CN109495241A - Post-confirmation method for quantum seal bidding auction - Google Patents
Post-confirmation method for quantum seal bidding auction Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109495241A CN109495241A CN201710814021.0A CN201710814021A CN109495241A CN 109495241 A CN109495241 A CN 109495241A CN 201710814021 A CN201710814021 A CN 201710814021A CN 109495241 A CN109495241 A CN 109495241A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- bidder
- bid price
- photon
- victor
- quantum
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002056 binary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010365 information processing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010200 validation analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
- H04L9/0852—Quantum cryptography
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q30/00—Commerce
- G06Q30/06—Buying, selling or leasing transactions
- G06Q30/08—Auctions
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/06—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for block-wise or stream coding, e.g. DES systems or RC4; Hash functions; Pseudorandom sequence generators
- H04L9/0643—Hash functions, e.g. MD5, SHA, HMAC or f9 MAC
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
- Accounting & Taxation (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Finance (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Entrepreneurship & Innovation (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Development Economics (AREA)
- Economics (AREA)
- Marketing (AREA)
- Strategic Management (AREA)
- General Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Management, Administration, Business Operations System, And Electronic Commerce (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a post-confirmation method of quantum sealed bidding auction, which is characterized in that in the quantum sealed bidding auction, each bidder sends own tender price to an auctioneer, then processes own tender price information and sends the processed tender price information to other bidders, and when the auctioneer publishes a winner and the tender price thereof, other bidders can verify the authenticity of the winner according to the processed tender price information received before. The invention aims to solve the problems that the existing post-confirmation method of the quantum sealing bidding auction protocol is high in operation and measurement complexity, requires quantum entanglement resources and quantum memory and is difficult to realize, and the like, so that any bidder can verify the authenticity of a final winner, and the auction fairness is ensured.
Description
Technical field
It is specifically a kind of to be suitable for quantum the present invention relates to quantum sealed bid auction and the post-processing field of classics
Guarantee a kind of rear confirmation method of auction fairness in sealed bid auction process.
Background technique
With the rapid development and extensive use of Internet technology, all kinds of e-commerce continuously emerge in a network, and electric
Son auction is one of most important E-business applications, and the most optimal sorting of resource may be implemented in well-designed electronic auction system
Match, disclosure, fair and just economic transaction environment are provided, this there is important reality to anticipate the sound development of e-commerce
Justice, and help to establish social credit mechanism, meanwhile, electronic auction is related to multiple network and information security technology, these
Technology can be not only used for electronic auction, can be used for other e-commerce and e-governments, and the safety of electronic auction
Research also has important meaning to the research of security of network and information.
Auction Protocol is broadly divided into two major classes: sealed auction and public auction.Since the bid of sealed auction is hidden
Secret property ensure that the privacy of bidder, so sealed auction receives the concern of numerous researchers.In classical sealed auction, it is
The confidentiality of information is needed to carry out cryptographic operation to information, i.e., is added using the cryptographic communications systems in classical cryptoraphy
It is close.The finiteness of computational complexity and computing capability that confidential corespondence system is to rely on its classic algorithm used guarantees its peace
Complete, i.e., assumed based on the computational complexity for solving the NP problems such as big number decomposition, discrete logarithm.However, with quantum calculation skill
The development of art, the above NP class problem become to solve, and the safety of classical cryptographic communications systems is on the hazard.
2009, Naseri was put forward for the first time the quantum sealed bid auction protocol based on GHZ state, later, Yang and Qin
Et al. the agreement is improved, however, Zheng et al. is pointed out, existing quantum sealed bid auction protocol is not accounted for
The triumph of auction can be illegally obtained, to destroy if auctioneer and any malice bidder conspire to the honesty of auctioneer
The fairness of auction.Based on this, 2010, Zhao et al. was proposed on the basis of quantum sealed bid auction protocol, was added
Affirmation mechanism after one guarantees the fairness of auction with this, and in the rear affirmation mechanism, any bidder is compiled using single photon
Code sends bid price information to other bidder.However the agreement, there are information leakage problem, multiple bidder can conspire
Obtain the bid price information of other bidder.2014, Wang et al. was proposed, using EPR to affirmation mechanism after realization, Ke Yibao
Card bid price information is not leaked.However EPR is to being not easy to keep for a long time, and needs quantum memory, therefore practicability is not high.
In conclusion existing quantum sealed auction agreement especially rear confirmation stage there is problems:
(1) need to prepare stable quantum entanglement resource.
(2) correspondingly need to carry out multiparticle complicated quantized transformation and quantum measurement.
(3) quantum memory is needed to save these quantum entanglement resources for a long time.
Therefore it is based on existing quantum information processing technique, existing scheme or agreement are difficult to realize.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to solve the operation of the rear confirmation method of existing quantum sealed bid auction protocol and measurement
Complexity is high, the problems such as needing quantum entanglement resource and quantum memory and be difficult to realize, provides a kind of quantum sealed bid bat
The rear confirmation method sold, to make any one bidder be able to verify that the authenticity of final victor, to guarantee auction protocol
Fairness.
The present invention in order to solve the technical problem, adopts the following technical scheme that:
A kind of the characteristics of rear confirmation method of quantum sealed bid auction of the present invention is to carry out as follows:
Step 1: in an auctioneer Alice and N-1 bidder { B1,B2..., Bj,...,BN-1The auction that is constituted
In the process, any j-th of bidder BjWith i-th of bidder BiShare a key Kij, j, i=1,2 ..., N-1 and i ≠ j；
Step 2: any one bidder sends itself bid price after processing to other all bidder；
Step 2.1: j-th of bidder BjAccording to itself bid price MjWith shared key KijCalculate corresponding Hash
Value H (Mj,Kij), and by the cryptographic Hash H (Mj,Kij) binary sequence state coding is carried out under the freedom degree that polarizes, obtain original
Polarization of beginning monochromatic light subsequence Pji；
Step 2.2: j-th of bidder BjIt is random to generate bait photon, and according to the shared key KijPreparation
Photon is authenticated, then the certification photon and bait photon are inserted into the original polarization monochromatic light subsequence PjiIn, to obtain new
Polarization monochromatic light subsequence P 'jiAnd i-th of bidder B is issued by quantum channeli；
Step 2.3: j-th of bidder BjConfirm i-th of bidder BiReceive the new polarization single photon sequence
Arrange P 'jiAfterwards, i-th of bidder B is assistediIt is whether safe using quantum channel described in the bait photon detection, if safety,
Then follow the steps 2.4；Otherwise, the auction process terminates；
Step 2.4: i-th of bidder BiJ-th of bidder B is verified using the certification photonjIdentity,
If authenticating successfully, 2.5 are thened follow the steps；Otherwise, the auction process terminates；
Step 2.5: i-th of bidder BiBy the new polarization monochromatic light subsequence P 'jiIn certification photon and lure
Bait photon removes, and obtains the original polarization monochromatic light subsequence Pji, then from measurement base { XP,ZPOne measurement base of middle random selection
For measuring the original polarization monochromatic light subsequence PjiEach of polarization single photon, and by selected measurement base and its survey
Result secret is measured to save；
Step 3: the auctioneer Alice announces victor BkAnd its bid price Mk, k ∈ { 1,2 ..., N-1 }, other bids
Person verifies the victor B using single photon initial code state detection method relevant to measurement resultkBid price MkIt is true
Property；If verification result be it is true, then follow the steps 4；Otherwise, victor B is indicatedkBid price MkIt is untrue, and terminate and auctioned
Journey；
Step 4: other bidder verify victor BkBid price MkWhether itself bid price is greater than；If other are submitted a tender
There are the victor B for discovery in personkBid price MkThe case where less than itself bid price, then corresponding bidder is as complainer
A complaint information and itself bid price are broadcasted, and executes step 5；Otherwise, victor B is indicatedkAnd its bid price MkReally have
Effect；
Step 5: other bidder are using described in the detection method verifying relevant to measurement result of single photon initial code state
The authenticity of itself bid price of complainer, if true, then it represents that victor BkBid price MkIt is untrue, and terminate bat
Process is sold, otherwise, indicates victor BkAnd its bid price MkIt is authentic and valid.
The characteristics of confirmation method, lies also in after of the present invention, by the victor BkOr complainer is as being verified
Person, using remaining bidder as verifier；Single photon initial code state detection method relevant to measurement result is by such as
Lower step carries out:
Step A: the authenticatee discloses the coding base that state encodes in the step 2.1；
Step B: itself bid price that the verifier announces according to authenticatee and the key shared with verifier, meter
Calculate corresponding cryptographic Hash；
Step C: cryptographic Hash and disclosed coding base of the verifier according to calculating, verifying is in selection correctly measurement
The correctness of photon survey result under base, if error rate is more than threshold value caused by quantum channel attenuation, then it represents that described to be tested
The bid price of card person is untrue, and terminates auction process；If error rate is no more than threshold value, then it represents that the bid of the authenticatee
Valence is authentic and valid, i.e., auction process is fair.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are embodied in:
1, the present invention uses polarization single photon to realize a kind of rear confirmation that quantum sealed bid is auctioned as quantum resource
Method, this method do not need to prepare stable quantum entanglement resource, to reduce the degree of difficulty of quantum resource preparation.
2, the present invention uses polarization single photon to realize a kind of rear confirmation that quantum sealed bid is auctioned as quantum resource
Method, this method need to only implement simple single photon measurement, any quantum operation not needed, to reduce operation and measurement
Complexity.
3, the present invention uses state coding method, and bidder in monochromatic light subsequence, receives the bid price information coding of promise
After person receives monochromatic light subsequence, random measurement (use real-time random measurement) is carried out to the sequence immediately, directly obtain through
The bit sequence of allusion quotation reduces realization difficulty because of the quantum memory without long-term amount of storage child resource.
4, all bidder in the present invention share a key two-by-two, which can be used to authenticate the identity of other side, i.e.,
It supports authentication, ensure that in auction process, the honesty of each participant.
5, invention introduces hash functions, and the cryptographic Hash after being connect by calculating bid price with shared key is hidden
And the bid price information of bidder is had compressed, thereby reduce communication overhead.
6, the present invention ensure that the safety of bid price using the randomness of state coding and the one-way of hash function.
Specific embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the embodiment.
In the present embodiment, a kind of rear confirmation method of quantum sealed bid auction is to carry out as follows:
Step 1: in an auctioneer Alice and N-1 bidder { B1,B2..., Bj,...,BN- 1 } bat constituted
During selling, any j-th of bidder BjWith i-th of bidder BiShare a key Kij, j, i=1,2 ..., N-1 and i ≠
j；
Before auction starts, any j-th of bidder BjWith i-th of bidder BiPass through quantum-key distribution (QKD) method
The key of a shared 2n long, is denoted as Kij, the key not only can be used to verify j-th of bidder BjWith i-th of bidder Bi
Identity, can also be connected to after bid price, achieve the purpose that protect bid price information；
Step 2: any one bidder sends itself bid price after processing to other all bidder；
Step 2.1: j-th of bidder BjAccording to itself bid price MjWith shared key KijCalculate corresponding cryptographic Hash H
(Mj,Kij), and by cryptographic Hash H (Mj,Kij) binary sequence state coding is carried out under the freedom degree that polarizes, obtain original polarization list
Photon sequence Pji；
MjIt can be denoted as:That is j-th of bidder BjBid price binary system it is long
Degree is 2m, and the hash function H:{ 0,1 of a safety is announced before auction starts }*×{0,1}*→{0,1}d, i.e., j-th throwing
Mark person BjCalculate cryptographic Hash H (Mj,Kij) sequence { h is obtained laterji,1,hji,2,…,hji,d, j-th of bidder BjTo the sequence
State coding is carried out under the freedom degree that polarizes, and obtains original polarization monochromatic light subsequence Pji, it is expressed as { aji,1,aji,2,…,aji,d,
Coding rule is as follows: if hji,r=0, then aji,r=| H > or aji,r=| S >P, r=1,2 ..., d；If hji,r=1, then aji,r=| V
> or aji,r=| A >P；
Step 2.2: j-th of bidder BjIt is random to generate bait photon, and according to shared key KijPreparation certification photon,
It again will certification photon and bait photon insertion original polarization monochromatic light subsequence PjiIn, to obtain new polarization monochromatic light subsequence
P′jiAnd i-th of bidder B is issued by quantum channeli；
(1) j-th of bidder BjAccording to shared key KijPrepare n certification photon, coding rule is as follows:
(2) j-th of bidder BjPrepare p bait photon, the state of this p bait photon is expressed as
Wherein, | φ >P∈{|H>,|V>,|S>P,|A>P},|φ>S∈{|b1>,|b2>,|s>S,|a>S}；
(3) j-th of bidder BjBy ready (n+p) a detection photon radom insertion to original polarization monochromatic light subsequence
PjiIn obtain new sequence P 'ji, insertion position is recorded, finally, j-th of bidder BjBy new sequence P 'jiIt is sent to i-th of bid
Person Bi；
Step 2.3: j-th of bidder BjConfirm i-th of bidder BiReceive new polarization monochromatic light subsequence P 'jiAfterwards, it assists
Help i-th of bidder BiIt is whether safe using bait photon detection quantum channel, if safety, thens follow the steps 2.4；Otherwise, it claps
The process of selling terminates；
I-th of bidder BiAcknowledge receipt of sequence P 'jiAfterwards, j-th of bidder BjIs told by the position of p bait photon
I bidder Bi, i-th of bidder BiFromIt is middle to randomly choose one to measure
All bait photons, then i-th of bidder BiMeasurement base and its corresponding measurement result are issued into j-th of bidder Bj, the
J bidder BjThe measurement result is compared with p bait photon, and calculates error rate, if error rate is higher than threshold value,
Auction process terminates；Otherwise, step 2.4 is executed；
Step 2.4: i-th of bidder BiJ-th of bidder B is verified using certification photonjIdentity, if authenticating successfully,
Execute step 2.5；Otherwise, auction process terminates；
J-th of bidder BjBy n authenticate photon position and first primordium tell i-th of bidder Bi, i-th of bidder
BiIt measures all certification photons and obtains a classical Bit String K 'ijIf K 'ij=Kij, then i-th of bidder BiIt is believed that jth
A bidder BjIt is legal, and quantum channel is safe；
Step 2.5: i-th of bidder BiBy new polarization monochromatic light subsequence P 'jiIn certification photon and bait photon move
It removes, obtains original polarization monochromatic light subsequence Pji, then from measurement base { XP,ZPIn one measurement base of random selection it is original for measuring
Polarize monochromatic light subsequence PjiEach of polarization single photon, and by selected measurement base and its measurement result secret preservation；
Due to i-th of bidder BiKnow new photon sequence P 'jiIn certification photon and bait photon position, therefore the
I bidder BiN certification photon and p bait photon are removed, original photon sequence P is obtainedji, i-th of bidder Bi
Again from measurement base { XP,ZPIn one measuring machine of random selection measure primary photon sequence PjiEach of photon, gained
Measurement result include under correct measurement base and mistake measurement base as a result, all measurement bases and its measurement result secret are protected
It deposits；
Bait photon and its detection method in above step 2 ensure that the safety of quantum channel；Furthermore photon is authenticated
And its shared key ensure that the legal identity of sender and recipient.
Step 3: auctioneer Alice announces victor BkAnd its bid price Mk, k ∈ { 1,2 ..., N-1 }, other bidder benefit
Victor B is verified with single photon initial code state detection method relevant to measurement resultkBid price MkAuthenticity；If testing
Card result be it is true, then follow the steps 4；Otherwise, victor B is indicatedkBid price MkIt is untrue, and terminate auction process；
Auctioneer Alice selects a victor according to all bid prices received, and announces the victor BkAnd its
Bid price Mk, after announcement, other any bidder may be by the inspection relevant to measurement result of single photon initial code state
Survey method validation victor BkBid price MkAuthenticity, if victor BkBid price MkIt is untrue, then it represents that auctioneer
Alice and victor BkDishonest, i.e., the auction process is inequitable, terminates auction process at this time；
Step 4: other bidder verify victor BkBid price MkWhether itself bid price is greater than；If other are submitted a tender
There are victor B for discovery in personkBid price MkThe case where less than itself bid price, then corresponding bidder broadcasts as complainer
One complaint information and itself bid price, and execute step 5；Otherwise, victor B is indicatedkAnd its bid price MkIt is authentic and valid；
Other bidder verify victor BkBid price MkAfter being true, compare its bid price MkWhether it is greater than certainly
The bid price of body, if more than then with no treatment, i.e., it is believed that the victor BkBid price MkAuthenticity, if being less than,
A complaint information is broadcasted, and announces the bid price of itself, and execute step 5；
Step 5: other bidder are complained using the detection method verifying relevant to measurement result of single photon initial code state
The authenticity of itself bid price of person, if true, then it represents that victor BkBid price MkIt is untrue, and terminate and auctioned
Otherwise journey indicates victor BkAnd its bid price MkIt is authentic and valid.
In the present embodiment, a kind of rear confirmation method, is by victor BkOr complainer submits a tender remaining as authenticatee
Person is as verifier；Single photon initial code state detection method relevant to measurement result is to carry out as follows:
Step A: authenticatee discloses the coding base that state encodes in step 2.1；
Other bidder can verify the authenticity of the bid price of victor or complainer, such as first of bidder Bl
Want to verify victor BkBid price MkAuthenticity, then victor BkNeed the coding that state coding is used in open step 21.
Base；
Step B: itself bid price that verifier announces according to authenticatee and the key shared with verifier calculate phase
The cryptographic Hash answered；
First of bidder BlAccording to victor BkThe bid price M of announcementkAnd with victor BkShared key Kkl, calculate
Cryptographic Hash H (Mk,Kkl)；
Step C: cryptographic Hash and disclosed coding base of the verifier according to calculating, verifying is under selection correctly measurement base
The correctness of photon survey result, if error rate is more than threshold value caused by quantum channel attenuation, then it represents that the throwing of authenticatee
It marks the price untrue, and terminates auction process；If error rate is no more than threshold value, then it represents that the bid price of authenticatee is authentic and valid,
I.e. auction process is fair.
In step 2.5, due to first of bidder BlIt can choose XPOr ZPTwo measurement bases measure photon sequence,
So first of bidder BlIt selects and the probability of the same measurement base of initial code base phase is 1/2, in victor BkOpen coding base it
Afterwards, first of bidder BlThe bit that mistake measurement base is measured is abandoned, and in the bit of correct measurement base measurement, if mistake
Bit is more than threshold value, then it represents that the victor BkIt is untrue, and terminate auction process；If error bit is no more than threshold value, table
Show the victor BkIt is really, i.e., auction process is fair.
On the one hand, tester is real-time measurement bidder BkThe bid price information promised to undertake, and BkIt can not guess in advance again
Measurement base that tester will use (because tester be completely random select measurement base), BkIn later open photon
It can not play tricks when the initial state of sequence；On the other hand, because introducing one-way Hash function, even if BkWant change even
Bid price MkIn a digital bit, but its cryptographic Hash will have very big difference, it is different have many bit digitals, therefore rear
Many mistakes certainly will be will appear in the comparison process come, so that the person of being easily detected has found.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of rear confirmation method of quantum sealed bid auction, it is characterized in that carrying out as follows:
Step 1: in an auctioneer Alice and N-1 bidder { B1,B2..., Bj,...,BN-1The auction process that is constituted
In, any j-th of bidder BjWith i-th of bidder BiShare a key Kij, j, i=1,2 ..., N-1 and i ≠ j；
Step 2: any one bidder sends itself bid price after processing to other all bidder；
Step 2.1: j-th of bidder BjAccording to itself bid price MjWith shared key KijCalculate corresponding cryptographic Hash H
(Mj,Kij), and by the cryptographic Hash H (Mj,Kij) binary sequence state coding is carried out under the freedom degree that polarizes, obtain origin pole
Change monochromatic light subsequence Pji；
Step 2.2: j-th of bidder BjIt is random to generate bait photon, and according to the shared key KijPreparation certification
Photon, then the certification photon and bait photon are inserted into the original polarization monochromatic light subsequence PjiIn, to obtain new pole
Change monochromatic light subsequence P 'jiAnd i-th of bidder B is issued by quantum channeli；
Step 2.3: j-th of bidder BjConfirm i-th of bidder BiReceive the new polarization monochromatic light subsequence
P′jiAfterwards, i-th of bidder B is assistediIt is whether safe using quantum channel described in the bait photon detection, if safety,
Execute step 2.4；Otherwise, the auction process terminates；
Step 2.4: i-th of bidder BiJ-th of bidder B is verified using the certification photonjIdentity, if recognizing
It demonstrate,proves successfully, thens follow the steps 2.5；Otherwise, the auction process terminates；
Step 2.5: i-th of bidder BiBy the new polarization monochromatic light subsequence P 'jiIn certification photon and bait light
Son removes, and obtains the original polarization monochromatic light subsequence Pji, then from measurement base { XP,ZPIn random selection one measurement base be used for
Measure the original polarization monochromatic light subsequence PjiEach of polarization single photon, and by selected measurement base and its measurement knot
Fruit secret saves；
Step 3: the auctioneer Alice announces victor BkAnd its bid price Mk, k ∈ { 1,2 ..., N-1 }, other bidder benefit
The victor B is verified with single photon initial code state detection method relevant to measurement resultkBid price MkAuthenticity；
If verification result be it is true, then follow the steps 4；Otherwise, victor B is indicatedkBid price MkIt is untrue, and terminate auction process；
Step 4: other bidder verify victor BkBid price MkWhether itself bid price is greater than；If in other bidder
It was found that there are the victor BkBid price MkThe case where less than itself bid price, then corresponding bidder broadcasts as complainer
One complaint information and itself bid price, and execute step 5；Otherwise, victor B is indicatedkAnd its bid price MkIt is authentic and valid；
Step 5: other bidder verify the complaint using single photon initial code state detection method relevant to measurement result
The authenticity of itself bid price of person, if true, then it represents that victor BkBid price MkIt is untrue, and terminate and auctioned
Otherwise journey indicates victor BkAnd its bid price MkIt is authentic and valid.
2. confirmation method after according to claim 1, characterized in that by the victor BkOr complainer is as being verified
Person, using remaining bidder as verifier；Single photon initial code state detection method relevant to measurement result is by such as
Lower step carries out:
Step A: the authenticatee discloses the coding base that state encodes in the step 2.1；
Step B: itself bid price that the verifier announces according to authenticatee and the key shared with verifier calculate phase
The cryptographic Hash answered；
Step C: cryptographic Hash and disclosed coding base of the verifier according to calculating, verifying is under selection correctly measurement base
The correctness of photon survey result, if error rate is more than threshold value caused by quantum channel attenuation, then it represents that the authenticatee
Bid price it is untrue, and terminate auction process；If error rate is no more than threshold value, then it represents that the bid price of the authenticatee is true
Real effective, i.e., auction process is fair.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710814021.0A CN109495241B (en) | 2017-09-11 | 2017-09-11 | Post-confirmation method for quantum seal bidding auction |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710814021.0A CN109495241B (en) | 2017-09-11 | 2017-09-11 | Post-confirmation method for quantum seal bidding auction |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN109495241A true CN109495241A (en) | 2019-03-19 |
| CN109495241B CN109495241B (en) | 2021-07-30 |
Family
ID=65687607
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710814021.0A Active CN109495241B (en) | 2017-09-11 | 2017-09-11 | Post-confirmation method for quantum seal bidding auction |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN109495241B (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111082937A (en) * | 2020-01-10 | 2020-04-28 | 华北电力大学 | Bidirectional identity authentication method based on single photon |
| CN113538120A (en) * | 2021-08-13 | 2021-10-22 | 华北电力大学 | Anonymous quantum sealing auction method |
| CN113628017A (en) * | 2021-08-13 | 2021-11-09 | 华北电力大学 | Quantum sealed auction method based on quantum public key password |
| CN113660084A (en) * | 2021-08-13 | 2021-11-16 | 华北电力大学 | Quantum sealing auction method without auction trader |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103248478A (en) * | 2013-05-08 | 2013-08-14 | 天津大学 | Multi-party security agreement based sealed electric auction scheme and verification method |
| US20140195366A1 (en) * | 2013-01-10 | 2014-07-10 | Microsoft Corporation | Incremental valuation based network capacity allocation |
| CN105763326A (en) * | 2016-05-09 | 2016-07-13 | 浙江工商大学 | Quantum private comparison method based on five-quantum bit maximally-entangled state |
-
2017
- 2017-09-11 CN CN201710814021.0A patent/CN109495241B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20140195366A1 (en) * | 2013-01-10 | 2014-07-10 | Microsoft Corporation | Incremental valuation based network capacity allocation |
| CN103248478A (en) * | 2013-05-08 | 2013-08-14 | 天津大学 | Multi-party security agreement based sealed electric auction scheme and verification method |
| CN105763326A (en) * | 2016-05-09 | 2016-07-13 | 浙江工商大学 | Quantum private comparison method based on five-quantum bit maximally-entangled state |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| FLORIN LEON: "A quantum-inspired evolutionary algorithm for multi-attribute combinatorial auctions", 《2012 16TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM THEORY, CONTROL AND COMPUTING (ICSTCC)》 * |
| 何立宝: "安全多方量子计算理论与应用研究", 《中国博士学位论文全文数据库》 * |
| 王芳: "量子私有比较与量子拍卖研究", 《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库》 * |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111082937A (en) * | 2020-01-10 | 2020-04-28 | 华北电力大学 | Bidirectional identity authentication method based on single photon |
| CN111082937B (en) * | 2020-01-10 | 2020-10-30 | 华北电力大学 | Bidirectional identity authentication method based on single photon |
| CN113538120A (en) * | 2021-08-13 | 2021-10-22 | 华北电力大学 | Anonymous quantum sealing auction method |
| CN113628017A (en) * | 2021-08-13 | 2021-11-09 | 华北电力大学 | Quantum sealed auction method based on quantum public key password |
| CN113660084A (en) * | 2021-08-13 | 2021-11-16 | 华北电力大学 | Quantum sealing auction method without auction trader |
| CN113660084B (en) * | 2021-08-13 | 2022-05-31 | 华北电力大学 | Quantum sealing auction method without auction trader |
| CN113628017B (en) * | 2021-08-13 | 2023-09-19 | 华北电力大学 | Quantum sealed auction method based on quantum public key cryptography |
| CN113538120B (en) * | 2021-08-13 | 2023-11-03 | 华北电力大学 | Anonymous quantum seal auction method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN109495241B (en) | 2021-07-30 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN109495241A (en) | Post-confirmation method for quantum seal bidding auction | |
| US20190050554A1 (en) | Logo image and advertising authentication | |
| US11444757B2 (en) | Quantum tokens | |
| CN116561789B (en) | Processing method and device of privacy data, electronic equipment and readable storage medium | |
| US20200014703A1 (en) | High throughput secure multi-party computation with identifiable abort | |
| CN105323062A (en) | Mobile terminal digital certificate electronic signature method | |
| JP2017533672A (en) | Method, apparatus, and system for quantum key distribution, privacy amplification, and data transmission | |
| CA2774155A1 (en) | Auction verification | |
| CN107493168B (en) | Quanta identity authentication method and its application method during quantum key distribution | |
| CN103714458A (en) | Two-dimension code-based mobile terminal transaction encryption method | |
| CN104754570B (en) | Key distribution and reconstruction method and device based on mobile internet | |
| Sun et al. | Privacy-preserving verifiable incentive mechanism for online crowdsourcing markets | |
| Wang | Quantum secure direct communication and quantum sealed-bid auction with EPR pairs | |
| Zhang et al. | An economic and feasible Quantum Sealed-bid Auction protocol | |
| Shi | Quantum sealed-bid auction without a trusted third party | |
| US11784822B2 (en) | System and method for transmitting a notification to a network | |
| CN107615797A (en) | A kind of device, method and system of hiding subscriber identity data | |
| WO2010108335A1 (en) | Identity authentication method based on n-dimensional sphere | |
| CN107547199B (en) | Method for realizing forward safety repudiation key exchange protocol for improving network competitive bidding system | |
| Wu et al. | A secure quantum sealed-bid auction protocol based on quantum public key encryption | |
| Wang et al. | A quantum sealed auction protocol based on secret sharing | |
| CN106330877B (en) | It is a kind of to authorize the method and system converted to the SOT state of termination | |
| CN112702159B (en) | Online expert scoring method and system based on block chain | |
| Rao | Paras-A Private NFT Protocol | |
| CN113438562A (en) | Intelligent electric meter data transmission method and system |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |