CN109521487A - A method of gas-bearing formation is identified using element gamma spectrometry log - Google Patents
A method of gas-bearing formation is identified using element gamma spectrometry log Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V5/00—Prospecting or detecting by the use of ionising radiation, e.g. of natural or induced radioactivity
- G01V5/04—Prospecting or detecting by the use of ionising radiation, e.g. of natural or induced radioactivity specially adapted for well-logging
- G01V5/08—Prospecting or detecting by the use of ionising radiation, e.g. of natural or induced radioactivity specially adapted for well-logging using primary nuclear radiation sources or X-rays
- G01V5/12—Prospecting or detecting by the use of ionising radiation, e.g. of natural or induced radioactivity specially adapted for well-logging using primary nuclear radiation sources or X-rays using gamma or X-ray sources
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods using element gamma spectrometry log identification gas-bearing formation, this method selects a pulsed neutron source and a gamma detector, stratum gas saturation is determined according to the ratio of the non-ballistic Gama Count of gamma detector record and capture Gama Count, carries out formation gas bearing evaluation.The invention proposes a kind of methods using element gamma spectrometry log identification gas-bearing formation, stratum gas saturation is determined according to the non-ballistic gamma of gamma detector record and capture Gama Count ratio, solution is provided for gas-bearing formation identification and quantitative assessment, while having expanded the application of element spectrometry logging technology.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of methods using element gamma spectrometry log identification gas-bearing formation, belong to field geophysics well logging
Technical field.
Background technique
With going deep into for oilfield prospecting developing, the evaluation of formation gas bearing saturation degree and quantitative calculate become particularly important.
The method of tradition evaluation formation gas bearing has pulsed neutron curve combining technology, litho-density log, three porosity overlay method, hankers
Sub- die-away time well logging, resistivity logging, imaging logging.Recently as the development of pulsed neutron log technology, instrument is utilized
The neutron and gamma time spectrum information detected carries out the evaluation of formation gas bearing saturation degree and has played important work in terms of oil-gas recognition
With.
Compared to conventional reservoir, the Unconventional reservoirs such as coal petrography, shale have reservoir lithology complexity, reservoir properties poor
(porosity is less than 1.0mD less than 10%, permeability) buries the features such as deeper, and oil-gas exploration and development difficulty is larger.Element gamma
Spectrometry logging technology determines constituent content, division by releasing gamma ray information using neutron and the effect of stratum element atomic nucleus
Lithology is with a wide range of applications in unconventional reservoir evaluation.
The existing element gamma spectra instrument using pulsed neutron source is using D-T neutron source and simple detector information in reality
Stratum element evaluation and organic carbon detection are completed in the exploration and development of border, for element gamma spectra instrument can be utilized to detect
Gamma information carry out formation gas bearing saturation degree and evaluate no specific solution.
Summary of the invention
Based on above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention provides a kind of method using element gamma spectrometry log identification gas-bearing formation, should
Method provides solution for gas-bearing formation identification and quantitative assessment, while having expanded the application of element spectrometry logging technology.
The adopted technical solution is that:
A method of gas-bearing formation is identified using element gamma spectrometry log, selects a pulsed neutron source and a gamma
Detector determines that formation gas bearing is saturated according to the ratio of the non-ballistic Gama Count of gamma detector record and capture Gama Count
Degree carries out formation gas bearing evaluation.
This method specifically includes the following steps:
Step 1: selecting stratum element gamma spectrometry device, which includes a pulsed neutron source and a gal
Horse detector；
Step 2: inelastic scattering occurs for the high energy fast neutron and formation material of the transmitting of underground pulsed neutron source, radiation is captureed
It obtains effect and generates non-ballistic gamma ray, capture gamma ray, and received and recorded by gamma detector；
Step 3: simulating the non-ballistic Gama Count under the conditions of obtaining Different porosities and capturing Gama Count ratio and stratum
The response relation of gas saturation establishes formation gas bearing saturation degree evaluation model:
Sg=(2145-176.6* φ+5.93* φ2-0.066*φ3)+(- 2635+233.7* φ -7.85, φ2+0.088*
φ3)*R
R is that non-ballistic captures ratio, the i.e. ratio of non-ballistic Gama Count and capture Gama Count in formula；φ is formation porosity
(%)；Sg is formation gas bearing saturation degree (%)；
Step 4: the non-ballistic Gama Count, the capture Gama Count ratio R combination formation porosity that are detected using detector
Parameter completes the evaluation of formation gas bearing saturation degree.
The spacing of above-mentioned gamma detector and pulsed neutron source is preferably 60-70cm.
Preferably, above-mentioned gamma detector uses BGO crystal counter.
Preferably, the pulsed neutron source is D-T controllable neutron source, and the D-T controllable neutron source pulse period is 400 μ s, one
In a pulse period, 0-40 μ s emits fast neutron, and 40-400 μ s fast neutron stops transmitting.
The method have the benefit that:
The invention proposes a kind of methods using element gamma spectrometry log identification gas-bearing formation, are recorded according to gamma detector
Non-ballistic gamma and capture Gama Count ratio determine stratum gas saturation, for gas-bearing formation identification with quantitative assessment provide solution
Scheme, while having expanded the application of element spectrometry logging technology.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 for the used stratum element gamma spectrometry device of the present invention arrangement schematic diagram；In figure: 1- pulsed neutron
Source, 2- gamma detector, the stratum 3-, 4- wellbore fluid；
Fig. 2 is sandstone formation (porosity 10% and 30%), fast neutron slowing-down length LsWith thermal diffusion length LtEverywhere
Layer gas saturation SgVariation relation；
Fig. 3 is that the non-ballistic under the conditions of Different Strata captures count ratio R with the relationship of stratum gas saturation；
Fig. 4 is X well application exemplary diagram of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further described in the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments:
The present invention provides a kind of method using element gamma spectrometry log identification gas-bearing formation, selects a pulsed neutron source
With a gamma detector, stratum is determined according to the ratio of the non-ballistic Gama Count of gamma detector record and capture Gama Count
Gas saturation carries out formation gas bearing evaluation.
This method specifically includes the following steps:
Step 1: stratum element gamma spectrometry device is selected, as shown in Figure 1, the device includes a pulsed neutron
Source 1 and a gamma detector 2.
Step 2: inelastic scattering occurs for the high energy fast neutron and formation material of the transmitting of underground pulsed neutron source, radiation is captureed
It obtains effect and generates non-ballistic gamma ray, capture gamma ray, and received and recorded by gamma detector.
Step 3: simulating to obtain the non-ballistic Gama Count under the conditions of Different porosities using Monte-Carlo Numerical Simulation method
With the response relation of capture Gama Count ratio and formation gas bearing saturation degree, formation gas bearing saturation degree evaluation model is established:
Sg=(2145-176.6* φ+5.93* φ2-0.066*φ3)+(-2635+233.7*φ-7.85*φ2+0.088
φ3)*R
R is that non-ballistic captures ratio, the i.e. ratio of non-ballistic Gama Count and capture Gama Count in formula；φ is formation porosity
(%)；Sg is formation gas bearing saturation degree (%).
Step 4: the non-ballistic Gama Count, the capture Gama Count ratio R combination formation porosity that are detected using detector
Parameter completes the evaluation of formation gas bearing saturation degree.
In above-mentioned steps, the spacing of the gamma detector and pulsed neutron source is 60-70cm.
In above-mentioned steps, the gamma detector uses BGO crystal counter.
In above-mentioned steps, the pulsed neutron source is D-T controllable neutron source, and the D-T controllable neutron source pulse period is 400 μ
S, in a pulse period, 0-40 μ s emits fast neutron, and 40-400 μ s fast neutron stops transmitting.
The present invention is further explained below with reference to principle derivation and application example etc..
According to neutron diffusion theory, it is assumed that source strength S0Neutron source emit fast neutron, fast neutron and an atom to stratum
It is i that the gamma ray intensity that inelastic scattering is released, which occurs, for core, then formation volume member dV is generated at detector in the unit time
Non-ballistic gamma ray intensity are as follows:
Σ in formulainFor non-ballistic scattering section, φfFor the Flux Distribution of fast neutron, μ is the linear absorption system of gamma ray
Number, Ls are the slowing-down length of fast neutron, and r, X are respectively distance of the volume element dV to neutron source and detector.dCinFor the unit time
The non-ballistic gamma ray intensity that interior formation volume member dV is generated at detector obtains non-ballistic gamma intensity C by integralin。
Similarly the capture gamma ray that capture reaction generates occurs for thermal neutron and atomic nucleus are as follows:
I ' is that a thermal neutron and atomic nucleus occur capture reaction and release capture gamma ray intensity, L in formulatFor thermal neutron
Diffusion length.
Therefore the non-ballistic Gama Count of detector record and capture Gama Count ratio R are as follows:
In formula, ratio R only and i, i ', fast neutron slowing-down length LsAnd thermal diffusion length LtIt is related；Wherein, i and i'
With in stratum substance nuclear phase close, it is contemplated that i and i ' be in R in the form of ratio (i/i') existing for, the two is with substance core
Variation is cancelled out each other to a certain extent, influences opposite LsAnd LtCaused by influence to ignore；Therefore, stratum object is not considered
Matter atomic nucleus and neutron effect generate the influence of the ratio (i/i') of non-ballistic and capture gamma ray intensity.
Non-ballistic captures count ratio R mainly by fast neutron slowing-down length LsWith thermal diffusion length LtInfluence, it is main
Depending on formation porosity and gas saturation Sg.Sandstone formation (porosity 10% and 30%), fast neutron slowing-down length and heat
Neutron diffusion length is with stratum gas saturation SgVariation relation as shown in fig. 2, it can be seen that when formation porosity it is certain
When, fast neutron slowing-down length and thermal diffusion length increase with the increase of stratum gas saturation, but fast neutron slows down
It is bigger that length by gas saturation is influenced amplitude of variation.Due to generated in stratum non-ballistic, capture gamma ray distribution with it is fast
Neutron degradation length is related with the diffusion length of thermal neutron, different gas saturation SgThe non-ballistic capture count ratio R on stratum is not
Together, therefore stratum gas saturation can be determined using the non-ballistic capture Gama Count ratio R of same detector record.
Fig. 3 is that formation gas bearing saturation degree is 0%, 30%, 50%, 70%, 100%, and formation porosity is by 0% variation
When 40%, the non-ballistic under the conditions of Different Strata captures count ratio R with the relationship of stratum gas saturation.It can be seen that non-ballistic
Variation with capture Gama Count ratio R is able to reflect the size of formation gas bearing saturation degree.When the timing of formation porosity one, non-ballistic and
Capture Gama Count increases with the increase of formation gas bearing saturation degree, and the non-ballistic capture being calculated contains than R with landing surface
The increase of gas saturation linearly reduces, and formation porosity is bigger, and the difference of R caused by different gas saturation is bigger.It is local
One timing of layer gas saturation, non-ballistic capture increases than R with the increase of formation porosity, and formation gas bearing saturation degree is got over
Small, non-ballistic capture is more violent than the variation of R.
The response relation than R and formation gas bearing saturation degree is captured according to the non-ballistic under the conditions of Different porosities in Fig. 3, is established
Formation gas bearing saturation degree evaluation model, as follows:
Sg=(2145-176.6* φ+5.93* φ2-0.066*φ3)+(-2635+233.7*φ-7.85*φ2+0.088*
φ3)*R
R is that non-ballistic captures ratio in formula；φ is formation porosity (%)；SgFor formation gas bearing saturation degree (%).
It can be obtained by formula, formation gas bearing saturation degree SgIt is function of the non-ballistic capture than R and formation porosity φ, utilizes detection
Non-ballistic that device detects, capture Gama Count ratio R combination formation porosity parameter, can complete formation gas bearing saturation degree and comment
Valence.
The inelastic scattering Gama Count obtained using element spectrometry logging instrument actual measurement in cased well and capture
Gama Count calculates the non-ballistic capture of field data than R, it is full to carry out gassiness to measured data in conjunction with gas saturation response model
It is evaluated with degree, as shown in Figure 4, it can be seen that when depth is 5320~5327 meters, there is cycle skipping in interval transit time curve,
Compensation density curve indicates that density of earth formations value reduces, and non-ballistic is calculated using non-ballistic Gama Count and capture Gama Count at this time
Capture shows low value than R, seeks the gas saturation of this layer simultaneously in conjunction with gas saturation response model than R, at this time non-ballistic capture
Gas saturation evaluation is carried out to stratum, obtaining the layer is the higher stratum of gas saturation；When depth is 5327.5~5329
Meter Shi, stratum gamma value are high gamma, and lithology shows this layer of all shale, and stratum is shale layer, and non-ballistic captures ratio at this time
Much higher relative to gas-bearing reservoir, gassiness evaluation shows that stratum is free of gas.
Certainly, the above description is not a limitation of the present invention, and the present invention is also not limited to the example above, this technology neck
The variations, modifications, additions or substitutions that the technical staff in domain is made within the essential scope of the present invention also should belong to of the invention
Protection scope.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of method using element gamma spectrometry log identification gas-bearing formation, it is characterised in that: select pulsed neutron source and
One gamma detector determines that stratum contains according to the non-ballistic Gama Count of gamma detector record and the ratio of capture Gama Count
Gas saturation carries out formation gas bearing evaluation.
2. a kind of method using element gamma spectrometry log identification gas-bearing formation according to claim 1, it is characterised in that tool
Body the following steps are included:
Step 1: selecting stratum element gamma spectrometry device, which includes that a pulsed neutron source and a gamma are visited
Survey device；
Step 2: inelastic scattering occurs for the high energy fast neutron and formation material of the transmitting of underground pulsed neutron source, radiation capture is made
With generate non-ballistic gamma ray, capture gamma ray, and by gamma detector receive record；
Step 3: simulating the non-ballistic Gama Count under the conditions of obtaining Different porosities and capturing Gama Count ratio and formation gas bearing
The response relation of saturation degree establishes formation gas bearing saturation degree evaluation model:
Sg=(2145-176.6* φ+5.93* φ2-0.066*φ3)+(-2635+233.7*φ-7.85*φ2+0.088*φ3)*
R
R is that non-ballistic captures ratio, the i.e. ratio of non-ballistic Gama Count and capture Gama Count in formula；φ is formation porosity (%)；Sg
For formation gas bearing saturation degree (%)；
Step 4: the non-ballistic Gama Count detected using detector, capture Gama Count ratio R combination formation porosity are joined
Number completes the evaluation of formation gas bearing saturation degree.
3. a kind of method using element gamma spectrometry log identification gas-bearing formation according to claim 1 or 2, feature exist
In: the spacing of the gamma detector and pulsed neutron source is 60-70cm.
4. a kind of method using element gamma spectrometry log identification gas-bearing formation according to claim 1 or 2, feature exist
In: the gamma detector uses BGO crystal counter.
5. a kind of method using element gamma spectrometry log identification gas-bearing formation according to claim 1 or 2, feature exist
In: the pulsed neutron source is D-T controllable neutron source, and the D-T controllable neutron source pulse period is 400 μ s, in a pulse period,
0-40 μ s emits fast neutron, and 40-400 μ s fast neutron stops transmitting.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111123378A (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2020-05-08 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method and device for determining gamma ray intensity critical value for dividing lithology type |
| CN111123379A (en) * | 2019-12-18 | 2020-05-08 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Pure non-elastic gamma energy spectrum acquisition method based on dual-spectrum combination |
| CN112034524A (en) * | 2020-09-01 | 2020-12-04 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Method for calculating stratum capture cross section in double-detector well |
| CN112593923A (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2021-04-02 | 中国海洋石油集团有限公司 | Method and device for predicting gas saturation based on pulsed neutrons |
| CN113123779A (en) * | 2021-04-06 | 2021-07-16 | 长江大学 | While-drilling gas reservoir identification device and method based on ferroinelastic scattering gamma |
| CN115267928A (en) * | 2022-09-28 | 2022-11-01 | 中石化经纬有限公司 | Intelligent energy spectrum processing method for logging while drilling element |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111123379A (en) * | 2019-12-18 | 2020-05-08 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Pure non-elastic gamma energy spectrum acquisition method based on dual-spectrum combination |
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| CN113123779A (en) * | 2021-04-06 | 2021-07-16 | 长江大学 | While-drilling gas reservoir identification device and method based on ferroinelastic scattering gamma |
| CN113123779B (en) * | 2021-04-06 | 2023-08-18 | 长江大学 | Gas while drilling layer identification device and method based on iron inelastic scattering gamma |
| CN115267928A (en) * | 2022-09-28 | 2022-11-01 | 中石化经纬有限公司 | Intelligent energy spectrum processing method for logging while drilling element |
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