CN109505561A - Oil field flood suction and oil flow production exploitation repeated on-off valve and its working method - Google Patents
Oil field flood suction and oil flow production exploitation repeated on-off valve and its working method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109505561A CN109505561A CN201811485743.7A CN201811485743A CN109505561A CN 109505561 A CN109505561 A CN 109505561A CN 201811485743 A CN201811485743 A CN 201811485743A CN 109505561 A CN109505561 A CN 109505561A
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- Prior art keywords
- oil
- plug
- pipe assembly
- top connection
- inlet passage
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 112
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B34/00—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells
- E21B34/06—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells
- E21B34/14—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells operated by movement of tools, e.g. sleeve valves operated by pistons or wire line tools
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
- E21B43/20—Displacing by water
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Multiple-Way Valves (AREA)
- Nozzles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of oil field flood suction and oil flow production exploitation repeated on-off valve and its working methods, switch valve includes from the upper top connection pipe up axially concatenated, set pipe assembly and lower contact pipe, one opens plug, for being set between top connection pipe and the asphalt channel for covering pipe assembly when needing flood suction, the first oil circuit unit for being equipped in plug and tubular piston inner cavity being connected with second oil inlet passage is opened;One shut-off plug, for being set between top connection pipe and the asphalt channel for covering pipe assembly when needing to close flood suction, shut-off plug is equipped with the second oil circuit unit that top connection tube cavity and second oil inlet passage are connected to and the third oil circuit unit that tubular piston inner cavity is connected with first oil inlet passage.Oil field flood suction of the present invention and oil flow production exploitation repeated on-off valve exempt to dig a branch well, and can carry out multiple switching, meet flood suction, oil flow production process specifications.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of oilfield exploitation tools, are used for oil field flood suction and oil flow production more particularly, to one kind
The repeated on-off valve of technique.
Background technique
Domestic flood suction digs a branch well by drilling well to realize, under the conditions of non-controlling, simply by stratum from one
Bottom drains into another stratum.Controllable flood suction switch valve has not been reported.
External Kuwait Oil Company completes the controllable flood suction of a bite using smart well.In addition it completes and passes through flatly
Underground electricity immersible pump realizes two-tube flood suction.Smart well mainly oil recovery interlayer control valve and permanent underground detection system, so as to
Control flows to the water of reservoir from water layer.Transmit temperature and pressure digital display, and surface acquisition system record and fact.Underground electricity
Immersible pump realizes that two-tube flood suction mainly controls water injection rate using electric immersible pump and whether injects.Cable power supply, electric immersible pump
End installation detecting device, detection injection data.This two technologies are electromechanical integration, and electronic product is by well depth and temperature
Limitation, to deep-well, ultradeep well high temperature and pressure, electronic product is all inadaptable both at home and abroad at present.
Therefore, it is necessary on the basis of existing, a kind of structurally reasonable, repeatable switch motion, economical adaptation are designed.
Meet the repeated on-off valve of flood suction, oil flow production process specifications.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: the purpose of the present invention is to solve the deficiencies in the prior art.It is structurally reasonable to design one kind, exempts to give a mark
Zhi Jing does not use the products such as cable, downhole submersible pumps.It is delivered from well head freely falling body and opens plug and shut-off plug, hydraulic way is closed
It closes or breakdown.It can carry out multiple switching, flexible to operation reliable, meet flood suction, oil flow production process specifications
Repeated on-off valve.
Technical solution: in order to achieve the goal above, the technical solution used in the present invention are as follows:
The present invention relates to a kind of oilfield exploitation tools, are used for oil field flood suction and oil flow production more particularly, to one kind
The repeated on-off valve of technology.
A kind of oil field flood suction and oil flow production exploitation repeated on-off valve, comprising: from it is upper up axially concatenate it is upper
Junction block, set pipe assembly and lower contact pipe, the inner cavity of described sleeve pipe assembly are slidably and sealingly connected with a tubular piston, the tubulose
Annular groove is equipped on the outside of the middle part tube wall of piston, cavity wall is equipped with one section of convex annular in the middle part of the inner cavity of described sleeve pipe assembly
It rises, is formed to be located between tubular piston outer wall and set pipe assembly inner wall after the annular groove and annular protrusion cooperation and be opened
Close the first annular shoe cream room on valve top and the second annular shoe cream room positioned at switch valve lower part;
First oil inlet passage is arranged in top connection tube wall and covers the tube wall side of pipe assembly, with the first annular storage
Oil pocket is connected;
Second oil inlet passage, setting top connection tube wall and the tube wall other side for covering pipe assembly are stored up with second annular
Oil pocket is connected;
The tube wall of described sleeve pipe assembly is equipped with water-filling nozzle, is located between two annular shoe cream rooms on the tubular piston
Tube wall is equipped with the water injection hole being connected with tubular piston inner cavity,
One opens plug, for being set to when needing flood suction between top connection pipe and the asphalt channel for covering pipe assembly,
Open the first oil circuit unit for being equipped in plug and tubular piston inner cavity being connected with second oil inlet passage;
One shut-off plug, for be set to when needing to close flood suction top connection pipe and cover pipe assembly asphalt channel it
Between, shut-off plug is equipped with the second oil circuit unit for being connected to top connection tube cavity with second oil inlet passage and by tubulose
The third oil circuit unit that piston cavity is connected with first oil inlet passage.
The opening plug includes: the first mandrel, the first gum cover, the first gasket and the first nut, wherein the first mandrel
Outside the first gum cover of suit, the first nut are mutually solid by the first gum cover and the first mandrel by connecting with the threads of the first mandrel
Fixed, first gasket is arranged between the first nut and the first gum cover.
The shut-off plug includes: the second mandrel, the second gum cover, the second gasket and the second nut, wherein the second mandrel
Outside the second gum cover of suit, the second nut are mutually solid by the second gum cover and the second mandrel by connecting with the threads of the second mandrel
Fixed, second gasket is arranged between the second nut and the second gum cover.
It is equipped with necking down hole between the top connection pipe and the asphalt channel for covering pipe assembly, the aperture in the necking down hole is greater than the
The diameter of one mandrel and the second mandrel, less than the diameter of the first gum cover and the second gum cover.
The both ends installation circlip of the tubular piston is supported on the inner wall of set pipe assembly.
The present invention further discloses one kind to be based on the oil field flood suction and oil flow production exploitation repeated on-off valve
Working method,
When needing flood suction, the opening plug is put into switch valve, fork clip is opened and is fixed in top connection pipe and casing
Between the asphalt channel of assembly, hydraulic oil enters to be filled in by the opening from top connection pipe and stop, and passes through first oil inlet passage
Tubular piston uplink in the inner cavity of set pipe assembly is pushed after into the first annular shoe cream room, so that the water-filling nozzle
It is connected with water injection hole, water flooding enters water oil reservoir through water-filling nozzle and water injection hole;
When needing to close flood suction, water filling is closed, continues to improve hydraulic fluid pressure, until oil pressure makes to open plug
Deformation, by oil pressure top to lower contact pipe tail portion;
Put into the shut-off plug into switch valve, shut-off plug be fastened in top connection pipe and cover pipe assembly asphalt channel it
Between, hydraulic oil enters successively after the second oil circuit unit, the second oil inlet passage enter the second annular shoe cream room from top connection pipe
Tubular piston downlink in the inner cavity of set pipe assembly is pushed, so that the water-filling nozzle and water injection hole separation, continue to improve liquid
Oil pressure, until oil pressure turns off plug, deformation occurs, by the shut-off plug top to lower contact pipe tail portion.
It is described open plug investment top connection pipe and cover pipe assembly asphalt channel between when, first oil inlet passage be into
Pressure passageway, the first oil circuit unit and the second oil inlet passage are pressure release passage.
When between shut-off plug investment top connection pipe and the asphalt channel for covering pipe assembly, the third oil circuit unit and the
One oil inlet passage is into pressure passageway;
Second oil inlet passage and the second oil circuit unit are pressure release passage.
The utility model has the advantages that compared to the prior art repeated on-off valve provided by the invention has the advantage that
Repeated on-off valve described in the invention is structurally reasonable, simple to operate, switch motion flexibility and reliability, repeats
Repeatedly.Same well is not only able to achieve flood suction, but also is able to achieve flowing well DP technology.It reduces cost of investment, reduce labor
Fatigue resistance improves working efficiency, environment is protected to avoid pollution.
Detailed description of the invention:
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of repeated on-off valve provided by the invention;
Wherein, 1, top connection pipe;2, pipe assembly is covered;3, lower contact pipe;4, tubular piston;5, water-filling nozzle;6, valve is opened;7,
Close valve;8, circlip;9, first annular shoe cream room;10, the second annular shoe cream room;11, the first oil inlet passage;12, the second oil inlet
Channel;13, necking down hole;
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram provided by the invention for opening plug;
Wherein, 6-1, the first nut;6-2, the first gasket;6-3, the first gum cover;6-4, the first mandrel;6-5, the first oil circuit
Unit;
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of shut-off plug provided by the invention;
Wherein, 7-1, the second nut;7-2, the second gasket;7-3, the second gum cover;7-4, the second mandrel;7-5, the second oil circuit
Unit;7-6, third oil circuit unit;
Fig. 4 is that opening provided by the invention plug is seated in repeated on-off valve starting waterflood path schematic diagram;
Fig. 5 is that shut-off plug provided by the invention is seated in repeated on-off valve opening and closing waterflood path schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
In the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is furture elucidated, it should be understood that these embodiments are merely to illustrate
It the present invention rather than limits the scope of the invention, after the present invention has been read, those skilled in the art are to of the invention each
The modification of kind equivalent form falls within the application range as defined in the appended claims.
A kind of oil field flood suction and oil flow production exploitation repeated on-off valve, comprising: from it is upper up axially concatenate it is upper
Junction block 1, set pipe assembly 2 and lower contact pipe 3, the inner cavity of described sleeve pipe assembly 2 are slidably and sealingly connected with a tubular piston 4, institute
It states and is equipped with annular groove on the outside of the middle part tube wall of tubular piston 4, cavity wall is equipped with one section in the middle part of the inner cavity of described sleeve pipe assembly
It is formed between tubular piston outer wall and set pipe assembly inner wall after annular protrusion, the annular groove and annular protrusion cooperation
First annular shoe cream room 9 positioned at switch valve top and the positioned at switch valve lower part second annular shoe cream room 10;
First oil inlet passage 11 is arranged in 1 tube wall of top connection pipe and covers the tube wall side of pipe assembly 2, with first ring
Shape shoe cream room 9 is connected;
Second oil inlet passage 12 is arranged in 1 tube wall of top connection pipe and covers the tube wall other side of pipe assembly 2, with described second
Annular shoe cream room 10 is connected;
The tube wall of described sleeve pipe assembly 2 is equipped with water-filling nozzle 5, be located on the tubular piston 4 two annular shoe cream rooms it
Between tube wall be equipped with the water injection hole 4-1 that is connected with tubular piston inner cavity,
One open plug 6, for be set to when needing flood suction top connection pipe 1 and cover pipe assembly 2 asphalt channel it
Between, open the first oil circuit unit 6-5 for being equipped in plug 6 and 4 inner cavity of tubular piston being connected with second oil inlet passage 12;
One shut-off plug 7 leads to for being set to top connection pipe 1 when needing to close flood suction and covering the oil circuit of pipe assembly 2
Between road, shut-off plug 7 be equipped with 1 inner cavity of top connection pipe is connected to second oil inlet passage 12 the second oil circuit unit 7-5,
And the third oil circuit unit 7-6 that tubular piston inner cavity is connected with first oil inlet passage 11.
Opening plug 6 includes: the first mandrel 6-4, the first gum cover 6-3, the first gasket 6-2 and the first nut 6-1,
In, the first gum cover 6-3, the first nut 6-1 of external suit of the first mandrel 6-4 with the threads of the first mandrel 6-4 by connecting
It connects and fixes the first gum cover 6-3 and the first mandrel 6-4 phase, the first gasket 6-2 is arranged in the first nut 6-1 and the first gum cover
Between 6-3.
The shut-off plug includes: the second mandrel 7-4, the second gum cover 7-3, the second gasket 7-2 and the second nut 7-1,
In, the second gum cover 7-3, the second nut 7-1 of external suit of the second mandrel 7-4 with the threads of the second mandrel 7-4 by connecting
It connects and fixes the second gum cover 7-3 and the second mandrel 7-4 phase, the second gasket 7-2 is arranged in the second nut 7-1 and the second gum cover
Between 7-3.
Further, necking down hole 13, the necking down are equipped between the top connection pipe 1 and the asphalt channel for covering pipe assembly 2
The aperture in hole 13 is greater than the diameter of the first mandrel and the second mandrel, less than the diameter of the first gum cover and the second gum cover.
Further, the both ends installation circlip of the tubular piston is supported on the inner wall of set pipe assembly.
The present invention further discloses one kind to be based on the oil field flood suction and oil flow production exploitation repeated on-off valve
Working method,
When needing flood suction, the opening plug is put into switch valve, fork clip is opened and is fixed in top connection pipe and casing
Between the asphalt channel of assembly, hydraulic oil enters to be filled in by the opening from top connection pipe and stop, and passes through first oil inlet passage
Tubular piston uplink in the inner cavity of set pipe assembly is pushed after into the first annular shoe cream room, so that the water-filling nozzle
It is connected with water injection hole, water flooding enters water oil reservoir through water-filling nozzle and water injection hole;
When needing to close flood suction, water filling is closed, continues to improve hydraulic fluid pressure, until oil pressure makes to open plug
Deformation, by oil pressure top to lower contact pipe tail portion;
Put into the shut-off plug into switch valve, shut-off plug be fastened in top connection pipe and cover pipe assembly asphalt channel it
Between, hydraulic oil enters successively after the second oil circuit unit, the second oil inlet passage enter the second annular shoe cream room from top connection pipe
Tubular piston downlink in the inner cavity of set pipe assembly is pushed, so that the water-filling nozzle and water injection hole separation, continue to improve liquid
Oil pressure, until oil pressure turns off plug, deformation occurs, by the shut-off plug top to lower contact pipe tail portion, recverable oil production.
It is described open plug investment top connection pipe and cover pipe assembly asphalt channel between when, first oil inlet passage be into
Pressure passageway, the first oil circuit unit and the second oil inlet passage are pressure release passage.
When between shut-off plug investment top connection pipe and the asphalt channel for covering pipe assembly, the third oil circuit unit and the
One oil inlet passage is into pressure passageway;
Second oil inlet passage and the second oil circuit unit are pressure release passage.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications are also answered
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of oil field flood suction and oil flow production exploitation use repeated on-off valve, comprising: from it is upper up axially concatenate on connect
Head tube, set pipe assembly and lower contact pipe, it is characterized in that, it is living that the inner cavity of described sleeve pipe assembly is slidably and sealingly connected with a tubulose
The middle part tube wall outside of plug, the tubular piston is equipped with annular groove, and cavity wall is equipped in the middle part of the inner cavity of described sleeve pipe assembly
After one section of annular protrusion, the annular groove and annular protrusion cooperation between tubular piston outer wall and set pipe assembly inner wall
Form the first annular shoe cream room for being located at switch valve top and the second annular shoe cream room positioned at switch valve lower part;
First oil inlet passage is arranged in top connection tube wall and covers the tube wall side of pipe assembly, with the first annular shoe cream room
It is connected;
Second oil inlet passage, setting top connection tube wall and the tube wall other side for covering pipe assembly, with the described second annular shoe cream room
It is connected;The tube wall of described sleeve pipe assembly is equipped with water-filling nozzle, is located between two annular shoe cream rooms on the tubular piston
Tube wall is equipped with the water injection hole being connected with tubular piston inner cavity,
One opens plug, for being set between top connection pipe and the asphalt channel for covering pipe assembly when needing flood suction, opens
The first oil circuit unit that tubular piston inner cavity is connected with second oil inlet passage is equipped in plug;
One shut-off plug, for being set to when needing to close flood suction between top connection pipe and the asphalt channel for covering pipe assembly,
Shut-off plug is equipped with the second oil circuit unit for being connected to top connection tube cavity with second oil inlet passage and by tubular piston
The third oil circuit unit that inner cavity is connected with first oil inlet passage.
2. oil field flood suction according to claim 1 and oil flow production exploitation repeated on-off valve, which is characterized in that institute
Stating opening plug includes: the first mandrel, the first gum cover, the first gasket and the first nut, wherein the external suit of the first mandrel the
One gum cover, the first nut are mutually fixed the first gum cover and the first mandrel by connecting with the threads of the first mandrel, and described
One gasket is arranged between the first nut and the first gum cover.
3. oil field flood suction according to claim 1 and oil flow production exploitation repeated on-off valve, which is characterized in that institute
Stating shut-off plug includes: the second mandrel, the second gum cover, the second gasket and the second nut, wherein the external suit of the second mandrel the
Two gum covers, the second nut are mutually fixed the second gum cover and the second mandrel by connecting with the threads of the second mandrel, and described
Two gaskets are arranged between the second nut and the second gum cover.
4. oil field flood suction according to claim 1 and oil flow production exploitation repeated on-off valve, which is characterized in that institute
It states and is equipped with necking down hole between top connection pipe and the asphalt channel for covering pipe assembly, the aperture in the necking down hole is greater than the first mandrel and the
The diameter of two mandrels, less than the diameter of the first gum cover and the second gum cover.
5. oil field flood suction according to claim 1 and oil flow production exploitation repeated on-off valve, which is characterized in that institute
The both ends installation circlip for stating tubular piston is supported on the inner wall of set pipe assembly.
6. a kind of based on the oil field flood suction any in Claims 1 to 5 and oil flow production exploitation repeated on-off valve
Working method, which is characterized in that
When needing flood suction, the opening plug is put into switch valve, is opened fork clip and is fixed in top connection pipe and set pipe assembly
Asphalt channel between, hydraulic oil from top connection pipe enter by the opening fill in stop, pass through first oil inlet passage enter
Tubular piston uplink in the inner cavity of set pipe assembly is pushed after the first annular shoe cream room, so that the water-filling nozzle and note
Water hole conducting, water flooding enter water oil reservoir through water-filling nozzle and water injection hole;
When needing to close flood suction, water filling is closed, continues to improve hydraulic fluid pressure, until oil pressure makes opening plug that shape occur
Become, opens plug by oil pressure top to lower contact pipe tail portion;
The shut-off plug is put into switch valve, shut-off plug is fastened between top connection pipe and the asphalt channel for covering pipe assembly, liquid
Pressure oil enters from top connection pipe successively pushes institute after the second oil circuit unit, the second oil inlet passage enter the second annular shoe cream room
Tubular piston downlink in the inner cavity of set pipe assembly is stated, so that the water-filling nozzle and water injection hole separation, continue to improve hydraulic oil pressure
Power, until oil pressure turns off plug, deformation occurs, by the shut-off plug top to lower contact pipe tail portion.
7. oil field flood suction and oil flow production the exploitation working method of repeated on-off valve according to claim 6, special
Sign is, described when opening between plug investment top connection pipe and the asphalt channel for covering pipe assembly, first oil inlet passage be into
Pressure passageway, the first oil circuit unit and the second oil inlet passage are pressure release passage.
8. oil field flood suction and oil flow production the exploitation working method of repeated on-off valve according to claim 6, special
Sign is, when between the shut-off plug investment top connection pipe and the asphalt channel for covering pipe assembly, the third oil circuit unit and the
One oil inlet passage is into pressure passageway;
Second oil inlet passage and the second oil circuit unit are pressure release passage.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CN201811485743.7A CN109505561B (en) | 2018-12-06 | 2018-12-06 | Multiple-time switch valve for self-flow water injection and self-flow oil extraction exploitation of oil field and working method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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CN201811485743.7A CN109505561B (en) | 2018-12-06 | 2018-12-06 | Multiple-time switch valve for self-flow water injection and self-flow oil extraction exploitation of oil field and working method thereof |
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CN109505561A true CN109505561A (en) | 2019-03-22 |
CN109505561B CN109505561B (en) | 2023-05-12 |
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CN201811485743.7A Active CN109505561B (en) | 2018-12-06 | 2018-12-06 | Multiple-time switch valve for self-flow water injection and self-flow oil extraction exploitation of oil field and working method thereof |
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Cited By (1)
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