CN109504431B - Pretreatment method for waste oil regeneration - Google Patents

Pretreatment method for waste oil regeneration Download PDF

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CN109504431B
CN109504431B CN201811396504.4A CN201811396504A CN109504431B CN 109504431 B CN109504431 B CN 109504431B CN 201811396504 A CN201811396504 A CN 201811396504A CN 109504431 B CN109504431 B CN 109504431B
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filtration
membrane
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waste oil
filtering
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CN109504431A (en
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王鸣
侯东阳
林国铖
冯磊
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Ningbo Zhongxun Environmental Protection Technology Co ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M175/00Working-up used lubricants to recover useful products ; Cleaning
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10GCRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G53/00Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by two or more refining processes
    • C10G53/02Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by two or more refining processes plural serial stages only

Abstract

The invention provides a method for pretreating waste mineral oil, wherein the waste mineral oil flows parallel to a membrane surface under the pushing of a pump, and the shearing force generated when the waste mineral oil flows through the membrane surface can take away impurity particles retained on a filtering membrane, so that a pollution layer is kept at a thin level, the pores of the filtering membrane are not easy to block, the service life of the filtering membrane can be prolonged, and the filtering efficiency is improved. The invention has good pretreatment effect on the waste mineral oil, simple operation process, less investment in the early stage of equipment and easy realization of market promotion.

Description

Pretreatment method for waste oil regeneration
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of waste mineral oil recycling, in particular to a pretreatment method for waste oil regeneration.
Background
The waste oil is oil which is changed when the original physical and chemical properties are changed due to the effects of impurity pollution, oxidation and heat, and cannot be continuously used, and mainly comes from oil sludge and oil foot produced in oil exploitation and refining, sediments produced in the storage process of mineral oil, changed oil produced by the performance deterioration of lubricating oil caused by the oxidation and mechanical friction of equipment such as machinery, power, transportation and the like, oil residue and filter media in the regeneration process and the like, and main impurities in the waste oil comprise carbon black, organic acid, salt, water, mechanical impurities and the like. The essence of the waste oil is mainly hydrocarbon substances containing less carbon atoms, the main components of the waste oil are hydrocarbons with different chain lengths, most of the waste oil are unsaturated hydrocarbons, and the waste oil has stable performance. The waste oil is composed of base oil and additive, wherein the base oil accounts for 80% -90% of the total amount, and the additive accounts for 10% -20% of the total amount. If the waste oil is subjected to impurity removal treatment and then is hydrogenated, high-quality base oil can be obtained, and good basic guarantee is provided for the recycling of the waste oil.
When the waste oil is treated, a small amount of impurities such as mechanical impurities, minerals, sand particles, mud, heavy metal salt paraffin and the like in the waste oil are removed, and then the waste oil is subjected to hydrorefining, wherein the process of removing the impurities is called pretreatment. At present, most of domestic methods for treating waste oil produce fuel oil by cracking, and the process route has the disadvantages of high energy consumption, low yield and secondary pollution; the domestic line for producing base oil by regenerating waste oil is mainly a distillation-acid washing-clay refining line and an acid washing-clay distillation refining line, and a distillation-extraction-clay process and a membrane distillation-furfural refining-clay process are further developed at present. Compared with the hydrogenation process technology in developed countries, the waste oil regeneration process technology widely applied in China has the advantages of low product yield, poor quality and serious secondary pollution. Membrane filtration is the common preliminary treatment mode of waste oil, and present membrane filtration technique relies on the gravity of waste oil itself more at present, filters through the mode of pressurization, but the filtration membrane hole can be blockked up along with the number of times of using in this kind of dead end filtration technique, and its filter effect can be progressively worse to filtration efficiency also can be progressively lower.
The cross flow filtration means that the blanking liquid is pushed by a pump to flow parallel to the membrane surface, and different from the dead end filtration, the shearing force generated when the blanking liquid flows through the membrane surface takes away the impurity particles retained on the membrane surface, so that the pollution layer is kept at a thinner level, the filtration membrane hole is not easy to block, the service life of the filtration membrane can be prolonged, and the filtration efficiency is improved.
Therefore, the method of cross-flow filtration is adopted to pretreat the waste oil, the waste oil can be effectively recovered, cleaned and recycled, and the method has positive significance for the shortage of petroleum resources in China, the reduction of environmental pollution, the guidance of energy conservation and the promotion of sustainable development of economy and society in China.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a pretreatment method for waste oil regeneration, which can prevent filter membrane holes from being blocked, improve the filtering efficiency and prolong the service life of a filter membrane.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme: a pretreatment method for waste oil regeneration comprises the following steps:
s1, conveying the waste oil to a first-stage filtering device for first-stage filtering, wherein the first-stage filtering is cross-flow filtering;
s2, sending the liquid after the membrane in the step S1 to a clear liquid tank, and continuously carrying out first-stage internal circulation filtration on the liquid before the membrane in a first-stage filtration device, wherein the first-stage internal circulation filtration is cross-flow filtration;
s3, conveying the membrane liquid after the first-stage filtration to a clear liquid tank, conveying the concentrated waste oil before the membrane to a second-stage filtration device, and performing second-stage filtration, wherein the second-stage filtration is cross-flow filtration;
s4, sending the liquid after the membrane in the step S3 to a clear liquid tank, and continuously carrying out secondary internal circulation filtration on the liquid before the membrane in a secondary filtration device, wherein the secondary internal circulation filtration is cross-flow filtration;
s5, sending the liquid after membrane in the step S4 into a clear liquid tank to become the pre-treated oil, and sending the liquid before membrane into a concentrated liquid tank.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: the method comprises the following steps that after entering a first-section filtering device, waste mineral oil is conveyed to a first-section filtering membrane, under the action of a pressure pump, membrane rear clear liquid flows out from the side face of the filtering membrane and is conveyed to a clear liquid tank, membrane front liquid is subjected to first-section internal circulation filtering in the first-section filtering device, membrane rear liquid is conveyed to the clear liquid tank, membrane front liquid is conveyed to a second-section filtering device and is subjected to second-section cross flow filtering, membrane rear liquid is conveyed to the clear liquid tank, membrane front liquid is left in the second-section filtering device to be subjected to second-section internal circulation filtering, membrane rear liquid is conveyed to the clear liquid tank, and membrane front liquid is conveyed to a concentrated. In the process of the first-stage filtration and the second-stage filtration, particle impurities in the waste oil are left on the filtering membrane, the shearing force generated by the flow of the waste mineral oil on the filtering membrane takes away the impurity particles retained on the membrane surface, so that the pollution layer is always kept at a thin level, the filtering membrane hole is not easy to block, the service life of the filtering membrane can be prolonged, and the filtering efficiency is improved.
Preferably, the aperture of the filtering membrane of the first-stage filtering device is 10 nm-100 μm, and the aperture of the filtering membrane of the second-stage filtering device is 10 nm-100 μm.
Preferably, in the step S1, the filtering temperature of the first-stage filtering is 20 to 200 ℃, the pressure of the waste oil entering the first-stage filtering device is 0.1 to 20MPa, and the pressure of the membrane tube permeation side of the filtering membrane during the first-stage filtering is 0.1 to 20 MPa.
Preferably, in the step S2, the filtration temperature of the first stage internal circulation filtration is 20 to 200 ℃, the circulation flow rate is 1 to 15m/S, and the membrane tube permeation side pressure of the filtration membrane during the first stage internal circulation is 0.1 to 10 MPa.
Preferably, in the step S3, the filtering temperature of the second-stage filtration is 20 to 200 ℃, the pressure of the waste oil entering the second-stage filtration device is 0.1 to 20MPa, and the membrane tube permeation side pressure of the filtration membrane during the second-stage filtration is 0.1 to 20 MPa.
Preferably, in the step S4, the filtration temperature of the two-stage internal circulation filtration is 20 to 200 ℃, the circulation flow rate is 1 to 15m/S, and the membrane tube permeation-side pressure of the filtration membrane during the two-stage internal circulation is 0.1 to 10 MPa.
Preferably, in the step S2, the first-stage internal circulation filtration is performed until the mass of the waste oil is concentrated to 10-90% of the total mass of the waste oil.
Preferably, in the step S4, the second-stage internal circulation filtration is performed until the mass of the waste oil is concentrated to 60-90% of the total mass of the waste oil after the first-stage internal circulation filtration.
Preferably, a thermal settling step, a dehydration step and a coarse filtration step are carried out before the step S1, wherein the thermal settling step is to heat the waste oil to 50-90 ℃ and stand for 1-12 hours to evaporate water in the waste oil; the dehydration step is to heat the waste oil to 50-160 ℃, stir the waste oil and separate the waste oil from water; and the step of coarse filtration is that the waste oil is subjected to coarse filtration through a screen before entering a section of filtering device.
Preferably, the waste oil comprises waste mineral oil, waste engine oil, waste lubricating oil, waste transformer oil and waste heat conducting oil.
When cross-flow filtration is carried out, a pressure pump is needed to accelerate the flow velocity of the waste mineral oil so as to increase the filtration speed and improve the filtration efficiency. The pressure of the membrane tube permeation side of the filtering membrane is matched with the pressure of the pressurizing pump outlet, so that the filtering membrane is prevented from being damaged by rupture and the like due to overlarge pressure.
The pre-membrane liquid is circularly filtered on the filtering membrane, so that the yield of the pretreated oil can be improved on one hand, and the pre-membrane liquid can be concentrated on the other hand, and can be used as blended asphalt after being concentrated to a certain degree.
The impurity particles with higher density can be reduced to the bottom of the waste mineral oil through sedimentation; heating can make the waste mineral oil viscosity reduce for the hot movement speed of foreign particle makes faster the subsiding of foreign particle, and the time of subsiding is longer, and the foreign particle has abundant time to fall to the tank bottom that subsides, and the effect of subsiding is better. The waste mineral oil can be ensured to have good fluidity at 50-160 ℃, if the moisture content in the waste mineral oil is larger, the temperature can be properly increased to 120-160 ℃, the moisture in the waste mineral oil can be changed into steam to escape, and the moisture in the waste mineral oil is removed; coarse filtration can make great impurity particle in the waste mineral oil filtered, prevents that follow-up filtration membrane from blockking up, improves follow-up filtration efficiency.
In summary, the present invention has at least the following advantages:
firstly, the shearing force generated by the waste oil flowing on the filtering membrane takes away the impurity particles retained on the membrane surface, so that the pollution layer is always kept at a thinner level, the filtering membrane hole is not easy to block, the service life of the filtering membrane can be prolonged, and the filtering efficiency is improved.
And when cross-flow filtration is carried out, the permeation side pressure of the membrane tube of the filtering membrane is far smaller than the pressure of the filtering membrane in the traditional membrane filtration method, so that the damage such as breakage and the like caused by overlarge pressure of the filtering membrane can be prevented, and the service life of the filtering membrane is prolonged.
And thirdly, the pre-membrane liquid is subjected to circulating filtration on a filtration membrane, so that on one hand, the yield of the pretreated oil can be improved, on the other hand, the pre-membrane liquid can be concentrated, and after the pre-membrane liquid is concentrated to a certain degree, the pre-membrane liquid can be used as blended asphalt.
And fourthly, the method for treating the waste oil has the advantages of low energy consumption, low requirement on operation conditions, small equipment investment and no secondary pollution.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of cross-flow membrane filtration for pretreatment of waste mineral oil.
Detailed Description
The following are specific embodiments of the present invention and are further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments:
example 1
Taking a waste oil sample A, and carrying out an experiment by using the pretreatment method disclosed by the invention, wherein the method comprises the following specific steps:
p1, adding the waste oil into a thermal settling tank, heating to 50 ℃, and settling for 8 hours; coarse filtering the settled waste oil by a screen and conveying the waste oil to a dewatering tank;
p2, heating the waste oil in the step P1 to 160 ℃, stirring and dehydrating;
p3, conveying the waste oil in the step P2 to a first-stage filtering device through a pump, and carrying out first-stage cross flow filtration, wherein the aperture of a filtering membrane in the first-stage filtering device is 60 micrometers, the filtering temperature is 60 ℃, the pressure of the waste oil entering the first-stage filtering device is 0.7MPa, and the pressure of the permeation side of a membrane tube of the filtering membrane in the first-stage filtering is 0.5 MPa;
p4, conveying the liquid after the membrane in the step P3 into a clear liquid tank, and continuously carrying out first-stage internal circulation filtration on the liquid before the membrane in a first-stage filtering device, wherein the first-stage internal circulation filtration is cross-flow filtration; the filtering temperature is 60 ℃, the circulating flow rate is 15m/s, the permeation side pressure of a membrane tube of a filtering membrane is 0.5MPa in the first-stage internal circulation, and the first-stage internal circulation is filtered until the mass of the waste oil is concentrated to 20 percent of the total mass of the waste oil;
p5, conveying the membrane liquid after the first-stage filtration to a clear liquid tank, conveying the concentrated waste oil before the membrane to a second-stage filtration device for second-stage filtration, wherein the second-stage filtration is cross-flow filtration; the aperture of a filtering membrane in the second-stage filtering device is 200nm, the filtering temperature is 160 ℃, the pressure of waste oil entering the second-stage filtering device is 1.0MPa, and the pressure of the permeation side of a membrane tube of the filtering membrane in the second-stage filtering is 0.8 MPa;
p6, conveying the liquid after the membrane in the step P5 into a clear liquid tank, and continuously carrying out second-stage internal circulation filtration on the liquid before the membrane in a second-stage filtration device, wherein the second-stage internal circulation filtration is cross-flow filtration; the filtering temperature is 160 ℃, the circulating flow rate is 10m/s, the membrane tube permeation side pressure of a filtering membrane is 0.8MPa in the two-stage internal circulation, and the two-stage internal circulation is filtered until the mass of the waste oil is concentrated to 70 percent of the total mass of the waste oil after the one-stage internal circulation filtration;
p7, sending the liquid after membrane in the step P6 into a clear liquid tank to become the pretreated oil, and sending the liquid before membrane into a concentrated liquid tank.
The analysis of the obtained post-film liquid (pretreatment oil) is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 analysis of metallic elements in A sample of waste oil
Figure BDA0001875311710000061
Figure BDA0001875311710000071
Example 2
Taking a waste oil sample B, and carrying out an experiment by using the pretreatment method disclosed by the invention, wherein the method comprises the following specific steps:
p1, adding the waste oil into a thermal settling tank, heating to 90 ℃, and settling for 5 hours; coarse filtering the settled waste oil by a screen and conveying the waste oil to a dewatering tank;
p2, heating the waste oil in the step P1 to 120 ℃, stirring and dehydrating;
p3, conveying the waste oil in the step P2 to a first-stage filtering device through a pump, and carrying out first-stage cross flow filtration, wherein the aperture of a filtering membrane in the first-stage filtering device is 20 micrometers, the filtering temperature is 90 ℃, the pressure of the waste oil entering the first-stage filtering device is 0.8MPa, and the pressure of the permeation side of a membrane tube of the filtering membrane in the first-stage filtering is 1.0 MPa;
p4, conveying the liquid after the membrane in the step P3 into a clear liquid tank, and continuously carrying out first-stage internal circulation filtration on the liquid before the membrane in a first-stage filtering device, wherein the first-stage internal circulation filtration is cross-flow filtration; the filtering temperature is 90 ℃, the circulating flow rate is 8m/s, the permeation side pressure of a membrane tube of a filtering membrane is 0.8MPa when the internal circulation is performed in one section, and the internal circulation is performed in the other section until the mass of the waste oil is concentrated to 50 percent of the total mass of the waste oil;
p5, conveying the membrane liquid after the first-stage filtration to a clear liquid tank, conveying the concentrated waste oil before the membrane to a second-stage filtration device for second-stage filtration, wherein the second-stage filtration is cross-flow filtration; the aperture of a filtering membrane in the second-stage filtering device is 40nm, the filtering temperature is 170 ℃, the pressure of waste oil entering the second-stage filtering device is 6.5MPa, and the pressure of the permeation side of a membrane tube of the filtering membrane in the second-stage filtering is 6.0 MPa;
p6, conveying the liquid after the membrane in the step P5 into a clear liquid tank, and continuously carrying out second-stage internal circulation filtration on the liquid before the membrane in a second-stage filtration device, wherein the second-stage internal circulation filtration is cross-flow filtration; the filtering temperature is 160 ℃, the circulating flow rate is 6m/s, the membrane tube permeation side pressure of a filtering membrane is 0.8MPa in the two-stage internal circulation, and the two-stage internal circulation is filtered until the mass of the waste oil is concentrated to 90 percent of the total mass of the waste oil after the one-stage internal circulation filtration;
p7, sending the liquid after membrane in the step P6 into a clear liquid tank to become the pretreated oil, and sending the liquid before membrane into a concentrated liquid tank.
The analysis of the obtained post-film liquid (pretreatment oil) is shown in table 1.
TABLE 2 analysis of metallic elements in waste oil sample B
Figure BDA0001875311710000081
Figure BDA0001875311710000091

Claims (6)

1. A pretreatment method for waste oil regeneration is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, conveying the waste oil to a first-stage filtering device for first-stage filtering, wherein the first-stage filtering is cross-flow filtering;
s2, sending the liquid after the membrane in the step S1 to a clear liquid tank, and continuously carrying out first-stage internal circulation filtration on the liquid before the membrane in a first-stage filtration device, wherein the first-stage internal circulation filtration is cross-flow filtration;
s3, conveying the membrane liquid after the first-stage filtration to a clear liquid tank, conveying the concentrated waste oil before the membrane to a second-stage filtration device, and performing second-stage filtration, wherein the second-stage filtration is cross-flow filtration;
s4, sending the liquid after the membrane in the step S3 to a clear liquid tank, and continuously carrying out secondary internal circulation filtration on the liquid before the membrane in a secondary filtration device, wherein the secondary internal circulation filtration is cross-flow filtration;
s5, sending the liquid after the membrane in the step S4 into a clear liquid tank to become pre-treated oil, and sending the liquid before the membrane into a concentrated liquid tank;
in the step S1, the filtering temperature of the first-stage filtration is 20-200 ℃, the pressure of the waste oil entering the first-stage filtration device is 0.1-20 MPa, and the pressure of the membrane tube permeation side of the filtration membrane during the first-stage filtration is 0.1-20 MPa;
in the step S2, the filtering temperature of the first-stage internal circulation filtering is 20-200 ℃, the circulation flow rate is 1-15 m/S, and the membrane tube permeation side pressure of the filtering membrane is 0.1-10 MPa during the first-stage internal circulation;
in the step S3, the filtering temperature of the second-stage filtration is 20-200 ℃, the pressure of the waste oil entering the second-stage filtration device is 0.1-20 MPa, and the pressure of the membrane tube permeation side of the filtration membrane during the second-stage filtration is 0.1-20 MPa;
in the step S4, the filtering temperature of the two-stage internal circulation filtering is 20-200 ℃, the circulation flow rate is 1-15 m/S, and the membrane tube permeation side pressure of the filtering membrane is 0.1-10 MPa during the two-stage internal circulation.
2. The pretreatment method for waste oil reclamation as recited in claim 1, wherein the first-stage filtration device has a filtration membrane pore size of 10nm to 100 μm, and the second-stage filtration device has a filtration membrane pore size of 10nm to 100 μm.
3. The pretreatment method for waste oil reclamation as recited in claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the waste oil is filtered in a section of internal circulation until the mass of the waste oil is concentrated to 10-90% of the total mass of the waste oil.
4. The pretreatment method for waste oil regeneration as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S4, the mass of the waste oil is concentrated to 60-90% of the total mass of the waste oil after the first-stage internal circulation filtration.
5. The pretreatment method for waste oil reclamation according to claim 1, wherein a thermal settling step, a dehydration step and a coarse filtration step are carried out before the step S1, wherein the thermal settling step is to heat the waste oil to 50-90 ℃, and stand for 1-12 hours to evaporate water in the waste oil; the dehydration step is to heat the waste oil to 50-160 ℃, stir the waste oil and separate the waste oil from water; and the step of coarse filtration is that the waste oil is subjected to coarse filtration through a screen before entering a section of filtering device.
6. The pretreatment method for waste oil reclamation of claim 1, wherein the waste oil comprises waste mineral oil, waste engine oil, waste lubricating oil, waste transformer oil and waste thermal oil.
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CN108380045A (en) * 2018-02-27 2018-08-10 临安奥星电子股份有限公司 A kind of waste oil recovery method of aluminium shell of capacitor punching oil

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