CN109523881B - Electrostatic field plotter and application method thereof - Google Patents
Electrostatic field plotter and application method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109523881B CN109523881B CN201811585613.0A CN201811585613A CN109523881B CN 109523881 B CN109523881 B CN 109523881B CN 201811585613 A CN201811585613 A CN 201811585613A CN 109523881 B CN109523881 B CN 109523881B
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- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
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- G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B23/06—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics
- G09B23/18—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics for electricity or magnetism
- G09B23/181—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics for electricity or magnetism for electric and magnetic fields; for voltages; for currents
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Abstract
The invention provides an electrostatic field plotter and a using method thereof, and relates to the technical field of experimental teaching instruments. The invention comprises the following steps: step 1: turning on a power switch, and adjusting the potential to adjust a preset voltage value; displaying on the potential indicator; step 2: the X-Y system and the describing probe move synchronously through the connecting plate, and when the voltage in the electrolytic bath is the same as the preset voltage, the power supply cabinet outputs the voltage to the printing head; and step 3: a coil in the printing head generates a magnetic field under the action of voltage, the magnetic conduction column rapidly pops downwards to enable the printing needle to leave a recording point on the plotting platform, the printing needle rapidly returns to the original position after leaving the recording point, and the plotting of the preset voltage is finished by analogy; and 4, step 4: according to the experimental requirements, the preset voltage is reset, and the steps 2-3 are repeated until the description of the whole electrostatic field required by the experiment is completed. The invention fundamentally eliminates the different axis error and improves the experimental efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of experimental teaching instruments, in particular to an electrostatic field plotter and a using method thereof.
Background
The electrostatic field plotter applied to the teaching of the physical experiment in the school at present can be divided into a double-layer plotter and a single-layer plotter according to different structures. Most of the existing electrostatic field plotters used in many college and university experimental classes use a double-layer structure plotter to plot an analog electrostatic field. The fixed handle seat of the existing instrument for connecting the upper probe and the lower probe has larger mass and larger friction force with the experiment table, and the moving position of the fixed handle seat is difficult to control when the fixed handle seat moves. Especially, at the moment from rest to movement and when the reading of the voltmeter is close to the voltage of the reference position to be measured and needs to be adjusted slightly, the control is difficult to be accurate, so that the error is large, the experiment effect is influenced, and the experiment difficulty is increased. Furthermore, the delineator of the double-layer structure is prone to "misalignment errors". When the probes on the upper and lower layers are not on the same axis, if the probes are not rotated during the drawing, the obtained electrostatic field distribution can be said to be the translation of the measured electric field. However, it is difficult to draw without rotation. When the coordinate paper rotates, an error exists between the equipotential points drawn on the coordinate paper and the actual electric field distribution condition, namely an 'different-axis error'. Although the single-layer plotter effectively avoids the different axis errors, the single-layer plotter needs to be tested in a darkroom, which is not beneficial to the development of teaching.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide an electrostatic field plotter and a using method thereof aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention fundamentally eliminates the non-coaxial error and improves the experimental efficiency;
in order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
in one aspect, the invention provides an electrostatic field plotter, which comprises a power supply cabinet, an electrostatic field plotting system, an electrolytic cell and electrodes;
the panel of the power supply cabinet is provided with a voltage output end (1), a potential adjustment (2), a potential indication (3), a power switch (4) and a socket (5), and the power supply cabinet is internally provided with an automatic detection circuit, a delay circuit and a drive circuit; the driving circuit comprises a resistor R1, a capacitor C4, a diode D4 and a relay; the power module comprises a power supply voltage stabilizing block input end, a power supply voltage stabilizing block output end and a power supply negative electrode to an external connection terminal; the relay comprises a knife pin 1, a normally closed contact pin 2, a normally open contact pin 3, a coil pin 4 and a coil pin 5; the output end of the automatic detection circuit is connected with the input end of the delay circuit, the output end of the delay circuit is connected with a coil pin 4, a coil pin 5 is connected with a power supply cathode, one end of a capacitor C4 is connected with the power supply cathode, the other end of the capacitor C4 is connected with a knife pin 1, a normally closed contact pin 2 is connected with one end of a resistor R1, the other end of the resistor R1 is connected with the input end of a power supply voltage stabilizing block, a normally open contact pin 3 is connected with a printing head, one end of a diode D4 is connected with the power supply cathode, and the;
the electrostatic field depicting system comprises a depicting platform, a depicting probe, a connecting plate and an X-Y system; the X-Y system comprises a beam, a printing head, a bracket, a pulley and a main pulley; the printing head comprises a main coil, a spring, a printing needle, a magnetic conduction column, a support frame, a baffle and a fixer, wherein the support frame is arranged below the main coil, the spring is arranged above the main coil, the magnetic conduction column is arranged in the main coil and the spring, one end of the magnetic conduction column is in threaded connection with the printing needle, and the other end of the magnetic conduction column is in threaded connection with the baffle; the printing needle penetrates through the support frame and is in threaded connection with the magnetic conduction column; the printing head is connected with a track arranged on a cross beam through a main pulley and moves along an X axis, the cross beam is arranged at the upper end of a support, the lower end of the support is connected with the track arranged on two sides of the depicting platform through pulleys, and the cross beam moves along a Y axis;
an electrode is arranged in the electrolytic cell and is connected with a binding post of the electrolytic cell; one end of the print head is electrically connected to the drawing probe, the other end is electrically connected to the socket (5), one end of the connection plate is mechanically connected to the drawing probe, and the other end is mechanically connected to the print head.
The holder in the print head is in threaded connection with the print pin for defining the distance of the print pin from the platform.
One end of the supporting frame is fixed by a screw, and the other end of the supporting frame is fixed on the side face of the main pulley through the screw.
In another aspect, the invention provides a method for using an electrostatic field plotter, comprising the following steps:
step 1: placing coordinate paper and carbon paper on the drawing platform, turning on a power switch, adjusting the potential, adjusting (2), and presetting a voltage value; displayed on the potential indicator (3);
step 2: when the voltage of the tracing probe contacting the electrolytic bath is the same as the preset voltage, an automatic detection circuit and a time delay circuit in a power supply cabinet output the voltage to a relay in a driving circuit, so that the relay outputs the voltage to a printing head;
and step 3: a coil in the printing head generates a magnetic field under the action of voltage, the magnetic conduction column rapidly pops downwards to enable the printing needle to leave a recording point on the plotting platform, the printing needle rapidly returns to the original position under the action of the spring after the recording point is left on the printing needle, and the plotting of the preset voltage is finished by analogy;
and 4, step 4: according to the experimental requirements, the preset voltage is reset, and the steps 2-3 are repeated until the description of the whole electrostatic field required by the experiment is completed.
Adopt the produced beneficial effect of above-mentioned technical scheme to lie in: according to the electrostatic field plotter and the using method thereof, the plotting probe and the printing head in the X-Y system are fixed through the connecting plate, so that the plotting probe and the printing head can move synchronously, the non-coaxial errors are fundamentally eliminated, manual point fetching is not needed, the plotting efficiency is improved, single-layer plotting is realized, and the requirements on experimental environment are not met;
drawings
Fig. 1 is a front view of an electrostatic field plotter provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of a printhead provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an automatic detection circuit, a delay circuit and a driving circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a window adjustment circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a depiction of the electrostatic fields provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
the device comprises a voltage output end 1, a potential adjusting end 2, a potential indicating end 3, a power switch 4, a socket 5, a depicting platform 6, a pulley 7, a bracket 8, a crossbeam 9, a printing head 10, a main pulley 11, a connecting plate 12, a depicting probe 13, an electrolytic bath 14, an electrode 15, a main coil 16, a spring 17, a printing needle 18, a magnetic conduction column 19, a supporting frame 20, a baffle 21, a fixer 22 and a screw 23.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the method of the present embodiment is as follows.
An electrostatic field plotter comprises a power supply cabinet, an electrostatic field plotting system, an electrolytic cell and electrodes;
a panel of the power supply cabinet is provided with a voltage output end (1), a potential adjustment (2), a potential indication (3), a power switch (4) and a socket (5), and the power supply cabinet is internally provided with an automatic detection circuit, a delay circuit and a driving circuit, as shown in fig. 3; the driving circuit comprises a resistor R1, a capacitor C4, a diode D4 and a relay; the power module comprises a power supply voltage stabilizing block input end, a power supply voltage stabilizing block output end and a power supply negative electrode to an external connection terminal; the relay comprises a knife pin 1, a normally closed contact pin 2, a normally open contact pin 3, a coil pin 4 and a coil pin 5; the output end of the automatic detection circuit is connected with the input end of the delay circuit, the output end of the delay circuit is connected with a coil pin 4, a coil pin 5 is connected with a power supply cathode, one end of a capacitor C4 is connected with the power supply cathode, the other end of the capacitor C4 is connected with a knife pin 1, a normally closed contact pin 2 is connected with one end of a resistor R1, the other end of the resistor R1 is connected with the input end of a power supply voltage stabilizing block, a normally open contact pin 3 is connected with a printing head, one end of a diode D4 is connected with the power supply cathode, and the;
the electrostatic field drawing system comprises a drawing platform 6, a drawing probe 13, a connecting plate 12 and an X-Y system; the X-Y system comprises a beam 9, a printing head 10, a bracket 8, a pulley 7 and a main pulley 11; the printing head comprises a main coil 16, a spring 17, a printing needle 18, a magnetic conduction column 19, a support frame 20, a baffle plate 21 and a fixer 22, wherein as shown in figure 2, the support frame 20 is arranged below the main coil 16, the spring 17 is arranged above the main coil 16, the magnetic conduction column 19 is arranged in the main coil 16 and the spring 17, one end of the magnetic conduction column is in threaded connection with the printing needle 18, and the other end of the magnetic conduction column is in threaded connection with the baffle plate 21; the printing needle 18 penetrates through the support frame 20 and is in threaded connection with the magnetic conduction column 19; the printing head 10 is connected with a track arranged on a cross beam 9 through a pulley 11 and moves along an X axis, the cross beam 9 is arranged at the upper end of a support 8, the lower end of the support 8 is connected with tracks arranged on two sides of a drawing platform 6 through a pulley 7, and the cross beam moves along a Y axis;
an electrode 15 is arranged in the electrolytic cell 14, and the electrode 15 is connected with a binding post of the electrolytic cell 14; one end of the print head is electrically connected to the drawing probe 13, the other end is electrically connected to the socket 5, one end of the connection plate 12 is mechanically connected to the drawing probe, and the other end is mechanically connected to the print head.
The holder in the print head is in threaded connection with the print pin for defining the distance of the print pin from the platform.
One end of the support frame is fixed by a screw 23, and the other end of the support frame is fixed on the side surface of the pulley 11 through the screw.
The drawing probe and the printing head can move synchronously through a connecting plate, and the connecting plate is made of alloy materials in the embodiment. The potential indication (3) comprises a window potentiometer circuit, as shown in fig. 4, the smaller the potential indication range is, the more accurate the potential indication range is, so that in the present embodiment, the resistor R1 is replaced by a conducting wire, the window voltage is made to be less than 20 microvolts, and the experimental result is made to be more accurate.
In this embodiment, parallel plate electrodes are used;
in another aspect, the invention provides a method for using an electrostatic field plotter, comprising the following steps:
step 1: placing coordinate paper and carbon paper on the drawing platform, turning on a power switch, adjusting the potential, adjusting (2), and presetting a voltage value; and displayed on the potential indicator (3);
step 2: when the voltage of the tracing probe contacting the electrolytic bath is the same as the preset voltage, an automatic detection circuit and a time delay circuit in a power supply cabinet output the voltage to a relay in a driving circuit, so that the relay outputs the voltage to a printing head;
when the relay does not obtain voltage, the capacitor C4 is in a charging state in real time through the normally closed contact pin, when the delay circuit outputs the voltage to the relay in the driving circuit, the normally open contact pin is closed, and the capacitor C4 outputs the voltage stored in the capacitor C4 instantly;
and step 3: a coil in the printing head generates a magnetic field under the action of voltage, the magnetic conduction column rapidly pops downwards to enable the printing needle to leave a recording point on the plotting platform, the printing needle rapidly returns to the original position under the action of the spring after the recording point is left on the printing needle, and the plotting of the preset voltage is finished by analogy;
and 4, step 4: according to the experiment requirements, resetting the preset voltage, and repeating the steps 2-3 until the description of the electrostatic field required by the experiment is completed.
In this embodiment, the preset voltages in the experimental requirements are 2V, 4V, 6V, 8V, and 10V, respectively; the trace of the electrostatic field obtained according to the experimental requirements is shown in fig. 5;
finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the corresponding technical solutions and scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. An electrostatic field plotter is characterized by comprising a power supply cabinet, an electrostatic field plotting system, an electrolytic cell and electrodes;
the panel of the power supply cabinet is provided with a voltage output end (1), a potential adjustment (2), a potential indication (3), a power switch (4) and a socket (5), and the power supply cabinet is internally provided with an automatic detection circuit, a delay circuit and a drive circuit; the driving circuit comprises a resistor R1, a capacitor C4, a diode D4 and a relay; the power module comprises a power supply voltage stabilizing block input end, a power supply voltage stabilizing block output end and a power supply negative electrode to an external connection terminal; the relay comprises a knife pin 1, a normally closed contact pin 2, a normally open contact pin 3, a coil pin 4 and a coil pin 5; the output end of the automatic detection circuit is connected with the input end of the delay circuit, the output end of the delay circuit is connected with a coil pin 4, a coil pin 5 is connected with a power supply cathode, one end of a capacitor C4 is connected with the power supply cathode, the other end of the capacitor C4 is connected with a knife pin 1, a normally closed contact pin 2 is connected with one end of a resistor R1, the other end of the resistor R1 is connected with the input end of a power supply voltage stabilizing block, a normally open contact pin 3 is connected with a printing head, one end of a diode D4 is connected with the power supply cathode, and the;
the electrostatic field depicting system comprises a depicting platform, a depicting probe, a connecting plate and an X-Y system; the X-Y system comprises a beam, a printing head, a bracket, a pulley and a main pulley; the printing head comprises a main coil, a spring, a printing needle, a magnetic conduction column, a support frame, a baffle and a fixer, wherein the support frame is arranged below the main coil, the spring is arranged above the main coil, the magnetic conduction column is arranged in the main coil and the spring, one end of the magnetic conduction column is in threaded connection with the printing needle, and the other end of the magnetic conduction column is in threaded connection with the baffle; the printing needle penetrates through the support frame and is in threaded connection with the magnetic conduction column; the printing head is connected with a track arranged on a cross beam through a main pulley and moves along an X axis, the cross beam is arranged at the upper end of a support, the lower end of the support is connected with the track arranged on two sides of the depicting platform through pulleys, and the cross beam moves along a Y axis;
an electrode is arranged in the electrolytic cell and is connected with a binding post of the electrolytic cell; one end of the print head is electrically connected to the drawing probe, the other end is electrically connected to the socket (5), one end of the connection plate is mechanically connected to the drawing probe, and the other end is mechanically connected to the print head.
2. An electrostatic field plotter according to claim 1, characterized in that: the holder in the print head is in threaded connection with the print pin for defining the distance of the print pin from the platform.
3. An electrostatic field plotter according to claim 1, characterized in that: one end of the supporting frame is fixed by a screw, and the other end of the supporting frame is fixed on the side face of the main pulley through the screw.
4. The use method of the electrostatic field plotter according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: placing coordinate paper and carbon paper on the drawing platform, turning on a power switch, adjusting the potential, adjusting (2), and presetting a voltage value; displayed on the potential indicator (3);
step 2: when the voltage of the tracing probe contacting the electrolytic bath is the same as the preset voltage, an automatic detection circuit and a time delay circuit in a power supply cabinet output the voltage to a relay in a driving circuit, so that the relay outputs the voltage to a printing head;
and step 3: a coil in the printing head generates a magnetic field under the action of voltage, the magnetic conduction column rapidly pops downwards to enable the printing needle to leave a recording point on the plotting platform, the printing needle rapidly returns to the original position under the action of the spring after the recording point is left on the printing needle, and the plotting of the preset voltage is finished by analogy;
and 4, step 4: according to the experimental requirements, the preset voltage is reset, and the steps 2-3 are repeated until the description of the whole electrostatic field required by the experiment is completed.
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| CN201811585613.0A CN109523881B (en) | 2018-12-25 | 2018-12-25 | Electrostatic field plotter and application method thereof |
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| CN201811585613.0A CN109523881B (en) | 2018-12-25 | 2018-12-25 | Electrostatic field plotter and application method thereof |
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| CN109523881A CN109523881A (en) | 2019-03-26 |
| CN109523881B true CN109523881B (en) | 2020-09-08 |
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