CN109505919B - Numerical control intelligent fault diagnosis control device - Google Patents

Numerical control intelligent fault diagnosis control device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109505919B
CN109505919B CN201910016018.3A CN201910016018A CN109505919B CN 109505919 B CN109505919 B CN 109505919B CN 201910016018 A CN201910016018 A CN 201910016018A CN 109505919 B CN109505919 B CN 109505919B
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China
Prior art keywords
main shaft
shaft
turntable
axis
sleeve
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CN201910016018.3A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN109505919A (en
Inventor
郑喜贵
张莉
沈华刚
宋海涛
潘爱琼
陈林林
胡小静
方育萍
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Zhengzhou University of Science and Technology
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Zhengzhou University of Science and Technology
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Publication of CN109505919A publication Critical patent/CN109505919A/en
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/10Suppression of vibrations in rotating systems by making use of members moving with the system
    • F16F15/12Suppression of vibrations in rotating systems by making use of members moving with the system using elastic members or friction-damping members, e.g. between a rotating shaft and a gyratory mass mounted thereon
    • F16F15/129Suppression of vibrations in rotating systems by making use of members moving with the system using elastic members or friction-damping members, e.g. between a rotating shaft and a gyratory mass mounted thereon characterised by friction-damping means

Abstract

The invention relates to a numerical control intelligent fault diagnosis control device, which comprises a shaft shell and a main shaft, wherein the main shaft is arranged on the shaft shell through a bearing, the main shaft is sleeved with a shaft sleeve through a spline, the shaft shell is provided with a turntable which is coaxial with the main shaft and sleeved on the periphery of the shaft sleeve, and the turntable and the shaft shell are arranged on a spherical surface on the axis of the main shaft along the spherical center in a sliding manner; the rotary table is hinged with the shaft sleeve in a universal way; when the main shaft rotates, the shaft sleeve rotates along with the main shaft and drives the turntable to rotate; when the main shaft vibrates, the shaft sleeve moves along with the main shaft simultaneously and drives the rotary disc to slide along the spherical surface, so that an included angle is formed between the rotary axis of the rotary disc and the rotary axis of the main shaft; the invention can realize real-time inhibition of the main shaft vibration through the angular momentum when the turntable rotates without stopping the machine, thereby effectively reducing the influence of the main shaft vibration on the processing precision.

Description

Numerical control intelligent fault diagnosis control device
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of numerical control intelligent control, in particular to a numerical control intelligent fault diagnosis control device.
Background
In recent years, with the application and the increasing popularization of numerical control machine tools in the metal processing industry, the processing stability and the high precision of machine tool equipment are more and more emphasized, wherein the main shaft factor accounts for a larger number of factors influencing the processing stability and the processing precision of the machine tool; the rotating speed of a main shaft required in high-speed processing is generally higher than 10000 rpm, vibration caused by unbalance during rotation of the main shaft at the high rotating speed becomes an important factor influencing processing precision, and even if the main shaft of the machine tool is extremely high in precision and well balanced, the original balanced state can be damaged by various reasons such as design, manufacture, workpiece clamping, abrasion, load impact and the like; once the main shaft is unbalanced or vibrated, the machining precision is influenced, and the mechanical parts in the equipment are extremely easy to be seriously damaged, so that the equipment cannot normally run, and the production cost of an enterprise is increased.
In order to eliminate the vibration of the main shaft and unbalance caused by the vibration, the current common method is an off-line dynamic balance method, but the method needs to be started and shut down for a plurality of times to accurately debug the equipment in the balance debugging process of the high-speed main shaft, and the main shaft needs to be disassembled and put on a specific balancing machine to perform balance debugging under some conditions, so that the balancing efficiency is extremely low due to the complicated balancing process, the vibration of the main shaft cannot be timely inhibited or eliminated in the operation process of the main shaft, the debugging precision cannot reach the expectation, and the balancing method obviously cannot meet the high efficiency and the continuity required by modern production.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the technical defects in the prior art, the invention provides a numerical control intelligent fault diagnosis control device to solve the problem that the vibration of a main shaft is inhibited and eliminated in time in the prior art.
The technical scheme for solving the problem is as follows: the spindle is mounted on the spindle housing through a bearing, the spindle is sleeved with a spindle sleeve through a spline, a turntable which is coaxial with the spindle and sleeved on the periphery of the spindle sleeve is arranged on the spindle housing, and the turntable and the spindle housing are arranged on a spherical surface on the axis of the spindle along the center of a sphere and are in sliding connection; the turntable is hinged with the shaft sleeve in a universal manner, so that the rotating axis of the turntable and the rotating axis of the main shaft can deviate, and the power transmission between the main shaft and the turntable is not influenced; the effect achieved by the synchronous rotation and the axial deviation of the rotating disc is that: when the main shaft rotates, the shaft sleeve rotates along with the main shaft and drives the turntable to rotate through the universal hinge part; when the main shaft generates radial displacement, the shaft sleeve moves along with the main shaft simultaneously and drives the rotary table to slide along the spherical surface through the universal hinge part, so that an included angle is generated between the rotary axis of the rotary table and the rotary axis of the main shaft, and the radial displacement of the main shaft is resisted and inhibited by utilizing the angular momentum generated when the rotary table rotates.
The invention has the advantages of ingenious structure and convenient and fast operation, can realize real-time resistance and inhibition on the vibration of the main shaft in any radial direction through the angular momentum when the turntable rotates without the aid of external force or other media, ensures that the main shaft is in a stable dynamic balance state, does not need to be stopped and debugged in the inhibition process, effectively reduces the influence of the main shaft vibration on the processing precision, and simultaneously reduces the adverse effect of the stop operation on the normal production.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a front sectional view of embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a sectional view a-a of example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is an axial sectional view of example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a perspective sectional view of embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view showing axial displacement of the turntable when the spindle vibrates according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a front sectional view of embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a perspective sectional view of embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a front sectional view of embodiment 3 of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a perspective sectional view of embodiment 3 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 to 9, the present invention includes a shaft housing 1 and a spindle 2, the spindle 2 is mounted on the shaft housing 1 through a bearing 3, the spindle 2 is sleeved with a shaft sleeve 5 through a spline 4, the shaft housing 1 is provided with a turntable 6 coaxial with the spindle 2 and sleeved on the periphery of the shaft sleeve 5, and the turntable 6 is slidably connected with a spherical surface 7 of the shaft housing 1 along the center of sphere on the axis of the shaft housing 1; the rotary table 6 is hinged with the shaft sleeve 5 in a universal way, so that the rotation axis of the rotary table 6 and the rotation axis of the main shaft 2 can generate angular deviation, and the power transmission between the main shaft 2 and the rotary table 6 is not influenced; the effect achieved by the synchronous rotation and axial offset of the rotating disk 6 is: when the main shaft 2 rotates, the shaft sleeve 5 rotates along with the main shaft 2 and drives the turntable 6 to rotate through the universal hinge part; when the spindle 2 generates radial displacement, the shaft sleeve 5 moves along with the spindle 2 at the same time and drives the rotary table 6 to slide along the spherical surface 7 through the universal hinge part, so that an included angle is generated between the rotation axis of the rotary table 6 and the rotation axis of the spindle 2, and further, the radial displacement of the spindle 2 is resisted and inhibited by utilizing the angular momentum generated when the rotary table 6 rotates.
As embodiment 1, the shaft sleeve 5 and the main shaft 2 are axially slidably connected through a spline 4, a universal joint 8 is sleeved on the periphery of the main shaft 2, and the shaft sleeve 5 and the turntable 6 are hinged through the universal joint 8, so that the turntable 6 and the main shaft 2 can synchronously rotate and can axially shift the turntable 6.
As embodiment 2, the shaft sleeve 5 is of a spherical structure, the spherical center of the shaft sleeve 5 is disposed on the axis of the main shaft 2, the spherical center of the spherical surface 7 does not coincide with the spherical center of the shaft sleeve 5, the outer edge of the shaft sleeve 5 is provided with a plurality of spline grooves 9 formed along the axis direction of the main shaft 2, the plurality of spline grooves 9 are circumferentially distributed along the axis of the main shaft 2, and the bottom surfaces of the spline grooves 9 are spherical surfaces concentrically disposed with the shaft sleeve 5; the rotary table 6 is provided with a plurality of conical keys 10 which are radially arranged along the rotation axis of the rotary table 6, the conical keys 10 correspond to the spline grooves 9 one by one, the conical keys 10 are arranged in the spline grooves 9 and are contacted with the bottom surfaces of the spline grooves 9, and the conical keys 10 are in clearance fit with two side surfaces of the spline grooves 9; when the main shaft 2 rotates, the shaft sleeve 5 rotates along with the main shaft 2 and drives the turntable 6 to rotate through the spline groove 9 and the conical key 10; when the spindle 2 generates radial displacement, the shaft sleeve 5 moves along with the spindle 2 and drives the turntable 6 to slide along the spherical surface 7 through the spline groove 9 and the taper key 10, so that an included angle is generated between the rotation axis of the turntable 6 and the rotation axis of the spindle 2, meanwhile, deflection is generated between the shaft sleeve 5 and the turntable 6, so that sliding is generated between the taper key 10 and the bottom surface of the spline groove 9, a fit clearance between the taper key 10 and the spline groove 9 is used for compensating a distance difference caused by position offset between the taper key 10 and the spline groove 9, extrusion interference between the taper key 10 and the side surface of the spline groove 9 is avoided, and reliable realization of the sliding of the turntable 6 along the spherical surface 7 is ensured.
As embodiment 3, the shaft sleeve 5 is a spherical structure, the spherical center of the shaft sleeve 5 is arranged on the axis of the main shaft 2, the spherical center of the spherical surface 7 is not overlapped with the spherical center of the shaft sleeve 5, and the shaft sleeve 5 is axially connected with the main shaft 2 in a sliding manner through the spline 4; the outer edge of the shaft sleeve 5 is provided with a plurality of ball chutes 11 which are arranged along the arc line in the left-right direction on the spherical surface of the shaft sleeve 5, the plurality of ball chutes 11 are distributed along the circumference of the axis of the shaft sleeve 5, the turntable 6 is provided with inner ring chutes 12 which are in one-to-one correspondence with the ball chutes 11, and balls 13 are arranged between the ball chutes 11 and the inner ring chutes 12; when the main shaft 2 rotates, the shaft sleeve 5 rotates along with the main shaft 2 and drives the rotary table 6 to rotate through the balls 13; when the main shaft 2 generates radial displacement, the shaft sleeve 5 moves along with the main shaft 2 and drives the rotary table 6 to slide along the spherical surface 7 through the balls 13, so that an included angle is generated between the rotation axis of the rotary table 6 and the rotation axis of the main shaft 2, meanwhile, the shaft sleeve 5 and the rotary table 6 deflect to generate angle deflection between the ball sliding grooves 11 and the inner ring sliding grooves 12 which correspond to each other, so that the balls 13 are stressed and extruded, and further, the balls 13 roll to the intersection between the ball sliding grooves 11 and the inner ring sliding grooves 12, so that the smooth and unimpeded sliding of the rotary table 6 along the spherical surface 7 is ensured.
Preferably, the balls 13 in embodiment 3 are connected with each other through a retractable retainer 14 to ensure the position stability of the balls 13, the retainer 14 is formed by sequentially hinging a plurality of ball rings 1401, which are distributed along the circumference of the rotation axis of the rotating disc 6, through a retractable rod 1402, and the hinge axes of the ball rings 1401 and the retractable rod 1402 are parallel to the rotation axis of the rotating disc 6.
Preferably, the rotating disc 6 is provided with a plurality of cavities 15 distributed along the circumference of the rotating axis of the rotating disc 6 and a plurality of liquid injection holes 16 corresponding to the cavities 15 one by one, the shaft housing 1 is provided with a liquid guide groove 17 corresponding to any one of the liquid injection holes 16, the shaft housing 1 is provided with a nozzle 18, the spraying end of the nozzle 18 is arranged in the liquid guide groove 17, and the suction end of the nozzle 18 is connected into a liquid container through a conduit 19; the device is used as a vibration suppression auxiliary device, has the same technical principle as the injection and drainage type spindle dynamic balance technology in the prior art, and is characterized in that the vibration of the spindle 2 is subjected to signal acquisition through a vibration sensor, the direction and the amplitude of the vibration are calculated through a control chip, and then the liquid spraying time and the liquid spraying amount of the nozzle 18 are automatically controlled, so that the mass center of the spindle 2 can be changed, and the spindle 2 is enabled to recover the dynamic balance state; by utilizing the arrangement and the matching of the turntable 6 in the invention, more ideal vibration suppression and elimination effects can be achieved.
The invention is particularly suitable for a vertical shaft machine tool, namely a machine tool with a vertically arranged main shaft 2, when the main shaft 2 does not vibrate, a rotating disc 6 rotates along with the main shaft 2 without hindering the normal operation of the main shaft 2, when the main shaft 2 vibrates, referring to figure 5, the main shaft 2 generates a radial offset d, the rotating disc 6 slides on a spherical surface 7 under the action of a radial force, an angle α is generated between the rotating axis of the rotating disc 6 and the axis of the main shaft 1 parallel to the axis of the shaft housing 1 because the spherical center of the spherical surface 7 is arranged on the axis of the shaft housing 1, so that the offset center of the rotating disc 6, namely the spherical center of the spherical surface 7 is kept motionless when the main shaft 2 vibrates, an angle α is generated between the rotating axis of the rotating disc 6 and the axis of the main shaft 2 parallel to the axis of the shaft housing 1, meanwhile, because the rotating disc 6 and the main shaft 2 always keep the same high-speed rotation, the rotating disc 6 is substantially equivalent to a swinging gyro, a larger angular momentum can be generated under the action of the self-rotation inertia effect under the action of the rotation inertia thereof, the radial momentum can be kept to the main shaft 2, the radial-direction of the rotating disc 6 can be kept stable, and the main shaft can be in the action of the main shaft 2, so that the main shaft can be kept in the radial-axis vibration, the radial-direction of the main shaft vibration, the main shaft vibration can be stably acted, and the gyro can be kept.
When the invention is used for a machine tool with the main shaft 2 arranged horizontally, the turntable 6 is substantially equivalent to a gyro revolving body, and the gravity center of the turntable is not coincident with the fulcrum, namely the spherical center of the spherical surface 7, so that the turntable 6 can generate a precession effect under the action of the gravity moment of the turntable 6 when rotating at a high speed, thereby generating a certain lateral pressure on the main shaft 2 and being not beneficial to keeping the dynamic balance of the main shaft 2; in this state, the relative position between the center of gravity of the turntable 6 and the center of the spherical surface 7 should be changed or a counterweight should be added to the turntable 6 to counteract or reduce this negative effect.
Because the turntable 6 is in universal hinge joint with the spindle 2, the vibration of the spindle 2 in any radial direction can cause the turntable 6 to generate corresponding axial deflection in real time, so that the vibration of the spindle 2 in any radial direction can be resisted and inhibited in real time, the spindle 2 is ensured to be in a stable dynamic balance state, and the machining precision of a machine tool is ensured.
As for the degree of resistance and suppression of the turntable 6 to the vibration of the spindle 2, depending on the magnitude of the angular momentum of the turntable 6, the greater the angular momentum, the more significant the degree of resistance and suppression; whereas the magnitude of the angular momentum of the turntable 6 depends on: a) the larger the self mass of the turntable 6 is, the larger the angular momentum is correspondingly; b) the larger the self rotation radius of the turntable 6 is, the larger the angular momentum is correspondingly; c) the higher the self rotating speed of the turntable 6 is, the larger the angular momentum is correspondingly; at the same time, the degree of resistance and suppression of the turntable 6 to the vibrations of the spindle 2 also depends on the axial offset angle of the turntable 6, the greater the angle, the more pronounced the degree of resistance and suppression, while the axial offset angle of the turntable 6 depends on the radius of the spherical surface 7: the larger the radius of the spherical surface 7 is, the smaller the axial offset angle of the turntable 6 in the same radial displacement state of the spindle 2 is, the smaller the radius of the spherical surface 7 is, and the larger the axial offset angle of the turntable 6 in the same radial displacement state of the spindle 2 is; therefore, according to the rotating speed of the machine tool in actual use, the mass or radius of the turntable 6 is properly changed, and an ideal vibration suppression effect can be obtained; the liquid injection cavity 15 in the invention can be used for changing the mass center position of the main shaft 2 as described above, and can also be used as one of means for changing the mass of the turntable 6, so that the angular momentum of the turntable 6 can be adjusted, the power consumption of the turntable 6 on the main shaft 2 can be reduced in a liquid emptying mode when the main shaft 2 rotates at a low speed, and the high torque requirement when the main shaft 2 rotates at a low speed can be ensured.
In addition, in order to achieve a better using effect and further reduce energy waste, a clutch device can be additionally arranged to realize power transmission and disconnection between the main shaft 2 and the rotary table 6, so that the rotary table 6 is timely involved only when the main shaft 2 rotates at a high speed or the vibration of the main shaft 2 needs to be restrained, the vibration of the main shaft 2 can be timely controlled, and the torque requirement when the main shaft 2 rotates at a low speed can also be met.

Claims (6)

1. The numerical control intelligent fault diagnosis control device comprises a shaft shell (1) and a main shaft (2), wherein the main shaft (2) is arranged on the shaft shell (1) through a bearing (3), and is characterized in that the main shaft (2) is sleeved with a shaft sleeve (5) through a spline (4), the shaft shell (1) is provided with a turntable (6) which is coaxial with the main shaft (2) and is sleeved on the periphery of the shaft sleeve (5), and the turntable (6) and the shaft shell (1) are arranged on a spherical surface (7) on the axis of the shaft shell (1) along the spherical center in a sliding connection mode; the rotary table (6) is hinged with the shaft sleeve (5) in a universal mode, so that the axis of the rotary table (6) and the axis of the main shaft (2) can deviate, and meanwhile, the power transmission between the main shaft (2) and the rotary table (6) is not influenced.
2. The numerical control intelligent fault diagnosis control device according to claim 1, characterized in that the shaft sleeve (5) is slidably connected with the main shaft (2) through a spline (4), a universal joint (8) is sleeved on the periphery of the main shaft (2), and the shaft sleeve (5) is hinged with the rotary table (6) through the universal joint (8), so that the rotary table (6) and the main shaft (2) can synchronously rotate and the axis of the rotary table (6) can deviate.
3. The numerical control intelligent fault diagnosis control device according to claim 1, characterized in that the shaft sleeve (5) is of a spherical structure, a plurality of spline grooves (9) are formed in the outer edge of the shaft sleeve (5) along the axial direction of the main shaft (2), the spline grooves (9) are circumferentially distributed along the axial direction of the main shaft (2), and the bottom surfaces of the spline grooves (9) are spherical surfaces concentrically arranged with the shaft sleeve (5); the rotary table (6) is provided with a plurality of conical keys (10) which are radially arranged along the axis of the rotary table (6), the conical keys (10) are in one-to-one correspondence with the spline grooves (9), and the conical keys (10) are arranged in the spline grooves (9) and are in clearance fit with the spline grooves (9).
4. The numerical control intelligent fault diagnosis control device according to claim 1, characterized in that the shaft sleeve (5) is a sphere structure, and the shaft sleeve (5) is slidably connected with the main shaft (2) through a spline (4); the outer fringe of axle sleeve (5) have along axle sleeve (5) left and right sides a plurality of ball spout (11) that the pitch arc was seted up, a plurality of ball spout (11) distribute along the axis circumference of axle sleeve (5), have on carousel (6) inner ring spout (12) with ball spout (11) one-to-one, have ball (13) between ball spout (11) and inner ring spout (12).
5. The numerical control intelligent fault diagnosis control device according to claim 4, characterized in that a plurality of balls (13) are connected through a retainer (14), the retainer (14) is formed by a plurality of ball rings (1401) distributed along the circumference of the axis of the rotating disc (6) and hinged through a telescopic rod (1402) in sequence, and the hinged axes of the ball rings (1401) and the telescopic rod (1402) are parallel to the axis of the rotating disc (6).
6. The numerical control intelligent fault diagnosis control device according to claim 1, characterized in that the turntable (6) is provided with a plurality of cavities (15) distributed along the circumference of the axis of the turntable (6) and a plurality of liquid injection holes (16) corresponding to the cavities (15) one by one, the shaft housing (1) is provided with a liquid guide groove (17) corresponding to any one of the liquid injection holes (16), the shaft housing (1) is provided with a nozzle (18), and the ejection end of the nozzle (18) is arranged in the liquid guide groove (17).
CN201910016018.3A 2019-01-08 2019-01-08 Numerical control intelligent fault diagnosis control device Active CN109505919B (en)

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CN201910016018.3A CN109505919B (en) 2019-01-08 2019-01-08 Numerical control intelligent fault diagnosis control device

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CN109505919B true CN109505919B (en) 2020-06-30

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH576306A5 (en) * 1973-07-10 1976-06-15 Index Werke Kg Hahn & Tessky
CN1013354B (en) * 1988-03-18 1991-07-31 浙江大学 High-damp spindle device
JP3422186B2 (en) * 1995-11-24 2003-06-30 株式会社豊田自動織機 Variable capacity compressor
CN201275626Y (en) * 2008-09-27 2009-07-22 宝鸡忠诚机床股份有限公司 Vertical lathe main spindle box mounting structure
CN101629567B (en) * 2009-08-10 2013-04-03 陈双利 Gas-liquid mixing pump
CN202986677U (en) * 2012-12-07 2013-06-12 温州市冠盛汽车零部件集团股份有限公司 Semi-axis sliding driving shaft assembly with fixed dust-proof sleeves
CN103174775B (en) * 2013-03-29 2015-04-08 沈阳万捷重工机械有限公司 Clutch coupling
CN104806650B (en) * 2014-03-18 2017-11-21 万向钱潮股份有限公司 A kind of fixing end constant velocity cardan joint

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