturity to maturity period dry-matter accumulation amount increases, and can play grouting later period advantage, improve biological yield and economy
Yield, and then improve cold ground japonica rice low-temperature resistance and coerce ability.
The difference (2016) of the output and transhipment of cold ground japonica rice list stem stem sheath substance after table 4 is eared
As shown in Table 5, compared with boot stage Cold water irrigation, application of potash fertilizer dosage cold ground japonica rice Yield and yield components
Risen, but be still below normal irrigation level, and had differences between kind, eastern 428 yield amplification of agriculture is 32.51%, pine
Round-grained rice 10 is 19.12%.Illustrate that the most suitable Potassium Fertilizer of application can improve cold ground japonica rice yield to a certain extent, and to cold sensitivity
Kind influence it is more significant.
Influence of the most suitable Potassium Fertilizer to cold ground japonica rice Yield and yield components is applied under table 5 boot stage Cold water irrigation
(2016)
3, influence of the most suitable Potassium Fertilizer to ground japonica rice yield of trembling with fear under boot stage Cold water irrigation is investigated
Processing parameter and corresponding yield are as shown in table 6.As shown in Table 6, it compared with boot stage Cold water irrigation, applies most suitably used
Amount potash fertilizer can be improved cold ground japonica rice yield but be still significantly lower than normal irrigation level, its yield can be made to reach normal irrigation level
87.9% or so.
Influence (2017 year) of the most suitable Potassium Fertilizer to cold ground japonica rice yield is applied under table 6 boot stage Cold water irrigation
4, fertilizing method of the present invention is investigated to the applicability of other rice, the 3 japonica rice varieties verifyings of this experimental selection
For the most suitable Potassium Fertilizer of invention to the applicabilities of other rice, 3 japonica rice varieties are respectively as follows: eastern agriculture 427, imperial rice 7 and imperial rice 5, this
Most suitable K Amounts employed in experiment are 100kg/ha (pure potassium), are found through experiments that: compared with Cold water irrigation, working as potassium
Fertile dosage can be obviously improved 3 cold ground japonica rice variety yield when being 100kg/ha (pure potassium), while its yield being made to reach normal
86.9% or so of irrigation level.
Influence (2017 year) of the cold-resistance agent to cold ground japonica rice yield is applied under table 7 boot stage Cold water irrigation
Best with the most suitable Potassium Fertilizer test effect of the present invention in the above experiment, the present invention is when base manure application of potash fertilizer dosage
100kg/ha can preferably resist Rise's boot period chilling injury, caused by lowering because of boot stage chilling injury rice yield
It influences, to guarantee that total amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer is 150kg/ha (being scaled pure N) while obtaining said effect；Total application of phosphate fertilizer
Amount is that 55kg/ha (is scaled pure P2O5)。
Although the present invention has been disclosed in the preferred embodiment as above, it is not intended to limit the invention, any to be familiar with this
The people of technology can do various changes and modification, therefore protection of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention
Range should subject to the definition of the claims.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of fertilizing method for mitigating boot stage chilling injury and being influenced on rice, which is characterized in that it is primary that phosphate fertilizer is made base manure
Property apply crop field, nitrogenous fertilizer according to application mass ratio be base manure: fetilizer for tillering: ear manuer=6: by stages apply crop field at 3: 1, and potash fertilizer is according to application
Quality is than base manure: ear manuer=7: 3 application crop field by stages, and it is 100kg/ that wherein total amount of application of potash fertilizer, which is scaled potassium oxide content,
ha；The content that total amount of application of the nitrogenous fertilizer is scaled N is 150kg/ha；Total amount of application of the phosphate fertilizer is scaled P2O5Contain
Amount is 55kg/ha.
2. fertilizing method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the base manure is applied in the soaked field phase；The fetilizer for tillering in
It applies within the 10th day after rice transplanting；The ear manuer is applied on the 7th day after jointing.
3. fertilizing method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the potash fertilizer is from potassium sulfate；The phosphate fertilizer comes
From in Diammonium phosphate (DAP)；The nitrogenous fertilizer is from Diammonium phosphate (DAP) and urea.
4. fertilizing method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the temperature of the chilling injury is 17 ± 1 DEG C.
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