CN109524626A - A kind of Silicon Based Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of Silicon Based Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109524626A CN109524626A CN201710839437.8A CN201710839437A CN109524626A CN 109524626 A CN109524626 A CN 109524626A CN 201710839437 A CN201710839437 A CN 201710839437A CN 109524626 A CN109524626 A CN 109524626A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
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- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H01M4/386—Silicon or alloys based on silicon
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- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of lithium ion battery silicon based anode materials and preparation method thereof, belong to lithium ion battery negative material field.It is that raw material are prepared by ball-milling method that the silicon based anode material, which is by silicon and silica, in micro-scale is contacted with each other by silicon and silica dioxide granule and in the equally distributed composite material of three-dimensional space, the partial size of two kinds of particles is 50~300nm.In mechanical milling process, two kinds of raw material are obviously reduced in mixed uniformly while particle size, can more effectively discharge the stress that embedding lithium generates relative to block materials;Meanwhile electro-chemical activity is improved silica during the grinding process.The negative electrode material is in 0.5Ag‑1Under current density, capacity is maintained at 800~2000mAh g after 200 circulations‑1.The composite material has given full play to the characteristics of silicon materials height ratio capacity and silica good cycling stability, and the two is had complementary advantages, using earth silicon material generated in process of intercalation can not volume expansion of the anti-phase buffering silica-base material in charge and discharge process.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Silicon Based Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries, belong to lithium ion battery negative material field.
Background technique
From lithium ion battery commercialization since, lithium ion battery just with its energy density height, stable circulation, facilitate it is light and handy etc.
Advantage captures rapidly portable electronic device market;Currently, commercial lithium-ion batteries negative electrode material is mainly graphite, it is theoretical
Specific capacity is 372mAh g-1, far from meeting the needs of people are for high energy density cells, it is low to be badly in need of exploitation novel high-capacity
The negative electrode material of voltage.
The theoretical capacity of silicon is up to 4200mAh g-1, and its embedding reason current potential is low, rich reserves, be ideal next-generation lithium from
Sub- cell negative electrode material replacer;However the enormousness effect during silicon materials removal lithium embedded becomes its commercial applications of obstruction
Principal element.Nanosizing and Composite two major classes method are concentrated mainly on for the modification of silicon materials at present.
The Chinese patent of Publication No. CN101850959A provides a kind of preparation side of lithium ion battery silicon-carbon composite material
Nano silica fume is added in phenol monomer and the presoma of aldehyde monomer formation by method, this method, and under ultrasound condition, silicon powder uniformly divides
It is scattered in presoma, then calcining obtains Si-C composite material in particular atmosphere.Though this method can improve to a certain extent
Bulk effect, but processing step is complicated, is not easy to promote production.
The Chinese patent of Publication No. CN103236517A provides a kind of preparation method of silicon based anode material, this method
First then obtained product is obtained into the silicon nanoparticle of coated with silica by high-energy ball milling by silicon monoxide high-temperature calcination.
The material provides necessary space and padded coaming for the expansion of silicon, but the system of the energy consumption of this method and raw material silicon monoxide
Standby cost is higher.
The above method of modification in view of to(for) silicon materials, although be to a certain extent silicon expansion provide buffering or
The absolute volume expansion for reducing silicon, achievees the effect that improve its cyclical stability.But it is a in there are at high cost, energy consumption is high,
Process route is complicated, is not suitable for the disadvantages of large-scale production, it is therefore necessary to develop the new material of one kind and be able to solve silicon materials
Bulk effect and preparation process it is simple, it is low in cost, be suitble to large-scale production.
Silicon and silica by a step ball milling, are prepared Si/SiO by the present invention2Composite material.In mechanical milling process,
Silica is activated.Silica generated in process of intercalation can not anti-phase can effectively buffer the volume expansion of silicon;Silicon
Addition effectively increase the capacity of material entirety.It can achieve control capability by the ratio of regulation silicon and silica and follow
The purpose of ring stability reaches mutual supplement with each other's advantages.This method simple process, it is low in cost, be suitble to large-scale production.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention proposes a kind of novel Si/ primarily directed to the problems of current silicon based anode material
SiO2Composite material is prepared by a step ball-milling method, obtains the silicon based anode material of high capacity, stable cycle performance.
Another object of the present invention is somebody's turn to do to provide above-mentioned Silicon Based Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries preferred preparation method
Preparation method is low in cost, simple process, is suitble to large-scale production.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of lithium ion battery silicon based anode material, the Silicon Based Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries partial size be 50nm~
300nm;To be prepared by silicon materials and earth silicon material by ball-milling method, the silicon materials in terms of Si with silica material
Material is with SiO2Meter the mass ratio of the material is 1:0.1~10, and the ball-milling method is by silicon materials and earth silicon material in 400r/min
Ball milling 1h~60h under the revolving speed of~1000r/min, obtains the Silicon Based Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, preparation-obtained Silicon Based Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries is by silicon particle in micro-scale
It contacts with each other with silica dioxide granule and in the equally distributed composite material of three-dimensional space.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, the silicon materials are pure Si, one of silicon ingot, metallurgical grade silicon, industrial scrap silicon or several
Kind.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, the earth silicon material is pure SiO2, quartz sand, diatomite, in discarded optical fiber
One or more.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, the silicon materials are in terms of Si and earth silicon material is with SiO2Counting the mass ratio of the material is preferably
1:0.1~10.
Above-mentioned negative electrode material is in 0.5A g-1Under current density, after 200 circulations capacity be able to maintain 750~
2000mAh g-1。
The present invention also provides the preparation method of the lithium ion battery silicon based anode material:
(1) silicon materials and earth silicon material of the partial size in 0.5 μm~100 μ ms are weighed in ball grinder, make silicon
Material is in terms of Si and earth silicon material is with SiO2Meter the mass ratio of the material is 1:0.1~10, the ball-milling method be by silicon materials and
It is negative to obtain the lithium ion battery silicon substrate by earth silicon material ball milling 1h~60h under the revolving speed of 400r/min~1000r/min
Pole material
(2) abrading-ball is added, so that mill ball quality: silicon materials are in terms of Si with earth silicon material with SiO2The gross mass of meter
Than assembling ball grinder in an inert atmosphere, ball milling 1h~60h obtains under the revolving speed of 400r/min~1000r/min for 5~30:1
To the lithium ion battery silicon based anode material.
Further, inert atmosphere described in the above method is argon gas or nitrogen.
Bring advantageous effects of the present invention:
(1) Si/SiO that the present invention prepares2Composite material, has given full play to silicon materials height ratio capacity and silica follows
The good feature of ring stability, the two is had complementary advantages, using earth silicon material generated in process of intercalation can not anti-phase it is slow
Rush volume expansion of the silica-base material in charge and discharge process.By the ratio of regulation silicon and the raw material of silica, can regulate and control
Silicon oxygen element content ratio, and then control the ratio of active material and buffer medium, it is final realize silicon based anode material high capacity and
High circulation stability.
(2) Si/SiO of the invention2Composite negative pole material has the advantages that specific capacity is high, and performance is stablized, and the service life is long,
0.5A g-1Under current density, capacity is maintained at 1200mAh g after 200 circulations-1, negative compared to traditional commerce graphite
Pole and silicon based anode material now, such performance seem more superior.
(3) preparation method of Silicon Based Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries of the invention uses a step ball-milling method.In mechanical milling process
In, two kinds of raw material (Si and SiO2) be obviously reduced in mixed uniformly while particle size, can more have relative to block materials
Effect ground discharges the stress that embedding lithium generates;Moreover, silica with abrading-ball and inner wall continuous shock and process of lapping in crystal
Destructurized namely electro-chemical activity is improved.Compared with Conventional nano silicon materials synthetic method, one-step method ball milling is simple
Easy to operate, production cost is low, is easy to industrialization promotion.
(4) raw material sources of silicon based anode material of the invention are extensive.Silicon as the element abundant of content second in the earth's crust,
It is widely distributed at the earth's surface.Meanwhile most important raw material, either microelectronics or photovoltaic in silicon or semicon industry
Industry has a large amount of demand to silicon.Main component of the silica as quartz, and the industries such as building and glass are main
Raw material.Therefore, raw material sources used in this project are abundant, low in cost.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is Si/SiO2Composite material preparation process schematic diagram.By the raw material silicon particle of micro-meter scale and silica
Grain obtains the Si/SiO that particle size is submicron order by ball milling2Composite material.
Fig. 2 is embodiment 1Si/SiO2The SEM of composite material schemes.
Fig. 3 is embodiment 1Si/SiO2Composite material chemical property figure.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described further combined with specific embodiments below, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited in
This.
Embodiment 1
It weighs the pure silicon that partial size is 1 μm and the pure silicon dioxide that partial size is 1 μm is placed in ball grinder, make its molar ratio 1:
1.Abrading-ball is added, so that mill ball quality and silicon, silica total mass ratio are 20:1.Ball grinder is encapsulated under an argon atmosphere,
Ball milling 36h obtains Si/SiO under 800r/min2Composite material.
Above-mentioned material is in 0.5A g-1Under current density, initial charge capacity is 836mAh g-1, after 200 circulations
Capacity is able to maintain in 1200mAh g-1。
Embodiment 2
It weighs the pure silicon that partial size is 0.5 μm and the pure silicon dioxide that partial size is 20 μm is placed in ball grinder, make its molar ratio
For 1:10.Abrading-ball is added, so that mill ball quality and silicon, silica total mass ratio are 5:1.Ball milling is encapsulated under an argon atmosphere
Tank, ball milling 60h obtains Si/SiO at 1000r/min2Composite material.
Above-mentioned negative electrode material is in 0.5A g-1Under current density, initial charge capacity is 783mAh g-1, followed by 200 times
Capacity is able to maintain in 750mAh g after ring-1。
Embodiment 3
It weighs the pure silicon that partial size is 100 μm and the pure silicon dioxide that partial size is 0.5 μm is placed in ball grinder, make its molar ratio
For 1:0.1.Abrading-ball is added, so that mill ball quality and silicon, silica total mass ratio are 30:1.Ball milling is encapsulated under an argon atmosphere
Tank, ball milling 1h obtains Si/SiO at 400r/min2Composite material.
Above-mentioned negative electrode material is in 0.5A g-1Under current density, initial charge capacity is 2815mAh g-1, followed by 200 times
Capacity is able to maintain in 1940mAh g after ring-1。
Embodiment 4
It weighs the pure silicon that partial size is 10 μm and the pure silicon dioxide that partial size is 20 μm is placed in ball grinder, make its molar ratio
1:10.Abrading-ball is added, so that mill ball quality and silicon, silica total mass ratio are 15:1.Ball grinder is encapsulated under an argon atmosphere,
Ball milling 48h obtains Si/SiO at 500r/min2Composite material.
Embodiment 5
It weighs the pure silicon that partial size is 20 μm and the pure silicon dioxide that partial size is 20 μm is placed in ball grinder, make its molar ratio
1:10.Abrading-ball is added, so that mill ball quality and silicon, silica total mass ratio are 20:1.Ball grinder is encapsulated under an argon atmosphere,
Ball milling 48h obtains Si/SiO at 500r/min2Composite material.
Embodiment 6
Weigh the pure silicon that partial size is 10 μm and the quartz sand that partial size is 20 μm be placed in ball grinder, make pure silicon and quartz sand with
SiO2Meter the mass ratio of the material is 1:10.Abrading-ball is added, so that mill ball quality and pure silicon and quartz sand are with SiO2The total mass ratio of meter is
20:1.Ball grinder is encapsulated under an argon atmosphere, and ball milling 48h obtains Si/SiO at 500r/min2Composite material.
Embodiment 7
It weighs the silicon ingot that partial size is 10 μm and the quartz sand that partial size is 20 μm is placed in ball grinder, make silicon ingot in terms of Si and stone
Sand is with SiO2Count the mass ratio of the material 1:10.Abrading-ball is added, so that mill ball quality and silicon ingot are in terms of Si and quartz sand is with SiO2Meter
Total mass ratio is 20:1.Ball grinder is encapsulated under an argon atmosphere, and ball milling 36h obtains Si/SiO at 500r/min2Composite material.
Embodiment 8
It weighs the pure silicon that partial size is 10 μm and the pure silicon dioxide that partial size is 20 μm is placed in ball grinder, make its molar ratio
1:10.Abrading-ball is added, so that mill ball quality and silicon, silica total mass ratio are 20:1.Ball grinder is encapsulated in a nitrogen atmosphere,
Ball milling 36h obtains Si/SiO at 500r/min2Composite material.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of lithium ion battery silicon based anode material, it is characterised in that: the Silicon Based Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries grain
Diameter is 50nm~300nm;To be prepared by silicon materials and earth silicon material by ball-milling method, the silicon materials in terms of Si with
Earth silicon material is with SiO2Meter the mass ratio of the material is 1:0.1~10, and the ball-milling method is by silicon materials and earth silicon material
Ball milling 1h~60h under the revolving speed of 400r/min~1000r/min, obtains the Silicon Based Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries.
2. lithium ion battery silicon based anode material as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the silicon materials be pure Si,
One or more of silicon ingot, metallurgical grade silicon, industrial scrap silicon.
3. lithium ion battery silicon based anode material as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the earth silicon material is
Pure SiO2, quartz sand, diatomite, one or more of discarded optical fiber.
4. the preparation method of lithium ion battery silicon based anode material as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that the method
Are as follows:
(1) silicon materials and earth silicon material of the partial size in 0.5 μm~100 μ ms are weighed in ball grinder, make silicon materials
In terms of Si and earth silicon material is with SiO2Meter the mass ratio of the material is 1:0.1~10;
(2) abrading-ball is added, so that mill ball quality: silicon materials are in terms of Si with earth silicon material with SiO2The ratio of the gross mass of meter is 5
~30:1, assembles ball grinder in an inert atmosphere, and ball milling 1h~60h obtains institute under the revolving speed of 400r/min~1000r/min
State lithium ion battery silicon based anode material.
5. preparation method as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that: the inert atmosphere is argon gas or nitrogen.
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Cited By (6)
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CN111744626A (en) * | 2020-07-07 | 2020-10-09 | 宁波思创新能源研究院有限公司 | Preparation equipment of lithium ion battery cathode silicon-carbon composite material |
CN112331822A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2021-02-05 | 浙江工业大学 | Si/SiOxTernary composite material/G, preparation thereof and application of ternary composite material as negative electrode material of lithium ion battery |
CN113130858A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2021-07-16 | 华为技术有限公司 | Silicon-based negative electrode material, preparation method thereof, battery and terminal |
CN114068891A (en) * | 2021-02-20 | 2022-02-18 | 贝特瑞新材料集团股份有限公司 | Silicon-carbon composite negative electrode material, preparation method thereof and lithium ion battery |
CN114975955A (en) * | 2022-06-21 | 2022-08-30 | 珠海冠宇电池股份有限公司 | Silicon-based material and battery |
CN115799472A (en) * | 2022-12-09 | 2023-03-14 | 西安工业大学 | Preparation method of micron-sized silicon-metal-based composite lithium ion battery cathode material |
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CN113130858A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2021-07-16 | 华为技术有限公司 | Silicon-based negative electrode material, preparation method thereof, battery and terminal |
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CN114068891A (en) * | 2021-02-20 | 2022-02-18 | 贝特瑞新材料集团股份有限公司 | Silicon-carbon composite negative electrode material, preparation method thereof and lithium ion battery |
CN114975955A (en) * | 2022-06-21 | 2022-08-30 | 珠海冠宇电池股份有限公司 | Silicon-based material and battery |
CN114975955B (en) * | 2022-06-21 | 2024-03-19 | 珠海冠宇电池股份有限公司 | Silicon-based material and battery |
CN115799472A (en) * | 2022-12-09 | 2023-03-14 | 西安工业大学 | Preparation method of micron-sized silicon-metal-based composite lithium ion battery cathode material |
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