CN109521182A - A kind of PolSAR soil moisture content inversion method based on two component decomposition models - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods using PolSAR data and two component Polarization target decomposition model inversion soil moisture contents.Its basic thought is: 1) being decomposed based on Cloude-Pottier, calculate polarization entropy H and average angle of scattering α, determine ground mulching type；2) for vegetative coverage earth's surface, two component decomposition models are based on, removing body scatters ingredient, isolates surface scattering ingredient；For bare area region, it is believed that observation data only include surface scattering ingredient；3) according to the surface scattering component of extraction, Bragg model, X-Bragg scattering model, improved Frenel Models computed earth's surface permittivity ε are based onsoil；4) Dielectric Constant of NaCl Soil mixed model (Topp model) is utilized, i.e. non-linear relation between surface dielectric constant and soil moisture content, calculates the volumetric(al) moisture content of soil.Parameter setting of the present invention is simple, executes fast speed, can be realized in the case where no ground parameter estimator data, obtains the soil moisture content data of high spatial resolution on a large scale.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of remote sensing image processing, are related to a kind of polarity combination hole based on two component decomposition models
Diameter radar (Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar, PolSAR) soil moisture content inversion method, is specifically answered
For being contained using the soil volume of airborne and spaceborne fully polarization synthetic aperture radar data inverting bare area and the sparse vegetation area of coverage
The technology of water (Volumetric Soil Moisture, VSM).
Background technique
Soil moisture content (Volumetric Soil Moisture, VSM) is the important parameter of earth surface, in hydrology mould
Shape parameter inverting plays the part of important role in earth's surface-ENERGY EXCHANGE BETWEEN SEA and environmental change.Therefore, obtain soil moisture when
The empty regularity of distribution has important research significance.The small scale that traditional website actual measurement method is only applicable to test site is ground
Study carefully, is unable to satisfy spatial and temporal distributions data needed for practical application, and remote sensing technology has the advantage of spatial continuity covering, it can
It obtains and extracts a large amount of earth's surface information.From mid-term the 1970s, active microwave and passive microwave remote sensing are had evolved into
For the main means for estimating soil moisture content in region and Global Scale, passive microwave remote sensing platform has large space coverage area
And the characteristics of high time resolution, but its spatial resolution only has 10-30Km, so that passive microwave is more suitable for region and global ruler
Spend the research of soil moisture content quantitative inversion.And active microwave remote sensing platform, especially with synthetic aperture radar (SAR) for representative, energy
It is enough that more high spatial resolution and large-scale surface observation data are provided, and different observation modes can obtain earth's surface letter abundant
Breath.
Polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar, PolSAR), as one
Kind advanced active sensor, the electromagnetic wave of transmitting can penetrate vegetation cap rock detection earth's surface information, and multiple angles of incidence, more
Polarization, multichannel data acquiring mode facilitate the complicated earth's surface scattering mechanism of interpretation, in soil moisture content inverting application
With biggish potentiality.Traditional soil moisture content estimation side based on experience, semiempirical model (Oh, Dubois, WCM model)
Method needs to input more empirical parameter (surface roughness, surface correlation length etc.).And the acquisition of Land Surface Parameters generallys use
The mode of point, local sampling can introduce deviation, to lead when applied to global or extensive area soil moisture content inverting
Cause inversion accuracy low.Inversion method based on Polarization target decomposition model does not need the measured value of Land Surface Parameters, and can be according to mould
Shape parameter determines the dielectric constant of earth's surface, and then is applied to the estimation of soil moisture content, has stronger universality.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to solve in the case where no ground parameter measurement data, propose using based on two
The soil moisture content inversion method of component Polarization target decomposition model.Meanwhile in conjunction with X-Bragg and Fresnel surface scattering mould
Type solves the problems, such as that inverse model is low with inversion constant caused by observation mismatch.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that: a kind of PolSAR soil moisture content inverting based on two component decomposition models
Method, comprising the following steps:
Step 1, polarization SAR image data is inputted, and carries out radiant correction, geometric correction processing；
Step 2, coherence matrix T is generated, and carries out phase separation immunoassay and polarization orientation angle compensation deals；
Step 3, to above-mentioned steps treated image, the polarization entropy H and average scattering of each pixel of image data are calculated
Angle α；
Step 4, the leading scattering mechanism type and ground mulching class of each pixel are judged according to the range of parameter H and α value
Type；
Step 5, surface scattering model is selected to calculate surface soil permittivity ε according to earth's surface cover typesoil, work as earth's surface
For exposed soil, when no vegetative coverage, X-Bragg model gauging surface permittivity ε is selectedsoil；When earth's surface is there are when vegetative coverage,
Go to step 6；
Step 6, two component decomposition models are based on, removing body scattering component extracts surface scattering component, and according to relevant square
Battle array T12The corresponding surface scattering model of positive negative selection of element value calculates surface soil permittivity εsoil；
Step 7, according to step 5, the 6 surface dielectric constant ε calculatedsoilSoil volume of aqueous is calculated with dielectric mixed model
Amount.
Further, radiant correction, geometric correction are carried out to SAR image described in step 1, implements process
For, according to four POLARIZATION CHANNELs (HH, VV, HV, VH) in data source file scaling constant to the pixel value of input image into
Row correction；According to data source file and system parameter, landform geometric correction is carried out using range Doppler model.
Further, phase separation immunoassay described in step 2 and polarization orientation angle compensation deals implement process
Are as follows: to step 1 treated image, coherence matrix T is first generated, then utilizes the progress coherent spot filter of Refined Lee filter
Wave filters out the influence of speckle noise；Polarization orientation angle θ is estimated using circular polarisation method, and carries out polarization orientation angle compensation, is obtained
Compensated coherence matrix is taken,
Wherein, θ is polarization orientation angle, and T is the coherence matrix before polarization orientation angle compensation, and T (θ) is polarization orientation angle compensation
Polarization coherence matrix afterwards.
Further, polarization entropy H and average angle of scattering are calculated using based on Cloude-Pottier decomposition method in step 3
α, the specific method is as follows:
Wherein, αi、βi、δi、γiIt is expressed as the parameter of i-th (i=1,2,3) a target, μiIndicate feature vector, λi
It is characterized value, PiFor the pseudo- probability of each characteristic value, wherein α indicates average scattering angle.
Further, the specific implementation of leading the scattering mechanism type and ground mulching type of each pixel is judged in step 4
Mode is, H < 0.6 and 40 ° of α <, and earth's surface is the exposed soil based on surface scattering；H >=0.6 and α >=40 °, earth's surface are volume scattering
Account for leading vegetative coverage class earth's surface.
Further, based on X-Bragg model gauging surface permittivity ε described in step 5soil, specific implementation
Process are as follows:
Wherein, T (θ) is the coherence matrix of certain pixel, TX-BraggRelevant matrix model is scattered for X-Bragg, fs is surface
The power of ingredient is scattered, β is Bragg scattering coefficient, β*It is conjugated each other with β, ψ is roughness of ground surface angle, and θ is incidence angle, εsoilFor
Surface soil dielectric constant.
Further, based on two component decomposition models described in step 6, removing body scatters ingredient, extracts surface scattering
Ingredient implements process are as follows:
Wherein, β is Bragg scattering coefficient, β*It is conjugated each other with β, fv volume scattering component power, TSFor observing matrix removal
The coherence matrix of surface scattering component after volume scattering.
Further, according to coherence matrix element value T described in step 612The corresponding surface scattering mould of positive negative selection
Type calculates surface soil permittivity εsoil, implement process are as follows:
Work as T12When > 0, Bragg scattering model is selected,
Work as T12When > 0, improved Fresnel scattering model is selected,
Wherein, fs is the power of surface scattering ingredient, and β is Bragg scattering coefficient, β*It is conjugated each other with β, βFresnelFor
Fresnel scattering coefficient, β* FresnelAnd βFresnelIt is conjugated each other, θ is incidence angle, εsoilFor surface soil dielectric constant.
Further, soil volumetric water content, concrete form are calculated using Topp model in step 7 are as follows:
Mv=-5.3+2.92 εsoil-0.055ε2 soil+0.0004ε3 soil；
Wherein, mv is the value of the soil moisture content of inverting, value range 0-1, unit cm3/cm3。
The advantages and beneficial effects of the present invention are:
(1) it proposes to be based on two-component Polarization target decomposition model, can effectively extract surface scattering component and body dissipates
Component is penetrated, and then soil dielectric constant is calculated based on surface scattering model；
(2) improved Fresnel scattering model is introduced, and in conjunction with Bragg, X-Bragg scattering model, solved point
Solve the model problem low with Data Matching rate is observed；
(3) contained based on two component decomposition models and Bragg, X-Bragg and improved Fresnel model applied to soil
The inverting of water does not need the field measurement data of Land Surface Parameters (surface roughness, correlation length etc.), saves a large amount of people
Power, material resources.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the surface scattering used in the embodiment of the present invention and volume scattering model.
Specific embodiment
Understand for the ease of those of ordinary skill in the art and implement the present invention, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments to this hair
It is bright to be described in further detail, it should be understood that implementation example described herein is merely to illustrate and explain the present invention, not
For limiting the present invention.
Referring to Fig.1, a kind of PolSAR soil moisture content inversion method based on two component decomposition models, including following step
It is rapid:
Step 1: opening a width full-polarization SAR image, and radiant correction, geometric correction are carried out to SAR image.Corresponding place
Radiant correction in the freewares such as PolSARpro, Nest or SNAP can be used in reason and geometric correction module is operated.
Step 2: to step 1 treated data, using freewares such as PolSARpro, Nest or SNAP, or according to pole
Change the collision matrix of SAR data and generates coherence matrix T with the product of its own conjugate matrices.Then, using Refined Lee
Filter carries out phase separation immunoassay, and filtering equally may be selected at the freewares such as PolSARpro, Nest or SNAP
Reason.Finally, carrying out polarization orientation angle compensation to filtered coherence matrix T.Among the above, the calculation of coherence matrix are as follows:
S is the collision matrix of full polarimetric SAR data, SHH、SVV、SVHThe data value in respectively each pixel three different channels, k
The objective vector of collision matrix, the element of diagonal line two sides is conjugated each other in coherence matrix T, i.e.,And T12,And T13,And T23It is conjugated each other.Polarization orientation angle compensation deals method are as follows:
θ is polarization orientation angle, and T is the coherence matrix before polarization orientation angle compensation, and T (θ) is that polarization orientation angle is compensated
Polarize coherence matrix.
Step 3: to above-mentioned steps treated image, image number being calculated using Cloude-Pottier decomposition method [1]
According to the polarization entropy H and average angle of scattering α of each pixel, circular are as follows:
αi、βi、δi、γiIt is expressed as the parameter of i-th (i=1,2,3) a target, μiIndicate feature vector, λiIt is characterized
Value, PiFor the pseudo- probability of each characteristic value, wherein α indicates average scattering angle, wherein the range of polarization entropy H is 0~1, it is average to dissipate
The range of firing angle α is respectively 0~2.
[1]S.R.Cloude and E.Pottier,“An entropy based classification scheme
for land applications of polarimetric SAR,”IEEE Trans.Geosci.Remote Sens.,
vol.35,no.1,pp.68–78,1997.
Step 4: the leading scattering mechanism of the pixel is judged according to the range of Cloude-Pottier resolution parameter H and α value
With ground mulching type.H < 0.6 and 40 ° of α <, earth's surface are the exposed soil based on surface scattering；H >=0.6 and α >=40 ° are body
Scattering accounts for leading vegetative coverage class earth's surface.
Step 5: selecting surface scattering model to calculate surface soil permittivity ε according to earth's surface cover typesoil.Work as earth's surface
For exposed soil, when no vegetative coverage, X-Bragg model gauging surface permittivity ε is selectedsoil；When earth's surface is there are when vegetative coverage,
It goes to step 6 and carries out surface dielectric constant εsoilCalculating.In the bare area of no vegetative coverage, according to X-Bragg model computational chart
Face permittivity εsoilMethod particularly includes:
T (θ) is the coherence matrix of certain pixel, TX-BraggFor the coherence matrix of X-Bragg scattering model, function sinc (x)
=sin (x)/x, fs are the power of surface scattering ingredient, and β is Bragg scattering coefficient, and ψ is parameter relevant to roughness of ground surface,
θ is incidence angle (can be calculated by system parameter or be obtained from data source file), εsoilFor surface soil dielectric constant, εsoil's
Valid value range 2~44.
Step 6: according to step 5, when H >=0.6 and α >=40 °, leading vegetative coverage class earth's surface is accounted for for volume scattering, this
When be based on two component decomposition models, removing body scattering component extracts surface scattering component, and according to coherence matrix T12Element value
The positive corresponding surface scattering model of negative selection calculates surface soil permittivity εsoil.This step is divided into two parts, is respectively as follows:
Step 6.1: separating surface scattering component based on two component decomposition models
Fv volume scattering component power, TSThe coherence matrix of the surface scattering component after volume scattering is removed for observing matrix, β is
Bragg scattering coefficient, β*It is conjugated each other with β.Enable TSDeterminant be 0, the value of fv can be solved, and then can get surface scattering
Component TS。
Step 6.2: choosing surface scattering model gauging surface permittivity εsoil.After extracting surface scattering component, root
According to coherence matrix element value T12The corresponding surface scattering model of the positive negative selection of element value calculates surface soil permittivity εsoil,
It implements process are as follows:
Work as T12When > 0, Bragg scatter scatters model is selected
Work as T12When > 0, improved Fresnel scattering model is selected
Wherein, βFresnelFor Fresnel scattering coefficient, β* FresnelAnd βFresnelIt is conjugated each other.
Step 7: according to step 5, the 6 surface dielectric constant ε calculatedsoilSoil is calculated with dielectric mixed model (Topp model)
Earth volumetric(al) moisture content.Circular are as follows:
Mv=-5.3+2.92 εsoil-0.055ε2 soil+0.0004ε3 soil；
Mv is the value of the soil moisture content of inverting, value range 0-1, unit cm3/cm3。
The present invention determines that earth's surface scatters type using Cloude-Pottier resolution parameter value, without high, dense planting is capped
In the case where, it goes to extract surface scattering component related with earth's surface based on two component decomposition models.And according to surface scattering model
Bragg, X-Bragg Models computed surface soil dielectric constant.Meanwhile it being mismatched to solve surface scattering model and observation data
The low problem of caused soil moisture content inversion constant, introduces improved Fresnel scattering model.Finally according to dielectric hybrid guided mode
Non-linear relation between type, i.e. soil dielectric constant and soil volumetric water content resolves the value of soil volumetric water content.
It should be understood that the part that this specification does not elaborate belongs to the prior art and method.
It should be understood that the above-mentioned description for preferred embodiment is more detailed, can not therefore be considered to this
The limitation of invention patent protection range, those skilled in the art under the inspiration of the present invention, are not departing from power of the present invention
Benefit requires to make replacement or deformation under protected ambit, fall within the scope of protection of the present invention, this hair
It is bright range is claimed to be determined by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of PolSAR soil moisture content inversion method based on two component decomposition models, which is characterized in that including following step
It is rapid:
Step 1, polarization SAR image data is inputted, and carries out radiant correction, geometric correction processing；
Step 2, coherence matrix T is generated, and carries out phase separation immunoassay and polarization orientation angle compensation deals；
Step 3, to above-mentioned steps treated image, the polarization entropy H and average angle of scattering α of each pixel of image data are calculated；
Step 4, the leading scattering mechanism type and ground mulching type of each pixel are judged according to the range of parameter H and α value；
Step 5, surface scattering model is selected to calculate surface soil permittivity ε according to earth's surface cover typesoil, when earth's surface is naked
Soil when no vegetative coverage, selects X-Bragg model gauging surface permittivity εsoil；When earth's surface is there are when vegetative coverage, go to
Step 6；
Step 6, two component decomposition models are based on, removing body scattering component extracts surface scattering component, and according to coherence matrix T12
The corresponding surface scattering model of positive negative selection of element value calculates surface soil permittivity εsoil；
Step 7, according to step 5, the 6 surface dielectric constant ε calculatedsoilSoil volumetric water content is calculated with dielectric mixed model.
2. the PolSAR soil moisture content inversion method according to claim 1 based on two component decomposition models, feature
It is: radiant correction, geometric correction is carried out to SAR image described in step 1, specific implementation process is, according to data source
The scaling constant of four POLARIZATION CHANNELs (HH, VV, HV, VH) in file is corrected the pixel value of input image；According to number
According to source file and system parameter, landform geometric correction is carried out using range Doppler model.
3. the PolSAR soil moisture content inversion method according to claim 1 based on two component decomposition models, feature
Be: phase separation immunoassay described in step 2 and polarization orientation angle compensation deals implement process are as follows: to step 1 processing
Image afterwards first generates coherence matrix T, then carries out phase separation immunoassay using Refined Lee filter and makes an uproar to filter out spot
The influence of sound；Polarization orientation angle θ is estimated using circular polarisation method, and carries out polarization orientation angle compensation, is obtained compensated relevant
Matrix,
Wherein, θ is polarization orientation angle, and T is the coherence matrix before polarization orientation angle compensation, and T (θ) is that polarization orientation angle is compensated
Polarize coherence matrix.
4. the PolSAR soil moisture content inversion method according to claim 1 based on two component decomposition models, feature
It is: calculates polarization entropy H and average angle of scattering α using based on Cloude-Pottier decomposition method in step 3, specific method is such as
Under:
Wherein, αi、βi、δi、γiIt is expressed as the parameter of i-th (i=1,2,3) a target, μiIndicate feature vector, λiFor spy
Value indicative, PiFor the pseudo- probability of each characteristic value, wherein α indicates average scattering angle.
5. the PolSAR soil moisture content inversion method according to claim 1 based on two component decomposition models, feature
Be: the specific implementation of leading scattering mechanism type and ground mulching type that each pixel is judged in step 4 is H <
40 ° of 0.6 and α <, earth's surface are the exposed soil based on surface scattering；H >=0.6 and α >=40 °, earth's surface are that volume scattering accounts for leading plant
Capped class earth's surface.
6. the PolSAR soil moisture content inversion method according to claim 1 based on two component decomposition models, feature
It is: based on X-Bragg model gauging surface permittivity ε described in step 5soil, implement process are as follows:
Wherein, T (θ) is the coherence matrix of certain pixel, TX-BraggScatter relevant matrix model for X-Bragg, fs be surface scattering at
The power divided, β are Bragg scattering coefficient, β*It is conjugated each other with β, ψ is roughness of ground surface angle, and θ is incidence angle, εsoilFor ground surface soil
Earth dielectric constant.
7. the PolSAR soil moisture content inversion method according to claim 6 based on two component decomposition models, feature
Be: based on two component decomposition models described in step 6, removing body scatters ingredient, extracts surface scattering ingredient, specific real
Existing process are as follows:
Wherein, β is Bragg scattering coefficient, β*It is conjugated each other with β, fv volume scattering component power, TSIt is dissipated for observing matrix removing body
The coherence matrix of surface scattering component after penetrating.
8. the method for the PolSAR soil moisture content inverting according to claim 1 based on two component decomposition models, special
Sign is: according to coherence matrix element value T described in step 612The corresponding surface scattering model of positive negative selection calculate earth's surface
Soil dielectric constant εsoil, implement process are as follows:
Work as T12When > 0, Bragg scattering model is selected,
Work as T12When > 0, improved Fresnel scattering model is selected,
Wherein, fs is the power of surface scattering ingredient, and β is Bragg scattering coefficient, β*It is conjugated each other with β, βFresnelFor Fresnel
Scattering coefficient, β* FresnelAnd βFresnelIt is conjugated each other, θ is incidence angle, εsoilFor surface soil dielectric constant.
9. the PolSAR soil moisture content inversion method according to claim 1 based on two component decomposition models, feature
It is: calculates soil volumetric water content, concrete form using Topp model in step 7 are as follows:
Mv=-5.3+2.92 εsoil-0.055ε2 soil+0.0004ε3 soil；
Wherein, mv is the value of the soil moisture content of inverting, value range 0-1, unit cm3/cm3。
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