CN109494558B - 589nm sodium beacon laser of optical fiber laser pumping solid Raman frequency shift - Google Patents

589nm sodium beacon laser of optical fiber laser pumping solid Raman frequency shift Download PDF

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CN109494558B
CN109494558B CN201811172548.9A CN201811172548A CN109494558B CN 109494558 B CN109494558 B CN 109494558B CN 201811172548 A CN201811172548 A CN 201811172548A CN 109494558 B CN109494558 B CN 109494558B
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raman
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盛泉
马汉超
刘璐
史伟
丁欣
姚建铨
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Tianjin University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
    • H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
    • H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
    • H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
    • H01S3/06708—Constructional details of the fibre, e.g. compositions, cross-section, shape or tapering
    • H01S3/06716—Fibre compositions or doping with active elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/30—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range using scattering effects, e.g. stimulated Brillouin or Raman effects

Abstract

The invention provides a 589nm sodium beacon laser of a fiber laser pumping solid Raman frequency shift, wherein a Stokes light resonant cavity mirror is anti-reflection to base frequency light and highly anti-reflection to Stokes light, and two or more Stokes light resonant cavity mirrors form a Stokes light resonant cavity; the fiber fundamental frequency laser light source is of a main vibration-amplification structure or a single oscillator structure, so that the line width of fundamental frequency light is smaller than the line width of Raman frequency shift; the fundamental frequency laser is incident to the Raman crystal, and when the Raman gain is larger than the loss, stimulated Raman scattering occurs under the feedback action of the Stokes light resonant cavity to form Stokes light oscillation; selecting the wavelength of fundamental frequency light according to Raman frequency shift of the Raman crystal, and enabling the wavelength of Stokes light obtained after Raman frequency shift to be 1178.318 nm; combining the non-hole-burning characteristic of the Raman gain to obtain Stokes light of a single longitudinal mode; 1178.318nm Stokes light is frequency-doubled by a frequency doubling crystal to output 589.159nm sodium beacon yellow light.

Description

589nm sodium beacon laser of optical fiber laser pumping solid Raman frequency shift
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of lasers, in particular to a 589nm sodium beacon laser for optical fiber laser pumping solid Raman frequency shift.
Background
The sodium beacon yellow light, also called sodium guide star yellow light, has a wavelength of 589.159nm, corresponds to a narrow-linewidth yellow light source of sodium ion D2 transition, and has important application of no substitution in the field of adaptive optics. At present, the yellow light of the sodium beacon mainly depends on the sum frequency of 1064nm laser and 1319nm laser of a Nd laser and the frequency multiplication of a 1120nm fiber laser pumping fiber Raman laser, and both methods relate to factors such as multistage amplification, gain control and the like, and have complex systems and high technical threshold.
The main Raman frequency shift peak of most crystals is 800-1000cm-1In the range, the most mature 1.06 μm laser can be efficiently frequency shifted to 1.18 μm and further frequency doubled to around 589nm of the sodium beacon wavelength, thus based on the excitation of crystalline mediaRaman Scattering (SRS) shifted solid state raman lasers have long been considered as a potential technical approach to sodium beacon yellow light. However, the 589.159nm single longitudinal mode light source based on the method is not reported all the time, and the reason is mainly due to the following two aspects:
1. the Raman spectrum of the crystal is composed of a plurality of discrete frequency shifts, each spectrum has narrow line width in the order of several wave numbers, so that continuous tuning is difficult to carry out, and in order to accurately align the laser output to the required wavelength, a combination of a specific laser gain medium and a Raman gain medium is forced to be adopted, such as 1062nm fundamental frequency light of Nd: GGG crystal combined with BaWO4925cm of crystal-1Raman frequency shift[1]Or Nd: YVO41064nm fundamental frequency light of crystal is combined with CaWO4910cm of crystal-1Raman frequency shift[2]And due to the limitation of specific crystal combination, the availability, maturity and quality of the crystal are difficult to guarantee, the characteristics of polarization, gain, thermal performance and the like in the laser realization process are difficult to optimize, and the performance of Raman yellow light is limited.
2. The absorption linewidth of the transition of sodium ion D2 is-2 GHz, so that the absorption linewidth can be matched with single longitudinal mode yellow light, but the linewidth is widened in the SRS process of the Raman laser, so that the laser is difficult to obtain narrow linewidth laser output, and in order to realize the single longitudinal mode Raman laser, the single-frequency seed light needs to be subjected to multistage amplification by adopting high-peak pulse fundamental frequency light[3]Or frequency selection using multi-plate internal cavity etalon[1]Large loss, low efficiency, high cost and difficult practicability.
Reference to the literature
[1] A single frequency solid-state raman laser, publication No. CN105552709A, publication No. 2016.05.04.
[2]C.H.Li and Y.C.Huang,Pulsed Intracavity Frequency-doubled CaWO4Raman Laser for Narrow-line Sodium-yellow Radiation,CLEO,JTuD112(2010).
[3] A pulse type high-energy single-frequency 589nm laser based on crystal Raman amplification technology is disclosed in publication No. CN107565361A, published Japanese 2018.01.09.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a 589nm sodium beacon laser of optical fiber laser pumping solid Raman frequency shift, which utilizes the wide gain spectrum characteristic of a doped optical fiber glassy state matrix and combines the SRS frequency shift of a crystal Raman medium to realize a 589.159nm single longitudinal mode sodium beacon laser with narrow line width, and overcomes the problems that the wavelength of the existing solid Raman yellow light source is difficult to tune, the line width is difficult to compress, and therefore the energy level and the absorption bandwidth of the transition of a sodium beacon D2 cannot be accurately matched, and the detailed description is as follows:
a fiber laser pumped solid-state raman shifted 589nm sodium beacon laser, said sodium beacon yellow laser comprising: the device comprises a fiber fundamental frequency laser light source, a Raman crystal, a Stokes light resonant cavity mirror, a frequency doubling crystal and a focusing lens.
The Raman crystal is plated with an antireflection film system for fundamental frequency laser and Stokes light, the frequency doubling crystal is plated with an antireflection film for Stokes light and yellow light, the Stokes light resonant cavity mirror is antireflection for fundamental frequency light and high-reflectivity for Stokes light, and two or more Stokes light resonant cavity mirrors form a Stokes light resonant cavity.
The fiber fundamental frequency laser light source adopts ytterbium (Yb) doped or neodymium (Nd) doped active fiber, and due to the characteristic of a glass state matrix of the fiber, the active fiber can provide higher gain in a wider range near an emission peak of 1.06 mu m, so that the output wavelength of fundamental frequency laser can be tuned through frequency selection measures; fundamental laser is incident to the Raman crystal to generate Raman gain, the Raman gain is increased along with the power rise of the fundamental laser, and when the gain is larger than loss, Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) is generated under the feedback action of the Stokes light resonant cavity to form Stokes light oscillation; selecting fundamental wavelength according to the type (Raman frequency shift) of the Raman crystal, and enabling the Stokes wavelength obtained after Raman frequency shift to be 1178.318 nm; the method comprises the following steps of enabling the line width of fundamental frequency light to be smaller than the line width of Raman frequency shift (no single longitudinal mode is needed, only the line width of the fundamental frequency light is smaller than the Raman line width) through seed source line width control (such as an optical fiber fundamental frequency laser light source is of a main vibration-amplification structure) or optical fiber grating bandwidth control (such as an optical fiber fundamental frequency laser light source is of a single oscillator structure), and obtaining Stokes light of the single longitudinal mode due to the non-hole-burning characteristic of SRS gain; 1178.318nm Stokes light is frequency-doubled by the frequency doubling crystal to obtain the required 589.159nm sodium beacon yellow light output.
The optical fiber fundamental frequency laser light source can adopt a main vibration-amplification structure, the output wavelength tuning is realized by changing the seed source wavelength, and the wavelength tuning can also be realized by adopting a single oscillator structure and grating or other dispersive elements.
The raman crystal may be: BaWO4(barium tungstate), vanadate, and the like are commonly used as raman crystals.
The frequency doubling crystal may be: LBO (lithium triborate), BBO (barium metaborate), PPLN (periodically poled lithium niobate) and other common nonlinear crystals in this band.
The tunable fiber fundamental frequency laser light source can be: continuous wave, modulation, Q-switched pulse, etc.
The technical scheme provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the invention utilizes the characteristic that Yb-doped or Nd-doped optical fiber has wider gain spectrum at 1.06 mu m, realizes the accurate matching of frequency doubling Raman yellow light wavelength and sodium beacon wavelength 589.159nm through the wavelength tuning of fundamental frequency light, and overcomes the defect that the output wavelength of the existing solid Raman laser is difficult to tune and match the required wavelength;
2) the Stokes light of a single longitudinal mode is obtained by utilizing the characteristic of no hole burning of SRS gain, so that the narrow yellow spectrum is widened, and the matching with the absorption bandwidth of a sodium beacon is realized;
3) compared with the prior art of sodium beacon yellow light, the invention avoids the requirement on a single longitudinal mode of fundamental laser, thereby having simple structure and economic cost;
4) the SRS frequency conversion process is a space light path, an inner cavity frequency doubling mode can be adopted, and the conversion efficiency is high.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a 589nm sodium beacon laser for fiber laser pumped solid raman frequency shift provided by the present invention;
fig. 2 is another schematic structural diagram of a fiber laser pumped solid-state raman-shifted 589nm sodium beacon laser provided by the present invention.
In fig. 1, the list of components represented by the various reference numbers is as follows:
1-1: a fundamental frequency laser seed source; 1-2: an optical fiber amplification stage;
2: raman crystal BaWO4(ii) a 3-1: a first stokes cavity mirror;
3-2: a second stokes cavity mirror; 4: frequency doubling crystal LBO;
5: a focusing lens.
In fig. 2, the list of components represented by the various reference numbers is as follows:
1: a fundamental frequency laser;
2: raman crystal YVO4(ii) a 3-1: a first stokes cavity mirror;
3-2: a second stokes cavity mirror; 4: frequency doubling crystals PPLN;
5-1: a first focusing lens; 5-2: a second focusing lens.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below.
Example 1:
the embodiment of the invention provides a 589nm sodium beacon laser for optical fiber laser pumping solid Raman frequency shift, which comprises: a fundamental frequency laser seed source 1-1, an optical fiber amplification stage 1-2, a Raman crystal BaWO 42. A first Stokes cavity mirror 3-1, a second Stokes cavity mirror 3-2, a frequency doubling crystal LBO 4 and a focusing lens 5;
wherein, the fundamental frequency laser seed source 1-1 is a semiconductor laser coupled by a single mode fiber, the wavelength can be tuned in the range of 1060-; the optical fiber amplification stage 1-2 adopts Yb-doped optical fiber as active optical fiber, and the fundamental frequency laser seed source 1-1 and the optical fiber amplification stage 1-2 form a fundamental frequency laser light source (namely, a fundamental frequency laser 1); the first Stokes cavity mirrors 3-1 are plated with fundamental frequency laser antireflection, Stokes light high-reflection and 589nm yellow light high-reflection film systems; the second Stokes cavity mirror 3-2 is plated with a Stokes light high-reflection 589nm yellow light antireflection film system, the curvature radius of the first Stokes cavity mirror 3-1 and the curvature radius of the second Stokes cavity mirror 3-2 are both 100mm, and the two form a resonant cavity with the length of 190 mm. Two or more Stokes light resonant cavity mirrors form a Stokes light resonant cavity.
Raman crystal BaWO42 is a cut, and the specification is 4 multiplied by 20mm3Plating fundamental laser, Stokes light and yellow light antireflection film systems; the frequency doubling crystal LBO 4 is theta 90 DEG,
Figure BDA0001822905140000041
Cutting to 4 × 4 × 10mm3Plating fundamental laser, Stokes light and yellow light antireflection film systems, and heating to 41 ℃ to meet the non-critical phase matching condition; the focal length of the focusing lens 5 is 100mm, and a fundamental frequency laser antireflection film system is plated.
Due to the characteristics of the glass matrix of the optical fiber, the active optical fiber can provide gain in a wide range near an emission peak of 1.06 mu m, so that the output wavelength of fundamental laser can be tuned through frequency selection measures; fundamental frequency laser incidence Raman crystal BaWO4And 2, generating Raman gain, wherein the Raman gain is increased along with the rise of the power of the fundamental frequency laser, and when the gain is larger than the loss, the Raman gain generates Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) under the feedback action of the Stokes light resonant cavity to form Stokes light oscillation. The fundamental wavelength is selected according to the type of raman crystal (raman shift).
When the Raman crystal BaWO is specifically realized42 has a Raman main peak frequency shift of 925cm-1Therefore, the wavelength of the tuning fundamental frequency laser seed source 1-1 is 1062.51nm, 1062.51nm fundamental frequency laser amplified by the optical fiber amplification stage 1-2 enters the Raman crystal BaWO after being focused by the focusing lens 54And 2, 1178.318nm Stokes light is generated after the SRS threshold value is exceeded, the Stokes light oscillates in a resonant cavity formed by the first Stokes cavity mirror 3-1 and the second Stokes cavity mirror 3-2, and due to the non-hole burning characteristic of Raman gain, the Stokes light runs in a single longitudinal mode and is frequency-doubled by a frequency doubling crystal LBO 4 to generate 589.159nm single-frequency sodium beacon yellow light.
In summary, the embodiments of the present invention have the advantages that the fundamental laser light source adopts a main vibration-amplification structure, the wavelength tuning is simply implemented by controlling the wavelength of the seed light, the frequency doubling process adopts an inner cavity structure (i.e. the frequency doubling crystal LBO 4 is disposed in the stokes light resonant cavity), and the conversion efficiency is high.
Example 2:
the embodiment of the invention provides a 589nm sodium beacon laser for optical fiber laser pumping solid Raman frequency shift, which comprises: fundamental frequency laser 1 and Raman crystal YVO42. A first Stokes cavity mirror 3-1, a second Stokes cavity mirror 3-2, a frequency doubling crystal PPLN 4, a first focusing lens 5-1, and a second focusing lens 5-2.
The fundamental frequency laser 1 uses a laser oscillator with Nd-doped optical fiber as a gain medium, selects a narrow-band fiber grating to ensure that the line width of fundamental laser is less than 0.1nm, and can tune the wavelength of the fundamental laser through the stress and temperature control of the fiber grating; the first Stokes cavity mirrors 3-1 are plated with fundamental frequency laser anti-reflection and Stokes light high-reflection film systems; the second Stokes cavity mirror 3-2 is plated with a Stokes light partial output film system, the curvature radius of the first Stokes cavity mirror 3-1 and the curvature radius of the second Stokes cavity mirror 3-2 are both 100mm, and the two form a resonant cavity with the length of 190 mm; raman crystal YVO 42 is a cut, and the specification is 4 multiplied by 20mm3Plating a fundamental frequency laser and Stokes light anti-reflection film system; the specification of the frequency doubling crystal PPLN 4 is 1 multiplied by 2 multiplied by 20mm3The polarization period is 9.45 mu m, and the anti-reflection film system of Stokes light and yellow light is plated; the focal length of the first focusing lens 5-1 is 100mm, and a fundamental frequency laser antireflection film system is plated; the focal length of the second focusing lens 5-2 is 100mm, and a Stokes light antireflection film system is plated.
Raman crystal YVO 42 Raman main peak frequency shift of 890cm-1Therefore, the wavelength of fundamental frequency light is selected to be 1066.48nm through the temperature or stress control of the fiber bragg grating, and 1066.48nm fundamental frequency laser enters the Raman crystal YVO after being focused by the first focusing lens 5-142, generating 1178.318nm Stokes light after exceeding the SRS threshold value, oscillating in a resonant cavity formed by the first Stokes cavity mirror 3-1 and the second Stokes cavity mirror 3-2, outputting through the second Stokes cavity mirror 3-2, generating the Stokes light which runs in a single longitudinal mode when the line width of the fundamental frequency laser is smaller than the Raman line width of the Raman crystal due to the non-hole burning characteristic of the Raman gain,the output 1178.318nm single-frequency Stokes light enters the frequency doubled crystal PPLN 4 through the focusing of the second focusing lens 5-2, and the frequency doubling generates 589.159nm single-frequency sodium beacon yellow light.
In summary, the embodiments of the present invention have the advantages that the fundamental frequency laser light source is designed by a single oscillator, and the structure is simple and the cost is low; in the frequency doubling process, external cavity quasi-phase matching is adopted for single-pass frequency doubling (namely, single-frequency Stokes light is focused by the second focusing lens 5-2 and enters the frequency doubling crystal PPLN 4 with extremely large effective nonlinear coefficient outside the Stokes light resonant cavity), the efficiency is high, and the structure is stable.
Example 3
In the above embodiments 1 and 2, the active fiber of the fundamental laser light source 1 may be a Yb-doped fiber or a Nd-doped fiber, as long as it can provide a wider gain around 1.06 μm, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present invention.
Correspondingly, the raman crystal 2 may be BaWO4Or YVO4May also be CaWO4、BaNO3、GdVO4The frequency shift of the equinormal Raman main peak is 900cm-1When the nearby raman crystal is specifically implemented, the wavelength of the fundamental frequency light may be selected according to the frequency shift of the raman crystal, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present invention.
The frequency doubling crystal 4 may be an LBO crystal, a PPLN crystal, or other common nonlinear crystals such as BBO and KTP, and in a specific implementation, the embodiment of the present invention is not limited thereto.
In summary, the embodiments of the present invention aim to solve the problem that the wavelength and the line width of the current solid raman yellow laser are difficult to match with the requirements of the sodium beacon, and the present invention adopts the fiber laser with a wide gain spectrum as the fundamental laser light source, and combines the solid raman frequency conversion without hole burning, so as to realize the single longitudinal mode sodium beacon yellow light with the wavelength of 589.159nm, thereby meeting the requirements in practical applications.
In the embodiment of the present invention, except for the specific description of the model of each device, the model of other devices is not limited, as long as the device can perform the above functions.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the drawings are only schematic illustrations of preferred embodiments, and the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely provided for description and do not represent the merits of the embodiments.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims (4)

1. A589 nm sodium beacon laser of optical fiber laser pumping solid Raman frequency shift is characterized in that,
the Stokes light resonant cavity mirror is anti-reflection to the fundamental frequency light and highly anti-reflection to the Stokes light, and two or more Stokes light resonant cavity mirrors form a Stokes light resonant cavity;
the fiber fundamental frequency laser light source is of a main vibration-amplification structure or a single oscillator structure, the output fundamental frequency laser wavelength is tunable, and the spectral line width is smaller than the spectral line width of Raman frequency shift of the Raman crystal;
the fundamental frequency laser is incident to the Raman crystal, and when the Raman gain is larger than the loss, stimulated Raman scattering occurs under the feedback action of the Stokes light resonant cavity to form Stokes light oscillation; selecting the wavelength of fundamental frequency light according to the Raman frequency shift of the Raman crystal to obtain the wavelength of Stokes light of 1178.318nm after the Raman frequency shift;
due to the non-hole-burning characteristic of the Raman gain, 1178.318nm Stokes light generated when the line width of the fundamental frequency laser is smaller than that of the Raman crystal is a single longitudinal mode; 1178.318nm Stokes light is frequency-doubled by a frequency doubling crystal to output 589.159nm sodium beacon yellow light;
the main vibration-amplification structure is a fundamental frequency laser light source composed of a fundamental frequency laser seed source and an optical fiber amplification stage: the fundamental frequency laser seed source is a semiconductor laser coupled by a single mode fiber, and the optical fiber amplifier stage adopts an ytterbium-doped or neodymium-doped active optical fiber;
the wavelength of the semiconductor laser can be tuned in the range of 1060-;
the single oscillator structure includes: a fundamental frequency laser;
the fundamental frequency laser uses a laser oscillator which takes ytterbium-doped or neodymium-doped fiber as a gain medium, selects a narrow-band fiber grating to ensure that the line width of fundamental frequency laser is less than 0.1nm, and controls and tunes the wavelength of the fundamental frequency laser through the stress and the temperature of the fiber grating.
2. The fiber laser pumped solid state raman shifted 589nm sodium beacon laser of claim 1, wherein the raman crystal is: barium tungstate, or vanadate.
3. The fiber laser pumped solid-state raman shifted 589nm sodium beacon laser of claim 1, wherein the frequency doubling crystal is: lithium triborate, barium metaborate, or periodically poled lithium niobate.
4. The fiber laser pumped solid-state raman shifted 589nm sodium beacon laser of claim 1, wherein the fiber fundamental laser source is: continuous wave, modulated, or Q-switched pulsed operation.
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