CN109499363A - A kind of combined padding and drying system waste gas purification technique - Google Patents

A kind of combined padding and drying system waste gas purification technique Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109499363A
CN109499363A CN201910030007.0A CN201910030007A CN109499363A CN 109499363 A CN109499363 A CN 109499363A CN 201910030007 A CN201910030007 A CN 201910030007A CN 109499363 A CN109499363 A CN 109499363A
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drying system
combined padding
reaction solution
exhaust gas
catalyst
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CN109499363B (en
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焦昭杰
陈凌
张贤明
高旭
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Chongqing Technology and Business University
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/86Catalytic processes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/77Liquid phase processes
    • B01D53/78Liquid phase processes with gas-liquid contact
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2258/00Sources of waste gases
    • B01D2258/02Other waste gases
    • B01D2258/0258Other waste gases from painting equipments or paint drying installations

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of techniques using heterogeneous catalysis wet-type peroxide oxidizing method degradation treatment combined padding and drying system exhaust gas, it is characterized by: the exhaust gas of combined padding and drying system enters heat exchanger by admission line under the action of booster pump, it is sprayed into again by nozzle in the reaction solution of combined padding and drying system emission-control equipment, through reaction solution treated exhaust gas again after adsorption layer further adsorbs, it is discharged by outlet pipe, after the above process carries out 1 hour~1.5 hours, the processing to combined padding and drying system exhaust gas is completed.The temperature rise that the present invention generates after making full use of the temperature of combined padding and drying system exhaust gas itself and booster pump to pressurize, it does not need additionally to heat reaction solution, simultaneously, the harmless treatment for realizing combined padding and drying system exhaust gas is acted on by heterogeneous catalysis wet-type peroxide oxidizing, catalyst in reaction solution can Reusability, in addition, the pH value of reaction solution does not need additionally to be adjusted in treatment process, process flow is simple, energy consumption, equipment investment are low, and technology, economic advantages are obvious.

Description

A kind of combined padding and drying system waste gas purification technique
Technical field
This patent is related to waste gas pollution control and treatment field, in particular to combined padding and drying system exhaust-gas treatment purification process.
Background technique
With the high speed development of China's industrial economy, a large amount of equipment especially manufactures and repairs field in automobile production and needs Paint baking is carried out, in baking vanish, since the volatilization of high temperature and paint can generate a large amount of toxic, irritative gas, If its discharge of leaving will cause air and seriously pollute, it is detrimental to health, is at present straight to such escaping gas a part It was expelled directly out after connecting simple high temperature cotton filtering, the gas of discharge still has strong pungent smell;Another part is Using the physical methods removal such as simple adsorption filtration, the disadvantages of this method is not thorough there are low efficiency, processing.Therefore the present invention It is intended to carry out catalyzing oxidizing degrading to such gas by using heterogeneous catalysis wet-type peroxide oxidizing method, makes its mineralising Water and carbon dioxide realize harmless discharge, to solve the emission problem of combined padding and drying system exhaust gas.Meanwhile this method can avoid passing Active component is easy to run off, pH value is confined to 2~4 existing for Fenton method of uniting, and reaction process needs the defects of adjusting pH value.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to: it is directed to current combined padding and drying system exhaust gas treatment problem, is proposed using heterogeneous catalysis Wet-type peroxide oxidizing method carrys out the such exhaust gas of catalyzing oxidizing degrading, makes its mineralising water and carbon dioxide, realizes innoxious row It puts.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
The exhaust gas of a kind of combined padding and drying system waste gas purification technique, combined padding and drying system enters heat exchange by admission line under the action of booster pump Device, then sprayed by nozzle in the reaction solution of combined padding and drying system emission-control equipment, by reaction solution treated exhaust gas again through adsorption layer It further after absorption, is discharged by outlet pipe, after the above process carries out 1 hour~1.5 hours, is completed to combined padding and drying system exhaust gas Processing.
Further, the reaction solution is to contain catalyst and H2O2Aqueous solution, wherein catalyst is urged for Cu-Mn-Ce-O Agent.
Further, the Cu-Mn-Ce-O catalyst in the reaction solution, content are 0.025%~0.1% (quality percentage Than).
Further, the H in the reaction solution2O2, content is 0.1%~0.25% (mass percent).
Further, the reaction solution, pH value range are 1.8~11.8.
Further, the reaction solution, volume are per minute into 20 times of the combined padding and drying system exhaust gas volume of admission line ~30 times.
Further, the combined padding and drying system exhaust gas after being pressurized pumping action, pressure are 0.125MPa (A)~0.2MPa (A)。
Further, the distance of the nozzle distance bottom of device is bottom of device and reaction solution liquid level vertical range 1/3~1/4.
Further, the combined padding and drying system exhaust gas after heat exchanger, gas temperature are 100 DEG C~150 DEG C.
Further, the adsorption layer is activated carbon and fixed bed, and bed height is that bottom of device is vertical with reaction solution liquid level The 1/3~1/2 of distance.
Further, the molar ratio of the Cu-Mn-Ce-O catalyst, Cu and Mn are 0.5~2.
Further, the molar ratio of the Cu-Mn-Ce-O catalyst, (Cu+Mn) and Ce are 1~3.
Further, the Cu-Mn-Ce-O catalyst, specific surface area 3m2/ g~40m2/g。
Further, the Cu-Mn-Ce-O catalyst, aperture are 1nm~15nm.
Further, the Cu-Mn-Ce-O catalyst, Kong Rongwei 2.5cm3/ g~10cm3/g。
Beneficial effects of the present invention include following aspect:
1) after being evacuated by booster pump, combined padding and drying system and the external world form certain pressure difference, cause combined padding and drying system exhaust gas not to be then exhausted from, only It can be entered in emission-control equipment by the air-extraction function of booster pump, leakage discharge will not occur for exhaust gas.
2) exhaust gas temperature for entering combined padding and drying system emission-control equipment is controlled 100 DEG C~150 by peripheral hardware heat exchanger DEG C, make reaction solution be increased to suitable reaction temperature by heat exchange into after in emission-control equipment, takes full advantage of roasting The temperature rise generated after temperature and the booster pump pressurization of japanning room exhaust gas itself, does not need additionally to heat reaction solution, save The equipment investment and energy consumption of reaction solution heating, reduce processing cost.
3) after exhaust gas enters reaction solution, acted on by heterogeneous catalysis wet-type peroxide oxidizing, make its be degraded to water and Carbon dioxide realizes harmless treatment.Meanwhile the present invention is also provided with activated carbon and fixed bed as adsorption treatment layer, with absorption The exhaust gas that few part that may be present is not reacted completely realizes the complete processing of combined padding and drying system exhaust gas.
4) the Cu-Mn-Ce-O catalyst in the reaction solution can Reusability, do not need to change, cost can be substantially reduced.
5) reaction solution all has higher catalyzing oxidizing degrading ability, avoids in the range of pH value is 1.8~11.2 The limitation that traditional Fenton method needs pH value to react in the range of 2~4, does not need additionally to adjust during the reaction The pH value of reaction solution.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of schematic diagram of combined padding and drying system waste gas purification technique of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown, a kind of combined padding and drying system waste gas purification technique of the present embodiment, comprising the following steps:
1) exhaust gas of combined padding and drying system enters heat exchanger by admission line under the action of booster pump, then sprays into combined padding and drying system by nozzle In the reaction solution of emission-control equipment, through reaction solution treated exhaust gas again after adsorption layer further adsorbs, pass through outlet Pipeline discharge after the above process carries out 1 hour~1.5 hours, completes the processing to combined padding and drying system exhaust gas.
2) above-mentioned steps 1) in, the reaction solution of combined padding and drying system emission-control equipment is to contain catalyst and H2O2Aqueous solution, Wherein catalyst is Cu-Mn-Ce-O catalyst.
3) above-mentioned steps 1) in, the Cu-Mn-Ce-O catalyst in combined padding and drying system emission-control equipment reaction solution, content is 0.025%~0.1% (mass percent).
4) above-mentioned steps 1) in, the H in combined padding and drying system emission-control equipment reaction solution2O2, content is 0.1%~0.25% (mass percent).
5) above-mentioned steps 1) in, the pH value range of combined padding and drying system emission-control equipment reaction solution is 1.8~11.8.
6) above-mentioned steps 1) in, the volume of combined padding and drying system emission-control equipment reaction solution is per minute into admission line 20 times of combined padding and drying system exhaust gas volume~30 times.
7) above-mentioned steps 1) in, the combined padding and drying system exhaust gas after being pressurized pumping action, pressure be 0.125MPa (A)~ 0.2MPa(A)。
8) above-mentioned steps 1) in, the combined padding and drying system exhaust gas after heat exchanger exchanges heat is sprayed at combined padding and drying system exhaust gas by nozzle In the reaction solution for managing device, wherein the distance of nozzle distance bottom of device is bottom of device and reaction solution liquid level vertical range 1/3~1/4.
9) above-mentioned steps 1) in, the combined padding and drying system exhaust gas temperature after booster pump pressurizes is controlled at 100 DEG C by heat exchanger ~150 DEG C.
10) above-mentioned steps 1) in, by combined padding and drying system emission-control equipment reaction solution treated combined padding and drying system exhaust gas again through inhaling Attached layer further progress absorption, wherein adsorption layer is activated carbon and fixed bed, and bed height is that bottom of device and reaction solution liquid level hang down The 1/3~1/2 of straight distance.
11) above-mentioned steps 1) in, the Cu-Mn-Ce-O catalyst in combined padding and drying system emission-control equipment reaction solution, Cu and Mn Molar ratio be 0.5~2, the molar ratio of (Cu+Mn) and Ce are 1~3.
12) above-mentioned steps 1) in, the Cu-Mn-Ce-O catalyst in combined padding and drying system emission-control equipment reaction solution, specific surface Product is 3m2/ g~40m2/ g, aperture are 1nm~15nm, Kong Rongwei 2.5cm3/ g~10cm3/g。
The present invention takes full advantage of the temperature rise that generates after the temperature and booster pump pressurization of combined padding and drying system exhaust gas itself, does not need volume Reaction solution is heated outside, has saved the equipment investment and energy consumption of reaction solution heating, meanwhile, the present invention passes through heterogeneous catalysis The harmless treatment of combined padding and drying system exhaust gas is realized in wet-type peroxide oxidizing effect, and the Cu-Mn-Ce-O catalyst in reaction solution can be anti- It is multiple to use, it does not need to change, in addition, the pH value of reaction solution does not need additionally to be adjusted in treatment process of the present invention, process flow Simply, energy consumption and equipment investment are lower, and overall technology, economic advantages are fairly obvious.
First embodiment:
1) exhaust gas of combined padding and drying system enters heat exchanger by admission line under the action of booster pump, then sprays into combined padding and drying system by nozzle In the reaction solution of emission-control equipment, through reaction solution treated exhaust gas again after adsorption layer further adsorbs, pass through outlet Pipeline discharge after the above process carries out 1 hour, completes the processing to combined padding and drying system exhaust gas.
2) above-mentioned steps 1) in, the reaction solution of combined padding and drying system emission-control equipment is to contain catalyst and H2O2Aqueous solution, Wherein catalyst is Cu-Mn-Ce-O catalyst.
3) above-mentioned steps 1) in, the Cu-Mn-Ce-O catalyst in combined padding and drying system emission-control equipment reaction solution, content is 0.025% (mass percent).
4) above-mentioned steps 1) in, the H in combined padding and drying system emission-control equipment reaction solution2O2, content is 0.1% (quality hundred Divide ratio).
5) above-mentioned steps 1) in, the pH value of combined padding and drying system emission-control equipment reaction solution is 1.8.
6) above-mentioned steps 1) in, the volume of combined padding and drying system emission-control equipment reaction solution is per minute into admission line 20 times of combined padding and drying system exhaust gas volume.
7) above-mentioned steps 1) in, the combined padding and drying system exhaust gas after being pressurized pumping action, pressure is 0.125MPa (A).
8) above-mentioned steps 1) in, the combined padding and drying system exhaust gas after heat exchanger exchanges heat is sprayed at combined padding and drying system exhaust gas by nozzle In the reaction solution for managing device, wherein the distance of nozzle distance bottom of device is bottom of device and reaction solution liquid level vertical range 1/3。
9) above-mentioned steps 1) in, the combined padding and drying system exhaust gas temperature after booster pump pressurizes is controlled 100 by heat exchanger ℃。
10) above-mentioned steps 1) in, by combined padding and drying system emission-control equipment reaction solution treated combined padding and drying system exhaust gas again through inhaling Attached layer further progress absorption, wherein adsorption layer is activated carbon and fixed bed, and bed height is that bottom of device and reaction solution liquid level hang down The 1/3 of straight distance.
11) above-mentioned steps 1) in, the Cu-Mn-Ce-O catalyst in combined padding and drying system emission-control equipment reaction solution, Cu and Mn Molar ratio be 0.5, the molar ratio of (Cu+Mn) and Ce are 1.
12) above-mentioned steps 1) in, the Cu-Mn-Ce-O catalyst in combined padding and drying system emission-control equipment reaction solution, specific surface Product is 3m2/ g, aperture 1nm, Kong Rongwei 2.5cm3/g。
The present invention takes full advantage of the temperature rise that generates after the temperature and booster pump pressurization of combined padding and drying system exhaust gas itself, does not need volume Reaction solution is heated outside, has saved the equipment investment and energy consumption of reaction solution heating, meanwhile, the present invention passes through heterogeneous catalysis The harmless treatment of combined padding and drying system exhaust gas is realized in wet-type peroxide oxidizing effect, and the Cu-Mn-Ce-O catalyst in reaction solution can be anti- It is multiple to use, in addition, the present invention is not required to additionally adjust the pH value of reaction solution, process flow simply, energy consumption and equipment investment Lower, technology, economic advantages are obvious.
Second embodiment:
1) exhaust gas of combined padding and drying system enters heat exchanger by admission line under the action of booster pump, then sprays into combined padding and drying system by nozzle In the reaction solution of emission-control equipment, through reaction solution treated exhaust gas again after adsorption layer further adsorbs, pass through outlet Pipeline discharge, the above process carry out 1.2 hours, complete the processing to combined padding and drying system exhaust gas.
2) above-mentioned steps 1) in, the reaction solution of combined padding and drying system emission-control equipment is to contain catalyst and H2O2Aqueous solution, Wherein catalyst is Cu-Mn-Ce-O catalyst.
3) above-mentioned steps 1) in, the Cu-Mn-Ce-O catalyst in combined padding and drying system emission-control equipment reaction solution, content is 0.05% (mass percent).
4) above-mentioned steps 1) in, the H in combined padding and drying system emission-control equipment reaction solution2O2, content is 0.15% (quality hundred Divide ratio).
5) above-mentioned steps 1) in, the pH value of combined padding and drying system emission-control equipment reaction solution is 6.8.
6) above-mentioned steps 1) in, the volume of combined padding and drying system emission-control equipment reaction solution is per minute into admission line 25 times of combined padding and drying system exhaust gas volume.
7) above-mentioned steps 1) in, the combined padding and drying system exhaust gas after being pressurized pumping action, pressure is 0.155MPa (A).
8) above-mentioned steps 1) in, the combined padding and drying system exhaust gas after heat exchanger exchanges heat is sprayed at combined padding and drying system exhaust gas by nozzle In the reaction solution for managing device, wherein the distance of nozzle distance bottom of device is bottom of device and reaction solution liquid level vertical range 7/24。
9) above-mentioned steps 1) in, the combined padding and drying system exhaust gas temperature after booster pump pressurizes is controlled 130 by heat exchanger ℃。
10) above-mentioned steps 1) in, by combined padding and drying system emission-control equipment reaction solution treated combined padding and drying system exhaust gas again through inhaling Attached layer further progress absorption, wherein adsorption layer is activated carbon and fixed bed, and bed height is that bottom of device and reaction solution liquid level hang down The 5/12 of straight distance.
11) above-mentioned steps 1) in, the Cu-Mn-Ce-O catalyst in combined padding and drying system emission-control equipment reaction solution, Cu and Mn Molar ratio be 1, the molar ratio of (Cu+Mn) and Ce are 2.
12) above-mentioned steps 1) in, the Cu-Mn-Ce-O catalyst in combined padding and drying system emission-control equipment reaction solution, specific surface Product is 18m2/ g, aperture 7nm, Kong Rongwei 5cm3/g。
The present invention takes full advantage of the temperature rise that generates after the temperature and booster pump pressurization of combined padding and drying system exhaust gas itself, does not need volume Reaction solution is heated outside, has saved the equipment investment and energy consumption of reaction solution heating, meanwhile, the present invention passes through heterogeneous catalysis The harmless treatment of combined padding and drying system exhaust gas is realized in wet-type peroxide oxidizing effect, and the Cu-Mn-Ce-O catalyst in reaction solution can be anti- Multiple to use, in addition, the pH value of reaction solution does not need additionally to be adjusted, process flow is simple, energy consumption and equipment investment are lower, skill Art, economic advantages are obvious.
3rd embodiment:
1) exhaust gas of combined padding and drying system enters heat exchanger by admission line under the action of booster pump, then sprays into combined padding and drying system by nozzle In the reaction solution of emission-control equipment, through reaction solution treated exhaust gas again after adsorption layer further adsorbs, pass through outlet Pipeline discharge after the above process carries out 1.5 hours, completes the processing to combined padding and drying system exhaust gas.
2) above-mentioned steps 1) in, the reaction solution of combined padding and drying system emission-control equipment is to contain catalyst and H2O2Aqueous solution, Wherein catalyst is Cu-Mn-Ce-O catalyst.
3) above-mentioned steps 1) in, the Cu-Mn-Ce-O catalyst in combined padding and drying system emission-control equipment reaction solution, content is 0.1% (mass percent).
4) above-mentioned steps 1) in, the H in combined padding and drying system emission-control equipment reaction solution2O2, content is 0.25% (quality hundred Divide ratio).
5) above-mentioned steps 1) in, the pH value of combined padding and drying system emission-control equipment reaction solution is 11.8.
6) above-mentioned steps 1) in, the volume of combined padding and drying system emission-control equipment reaction solution is per minute into admission line 30 times of combined padding and drying system exhaust gas volume.
7) above-mentioned steps 1) in, the combined padding and drying system exhaust gas after being pressurized pumping action, pressure is 0.2MPa (A).
8) above-mentioned steps 1) in, the combined padding and drying system exhaust gas after heat exchanger exchanges heat is sprayed at combined padding and drying system exhaust gas by nozzle In the reaction solution for managing device, wherein the distance of nozzle distance bottom of device is bottom of device and reaction solution liquid level vertical range 1/4。
9) above-mentioned steps 1) in, the combined padding and drying system exhaust gas temperature after booster pump pressurizes is controlled 150 by heat exchanger ℃。
10) above-mentioned steps 1) in, by combined padding and drying system emission-control equipment reaction solution treated combined padding and drying system exhaust gas again through inhaling Attached layer further progress absorption, wherein adsorption layer is activated carbon and fixed bed, and bed height is that bottom of device and reaction solution liquid level hang down The 1/2 of straight distance.
11) above-mentioned steps 1) in, the Cu-Mn-Ce-O catalyst in combined padding and drying system emission-control equipment reaction solution, Cu and Mn Molar ratio be 2, the molar ratio of (Cu+Mn) and Ce are 3.
12) above-mentioned steps 1) in, the Cu-Mn-Ce-O catalyst in combined padding and drying system emission-control equipment reaction solution, specific surface Product is 40m2/ g, aperture 15nm, Kong Rongwei 10cm3/g。
The present invention takes full advantage of the temperature rise that generates after the temperature and booster pump pressurization of combined padding and drying system exhaust gas itself, does not need volume Reaction solution is heated outside, has saved the equipment investment and energy consumption of reaction solution heating, meanwhile, the present invention passes through heterogeneous catalysis The harmless treatment of combined padding and drying system exhaust gas is realized in wet-type peroxide oxidizing effect, and the Cu-Mn-Ce-O catalyst in reaction solution can be anti- It is multiple to use, in addition, the pH value of reaction solution does not need additionally to be adjusted in treatment process of the present invention, process flow simply, energy consumption And equipment investment is lower, technology, economic advantages are obvious.
Finally, it is stated that the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention and are not limiting, although referring to compared with Good embodiment describes the invention in detail, those skilled in the art should understand that, it can be to skill of the invention Art scheme is modified or replaced equivalently, and without departing from the objective and range of technical solution of the present invention, should all be covered at this In the scope of the claims of invention.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of combined padding and drying system waste gas purification technique, it is characterised in that: the exhaust gas of combined padding and drying system passes through air inlet under the action of booster pump Pipeline enters heat exchanger, then is sprayed by nozzle in the reaction solution of combined padding and drying system emission-control equipment, and by reaction solution, that treated is useless Gas after adsorption layer further adsorbs, is discharged again by outlet pipe, after the above process carries out 1 hour~1.5 hours, completion pair The processing of combined padding and drying system exhaust gas;
The reaction solution is to contain catalyst and H2O2Aqueous solution, wherein catalyst be Cu-Mn-Ce-O catalyst;
Cu-Mn-Ce-O catalyst in the reaction solution, content are 0.025%~0.1% (mass percent);
H in the reaction solution2O2, content is 0.1%~0.25% (mass percent);
The reaction solution, pH value range are 1.8~11.8;
The reaction solution, volume are per minute into 20 times~30 times of the combined padding and drying system exhaust gas volume of admission line;
The combined padding and drying system exhaust gas after being pressurized pumping action, pressure are 0.125MPa (A)~0.2MPa (A);
The distance of the nozzle distance bottom of device is the 1/3~1/4 of bottom of device and reaction solution liquid level vertical range;
The combined padding and drying system exhaust gas after heat exchanger, gas temperature are 100 DEG C~150 DEG C;
The adsorption layer is activated carbon and fixed bed, bed height be bottom of device and reaction solution liquid level vertical range 1/3~ 1/2。
2. a kind of combined padding and drying system waste gas purification technique according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the Cu-Mn-Ce-O is urged The molar ratio of agent, Cu and Mn are 0.5~2.
3. a kind of combined padding and drying system waste gas purification technique according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the Cu-Mn-Ce-O is urged The molar ratio of agent, (Cu+Mn) and Ce are 1~3.
4. a kind of combined padding and drying system waste gas purification technique according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the Cu-Mn-Ce-O is urged Agent, specific surface area 3m2/ g~40m2/g。
5. a kind of combined padding and drying system waste gas purification technique according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the Cu-Mn-Ce-O is urged Agent, aperture are 1nm~15nm.
6. a kind of combined padding and drying system waste gas purification technique according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the Cu-Mn-Ce-O is urged Agent, Kong Rongwei 2.5cm3/ g~10cm3/g。
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