CN109495843B - Fixed-point wireless charging base station deployment method based on convex hull selection - Google Patents

Fixed-point wireless charging base station deployment method based on convex hull selection Download PDF

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CN109495843B
CN109495843B CN201910018110.3A CN201910018110A CN109495843B CN 109495843 B CN109495843 B CN 109495843B CN 201910018110 A CN201910018110 A CN 201910018110A CN 109495843 B CN109495843 B CN 109495843B
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程瑜华
万鹏
吴宝瑜
王高峰
李文钧
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Wenzhou Huidian Technology Co ltd
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Hangzhou Dianzi University Wenzhou Research Institute Co Ltd
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    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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Abstract

The invention discloses a fixed-point wireless charging base station deployment method based on convex hull selection. The charging base station position planning of the existing wireless chargeable sensor network lacks flexibility, and certain defects exist in practical application. The invention is as follows: firstly, a plane rectangular coordinate system is established, and n common nodes corresponding to the respective positions of the n wireless chargeable sensors are placed into the plane rectangular coordinate system. And secondly, solving the deployment positions of the candidate base stations, and determining the coverage node set of the candidate base stations. And thirdly, determining the deployment position of the charging base station. And fourthly, arranging the charging base stations on the deployment positions of the base stations determined in the second step and the third step. According to the invention, the effect of the deployment position of the charging base station is improved and the calculation amount is greatly reduced by calculating the convex hull of each common node. The invention gets rid of the restriction that the base station needs to be supposed in some fixed areas in advance in the prior method, and the position information of the wireless chargeable sensor in the wireless sensor network is obtained.

Description

Fixed-point wireless charging base station deployment method based on convex hull selection
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wireless chargeable sensor networks, and particularly relates to a fixed-point wireless charging base station deployment method based on convex hull selection.
Background
The 5G technology has great improvement in communication speed, power consumption and the like, so that the Internet is also stepped from mobile interconnection to intelligent interconnection, and the life of people becomes very convenient with the arrival of the 5G era. The sensor equipment is the basis of realizing intelligent interconnection, and the wireless charging technology provides a solution for the energy problem of the sensor network, so that the wireless rechargeable sensor comes along with the operation. In a wireless chargeable sensor network, the most important problem is how to deploy the least chargeable base stations to meet the energy requirement of the whole sensor network, the manufacturing cost of the chargeable base stations is very high, how to select the types of the chargeable base stations, and reduce redundant base stations, so that the operation cost of the whole sensor network can be effectively reduced.
At present, some researches have been made on the deployment problem of charging base stations of wireless chargeable sensor networks aiming at different characteristics of the charging base stations. Haocheng et al, in a "directional adaptive wireless charging technology based on beamforming" (patent number: CN103441583A), proposed a wireless charging technology based on beamforming technology, which can improve the distance of wireless charging compared to an electromagnetic induction type wireless charging mode, and can improve the efficiency of wireless charging compared to a resonance type wireless charging mode, but the patent is only directed to the working mode of a single charging base station, and does not relate to the optimization of the number of wireless charging base stations in a sensor network. Wu Erfan et al in the patent "a non-contact charging node deployment method facing sensor network" (patent number: CN201310276000.X) propose a position planning method for wireless charging base stations. The method comprises the steps of gridding an area needing to be charged, arranging all sensor nodes in a grid, and then arranging a wireless charging base station on grid points of the grid, wherein the base station arranged by the method is not always in the optimal position, the position planning of the charging base station is lack of flexibility, and certain defects exist in practical application. Therefore, it is very important to provide a base station deployment method in which the location of the charging base station can be flexibly planned and the number of the charging base stations can be optimized by using a wireless charging base station with a long charging distance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fixed-point wireless charging base station deployment method based on convex hull selection.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
step 1, establishing a planar rectangular coordinate system, and placing n common nodes corresponding to the respective positions of the n wireless chargeable sensors into the planar rectangular coordinate system. The set formed by the n common nodes is a common node set U. Assign 1 to i.
And 2, solving the deployment positions of the candidate base stations, and determining the coverage node set of the candidate base stations.
2-1, establishing a candidate base station set S which is initially an empty seti. A set of candidate sensors CU is established. And the candidate sensor set CU is equal to the common node set U.
And 2-2, solving the convex hull of the candidate sensor set CU according to the coordinates of each common node in the candidate sensor set CU, and assigning 1 to k.
2-3, selecting one vertex of the convex hull obtained in the step 2-2 as the ith candidate base station ci1 st overlay node qi,1Adding a coverage node set Q of the ith candidate base stationiIn (1). The ith candidate base station ci1 st overlay node qi,1Are removed from the candidate sensor set CU. Ith candidate base station ci1 st overlay node qi,1Has the coordinates of (x)i,1,yi,1). With the ith candidate base station ci1 st overlay node qi,1As the initial position of the ith candidate base station. The coordinates of the initial position of the ith candidate base station are (a)i,1,bi,1)，ai,1＝xi,1，bi,1＝yi,1。
2-4, taking the coordinates (a) in the candidate sensor set CUi,k,bi,k) And taking the common node with the nearest distance as a candidate node. The coordinates of the candidate node are (x ', y'). The candidate node is removed from the candidate sensor set CU.
2-5, calculating the updated predicted coordinates (a ', b') of the base station; wherein the expression of a' is shown as formula (1); the expression of b' is shown as formula (2);
Figure BDA0001939801210000031
Figure BDA0001939801210000032
in formulae (1) and (2), wi,jIndicates the ith candidate base station ciOf the jth overlay node qi,jPower of a corresponding wireless chargeable sensor; x is the number ofi,jIs the ith candidate base station ciOf the jth overlay node qi,jThe abscissa of (a); y isi,jIs the ith candidate base station ciOf the jth overlay node qi,jW' is the power of the wireless chargeable sensor corresponding to the candidate node, and β is the value
Figure BDA0001939801210000033
η is the transmission efficiency when the charging base station and the wireless chargeable sensor are close together, α is the value
Figure BDA0001939801210000041
GtThe gain of a transmitting antenna of the charging base station is increased; grThe gain of a receiving antenna of the wireless chargeable sensor is large or small; λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave used when the charging base station and the wireless chargeable sensor perform wireless transmission.
2-6, calculating the ith candidate base station ciIs logged into the charge dormancy duration of the candidate node
Figure BDA0001939801210000047
As shown in formula (3);
Figure BDA0001939801210000042
in the formula (3), T is a charging period of the charging base station, and the expression thereof is shown in the formula (4). t is ti,jIs the ith candidate base station ciThe charging duration of the jth coverage node of (1) is expressed by the following formula (5). t'The charging duration of the candidate node is represented by the formula (6).
Figure BDA0001939801210000043
In the formula (4), CM is the battery capacity of each wireless chargeable sensor. w is amaxThe power of the sensor with the highest power among the wireless chargeable sensors.
Figure BDA0001939801210000044
In the formula (5), PtRated power for the charging base station; p (d)ij) Is that the spacing is equal to dijThe charging efficiency between the charging base station and the wireless chargeable sensor is expressed as
Figure BDA0001939801210000045
dijIs the ith candidate base station ciOf the jth overlay node qijAnd the coordinates (a ', b').
Figure BDA0001939801210000046
In the formula (6), P (d ') is the charging efficiency between the charging base station and the wireless chargeable sensor with the distance equal to d', and the expression is
Figure BDA0001939801210000051
d ' is the distance of the candidate node from the coordinates (a ', b ').
And entering the step 2-7.
2-7, if
Figure BDA0001939801210000052
The candidate node is taken as the ith candidate base station ci(k + 1) th overlay node qi,k+1Set of coverage nodes Q for joining ith candidate base stationiThe ith candidate base station ciIs updated to (a)i,k+1,bi,k+1)，ai,k+1＝a′，bi,k+1B'; increase k by 1 and proceed to step 2-8.
If it is
Figure BDA0001939801210000053
Step 2.8 is entered directly.
2-8, if the candidate sensor set CU is an empty set; entering step 3; otherwise, steps 2-4 to 2-7 are repeated.
Step 3, adding a coverage node set Q of the ith candidate base station into the common sensor set UiAll the common nodes in (b) are removed from the common sensor set U. In terms of coordinates (a)i,k,bi,k) As the ith base station deployment location. If the common sensor set U is not an empty set, increasing i by 1, and repeatedly executing the step 2; otherwise, go to step 4.
And 4, arranging a charging base station at each base station deployment position determined in the steps 2 and 3.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method gets rid of the constraint that the base stations need to be assumed in advance in certain fixed areas in the existing method, plans the number of the base stations as few as possible according to the position information of the wireless chargeable sensor in the wireless sensor network on the premise of ensuring the energy requirement of the wireless sensor network, and gives the specific positions of the base stations, thereby reducing the charging cost of the whole wireless sensor network and being more in line with the practical application scene.
2. According to the invention, the effect of the deployment position of the charging base station is improved and the calculation amount is greatly reduced by calculating the convex hull of each common node.
3. When the charging base station is arranged, a fixed charging radius is not set, and charging time of different wireless chargeable sensors is introduced as a variable. In many existing researches on the deployment of the charging base station, the charging base station is assumed to have a charging radius, and if the distance between a sensor and the base station exceeds the range of the radius, the charging base station cannot charge the sensor. However, in practice, since each sensor node performs different functions and consumes different energy, the charging radius of the wireless chargeable sensor for different power consumptions is different for the same charging base station. Simply setting a charging radius does not reasonably allow the charging base station to include all the sensor nodes that can receive energy, resulting in deployment of redundant charging base stations. Therefore, compared with the prior art, the invention can further save the charging cost.
4. The invention adopts a convergent wireless charging base station, which has small radiation area but long radiation distance, thereby being suitable for sensor networks with larger coverage area and wider distribution area.
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Fig. 1 is a schematic view illustrating the deployment of a charging base station and a wireless chargeable sensor according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention aims at a charging base station deployment scene that all wireless chargeable sensors in a wireless sensor network are arranged on the same plane. The charging base station set by the invention is a 'convergent' charging base station with the same specification. The radiation area of the 'convergent' charging base station is small (similar to laser charging), only one sensor can be covered and charged at the same time, and the 'convergent' energy emission mode can greatly increase the radiation distance of energy, namely, the wireless charging base station used by the invention is farther than that of other charging base stations. Under the condition of ensuring the energy requirements of all sensors in the sensor network, the number of base stations is deployed as few as possible so as to reduce the charging cost of the whole sensor network. The charging base station can charge the wireless chargeable sensors one by one. N wireless chargeable sensors with random and known positions are arranged on a deployment plane of the wireless sensor network. The relationship between the charging base station and the wirelessly chargeable sensing network is shown in fig. 1. In fig. 1, the star is a wireless chargeable sensor, and the dots are wireless chargeable sensors.
As shown in fig. 1, a fixed-point wireless charging base station deployment method based on convex hull selection specifically includes:
step 1, establishing a planar rectangular coordinate system, and placing n common nodes corresponding to the respective positions of the n wireless chargeable sensors into the planar rectangular coordinate system. The set formed by n common nodes is a common node set U ═ U1,u2,u3,…,un}. Assign 1 to i. i represents the ordinal number of the charging base station.
And 2, solving the deployment positions of the candidate base stations, and determining the coverage node set of the candidate base stations.
2-1, establishing a candidate base station set S which is initially an empty seti. A set of candidate sensors CU is established. And the candidate sensor set CU is equal to the common node set U.
And 2-2, solving a convex hull of the candidate sensor set CU according to the coordinates of each common node in the candidate sensor set CU (the convex hull is a set of all vertexes of a convex polygon, all vertexes in the convex hull are in the candidate sensor set CU, and all common nodes in the common node set U are not outside the convex polygon). Assign 1 to k. k represents the ordinal number of the covered sensor in the ith charging base station.
2-3, randomly selecting one vertex of the convex hull obtained in the step 2-2 as the ith candidate base station ci1 st overlay node qi,1Adding a coverage node set Q of the ith candidate base stationiIn (1). And the ith candidate base station ci1 st overlay node qi,1Are removed from the candidate sensor set CU. Ith candidate base station ci1 st overlay node qi,1Has the coordinates of (x)i,1,yi,1). With the ith candidate base station ci1 st overlay node qi,1As the initial position of the ith candidate base station. The coordinates of the initial position of the ith candidate base station are (a)i,1,bi,1)，ai,1＝xi,1，bi,1＝yi,1。
2-4, taking the candidate base station c in the candidate sensor set CU and the ith candidate base station ci(coordinates (a)i,k,bi,k) ) the nearest common node as a candidate node. The coordinates of the candidate node are (x ', y'). Candidate nodeRemoved from the candidate sensor set CU.
2-5, calculating the updated predicted coordinates (a ', b') of the base station; wherein the expression of a' is shown as formula (1); the expression of b' is shown as formula (2);
Figure BDA0001939801210000081
Figure BDA0001939801210000082
in the formulae (1) and (2), ai,kIs the ith candidate base station ciPerforming the abscissa before the k-th updating; bi,kIs the ith candidate base station ciPerforming a vertical coordinate before the k-th updating; w is ai,jIndicates the ith candidate base station ciOf the jth overlay node qi,jPower of a corresponding wireless chargeable sensor; x is the number ofi,jIs the ith candidate base station ciOf the jth overlay node qi,jThe abscissa of (a); y isi,jIs the ith candidate base station ciOf the jth overlay node qi,jW' is the power of the wireless chargeable sensor corresponding to the candidate node, and β is the value
Figure BDA0001939801210000083
η represents transmission efficiency when the charging base station and the wireless chargeable sensor are close together, if the transmission efficiency is detected when the charging base station and the wireless chargeable sensor are not close together, η is replaced by 1, α takes a value of
Figure BDA0001939801210000084
GtThe gain of a transmitting antenna of the charging base station is increased; grThe gain of a receiving antenna of the wireless chargeable sensor is large or small; λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave used when the charging base station and the wireless chargeable sensor perform wireless transmission.
2-6, calculating the ith candidate base station ciIs logged into the charge dormancy duration of the candidate node
Figure BDA0001939801210000091
As shown in formula (3);
Figure BDA0001939801210000092
in the formula (3), T is a charging period of the charging base station, and a value of T is equal to a minimum value of the duration of the n wireless chargeable sensors, and an expression of T is shown in the formula (4). t is ti,jIs the ith candidate base station ciThe charging time (the time required for charging from the charging base station to the full charge) of the jth coverage node in (1) is expressed by the following formula (5). t' is the charging duration of the candidate node, and the expression thereof is shown in formula (6).
Figure BDA0001939801210000093
In the formula (4), CM is the battery capacity of each wireless chargeable sensor. w is amaxThe power of the sensor with the highest power among the wireless chargeable sensors.
Figure BDA0001939801210000094
In the formula (5), PtRated power for the charging base station; p (d)ij) Is that the spacing is equal to dijThe charging efficiency between the charging base station and the wireless chargeable sensor is expressed as
Figure BDA0001939801210000095
dijIs the ith candidate base station ciOf the jth overlay node qijAnd the coordinates (a ', b').
Figure BDA0001939801210000096
In the formula (6), P (d ') is the charging efficiency between the charging base station and the wireless chargeable sensor with the distance equal to d', and the expression is
Figure BDA0001939801210000097
d ' is the distance of the candidate node from the coordinates (a ', b ').
2-7, if the ith candidate base station ciIs logged into the charge dormancy duration of the candidate node
Figure BDA0001939801210000101
The candidate node is taken as the ith candidate base station ci(k + 1) th overlay node qi,k+1Set of coverage nodes Q for joining ith candidate base stationi，The ith candidate base station ciIs updated to (a)i,k+1,bi,k+1)，ai,k+1＝a′，bi,k+1B'; increase k by 1 and proceed to step 2.8.
If the ith candidate base station ciIs logged into the charge dormancy duration of the candidate node
Figure BDA0001939801210000102
Step 2.8 is entered directly.
2-8, if the candidate sensor set CU is an empty set; entering step 3; otherwise, steps 2-4 to 2-7 are repeated.
Step 3, adding a coverage node set Q of the ith candidate base station into the common sensor set UiAll the common nodes in (b) are removed from the common sensor set U. In terms of coordinates (a)i,k,bi,k) As the ith base station deployment location. If the common sensor set U is not an empty set, increasing i by 1, and repeatedly executing the step 2; otherwise, go to step 4.
And 4, arranging a charging base station at each base station deployment position determined in the steps 2 and 3.

Claims (1)

1. A fixed point wireless charging base station deployment method based on convex hull selection is characterized in that: step 1, establishing a planar rectangular coordinate system, and placing n common nodes corresponding to the respective positions of n wireless chargeable sensors into the planar rectangular coordinate system; a set formed by n common nodes is a common node set U; assigning 1 to i;
step 2, solving the deployment positions of the candidate base stations, and determining a coverage node set of the candidate base stations;
2-1, establishing a candidate base station set S which is initially an empty seti(ii) a Establishing a candidate sensor set CU, and enabling the candidate sensor set CU to be equal to the common node set U;
2-2, solving a convex hull of the candidate sensor set CU according to the coordinates of each common node in the candidate sensor set CU, and assigning 1 to k;
2-3, selecting one vertex of the convex hull obtained in the step 2-2 as the ith candidate base station ci1 st overlay node qi,1Adding a coverage node set Q of the ith candidate base stationiPerforming the following steps; the ith candidate base station ci1 st overlay node qi,1Removing from the candidate sensor set CU; ith candidate base station ci1 st overlay node qi,1Has the coordinates of (x)i,1,yi,1) (ii) a With the ith candidate base station ci1 st overlay node qi,1As the initial position of the ith candidate base station; the coordinates of the initial position of the ith candidate base station are (a)i,1,bi,1)，ai,1＝xi,1，bi,1＝yi,1；
2-4, taking the coordinates (a) in the candidate sensor set CUi,k,bi,k) The common node with the nearest distance is used as a candidate node; the coordinates of the candidate node are (x, y); removing the candidate node from the candidate sensor set CU;
2-5, calculating the updated predicted coordinates (a ', b') of the base station; wherein the expression of a' is shown as formula (1); the expression of b' is shown as formula (2);
Figure FDA0002472133100000021
Figure FDA0002472133100000022
in formulae (1) and (2), wi,jRepresents the ith candidate baseStation ciOf the jth overlay node qi,jPower of a corresponding wireless chargeable sensor; x is the number ofi,jIs the ith candidate base station ciOf the jth overlay node qi,jThe abscissa of (a); y isi,jIs the ith candidate base station ciOf the jth overlay node qi,jW' is the power of the wireless chargeable sensor corresponding to the candidate node, and β is the value
Figure FDA0002472133100000023
η is the transmission efficiency when the charging base station and the wireless chargeable sensor are close together, α is the value
Figure FDA0002472133100000024
GtThe gain of a transmitting antenna of the charging base station is increased; grThe gain of a receiving antenna of the wireless chargeable sensor is large or small; lambda is the wavelength of electromagnetic waves used when the charging base station and the wireless chargeable sensor carry out wireless transmission;
2-6, calculating the ith candidate base station ciIs logged into the charge dormancy duration of the candidate node
Figure FDA0002472133100000026
As shown in formula (3);
Figure FDA0002472133100000025
in the formula (3), T is a charging period of the charging base station, and an expression of T is shown in the formula (4); t is ti,jIs the ith candidate base station ciThe charging duration of the jth coverage node of (1) is expressed by the formula (5); t' is the charging duration of the candidate node, and the expression is shown in the formula (6);
Figure FDA0002472133100000031
in formula (4), CM is the battery capacity of each wireless chargeable sensor; w is amaxFor each wireless deviceThe power of the most powerful of the charge sensors;
Figure FDA0002472133100000032
in the formula (5), PtRated power for the charging base station; p (d)ij) Is that the spacing is equal to dijThe charging efficiency between the charging base station and the wireless chargeable sensor is expressed as
Figure FDA0002472133100000033
dijIs the ith candidate base station ciOf the jth overlay node qijThe distance from the coordinates (a ', b');
Figure FDA0002472133100000034
in the formula (6), P (d ') is the charging efficiency between the charging base station and the wireless chargeable sensor with the distance equal to d', and the expression is
Figure FDA0002472133100000035
d ' is the distance between the candidate node and the coordinates (a ', b ');
entering the step 2-7;
2-7, if
Figure FDA0002472133100000036
The candidate node is taken as the ith candidate base station ci(k + 1) th overlay node qi,k+1Set of coverage nodes Q for joining ith candidate base stationiThe ith candidate base station ciIs updated to (a)i,k+1,bi,k+1)，ai,k+1＝a′，bi,k+1B'; increasing k by 1 and proceeding to step 2-8;
if it is
Figure FDA0002472133100000037
Directly entering the step 2-8;
2-8, if the candidate sensor set CU is an empty set; entering step 3; otherwise, repeating the steps 2-4 to 2-7;
step 3, adding the coverage node set Q of the ith candidate base station into the common node set UiRemoving all common nodes from the common node set U; in terms of coordinates (a)i,k,bi,k) As the ith base station deployment location; if the common node set U is not an empty set, increasing i by 1, and repeatedly executing the step 2; otherwise, entering step 4;
and 4, arranging a charging base station at each base station deployment position determined in the steps 2 and 3.
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