CN109505588A - Failure detection method for water injection valve of gravity flow water injection well - Google Patents
Failure detection method for water injection valve of gravity flow water injection well Download PDFInfo
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- CN109505588A CN109505588A CN201710831984.1A CN201710831984A CN109505588A CN 109505588 A CN109505588 A CN 109505588A CN 201710831984 A CN201710831984 A CN 201710831984A CN 109505588 A CN109505588 A CN 109505588A
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 191
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 164
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 164
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 235000020681 well water Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002349 well water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/06—Measuring temperature or pressure
- E21B47/07—Temperature
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
- E21B43/20—Displacing by water
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
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- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geophysics (AREA)
- Testing Of Devices, Machine Parts, Or Other Structures Thereof (AREA)
- Measuring Volume Flow (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a failure detection method for a water injection valve of a gravity flow water injection well. The invention provides a failure detection method of a self-flowing water injection well water injection valve, which comprises the following steps: closing a water injection valve of the self-flowing water injection well, and measuring a first temperature gradient value of fluid in the well bore within a set depth range from the water injection valve, wherein the temperature gradient value represents a ratio between a temperature change and a depth change of the fluid; and if the first temperature gradient value exceeds the normal temperature gradient range of the fluid in the shaft, determining that the water injection valve is invalid. The invention provides a failure detection method for a water injection valve of a self-flowing water injection well, which realizes the purpose of conveniently and quickly judging whether the water injection valve fails or not.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil field oil extraction engineering, in particular to a failure detection method for a water injection valve of a gravity flow water injection well.
Background
Self-flooding refers to a technique for producing water from one of the aquifers of an oil well and injecting it into another reservoir requiring additional formation pressure to maintain reservoir pressure. The artesian water injection technology is particularly suitable for the exploitation of oil fields in areas with imperfect injection and production well patterns, marginal oil reservoirs, deserts, seas and the like where fresh water resources are deficient. The self-flowing water injection technology is simple to operate, ground equipment is not needed, the underground pipe column is simple, water injection is quick, the method is an economic and effective oil reservoir energy supplementing mode, and the method is widely used as a replacing mode of conventional water injection.
A water injection valve (106) is provided to control the timing and flow rate of water injection from the aquifer into the reservoir. As shown in figure 1, when needed, a water injection valve (106) is opened, under the conditions that the conditions are proper and the pressure of the aquifer is high, a large amount of water is injected into the oil reservoir from the aquifer, and the bottom water lifts oil upwards through oil-water gravity separation, so that the yield of crude oil is improved. When the reservoir pressure reaches a preset target through water injection, a water injection valve (106) needs to be closed, and water injection is stopped. The water injection valve (106) also needs to be closed during the production of crude oil.
During the use process, the water filling valve (106) can be out of work due to various reasons, however, the prior art cannot judge whether the water filling valve is out of work or not, and the problem can be solved only by means of regular replacement. If the replacement is too frequent, unnecessary cost is inevitably increased greatly; if not in time changing, probably because water injection valve (106) became invalid and lead to the seepage for the crude oil moisture content of exploitation is higher, increases the later stage separation cost. Therefore, a convenient and fast method for determining whether the water filling valve (106) is out of order is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a failure detection method for a water injection valve of a gravity flow water injection well, which aims to solve the problem that whether the water injection valve fails or not cannot be judged in the prior art.
The invention provides a failure detection method for a water injection valve of a gravity flow water injection well, which comprises the following steps:
closing a water injection valve of the self-flowing water injection well, and measuring a first temperature gradient value of fluid in the well bore within a set depth range from the water injection valve, wherein the temperature gradient value represents a ratio between a temperature change and a depth change of the fluid;
and if the first temperature gradient value exceeds the normal temperature gradient range of the fluid in the shaft, determining that the water injection valve is invalid.
Optionally, if the first temperature gradient value is within the normal temperature gradient range, determining that the water injection valve is valid.
Further, the method further comprises:
opening a water injection valve of the gravity flow water injection well, and measuring a second temperature gradient value of the fluid in the shaft within a set depth range from the water injection valve, wherein the temperature gradient value represents a ratio between a temperature change and a depth change of the fluid;
and if the second temperature gradient value is within the normal temperature gradient range, determining that the water injection valve is invalid.
Optionally, if the second temperature gradient value exceeds the normal temperature gradient range, determining that the water injection valve is effective.
Further, in some alternative embodiments, a first temperature gradient value of the fluid in the wellbore within a set depth range above the water injection valve is measured; or,
a first temperature gradient value of the fluid within a set depth range above and within a set depth range below the fill valve is measured.
Optionally, the first temperature gradient value includes temperature gradient values at a plurality of equally spaced depths within the set depth range.
Further, in some alternative embodiments, a second temperature gradient value of the fluid in the wellbore within a set depth range above the water injection valve is measured; or,
and measuring a second temperature gradient value of the fluid within a set depth range above and within a set depth range below the water injection valve.
Optionally, the second temperature gradient value includes temperature gradient values at a plurality of equally spaced depths within the set depth range.
The invention provides a failure detection method for a self-flowing water injection well water injection valve, which can conveniently and quickly judge whether the self-flowing water injection well water injection valve fails or not by measuring the temperature gradient value of fluid in a shaft within a set depth range from the water injection valve and comparing the temperature gradient value with the normal temperature gradient range of the fluid in the shaft. The method realizes the judgment of whether the water injection valve is invalid or not, and has the advantages of simple operation, low cost and high accuracy.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a gravity injection well;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of an embodiment of a method for detecting failure of a self-flowing water injection well water injection valve of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a flow chart of another embodiment of the method for detecting the failure of the gravity flow water injection valve of the gravity flow water injection well.
Description of reference numerals:
101: a steel wire;
102: an oil pipe;
103: a surface casing;
104: a technical sleeve;
105: a testing device;
106: a water injection valve;
107: perforating;
108: a packer;
109: a reservoir.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Hereinafter, some terms in the present invention will be explained to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art.
1) Self-flooding refers to a technique in which water from at least one aquifer of an oil well is injected into another reservoir requiring additional formation pressure to maintain reservoir pressure. In order to control the timing and amount of water injection, the water injection valve is required to open and close the water injection valve.
2) The temperature gradient is a phenomenon that the temperature of air, water or soil changes with the height of land or the depth of water and soil in nature and gradually increases or decreases. The temperature gradient in this application refers to the ratio between the temperature change value and the depth change value of the fluid in the wellbore, and the unit of the temperature gradient value in this application is ℃/100 meters. For example, the temperature of the fluid measured at a well depth of 3000 m is 76 ℃, the temperature of the fluid measured at a well depth of 3300 m is 82 ℃, and the temperature gradient at a well depth of 3300 m is recorded as 2 ℃/100 m.
3) "plurality" means two or more.
4) "first" and "second" in this application are used merely for identification and are not to be understood as indicating or implying a sequential relationship, relative importance, or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated.
5) Reference throughout this specification to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present application. Thus, the appearances of the phrases "in one embodiment" or "in an embodiment" in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a gravity injection well. As shown in fig. 1, during the production of crude oil, the crude oil is conveyed through tubing (102) to the surface, and as production progresses, the reservoir pressure in the reservoir (109) gradually decreases, which may result in a reduction in the production capacity of the field. At this time, the reservoir (109) needs to be pressurized by injecting water into the reservoir, and since the density of oil is lower than that of water, the oil layer is located above the water layer, and the water in the lower layer lifts up the oil by oil-water gravity separation, thereby increasing the crude oil yield. In some areas with deficient water resources, the gravity flow water injection technology is suitable for water injection to replace oil.
Wells are typically drilled through at least one aquifer and one reservoir, and gravity injection injects water from at least one of the aquifers into another reservoir requiring additional formation pressure. As shown in fig. 1, the surface casing (103) is positioned outside the technical casing (104), a perforation hole (107) is arranged at a position corresponding to a water layer of the technical casing (104), water of the water layer is introduced to a position above a packer (108), and when the reservoir (109) needs to be pressurized, a water injection valve (106) is opened for water injection; when the pressure is increased to the preset target pressure, the water injection valve (106) is closed, and water injection is stopped. It should be noted that the positions and the number of the perforations (107) in fig. 1 are only illustrative, and the specific positions and the number are not limited. In actual production, it is necessary to determine at which position a perforation (107) is specifically provided, to determine water collection from a plurality of aquifers, and the like, in consideration of the position of an aquifer, the water content of the aquifer, and the specific production environment.
In implementing the embodiment of the present application, a testing device (105) may be fixed at one end of the steel wire (101) as shown in fig. 1 to perform measurement, so as to obtain related data; or some temperature sensors are arranged on the inner wall of the oil pipe (102) to acquire relevant data.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of an embodiment of a method for detecting failure of a self-flowing water injection well water injection valve according to the present invention. As shown in fig. 2, the method of this embodiment may include:
step 201: closing a water injection valve of the self-flowing water injection well, and measuring a first temperature gradient value of fluid in the well bore within a set depth range from the water injection valve, wherein the temperature gradient value represents a ratio between a temperature change and a depth change of the fluid.
When the water injection valve works normally, after water injection is finished, and after the water injection valve of the gravity flow water injection well is closed, the temperature value of fluid in a shaft is gradually increased along with the increase of the depth; the fluid temperature gradient value decreases slowly with increasing depth. If the water injection valve is invalid, leakage can occur after closing, and the temperature value of the fluid near the water injection valve can be influenced when leaked water enters the shaft. The temperature value of the fluid near the water filling valve is reduced, and the temperature gradient value of the fluid is suddenly changed. Therefore, in the case where the water injection valve is closed, it is possible to judge whether or not the water injection valve is failed by observing the fluid temperature gradient value in the vicinity of the water injection valve.
The water injection valve for the gravity flow water injection well is a one-way valve, namely only liquid outside the well casing is allowed to flow into the well casing, and liquid in the well casing is not allowed to flow out. The opening and closing of the water filling valve can be controlled by the sliding sleeve.
The first temperature gradient value of the fluid in the wellbore may be measured in a variety of ways. For example: a storage type electronic thermometer can be fixed at one end of the steel wire rope and is placed near a water injection valve for fixed-point measurement; or, some temperature sensors can be arranged on the inner wall of the oil pipe to acquire temperature values in real time.
A first temperature gradient value of the fluid in the wellbore within a set depth range from the fill valve is measured with the fill valve closed. Specifically, in one implementation, a first temperature gradient value of the fluid within a set depth range above and within a set depth range below the fill valve is measured. The set depth range can be specifically set according to specific production environment, is not too large, because exceed certain range, along with going on of heat exchange, even if the water injection valve takes place the influence of seepage to temperature gradient value also can weaken.
A first temperature gradient value of the fluid within a depth range of 100 meters from the fill valve may be measured. When the temperature gradient value is measured, points can be taken at equal intervals, and the first temperature gradient value comprises temperature gradient values of a plurality of equal-interval depths in a set depth range. For example, if the water injection valve is 5500 meters deep, the fluid temperature can be measured within the range of 5450 meters to 5550 meters deep, and the set distance is 3 meters, the measurement is performed at the depths of … … 5491, 5494, 5497, 5500, 5503, 5506 and 5509 … ….
In the production process, if the water injection valve leaks, leaked water flows upwards along with crude oil, and the temperature gradient value above the water injection valve is influenced. At this point, a first temperature gradient value of the fluid in the wellbore over a set depth range above the fill valve may be measured.
Step 202: and if the first temperature gradient value exceeds the normal temperature gradient range of the fluid in the shaft, determining that the water injection valve is invalid.
Although the temperature may vary according to the season, the climate, etc., the temperature gradient value may be relatively stable. In this embodiment, the temperature in the wellbore may be measured over a depth range of 0 to 7000 meters, and the temperature gradient values may be calculated at various depths of 0 to 7000 meters. For example, after the water injection valve is installed for the first time, when the water injection valve is enabled, the temperature gradient values at various depths can be acquired as the normal temperature gradient range. On one hand, the temperature in the full range of the depth of 0 to 7000 meters is measured, but a certain depth range is not intercepted for measurement, so that on one hand, the error values caused by some factors of instruments or people are eliminated for comprehensive consideration, and the obtained normal temperature gradient range is accurate and reliable; another aspect is to obtain temperature gradient values at various depths from 0 to 7000 m depth so that when the water injection valve is at different depths, there is a normal temperature gradient range at the corresponding depth for comparison.
Under the condition that the water injection valve is closed, if the water injection valve leaks, the leaked water can influence the temperature gradient value of the fluid in the shaft. Therefore, under the condition that the water injection valve is closed, if the first temperature gradient value exceeds the normal temperature gradient range of the fluid in the shaft, the failure of the water injection valve can be determined; otherwise, if the first temperature gradient value is within the normal temperature gradient range, the water injection valve can be determined to be valid.
Table 1 is a table of relevant data obtained from measurements of fluid temperature, pressure and density in a wellbore by an oil and gas company during production. At this time, the water injection valve was in a closed state, and the water injection valve was located at a well depth of about 5600 meters. For ease of illustration, values in the depth range of 0 to 5780 meters are included in Table 1. As shown in table 1, the fluid temperature gradually increases with increasing depth, and the fluid temperature gradient slowly decreases. However, as shown by the bolded values in table 1, the fluid temperature gradient values are abnormal from about 5583 meters to about 5610 meters, which is beyond the normal temperature gradient range of the fluid in the wellbore. From this, it can be confirmed that the water injection valve is out of work, leakage occurs, and the water flow leaked into the shaft affects the temperature gradient value of the water injection valve in a certain depth range from top to bottom.
As shown in table 1, it is possible to accurately determine the failure of the water filling valve in time by the abnormal fluid temperature gradient value in a certain depth range above and below the water filling valve. And providing relevant information for the production process in time so as to take corresponding technical measures to solve the problem.
TABLE 1
This embodiment sets for the temperature gradient value of the fluid in the pit shaft of depth range apart from the water injection valve under the condition that the measurement water injection valve was closed to compare its normal temperature gradient scope with the fluid in this pit shaft, can convenient and fast to whether take place the seepage failure to water injection valve from flowing water injection well and judge. The method is simple to operate, low in cost and high in accuracy. The problem that the water content of produced oil is too high due to leakage caused by failure of a water injection valve in the production process can be effectively avoided.
Fig. 3 is a flow chart of another embodiment of the method for detecting the failure of the gravity flow water injection valve of the gravity flow water injection well. As shown in fig. 3, on the basis of the above embodiment, the method of this embodiment may further include:
step 301: opening a water injection valve of the gravity flow water injection well, and measuring a second temperature gradient value of the fluid in the wellbore within a set depth range from the water injection valve, wherein the temperature gradient value represents a ratio between a temperature change and a depth change of the fluid.
When the reservoir needs to be filled with water and increased, a water injection valve of the gravity flow water injection well needs to be opened for water injection. When the fill valve is active, a large amount of water is injected into the wellbore through the fill valve. The temperature value of the fluid near the water filling valve is reduced, and the temperature gradient value of the fluid is suddenly changed. Therefore, in the case where the water filling valve is opened, it is possible to determine whether the water filling valve is effective by observing whether a sudden change occurs in the fluid temperature gradient value in the vicinity of the water filling valve.
And measuring a second temperature gradient value of the fluid in the wellbore within a set depth range from the water injection valve with the water injection valve open. Specifically, a first temperature gradient value of the fluid within a set depth range above the water injection valve and within a set depth range below the water injection valve is measured, or a second temperature gradient value of the fluid within the wellbore within the set depth range below the water injection valve is measured. The set depth range may be specifically set according to a specific production environment.
A second temperature gradient value of the fluid within a depth range of 100 meters from the fill valve may be measured. When the temperature gradient value is measured, the points can be taken at equal intervals, and the second temperature gradient value comprises a plurality of temperature gradient values at equal intervals in a set depth range.
Step 302: and if the second temperature gradient value is within the normal temperature gradient range, determining that the water injection valve is invalid.
The normal temperature gradient range value can be obtained by the method of the above embodiment. When the water injection valve is opened for water injection, the injected water can affect the temperature gradient value of the fluid in the shaft. Therefore, under the condition that the water injection valve is opened, if the second temperature gradient value is within the normal temperature gradient range, the water injection valve can be determined to be invalid, and the water injection is failed; otherwise, if the second temperature gradient value exceeds the normal temperature gradient range, the water injection valve can be determined to be effective, and the water injection is successful.
Table 2 is a table of the relevant data obtained by the oil and gas company measuring the temperature, pressure and density of the fluid in the well bore during the gravity injection process by opening the injection valve. At this time, the water injection valve is in an open state, and the water injection valve is located at about 5600 meters deep in the well. For ease of illustration, values in the depth range of 0 to 5780 meters are included in Table 1. As shown in table 1, the fluid temperature gradually increases with increasing depth, and the fluid temperature gradient slowly decreases. However, as shown by the bolded values in Table 1, the fluid temperature gradient values are abnormal from about 5601 meters to about 5610 meters, beyond the normal temperature gradient range of the fluid in the wellbore. From this it can be confirmed that the water injection valve is effective, the water injection is successful, and the water flow injected into the wellbore influences the temperature gradient value in a certain depth range from top to bottom of the water injection valve.
TABLE 2
This embodiment sets for the temperature gradient value of the fluid in the pit shaft of the depth range with the water injection valve through measuring under the condition that the water injection valve was opened to compare its normal temperature gradient scope with the fluid in this pit shaft, can convenient and fast to open the water injection valve of artesian water injection well and successfully judge. The method is simple to operate, low in cost and high in accuracy. The problem of water injection failure caused by the failure of opening the water injection valve in the production process can be effectively avoided.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A failure detection method for a self-flowing water injection well water injection valve is characterized by comprising the following steps:
closing a water injection valve of a self-flowing water injection well, and measuring a first temperature gradient value of fluid in a well bore within a set depth range from the water injection valve, wherein the temperature gradient value represents a ratio between a fluid temperature change and a depth change;
and if the first temperature gradient value exceeds the normal temperature gradient range of the fluid in the shaft, determining that the water injection valve is invalid.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
and if the first temperature gradient value is within the normal temperature gradient range, determining that the water injection valve is effective.
3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
opening a water injection valve of the gravity flow water injection well, and measuring a second temperature gradient value of fluid in the well bore within a set depth range from the water injection valve, wherein the temperature gradient value represents a ratio between a fluid temperature change and a depth change;
and if the second temperature gradient value is within the normal temperature gradient range, determining that the water injection valve is invalid.
4. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
and if the second temperature gradient value exceeds the normal temperature gradient range, determining that the water injection valve is effective.
5. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein measuring a first temperature gradient value of a fluid in the wellbore within a set depth range from the water injection valve comprises:
measuring a first temperature gradient value of fluid within the wellbore within a set depth range above the water injection valve; or,
and measuring a first temperature gradient value of the fluid within a set depth range above and within a set depth range below the water injection valve.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the first temperature gradient values comprise temperature gradient values for a plurality of equally spaced depths within the set depth range.
7. The method of claim 3 or 4, wherein measuring a second temperature gradient value of the fluid in the wellbore within a set depth range from the water injection valve comprises:
measuring a second temperature gradient value of the fluid in the wellbore within a set depth range from below the water injection valve; or,
and measuring a second temperature gradient value of the fluid within a set depth range above and within a set depth range below the water injection valve.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the second temperature gradient values comprise temperature gradient values for a plurality of equally spaced depths within the set depth range.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the normal temperature gradient of the fluid in the wellbore is a temperature gradient in the wellbore in the range of 0 to 7000 meters depth.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein measuring a first temperature gradient value of a fluid within a wellbore within a set depth range from the water injection valve comprises:
and measuring a first temperature gradient value of the fluid within a depth range of 100 meters from the water injection valve.
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