CN109506763A - A kind of vector hydrophone thinned arrays method based on learning aid optimization - Google Patents
A kind of vector hydrophone thinned arrays method based on learning aid optimization Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of vector hydrophone thinned arrays method based on learning aid optimization, include the following steps: that (1) determines that vector hydrophone combination directive property and composite array directivity function step, (2) Optimization Progress initialization step, (3) choose individual teacher step, learn from each other stage etch, (7) of (4) Teacher's comprehensive learning procedure, (5) teachers ' teaching stage etch, (6) student terminate judgment step.The present invention combines practical classroom instruction process, it introduces Teacher's comprehensive and learns the stage, utilize the working mechanism of the vector hydrophone in thinned arrays, optimizing is switched in " activation " and " closing " two states, the local search ability for enhancing learning aid optimization can get better thinned arrays optimum results, while without adjusting the specific parameter factors of algorithm, a large amount of algorithm regulating time is saved, practical implementation is more met.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to sonar technique fields, dilute more particularly, to a kind of vector hydrophone based on learning aid optimization
Dredge method of structuring the formation.
Background technique
Vector hydrophone is passed in structure by traditional non-directive acoustic pressure as a kind of novel underwater acoustic measurement sensor
Sensor and dipole directive property vibration velocity sensor are combined, and can synchronize, concurrent measurement acoustic pressure and vibration velocity information, fundamentally
Solve the problems, such as " port and starboard ambiguity ", in underwater sound warning sonar, tow line array sonar, the conformal sonar of shell side cooler, more base sound
Receiving equal fields is widely used.
Thinned array refers on the basis of meeting array performance constraint, the removal portion from the full array intensively arranged of tradition
A kind of array element obtained after point array element can reduce biography with the array of sparse formal distribution under the premise of obtaining high-resolution
Sensor number reduces system hardware cost.Vector hydrophone thinned arrays technology helps to solve the mistake in practical sonar array
Effect array element reparation and distributed more base sonars are structured the formation problem, have important engineering value.
Process of the R.V Rao et al. based on teacher and student Knowledge Sharing and acquisition during classroom instruction, proposes religion
With optimization algorithm.In the religion stage, class member learns according to the otherness of teacher's matrix and student's average level；It is learning
Stage is compared to each other between class member, and the low member of fitness learns to the high member of fitness.This Knowledge Sharing mode
The autonomous learning stage of teacher is had ignored, typically, teacher is as the highest member of fitness in entire population, in classroom
It requires a great deal of time before giving lessons and carries out autonomous learning to prepare the content of courses, to improve Classroom Teaching.
Existing thinned arrays technology generallys use Stochastic Optimization Algorithms to find the globally optimal solution of problems, such as simulates
Annealing algorithm, genetic algorithm, particle swarm algorithm etc., for this pseudo-similar random optimization approach there are a common problem, i.e. algorithm is specific
Parameter factors adjust cooling ratio that is very complicated, such as being used to control temperature drop rate in simulated annealing, and heredity is calculated
Mutagenic factor in method intersects the factor, Studying factors and inertia weight in particle swarm algorithm.This kind of parameter factors are in algorithm reality
Need to take a significant amount of time during applying and be adjusted, once and problem model or application change, then need weight
New adjusting algorithm parameter is unfavorable for practical engineering application to adapt to new problem model or application, pole.
Summary of the invention
Aiming at the above defects or improvement requirements of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of vectors based on learning aid optimization
Hydrophone thinned arrays method, key step are as follows:
(1) vector hydrophone combination directive property and composite array directivity function step are determined:
Using the acoustic pressure and vibration velocity channel output signal of vector hydrophone, obtain combination formed directivity function R (f,
θ), wherein f is hydrophone centre frequency, and θ is horizontal azimuth.The sound pressure signal is denoted as p, and the vibration velocity signal is denoted as v, vibration
Fast sensor can form dipole directive property in three-dimensional space.In Oceanic waveguide, since vertical direction is standing wave, so
Usually investigate the two-dimentional directive property of horizontal direction.
According to the combination directivity function R (f, θ) of vector hydrophone, determination is answered by what multiple vector hydrophones formed
Combined array column directivity function Fm(f, θ), expression formula are
Fm(f, θ)=R (f, θ) F (f, θ)
Wherein F (f, θ) is the directivity function of acoustic pressure scalar matrix.
(2) Optimization Progress initialization step:
Initialize the control parameter in learning aid optimization algorithm, including class individual amount Pz, maximum number of iterations Gen.
To carry out vector hydrophone arrays excitation weight w initialize random assignment, the arbitrary excitation weight be 0 to 1 between with
Machine real number, matrix size are Pz × M, and wherein M indicates the number of vector hydrophone in array.The excitation weight indifference effect
In the excitation power in vector hydrophone whole acoustic pressure and vibration velocity channel, i.e., in the acoustic pressure and vibration velocity channel in vector hydrophone
Value is the same.
Define i-th of class volume matrix wiCorresponding objective function f (wi) expression formula is
||·||0Indicate l0Norm operation, for the sparse degree of metric matrix, k1For penalty coefficient, for controlling secondary lobe
Peak level, value size in entire visible area wave beam number and beam resolution it is related；S indicates that beam energy value is high
In the region of desired side lobe peak.
(3) individual teacher step is chosen
Class's individual adaptation degree is evaluated, the optimal individual of fitness is chosen and is used as individual teacher, the fitness function of class
It can be expressed as
Wherein g indicates current corresponding the number of iterations.Choosing the highest member of fitness in class's individual is teacherIts
Remaining class member is student.
(4) Teacher's comprehensive learning procedure
Teacher prepares class teaching content by autonomous learning, and autonomous learning is carried out using local search approach, institute
State Teacher's comprehensive study the stage include the following steps:
(4.1) m-th of vector hydrophone is chosen with random ergodic sequence, judges vector hydrophone acoustic pressure and vibration velocity channel
Motivate weight wT, mWhether it is 0, if then starting " activation " process, otherwise, starts " closing " process.
" activation " process includes the following steps:
(4.1.1) with arbitrary excitation weight to the vector hydrophone carry out assignment, the arbitrary excitation weight be 0 to 1 it
Between real number, excitation weight acts on the whole acoustic pressures and vibration velocity channel of the vector hydrophone.
(4.1.2) judges whether new teacher's matrix after assignment can obtain better fitness, if then receiving new to swash
Weight is encouraged, the vector hydrophone whole acoustic pressure and vibration velocity channel excitation weight are otherwise set as 0 again.
" closing " process includes the following steps:
The excitation weight of the vector hydrophone whole acoustic pressure and vibration velocity channel is set as 0 by (4.2.1).
(4.2.2) judges whether new teacher's matrix after assignment can obtain better fitness, if then receiving new to swash
Weight is encouraged, the excitation weight of the vector hydrophone whole acoustic pressure and vibration velocity channel is otherwise returned into reset condition.
(4.2) judge whether all vector hydrophones have traversed in individual teacher, if then terminating Teacher's comprehensive
Step is practised, step (4.1) are otherwise transferred to.
(5) teachers ' teaching stage etch
Stage teacher gives lessons according to the whole know-how of class member, it is therefore an objective to make class's average level and oneself
Body know-how is more close.The be averaged difference of know-how of teacher and class is defined as follows:
Wherein rand indicates the random number of [0,1], indicates the average know-how of class, TfIndicate teaching the factor, this because
Son is for indicating teaching efficiency, with equiprobability value 1 or 2.The class member in stage mode of updating one's knowledge is
If the updated value of individual memberCompared to being achieved preferably originally as a result, can then be retained, otherwise return is former
Beginning excitation state.
(6) student learns from each other stage etch
(6.1) two individual students weight matrixs are randomly choosedWithTarget function value corresponding to it is respectivelyWithIfThat is the fitness of individual i is higher than individual j, and individual j is to individual i at this time
It practises,Otherwise individual i learns to individual j,
(6.2) if updated weight matrixCorresponding target function value is lower than original value, then enablesIt is no
Then, it is not processed；If updated weight matrixCorresponding target function value is lower than original value, then enablesOtherwise,
It is not processed；
(6.3) step (6.1)~(6.2) are repeated, make to have an opportunity to learn from each other between multiple class's individuals, repetition is held
Row number is determined by class's individual amount.
(7) judgment step is terminated
If current iteration number g reaches maximum number of iterations Gen, Optimization Progress is terminated, exports final class's excitation
Weight matrix, and select wherein optimum individual as final vector hydrophone thinned arrays scheme；Otherwise, step (3) are transferred to.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following advantages that
(1) vector thinned arrays method proposed by the present invention, only need to be to algorithm without adjusting the specific parameter factors of algorithm
Population scale and maximum number of iterations set i.e. executable thinned arrays Optimizing Flow, a large amount of algorithm tune can be saved
The time is saved, practical implementation is more met.
(2) present invention combines practical classroom instruction process, introduces Teacher's comprehensive and learns the stage, utilizes the arrow in thinned arrays
The working mechanism for measuring hydrophone switches over optimizing, the office of enhancing learning aid optimization in " activation " and " closing " two states
Portion's search capability can get better thinned arrays optimum results.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is vector hydrophone thinned arrays method flow diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is that the vector hydrophone arrays after thinned arrays motivate weight distribution map；
Fig. 3 is sparse spike hydrophone array and original array wave beam comparison diagram.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, right
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that described herein, specific examples are only used to explain the present invention, not
For limiting the present invention.
Fig. 1 be it is of the present invention based on learning aid optimization vector hydrophone thinned arrays method flow diagram, as according to
According to the most common linear array in sonar field progress thinned arrays, key step is as follows:
(1) vector hydrophone combination directive property and composite array directivity function step are determined:
Using the acoustic pressure and vibration velocity channel output signal of vector hydrophone, obtain combination formed directivity function R (f,
θ), wherein f is vector hydrophone centre frequency, and θ is horizontal azimuth, and the sound pressure signal is denoted as p, and the vibration velocity signal is denoted as
V, combination directive property are
In formulaTo guide orientation, vcTo combine vibration velocity, by two orthogonal vibration velocity component vxAnd vyIt is composed, expression formula
For
Consider that most common half-wavelength uniform linear array in sonar field, array element number 32, vector water are listened in this example
Device array center frequency is 8kHz, and it is 90 ° that main beam, which focuses orientation,.
According to the combination directivity function R (f, θ) of vector hydrophone, determination is answered by what multiple vector hydrophones formed
Combined array column directivity function Fm(f, θ), expression formula are
Fm(f, θ)=R (f, θ) F (f, θ)
F (f, θ) is the directivity function of acoustic pressure scalar matrix in formula, and expression formula is
(2) Optimization Progress initialization step:
Initialize the control parameter in learning aid optimization algorithm, including class individual amount Pz, maximum number of iterations Gen.
Class's individual amount is set as 50 in this example, maximum number of iterations 100.
Random assignment is initialized to the excitation weight w for carrying out vector hydrophone arrays, the arbitrary excitation weight is 0 to 1
Between random real number, matrix size be 50 × 32, the excitation weight indifference act on vector hydrophone whole acoustic pressure with
On vibration velocity channel, i.e., the excitation weight in the acoustic pressure and vibration velocity channel in vector hydrophone is the same.
Define i-th of class volume matrix wiCorresponding objective function f (wi) expression formula is
k1Wave beam number for penalty coefficient, for controlling side lobe peak level, in value size and entire visible area
It is related to beam resolution；S indicates that beam energy value is higher than the region of desired side lobe peak.Penalty coefficient is set as k in this example1
=0.5, secondary lobe region is set as [0,86 °] ∪ [94 °, 360 °].
(3) individual teacher step is chosen
Class's individual adaptation degree is evaluated, the optimal individual of fitness is chosen and is used as individual teacher, the fitness function of class
It can be expressed as
Wherein g indicates current corresponding the number of iterations.Choosing the highest member of fitness in class's individual is teacherIts
Remaining class member is student.
(4) Teacher's comprehensive learning procedure
Teacher prepares class teaching content by autonomous learning, and autonomous learning is carried out using local search approach, institute
State Teacher's comprehensive study the stage include the following steps:
(4.1) m-th of vector hydrophone is chosen with random ergodic sequence, judges vector hydrophone acoustic pressure and vibration velocity channel
Motivate weight wT, mWhether it is 0, if then starting " activation " process, otherwise, starts " closing " process.
" activation " process includes the following steps:
(4.1.1) with arbitrary excitation weight to the vector hydrophone carry out assignment, the arbitrary excitation weight be 0 to 1 it
Between real number, excitation weight acts on the whole acoustic pressures and vibration velocity channel of the vector hydrophone.
(4.1.2) judges whether new teacher's matrix after assignment can obtain better fitness, if then receiving new to swash
Weight is encouraged, the excitation weight of the vector hydrophone whole acoustic pressure and vibration velocity channel is otherwise set as 0 again.
" closing " process includes the following steps:
The excitation weight of the vector hydrophone whole acoustic pressure and vibration velocity channel is set as 0 by (4.2.1).
(4.2.2) judges whether new teacher's matrix after assignment can obtain better fitness, if then receiving new to swash
Weight is encouraged, the excitation weight of the vector hydrophone whole acoustic pressure and vibration velocity channel is otherwise returned into reset condition.
(4.2) judge whether all vector hydrophones have traversed in individual teacher, if then terminating Teacher's comprehensive
Step is practised, step (4.1) are otherwise transferred to.
(5) teachers ' teaching stage etch
Stage teacher gives lessons according to the whole know-how of class member, it is therefore an objective to make class's average level and oneself
Body know-how is more close.The be averaged difference of know-how of teacher and class is defined as follows:
Wherein rand indicates the random number of [0,1], wgIndicate the average know-how of class, TfIndicate teaching the factor, this because
Son is for indicating teaching efficiency, with equiprobability value 1 or 2.The class member in stage mode of updating one's knowledge is
If the updated value of individual memberCompared to being achieved preferably originally as a result, can then be retained, otherwise return is former
Beginning excitation state.
(6) student learns from each other stage etch
(6.1) two individual students weight matrixs are randomly choosedWithTarget function value corresponding to it is respectivelyWithIfThat is the fitness of individual i is higher than individual j, and individual j is to individual i at this time
It practises,Otherwise individual i learns to individual j,
(6.2) if updated weight matrixCorresponding target function value is lower than original value, then enablesIt is no
Then, it is not processed；If updated weight matrixCorresponding target function value is lower than original value, then enablesOtherwise,
It is not processed；
(6.3) step (6.1)~(6.2) are repeated, make to have an opportunity to learn from each other between multiple class's individuals, repetition is held
Row number is determined by class's individual amount.
(7) judgment step is terminated
If current iteration number g reaches maximum number of iterations 100, Optimization Progress is terminated, exports final class's excitation
Weight matrix, and select wherein optimum individual as final vector hydrophone thinned arrays scheme；Otherwise, step (3) are transferred to.
Hydrophone number is 24 in the finally obtained sparse spike array of this example, and excitation weight distribution is as shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 3
For the spatial beams comparison diagram of sparse spike battle array and original array.According to final thinned arrays result it is found that sparse spike battle array
Hydrophone number compared to original array reduces 25%, and maximum side lobe peak falls to -18dB by original -13.3dB, has
Better Sidelobe Suppression effect.
As it will be easily appreciated by one skilled in the art that the foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, not to
The limitation present invention, any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should all include
Within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of vector hydrophone thinned arrays method based on learning aid optimization, which comprises the steps of:
(1) vector hydrophone combination directive property and composite array directivity function step are determined:
Using the acoustic pressure and vibration velocity channel output signal of vector hydrophone, obtains combination and forms directivity function R (f, θ),
Wherein f is hydrophone centre frequency, and θ is horizontal azimuth.The sound pressure signal is denoted as p, and the vibration velocity signal is denoted as v, vibration velocity
Sensor can form dipole directive property in three-dimensional space.In Oceanic waveguide, since vertical direction is standing wave, so logical
Often investigate the two-dimentional directive property of horizontal direction.
According to the combination directivity function R (f, θ) of vector hydrophone, the compound matrices being made of multiple vector hydrophones are determined
Column directivity function Fm(f, θ), expression formula are
Fm(f, θ)=R (f, θ) F (f, θ)
Wherein F (f, θ) is the directivity function of acoustic pressure scalar matrix.
(2) Optimization Progress initialization step:
Initialize the control parameter in learning aid optimization algorithm, including class individual amount Pz, maximum number of iterations Gen.To into
The excitation weight w of row vector hydrophone arrays initializes random assignment, and the arbitrary excitation weight is the random reality between 0 to 1
Number, matrix size are Pz × M, and wherein M indicates the number of vector hydrophone in array.The excitation weight indifference acts on arrow
It measures on hydrophone whole acoustic pressure and vibration velocity channel, i.e., the excitation weight in the acoustic pressure and vibration velocity channel in vector hydrophone is all
It is the same.
Define i-th of class volume matrix wiCorresponding objective function f (wi) expression formula is
||·||0Indicate l0Norm operation, for the sparse degree of metric matrix, k1For penalty coefficient, for controlling side lobe peak
Level, value size in entire visible area wave beam number and beam resolution it is related；S indicates that beam energy value is higher than the phase
Hope the region of side lobe peak.
(3) individual teacher step is chosen
Class's individual adaptation degree is evaluated, the optimal individual of fitness is chosen and is used as individual teacher, the fitness function of class can be with
It is expressed as
Wherein g indicates current corresponding the number of iterations.Choosing the highest member of fitness in class's individual is teacherRemaining class
Grade member is student.
(4) Teacher's comprehensive learning procedure
Teacher prepares class teaching content by autonomous learning, and autonomous learning is carried out using local search approach, the religion
Teacher includes the following steps: in the autonomous learning stage
(4.1) m-th of vector hydrophone is chosen with random ergodic sequence, judges the excitation of vector hydrophone acoustic pressure and vibration velocity channel
Weight wT, mWhether it is 0, if then starting " activation " process, otherwise, starts " closing " process.
(4.2) judge whether all vector hydrophones have traversed in individual teacher, if then terminating Teacher's comprehensive study step
Suddenly, step (4.1) are otherwise transferred to.
(5) teachers ' teaching stage etch
Stage teacher gives lessons according to the whole know-how of class member, it is therefore an objective to know that class's average level with itself
Know horizontal more close.The be averaged difference of know-how of teacher and class is defined as follows:
Wherein rand indicates the random number of [0,1], wgIndicate the average know-how of class, TfIndicate that the teaching factor, the factor are used
In indicating teaching efficiency, with equiprobability value 1 or 2.The class member in stage mode of updating one's knowledge is
If the updated value of individual memberCompared to achieving originally better as a result, can then be retained, otherwise return original sharp
Encourage state.
(6) student learns from each other stage etch
(6.1) two individual students weight matrixs are randomly choosedWithTarget function value corresponding to it is respectively
WithIfThat is the fitness of individual i is higher than individual j, and individual j learns to individual i at this time,Otherwise individual i learns to individual j,
(6.2) if updated weight matrixCorresponding target function value is lower than original value, then enablesOtherwise, no
It processes；If updated weight matrixCorresponding target function value is lower than original value, then enablesOtherwise, it does not do
Processing；
(6.3) step (6.1)~(6.2) are repeated, makes to have an opportunity to learn from each other between multiple class's individuals, repeat secondary
Number is determined by class's individual amount.
(7) judgment step is terminated
If current iteration number g reaches maximum number of iterations Gen, Optimization Progress is terminated, exports final class's excitation weight
Matrix, and select wherein optimum individual as final vector hydrophone thinned arrays scheme；Otherwise, step (3) are transferred to.
2. a kind of vector hydrophone thinned arrays method based on learning aid optimization according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, " activation " process includes the following steps:
(4.1.1) carries out assignment to the vector hydrophone with arbitrary excitation weight, and the arbitrary excitation weight is between 0 to 1
Real number, excitation weight act on the whole acoustic pressures and vibration velocity channel of the vector hydrophone.
(4.1.2) judges whether new teacher's matrix after assignment can obtain better fitness, if then receiving new excitation power
Value, is otherwise set as 0 for the excitation weight of the vector hydrophone whole acoustic pressure and vibration velocity channel again.
" closing " process includes the following steps:
The excitation weight of the vector hydrophone whole acoustic pressure and vibration velocity channel is set as 0 by (4.2.1).
(4.2.2) judges whether new teacher's matrix after assignment can obtain better fitness, if then receiving new excitation power
Otherwise the excitation weight of the vector hydrophone whole acoustic pressure and vibration velocity channel is returned to reset condition by value.
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