CN109506683A - A kind of FBG Fibre Optical Sensor demodulating system towards marine environmental monitoring - Google Patents
A kind of FBG Fibre Optical Sensor demodulating system towards marine environmental monitoring Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The FBG Fibre Optical Sensor demodulating system towards marine environmental monitoring that the invention proposes a kind of, comprising: signal input sources and sensing module；It further include demodulation techniques module and signal processing module.Wherein, demodulation techniques module is used to receive and demodulate the reflected light signal of the sensing module output, optical signal transmissive after output demodulation, and the optical signal transmissive is converted into electric signal, the electric signal that signal processing module exports demodulation techniques module is acquired, and by signal processing algorithm, the information of variable is monitored after being demodulated.This system is based on tunable optical fiber FP filter, using the Cascade algorithms that peak-seeking algorithm and adaptive-filtering innovatory algorithm combine, under the premise of hardware facility is not changed, improves the demodulation accuracy of system, improves system performance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to sea sensors and fiber optic communication field, and in particular to a kind of FBG for ocean environment monitoring
The demodulating system of fibre optical sensor.
Background technique
The main means of marine monitoring at present have monitoring and the fixed prison of pile supported platform automatically such as satellite remote sensing, ship buoy
Survey etc., these all be unable to do without sea sensor technology, and traditional physics sensor its stability in marine monitoring is poor, cost
Height is the transmission based on electric signal mostly, and usual structure is larger not to be durable, it is difficult to the structure of insertion measurement bulk properties, and
This kind of sensor belongs to part (or point) sensor, can only measure a kind of parameter on current location by limitation, cannot answer easily
With.In addition, cannot achieve long-term on-line early warning, the demand of current application is no longer satisfied.To solve the above-mentioned problems, it mentions
A kind of novel optical fiber sensing monitoring technology is gone out.Optical fiber sensing technology provides not only real-time and remote monitoring pile body structure
A possibility that, additionally it is possible to it takes into account specified parameter sensing or senses a variety of bottom parameters information simultaneously.Wherein functional sensing is former
Part, Bragg optical-fiber grating sensor (Fiber Bragg Grating, FBG) have insulation, electromagnetism interference and it is water-fast,
The advantages that corrosion-resistant is all that traditional sensors are unrivaled, and especially fiber grating is more stable in performance, more reliable, more
Accurately, and cost is lower.
FBG sensor belongs to wavelength modulation fiber sensor, and fiber grating is the light sensitivity using fiber optic materials in fibre
In-core forms space phase grating, is equivalent to (transmission or reflection) filter or reflecting mirror of a narrowband.When external environment changes
When change, Bragg central wavelength is drifted about, and the drift value for measuring this wavelength just can detect extraneous measured variation, that is, is passed through
The spectrum of sensor output signal is obtained to realize that signal demodulates.Limit a large amount of practical applications of fiber-optic grating sensor most at present
Major obstacle is exactly the demodulation of fiber grating sensing signal.It the use of spectrometer is demodulation most straightforward approach, but due to spectrometer
It is expensive and not portable, simultaneously because this quasi-instrument is not therefore to be only suitable for laboratory exclusively for designed by thermometric, strain etc.
Research, is not particularly suited for on-site test.
Demodulating system can be divided into two major parts, signal demodulation module and signal processing module in the prior art.Wherein, signal
The core of demodulation module is the selection of demodulation techniques.Traditional grating demodulation technology mainly has matching matrix, non-equilibrium horse
Conspicuous-Zeng Degan relates to demodulation method, tunable narrowband optical source demodulation method, tunable fiber FP (Fabry-Perot, F-P) demodulation by filter
Method etc..It is big in view of high sensitivity, the tuning range of tunable optical fiber FP filter, stability is good etc., it is supervised for marine environment
Selection is designed based on this demodulation techniques when survey.
Nucleus module is signal processing module there are one in optical fibre interrogation system, and wherein the Processing Algorithm of signal is usually single
The either other filtering algorithms of peak-seeking algorithm are solely used to carry out denoising to collected signal more accurate to obtain
Spectrum peak wavelength.In FBG sensing demodulating system, since optical path and circuit are directed to many hardware circuit modules, solution
Very big noise is certainly existed during adjusting.In conjunction with the accuracy requirement of marine field monitoring parameters, more optimal signal is needed
Processing module, for improving the demodulation accuracy of system, to obtain more accurate valuable marine information.
Summary of the invention
The present invention solves the technical problem of the signal solution sub-systems for how optimizing optical fibre interrogation system, for mentioning
The demodulation accuracy of high system, to obtain more accurate valuable marine information.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention proposes a kind of FBG Fibre Optical Sensor demodulation system towards marine environmental monitoring
System, comprising:
Sensing subsystem, including signal input sources and sensing module, wherein signal input sources are for generating
Light signal needed for system, light signal are sensed through transmission fiber entering signal sensing module, sensing module by FBG
Element acquisition and acquisition are monitored the reflected light signal that variable is influenced and generated；
Signal solution sub-system, including demodulation techniques module and signal processing module, wherein demodulation techniques module is used for
The reflected light signal for receiving and demodulating the sensing module output, the optical signal transmissive after output demodulation, and will be described
It penetrates optical signal and is converted to electric signal, the electric signal that signal processing module exports demodulation techniques module is acquired, and by seeking
Peak algorithm and the cascade signal processing algorithm of adaptive-filtering innovatory algorithm are monitored the information of variable after being demodulated.
A kind of specific embodiment according to the present invention, the present invention also provides a kind of computer readable storage mediums, including
Program, described program can be executed by processor to realize algorithm as described above.
According to a kind of FBG Fibre Optical Sensor demodulating system towards marine environmental monitoring of above-described embodiment, based on tunable
Optical fiber FP filter, using the Cascade algorithms that peak-seeking algorithm and adaptive-filtering innovatory algorithm combine, hardware facility not
Under the premise of change, the demodulation accuracy of system is improved, improves system performance.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of FBG Fibre Optical Sensor demodulating system schematic diagram towards marine environmental monitoring of embodiment；
Fig. 2 is a kind of sensing subsystem schematic diagram of embodiment；
Fig. 3 is a kind of signal solution sub-system schematic diagram of embodiment；
Fig. 4 is that a kind of peak-seeking algorithm of embodiment and adaptive-filtering innovatory algorithm cascade schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
Below by specific embodiment combination attached drawing, invention is further described in detail.Wherein different embodiments
Middle similar component uses associated similar element numbers.In the following embodiments, many datail descriptions be in order to
The application is better understood.However, those skilled in the art can recognize without lifting an eyebrow, part of feature
It is dispensed, or can be substituted by other elements, material, method in varied situations.In some cases, this Shen
Please it is relevant it is some operation there is no in the description show or describe, this is the core in order to avoid the application by mistake
More descriptions are flooded, and to those skilled in the art, these relevant operations, which are described in detail, not to be necessary, they
Relevant operation can be completely understood according to the general technology knowledge of description and this field in specification.
It is formed respectively in addition, feature described in this description, operation or feature can combine in any suitable way
Kind embodiment.Meanwhile each step in method description or movement can also can be aobvious and easy according to those skilled in the art institute
The mode carry out sequence exchange or adjustment seen.Therefore, the various sequences in the description and the appended drawings are intended merely to clearly describe a certain
A embodiment is not meant to be necessary sequence, and wherein some sequentially must comply with unless otherwise indicated.
It is herein component institute serialization number itself, such as " first ", " second " etc., is only used for distinguishing described object,
Without any sequence or art-recognized meanings.And " connection ", " connection " described in the application, unless otherwise instructed, include directly and
It is indirectly connected with (connection).
In embodiments of the present invention, a kind of FBG Fibre Optical Sensor demodulating system towards marine environmental monitoring is based on tunable
Optical fiber FP filter, the Cascade algorithms combined using peak-seeking algorithm and adaptive-filtering innovatory algorithm, hardware facility not more
Under the premise of changing, the demodulation accuracy of system is improved.
The working principle of FBG Fibre Optical Sensor demodulating system is described below: referring to Fig. 1-3, the wideband light source in system issues
Light enter coupler by isolator, and then inject FBG sensor, under the physical change effect of extraneous monitored variable,
The reflected light signal of FBG sensor shifts, and reflected light signal enters tunable optical fiber FP filter by coupler, adjustable
Humorous optical fiber FP filter carries out the long modulation of chamber to the optical signal of reflected FBG sensor under the action of driving voltage.When
When the wavelength of FBG sensor reflected light is consistent with the transmitted light wavelength of tunable optical fiber FP filter, that is, it may detect maximum light
By force, photodetection converts optical signals to electric signal, and electric signal is extracted and maximum by the algorithm process of signal processing module
The corresponding tunable optical fiber FP filter driving voltage of peak value, due to driving voltage and transmitted light wavelength near-linear dependency
Reflected light wavelength is obtained, to obtain reflected light signal offset, gets the information of monitored variable.
The Cascade algorithms principles and methods that peak-seeking algorithm and adaptive-filtering innovatory algorithm of the present invention combine are such as
Under: since the transducing signal of FBG sensor is the peak wavelength of reflectance spectrum, it is based on LM (Levenberg-Marquardt, LM)
Algorithm fitting is the optimization to general Gauss curve fitting method, realizes convergence by adaptively adjusting damping factor, is carrying out FBG spectrum
Metastable peak wavelength demodulation result can be obtained in signal fitting optimization process.The selected adaptive-filtering of this system changes
It is the extension based on Kalman filtering algorithm into algorithm, uses best estimate substitution measured value as the output of demodulating system, it can
The influence for reducing measurement error, improves the demodulation accuracy of system, meanwhile, adaptive-filtering innovatory algorithm requires its measurement error mould
Type is zero mean Gaussian white noise, because system includes optical path and circuit structure, error model is usually Non-zero Mean.It is right
This, adaptive-filtering innovatory algorithm includes Preprocessing Algorithm and adaptive filter algorithm in the present invention, mean value is replaced with desired value,
In the cyclic process each time of adaptive-filtering innovatory algorithm, measurement result is subtracted what error desired value was inputted as algorithm
Current measurement value, in this way, measured value its error model during algorithm iteration meets the condition of zero mean Gaussian white noise, root
According to this basic thought, the optimum estimation value of wavelength value is obtained by handling a series of optical wavelength values of information with error,
The demodulation accuracy of raising system.
In the present embodiment, with reference to Fig. 1-3, a kind of FBG Fibre Optical Sensor demodulating system towards marine environmental monitoring, specifically
Include:
Sensing subsystem 01, including signal input sources 11 and sensing module 12, wherein signal input sources 11
For light signal needed for generation system, light signal is through transmission fiber entering signal sensing module 12, sensing module
12, which are acquired and obtained monitored variable by FBG sensing element, influences the reflected light signal generated.
Signal solution sub-system 02, including demodulation techniques module 21 and signal processing module 22, wherein demodulation techniques mould
Block 21 is used to receive and demodulate the reflected light signal that the sensing module 12 exports, the optical signal transmissive after exporting demodulation,
And the optical signal transmissive is converted into electric signal by photodetection, signal processing module 22 exports demodulation techniques module 21
Electric signal be acquired, and by peak-seeking algorithm and the cascade signal processing algorithm of adaptive-filtering innovatory algorithm, solved
The information of variable is monitored after tune.
As shown in figure 3, demodulation techniques module 21 includes tunable optical fiber FP filter, for receiving and filtering the signal
The reflected light signal that sensing module 12 exports, tunable optical fiber FP filter output, include specific central wavelength information
Optical signal transmissive, then electric signal is converted to by photodetection.
Demodulation techniques module 21 further includes driving circuit, and for generating sawtooth voltage, loop cycle modulation is described adjustable
The chamber of humorous optical fiber FP filter away from.
In the present embodiment, the adaptive-filtering innovatory algorithm in the signal processing module is calculated based on Kalman filtering
The extension of method uses best estimate to substitute measured value as signal solution under the premise of error model is zero mean Gaussian white noise
The output of sub-system is monitored the information of variable after being demodulated.
Referring to fig. 4, peak-seeking algorithm uses the Peak Fitting Algorithm based on LM, by the electric signal and transmitted light after demodulation
Signal is fitted optimization, obtains the first peak value wavelength signals Yk, and as in adaptive-filtering innovatory algorithm input signal
Current measurement value；The first peak value wavelength signals YkIn include Non-zero Mean white Gaussian noise signal, be expressed as
Yk=HkXk+dk+sk (1)
Wherein, for one group of data of kth time sampling, YkIt is current measurement value, XkIt is FBG Fibre Optical Sensor demodulating system institute
The variable of monitoring, HkRepresent the relationship between monitored variable and measured value, dkIt is the DC component measured in noise signal
Value, skIt is zero mean Gaussian white noise signal.
Adaptive-filtering innovatory algorithm includes Preprocessing Algorithm, for eliminating the first peak value wavelength signals YkIn direct current point
Measure dk, specifically include: the n times sampled data before taking kth time sampling, customized threshold value, not up to before threshold value, n is past institute
Some measured values, after reaching threshold value, n takes threshold value, and sliding window average calculating operation is done to it, and wherein window size is n；Measurement is obtained to make an uproar
The Estimation of Mean d of soundkFor
Wherein,What is indicated is the variable best estimate that the i-th moment FBG Fibre Optical Sensor demodulating system is monitored,
It is the peak wavelength signal that the i-th time-ofday signals solution sub-system demodulates；It enablesZkIt is improved as adaptive-filtering
The measured value of algorithm, then Zk=HkXk+sk。
In the present embodiment, as shown in figure 4, the demodulated signal by peak-seeking algorithm carries out at adaptive-filtering innovatory algorithm
When reason, Preprocessing Algorithm is first passed around, then kalman gain is updated by adaptive filter algorithm, so that it is current to obtain variable
Best estimate, the subsequent current best estimate is input in Preprocessing Algorithm again, for correcting current measurement value,
The predictive estimation of next round is carried out as the input of iterative estimate simultaneously；It is corrected, is obtained optimal by iterative feedback and estimated value
Demodulation output as a result, obtaining the information of monitored variable.
In the present embodiment, the variable that the FBG Fibre Optical Sensor demodulating system towards marine environmental monitoring can monitor includes
Temperature, strain or displacement, but it is not limited to above-mentioned variable.
In this embodiment, signal solution sub-system 02 further includes memory and processor, wherein memory, for storing
Program；Processor, for the program by executing the memory storage to realize the algorithm above.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that all or part of function of various methods can pass through in above embodiment
The mode of hardware is realized, can also be realized by way of computer program.When function all or part of in above embodiment
When being realized by way of computer program, which be can be stored in a computer readable storage medium, and storage medium can
To include: read-only memory, random access memory, disk, CD, hard disk etc., it is above-mentioned to realize which is executed by computer
Function.For example, program is stored in the memory of equipment, when executing program in memory by processor, can be realized
State all or part of function.In addition, when function all or part of in above embodiment is realized by way of computer program
When, which also can store in storage mediums such as server, another computer, disk, CD, flash disk or mobile hard disks
In, through downloading or copying and saving into the memory of local device, or version updating is carried out to the system of local device, when logical
When crossing the program in processor execution memory, all or part of function in above embodiment can be realized.
Use above specific case is illustrated the present invention, is merely used to help understand the present invention, not to limit
The system present invention.For those skilled in the art, according to the thought of the present invention, can also make several simple
It deduces, deform or replaces.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of FBG Fibre Optical Sensor demodulating system towards marine environmental monitoring, characterized by comprising:
Sensing subsystem, including signal input sources and sensing module, wherein signal input sources are used for generation system
Required light signal, light signal pass through FBG sensing element through transmission fiber entering signal sensing module, sensing module
Acquisition and acquisition are monitored the reflected light signal that variable is influenced and generated；
Signal solution sub-system, including demodulation techniques module and signal processing module, wherein demodulation techniques module is for receiving
With the reflected light signal for demodulating sensing module output, optical signal transmissive after output demodulation, and by the transmitted light
Signal is converted to electric signal, and the electric signal that signal processing module exports demodulation techniques module is acquired, and is calculated by peak-seeking
Method and the cascade signal processing algorithm of adaptive-filtering innovatory algorithm are monitored the information of variable after being demodulated.
2. the system as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that the demodulation techniques module includes tunable fiber FP filtering
Device, for receiving and filtering the reflected light signal of the sensing module output, the tunable optical fiber FP filter output
, optical signal transmissive comprising specific central wavelength information, then electric signal is converted to by photodetection.
3. system as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that the demodulation techniques module further includes driving circuit, for producing
Raw sawtooth voltage, loop cycle modulate the chamber of the tunable optical fiber FP filter away from.
4. the system as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that the adaptive-filtering innovatory algorithm in the signal processing module
It is the extension based on Kalman filtering algorithm, under the premise of error model is zero mean Gaussian white noise, is replaced with best estimate
Output for measured value as signal solution sub-system is monitored the information of variable after being demodulated.
5. system as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that the peak-seeking algorithm uses the Peak Fitting Algorithm based on LM,
By to after demodulation electric signal and optical signal transmissive be fitted optimization, obtain the first peak value wavelength signals Yk, and as certainly
Current measurement value in adaptive filtering innovatory algorithm input signal；The first peak value wavelength signals YkIn it is high comprising Non-zero Mean
This white noise signal, is expressed as
Yk=HkXk+dk+sk (1)
Wherein, for one group of data of kth time sampling, YkIt is current measurement value, XkIt is that FBG Fibre Optical Sensor demodulating system is monitored
Variable, HkRepresent the relationship between monitored variable and measured value, dkIt is the direct current component value measured in noise signal, sk
It is zero mean Gaussian white noise signal.
6. system as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that the adaptive-filtering innovatory algorithm includes Preprocessing Algorithm,
For eliminating the first peak value wavelength signals YkIn DC component dk, it specifically includes: the n times sampled data before taking kth time sampling,
Customized threshold value, not up to before threshold value, n is measured value all in the past, and after reaching threshold value, n takes threshold value, and it is flat that sliding window is done to it
Equal operation, wherein window size is n；Obtain the Estimation of Mean of measurement noiseFor
Wherein,What is indicated is the variable best estimate that the i-th moment FBG Fibre Optical Sensor demodulating system is monitored,It is i-th
The peak wavelength signal that time-ofday signals solution sub-system demodulates；It enablesZkAs adaptive-filtering innovatory algorithm
Measured value, then Zk=HkXk+sk。
7. system as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that the demodulated signal by peak-seeking algorithm is adaptively filtered
When the processing of wave innovatory algorithm, Preprocessing Algorithm is first passed around, then pass through adaptive filter algorithm, so that it is current to obtain variable
Best estimate, the subsequent current best estimate are input in Preprocessing Algorithm again, for correcting current measurement value, together
The input of Shi Zuowei iterative estimate carries out the predictive estimation of next round；It is corrected by iterative feedback and estimated value, it is defeated to obtain demodulation
Out as a result, obtaining the information of monitored variable.
8. the system as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that the monitored variable includes temperature, strain or displacement.
9. the system as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that the signal solution sub-system further includes memory and processing
Device, wherein memory, for storing program；Processor, for the program by executing the memory storage to realize such as power
Benefit requires algorithm described in any one of 4-7.
10. a kind of computer readable storage medium, which is characterized in that including program, described program can be executed by processor with
Realize the algorithm as described in any one of claim 4-7.
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| CN113358239A (en) * | 2021-05-24 | 2021-09-07 | 长春工业大学 | FBG-based wavelength feature identification method |
| CN113933220A (en) * | 2021-09-16 | 2022-01-14 | 华中科技大学 | Optical fiber pipeline sand grain characteristic information monitoring method and system |
| CN115824450A (en) * | 2022-11-18 | 2023-03-21 | 湖南万维智感科技有限公司 | Optical fiber CTD autonomous demodulation support system |
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