CN109507099A - Farmland in Black Soil Area soil wind erosion measuring device and its application method - Google Patents
Farmland in Black Soil Area soil wind erosion measuring device and its application method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109507099A CN109507099A CN201811429484.6A CN201811429484A CN109507099A CN 109507099 A CN109507099 A CN 109507099A CN 201811429484 A CN201811429484 A CN 201811429484A CN 109507099 A CN109507099 A CN 109507099A
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N17/00—Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion, or to light
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N5/00—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid
- G01N5/04—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid by removing a component, e.g. by evaporation, and weighing the remainder
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Abstract
Farmland in Black Soil Area soil wind erosion measuring device and its application method, the invention belongs to fields of measurement of eroding, it in order to solve the problems, such as existing BNSE sand-taped instrument collect grogs particle size range it is limited and to Northeast black earth area wind erosion measurement error it is larger.It is trapezoidal hollow box that sandbox is adopted in Farmland in Black Soil Area soil wind erosion measuring device of the present invention, it adopts sandbox top surface and is provided with ventilation screen, side where adopting sandbox narrow side is provided with ventilation opening, the box bottom for adopting sandbox is provided with choke baffle, it adopts sandbox and sand collecting box is connected to form sandbox component, multiple pedestals are fixed in fixed link, support frame is set on the base, and sandbox component and the installation of empennage wind deflector are on the support frame.Soil wind erosion measuring device of the present invention is applied in the wind erosion monitoring of Farmland in Black Soil Area, obtains the soil sediment transport flux of local different height by calculating, easy to operate, monitoring error is small, increases applicability, obtained conclusion be actually more nearly.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fields of measurement of eroding, and in particular to a kind of Farmland in Black Soil Area soil wind erosion measuring instrument and equipment and its answer
Use method.
Background technique
China Northeast black earth area with being important staple food supply, but in recent decades as agricultural production intensity continues to increase
With backward conventional tillage mode, safeguard measure is insufficient in addition, and Black Soil Degradation phenomenon is got worse.Strong soil erosion is
The main reason for blackland is degenerated, wherein wind erosion is one of most important approach.The strong wind of black soil region mostly occurs in winter-spring season, wind
Power is powerful, it is very long to last, and the retention of stalk is less after preceding crop harvest in addition, surface ground coverage is low leads to antecedent soil moisture, soil property
It is loose, and then strong wind erosion phenomenon occurs.This phenomenon has seriously threatened agricultural production and ecological ring to Northeast black earth area
Border, while constraining the sustainable development of Northeast Regional social economy.
That the method for measurement Wind Erosion in Farmland amount is the most commonly used at present is the BSNE (Big developed by D.W.Fryrear
Spring Number Eight) sand-taped instrument mensuration.The rotary shaft that BSNE sand-taped instrument can then be configured by tail end, so that collection is husky
Instrument sand inlet face wind direction always acquires the sand-like of different height and can be used for the field dust storm observation of long period.BNSE collection
Sha Yi is chiefly used in the measurement of Wind Erosion of Sandy Lands amount at home, and Sandy Soil is based on aeolian sandy soil, in upper soll layer, sand grains (>
Content 0.02mm) is mostly 90% or so, therefore dust deposit phenomenon is actually rare during wind erosion, and Farmland in Black Soil Area soil
For medium bed black earth, based on clay (< 0.002mm) and powder (0.002-0.02mm), account for soil particle total 70% is left
It is right.Therefore the phenomenon that there are the saltation of small particle grogs and dust deposits during wind erosion.In order to heavy in BNSE equipment
It accumulates the movement of the soil particle inside the sand collecting box entered in BSNE sand-taped instrument and is mounted with 18 between sandbox and sand collecting box adopting
Mesh screen, but the sieve of this partial size can not prevent small particle grogs caused by the turbulent flow due to sand collecting box internal gas flow
Movement, and then cannot play the role of being effectively maintained to the small particle grogs for having entered sand-taped instrument, can be led when wind speed is larger
Cause the loss of small particle grogs serious, therefore grogs particle size range collected by BNSE sand-taped instrument is limited, measured value error is larger.Therefore
In Farmland in Black Soil Area region, urgent need, which develops one kind, can be improved black earth wind erosion quantity measured value precision, and easy to carry, installation and behaviour
Make simple wind erosion observation device.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to solve existing BNSE sand-taped instrument collect grogs particle size range it is limited and to northeast it is black
Tu Qu erodes the larger problem of measurement error, and provides a kind of Farmland in Black Soil Area soil wind erosion measuring device and its application method.
Farmland in Black Soil Area soil wind erosion measuring device of the present invention includes adopting sandbox, sand collecting box, empennage wind deflector, fixed link and branch
Support, the sandbox of adopting is trapezoidal hollow box construction, and the box body top surface for adopting sandbox is provided with ventilation screen, and ventilation screen is 60 mesh
The stainless steel mesh in aperture, trapezoidal sandbox narrow side place side of adopting are provided with ventilation opening, and the box bottom for adopting sandbox is provided with blinds
The choke baffle of window, the box bottom for adopting sandbox are connected with sand collecting box by card slot and form sandbox component；
Fixed link is inserted vertically into soil, and the top of fixed link is circumferentially connected with more towlines, the other end of every towline
It is connected to soil surface, is arranged with multiple pedestals along the short transverse of fixed link, pedestal is fixed on fixed link by fixing bolt
The body of rod on, the upper surface of each pedestal is provided with support frame, bearing is provided between fixed link and support frame makes support frame
Rotated around fixed link, the frame body outer surface of support frame is equipped with empennage wind deflector and sandbox component, and keep empennage wind deflector and
Sandbox component is on a horizontal axis.
Support frame of the present invention is socketed in fixed link by swivel bearing, and swivel bearing is rotated relative to fixed link, pedestal
It is fixed on the body of rod of fixed link by fixing bolt, when the rotation of wind empennage wind deflector, empennage wind deflector drives support frame
Rotation rotates sandbox component to direction windward, and the sand and dust come with the wind enter in sandbox component.
The method of present invention application Farmland in Black Soil Area soil wind erosion measuring device measurement wind erosion quantity is realized according to the following steps:
One, bottom of fixed is inserted into Farmland in Black Soil Area soil, one end of towline is connected to the bar top of fixed link, towline
The other end is fixed on soil surface, and empennage wind deflector and sandbox component are screwed the frame body outer surface for being mounted on support frame
On, and keep empennage wind deflector and sandbox component on a horizontal axis, multiple bottoms are arranged with along the short transverse of fixed link
Seat, pedestal are fixed on the body of rod of fixed link by fixing bolt, and the upper surface of each pedestal is provided with support frame, completes black
The assembling of native Wind Erosion in Farmland measurement device；
Two, stream is blown by the ventilation opening of sandbox component adopts in sand 1, and sand and dust fall into sand collecting box under gravity
In, the air-flow after removing sand and dust is blown out by the ventilation screen for adopting sandbox；
Three, the sand and dust in sand collecting box and collection box are periodically removed, is dried by baking oven, obtains sand collecting box after balance is weighed
In wind erosion amount of substance, by formula Q=M ÷ S, Q is soil sedimentary loading in formula, and M is amount of substance of eroding in sand collecting box, and S is logical
Vent area, to obtain farmland region in the sedimentary loading of the different height of the period.
Farmland in Black Soil Area soil wind erosion measuring device and its application method of the present invention include it is following the utility model has the advantages that
1. BSNE type sand-taped instrument is improved to by the present invention being capable of collection cut size range biggish wind erosion grogs expansion and perfect
Measurement to Farmland in Black Soil Area soil erosion amount, evaluated error is small, obtained conclusion be actually more nearly, increase method
Applicability and true type；
2. easy to implement, simplified calculation method of the invention, can be according to research it needs to be determined that the sampling interval, practical.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of Farmland in Black Soil Area soil wind erosion measuring device of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of sandbox component；
Fig. 3 is the scale diagrams of sandbox component.
Specific embodiment
Specific embodiment 1: present embodiment Farmland in Black Soil Area soil wind erosion measuring device include adopt sandbox 1, sand collecting box 2,
Empennage wind deflector 3, fixed link 4 and support frame 5-1, the sandbox 1 of adopting is trapezoidal hollow box construction, adopts the box body of sandbox 1
Top surface is provided with ventilation screen 8, and ventilation screen 8 is the stainless steel mesh in 60 mesh apertures, it is trapezoidal adopt sandbox 1 narrow side where side be provided with it is logical
Air port 10, the box bottom for adopting sandbox 1 are provided with the choke baffle 9 of venetian blind type, and the box bottom for adopting sandbox 1 is connected by card slot
It is connected to sand collecting box 2 and forms sandbox component；
Fixed link 4 is inserted vertically into soil, and the top of fixed link 4 is circumferentially connected with more towlines, every towline it is another
End is connected to soil surface, is arranged with multiple pedestal 5-2 along the short transverse of fixed link 4, pedestal 5-2 is solid by fixing bolt 6
Be scheduled on the body of rod of fixed link 4, the upper surface of each pedestal 5-2 be provided with support frame 5-1, fixed link 4 and support frame 5-1 it
Between be provided with bearing make support frame 5-1 around fixed link 4 rotate, the frame body outer surface of support frame 5-1 is equipped with 3 He of empennage wind deflector
Sandbox component, and keep empennage wind deflector 3 and sandbox component on a horizontal axis.
Specific embodiment 2: present embodiment is 220 from the length of fixed link 4 unlike specific embodiment one
~250cm.
Specific embodiment 3: present embodiment is in vertebra from the bar bottom of fixed link 4 unlike specific embodiment two
Pointed, the depth that fixed link 4 is placed into the soil is 35~45cm.
The bottom of present embodiment fixed link is arranged with circular base plate 7, and chassis is for stablizing and leveling single unit system.
Specific embodiment 4: ventilation screen 8 unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to three
Area is 60~70cm2。
Ventilation screen described in present embodiment is the channel of inside and outside airflow.
Specific embodiment 5: trapezoidal unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to four adopt sandbox
It is 5cm × 2cm that side where narrow side, which is provided with the area of ventilation opening 10, on 1.
Specific embodiment 6: in support frame 5- unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to five
1 frame body outer surface, which is screwed, is equipped with empennage wind deflector 3 and sandbox component.
Specific embodiment 7: along fixed link 4 unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to six
Short transverse be arranged with 5 support frame 5-1.
Specific embodiment 8: present embodiment unlike specific embodiment seven 5 support frame 5-1 in fixation
The setting height of bar 4 is respectively away from 20~25cm of ground, 50~55cm, 100~105cm, 150~155cm and 200~205cm
Height on.
Specific embodiment 9: adopting sandbox 1, collection unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to eight
The material of sandbox 2 and empennage wind deflector 3 is stainless steel.
Specific embodiment 10: the method for present embodiment application Farmland in Black Soil Area soil wind erosion measuring device measurement wind erosion quantity
Implement according to the following steps:
One, 4 bottom of fixed link is inserted into Farmland in Black Soil Area soil, one end of towline is connected to the bar top of fixed link 4, towline
The other end be fixed on soil surface, empennage wind deflector 3 and sandbox component are screwed outside the frame body for being mounted on support frame 5-1
On surface, and keep empennage wind deflector 3 and sandbox component on a horizontal axis, the short transverse along fixed link 4 is arranged with
Multiple pedestal 5-2, pedestal 5-2 are fixed on the body of rod of fixed link 4 by fixing bolt 6, are set in the upper surface of each pedestal 5-2
It is equipped with support frame 5-1, completes the assembling of Farmland in Black Soil Area soil wind erosion measuring device；
Two, stream is blown by the ventilation opening 10 of sandbox component and is adopted in sandbox 1, and sand and dust fall into collection under gravity
In sandbox 2, the air-flow after removing sand and dust is blown out by the ventilation screen 8 for adopting sandbox 1；
Three, the sand and dust in sand collecting box 2 and collection box are periodically removed, are dried by baking oven, it is husky that collection is obtained after balance is weighed
Wind erosion amount of substance in box, by formula Q=M ÷ S, Q is soil sedimentary loading in formula, and M is amount of substance of eroding in sand collecting box, and S is
Ventilation open area, to obtain farmland region in the sedimentary loading of the different height of the period.
Embodiment: the present embodiment Farmland in Black Soil Area soil wind erosion measuring device includes adopting sandbox 1, sand collecting box 2, empennage wind deflector
3, fixed link 4 and support frame 5-1, the sandbox 1 of adopting is trapezoidal hollow box construction, and the box body top surface for adopting sandbox 1 is provided with
Ventilation screen 8, ventilation screen 8 are the stainless steel mesh in 60 mesh apertures, area 65cm2, trapezoidal 1 narrow side of sandbox place side of adopting is provided with
Ventilation opening 10, the box bottom for adopting sandbox 1 are provided with the choke baffle 9 of venetian blind type, and the box bottom for adopting sandbox 1 passes through card slot
It is connected with sand collecting box 2 and forms sandbox component；
Fixed link 4 is inserted vertically into soil, and the top of fixed link 4 is circumferentially connected with more towlines, every towline it is another
End is connected to soil surface, is arranged with 5 pedestal 5-2 along the short transverse of fixed link 4, pedestal 5-2 is fixed by fixing bolt 6
On the body of rod of fixed link 4, the upper surface of each pedestal 5-2 is provided with support frame 5-1, between fixed link 4 and support frame 5-1
Being provided with bearing rotates support frame 5-1 around fixed link 4, and the frame body outer surface of support frame 5-1 is equipped with empennage wind deflector 3 and sand
Case assembly, and keep empennage wind deflector 3 and sandbox component on a horizontal axis, 5 support frame 5-1 setting in fixed link 4
Setting height is respectively in the height away from ground 20cm, 50cm, 100cm, 150cm and 200cm.
The present embodiment adopt sandbox 1 it is lesser it is open at one end for acquisition wind erosion object import, sand inlet area 5cm × 2cm,
28cm (d) long conduit wall is extended to the outside (as shown in Figure 3) gradually with the angle of 11 ° (α), and formation diffuser, which slows down to enter, adopts sand
The movement of air in box deposits to wind erosion object in sand collecting box by gravity when not moving to the end of diffuser.It adopts
The side wall lower ends of sandbox 1 are provided with the card slot being clamped with sand collecting box 2.Sand collecting box 2 is trapezoidal hollow box-like structure, and top surface is open,
The upper end setting of side wall and the card slot for adopting card slot clamping on sandbox 1, are mainly used for containing the wind erosion object deposited.
The present embodiment is the movement for reducing deposited soil particle in sand collecting box, reduces the additional broken of soil particle
Or tiny soil particle is lost by ventilation screen, while being reduced impurity (such as stalk, blade of grass) and being entered in sand collecting box 1, it is described
1 bottom surface of the sandbox position concordant with sand inlet lower part of adopting the stainless steel shoe of reverse venetian blind type is installed as choke baffle,
And suitable water is added inside sand collecting box 2.
3 area of empennage wind deflector described in the present embodiment is 30cm × 23cm, for the direction of adjust automatically sand inlet, is protected
Holding sand inlet being capable of constantly face wind direction.
For the sedimentary loading of different height in measurement farmland, 5 groups of sandbox components are set in fixed link 4, it can be according to practical need
Adjust group number and corresponding height.
Match towline 3 in every fixed link of the present embodiment 4, and sandbox 1 is adopted positioned at highest in towline and 4 junction of fixed link
At the above 20cm, three towlines are mutually hexagonal angle, and the angle of cut between towline and ground is 45 °, equally can lay feelings according to scene
Condition is adjusted.
During using present apparatus measurement Farmland in Black Soil Area wind erosion measurement, stream is entered by adopting sandbox 1, and sand and dust are in weight
It is fallen under the action of power in sand collecting box 2, the air-flow after removing sand and dust leaves the present apparatus by adopting sandbox 1.5 groups of sandbox components exist respectively
Collect the sedimentary loading of same fixed point different height in field.It periodically removes sand collecting box 2 and collects sand and dust therein, dried by baking oven
It is dry, the wind erosion amount of substance in sand collecting box is obtained after balance is weighed, by formula Q=M ÷ S, Q is soil sedimentary loading in formula, and M is
Wind erosion amount of substance in sand collecting box, S is ventilation open area, to obtain farmland region in the sedimentary loading of the different height of the period.
Farmland in Black Soil Area soil wind erosion measuring device of the invention be applied to wind erosion measurement instrument and equipment field in, pass through by
BSNE type sand-taped instrument be improved to can the biggish wind erosion grogs of collection cut size range, expand and perfect Farmland in Black Soil Area soil invaded
The measurement of erosion amount, evaluated error is small, obtained conclusion be actually more nearly.
Claims (10)
1. Farmland in Black Soil Area soil wind erosion measuring device, it is characterised in that the Farmland in Black Soil Area soil wind erosion measuring device includes adopting sandbox
(1), sand collecting box (2), empennage wind deflector (3), fixed link (4) and support frame (5-1), described adopt sandbox (1) is trapezoidal hollow
Box body structure, the box body top surface for adopting sandbox (1) are provided with ventilation screen (8), and ventilation screen (8) is the stainless steel mesh in 60 mesh apertures,
Trapezoidal sandbox (1) narrow side place side of adopting is provided with ventilation opening (10), and the box bottom for adopting sandbox (1) is provided with the resistance of venetian blind type
Windshield plate (9), the box bottom for adopting sandbox (1) are connected with sand collecting box (2) by card slot and form sandbox component；
Fixed link (4) is inserted vertically into soil, and the top of fixed link (4) is circumferentially connected with one end of more towlines, every towline
The other end be connected to soil surface, be arranged with multiple pedestals (5-2) along the short transverse of fixed link (4), pedestal (5-2) passes through
Fixing bolt (6) is fixed on the body of rod of fixed link (4), and the upper surface of each pedestal (5-2) is provided with support frame (5-1),
Bearing is provided between fixed link (4) and support frame (5-1) rotates support frame (5-1) around fixed link (4), support frame (5-1)
Frame body outer surface empennage wind deflector (3) and sandbox component be installed, and keep empennage wind deflector (3) and sandbox component at one
On horizontal axis.
2. Farmland in Black Soil Area soil wind erosion measuring device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the length of fixed link (4) is
220~250cm.
3. Farmland in Black Soil Area soil wind erosion measuring device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the bar bottom of fixed link (4) is in
Vertebra is pointed, and the depth that fixed link (4) is placed into the soil is 35~45cm.
4. Farmland in Black Soil Area soil wind erosion measuring device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that ventilation screen (8) area be
60~70cm2。
5. Farmland in Black Soil Area soil wind erosion measuring device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that trapezoidal to adopt sandbox (1) narrow side
Ventilation opening (10) area that place side is provided with is 5cm × 2cm.
6. Farmland in Black Soil Area soil wind erosion measuring device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in the frame of support frame (5-1)
External surface, which is screwed, is equipped with empennage wind deflector (3) and sandbox component.
7. Farmland in Black Soil Area soil wind erosion measuring device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the height along fixed link (4)
Direction is arranged with 5 support frames (5-1).
8. Farmland in Black Soil Area soil wind erosion measuring device according to claim 7, it is characterised in that 5 support frames (5-1) exist
The setting height of fixed link (4) be respectively away from 20~25cm of ground, 50~55cm, 100~105cm, 150~155cm and 200~
In the height of 205cm.
9. Farmland in Black Soil Area soil wind erosion measuring device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that adopt sandbox (1), sand collecting box
(2) and the material of empennage wind deflector (3) is stainless steel.
10. the method for application Farmland in Black Soil Area soil wind erosion measuring device as described in claim 1 measurement wind erosion quantity, feature exist
It is realized according to the following steps in this method:
One, fixed link (4) bottom is inserted into Farmland in Black Soil Area soil, one end of towline is connected to the bar top of fixed link (4), towline
The other end be fixed on soil surface, empennage wind deflector (3) and sandbox component are screwed the frame for being mounted on support frame (5-1)
On external surface, and keep empennage wind deflector (3) and sandbox component on a horizontal axis, along the height side of fixed link (4)
To being arranged with multiple pedestals (5-2), pedestal (5-2) is fixed on the body of rod of fixed link (4) by fixing bolt (6), each
The upper surface of pedestal (5-2) is provided with support frame (5-1), completes the assembling of Farmland in Black Soil Area soil wind erosion measuring device；
Two, stream is blown by the ventilation opening (10) of sandbox component and is adopted in sandbox (1), and sand and dust fall into collection under gravity
In sandbox (2), the air-flow after removing sand and dust is blown out by the ventilation screen (8) for adopting sandbox (1)；
Three, the sand and dust in sand collecting box (2) and collection box are periodically removed, is dried by baking oven, obtains sand collecting box after balance is weighed
In wind erosion amount of substance, by formula Q=M ÷ S, Q is soil sedimentary loading in formula, and M is amount of substance of eroding in sand collecting box, and S is logical
Vent area, to obtain farmland region in the sedimentary loading of the different height of the period.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811429484.6A CN109507099A (en) | 2018-11-27 | 2018-11-27 | Farmland in Black Soil Area soil wind erosion measuring device and its application method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811429484.6A CN109507099A (en) | 2018-11-27 | 2018-11-27 | Farmland in Black Soil Area soil wind erosion measuring device and its application method |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111708104A (en) * | 2020-07-16 | 2020-09-25 | 石家庄铁道大学 | Device for measuring snow flux and snow density at different heights |
| CN113375895A (en) * | 2021-06-16 | 2021-09-10 | 内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院 | Different height from ground soil wind erosion amount collection device |
| CN113945506A (en) * | 2021-10-22 | 2022-01-18 | 内蒙古自治区林业科学研究院 | Soil wind erosion measuring device |
| CN115112339A (en) * | 2022-07-05 | 2022-09-27 | 辽宁省农业科学院 | Soil wind erosion desertification monitoring sand collecting device |
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