CN109488281B - Indoor overburden separation layer deformation detection device and evaluation method thereof - Google Patents
Indoor overburden separation layer deformation detection device and evaluation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of rock deformation detection, and discloses an indoor overburden separation layer deformation detection device and an evaluation method thereof, wherein the device comprises: the device comprises a coal seam bottom plate, a coal seam, rock stratum similar materials, a gravity loading device, a plurality of thin steel plates, a plurality of hook-shaped devices, a plurality of strain gauges, a plurality of displacement meters, a camera, a data processing device and a computer, wherein the plurality of thin steel plates are arranged among key layers in the rock stratum similar materials and rock strata below the key layers, and the plurality of strain gauges and the plurality of displacement meters are respectively connected with the data processing device through leads; the indoor overburden separation layer deformation detection device and the evaluation method thereof can directly calculate the tensile strength of the rock stratum, can evaluate the application effect of the device, are relatively low in difficulty, are convenient to implement and have certain guiding significance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rock deformation detection, in particular to an indoor overburden separation layer deformation detection device and an evaluation method thereof.
Background
After underground coal mining, the original stress balance of the overlying rock mass in the mining area is destroyed, so that the rock mass is deformed, displaced and destroyed, and along with the continuous increase of the mining range, the influence is developed to the ground, so that the earth surface moves, deforms and collapses along with the earth surface. The overburden rock moving and damaging process comprises four stages, namely a deformation stage, a separation stage, a fracture stage and a collapse stage. In the four stages, the separation stage plays a key role in the mining subsidence process, and the generation of the separation marks that the goaf space is transferred in overlying strata. And the damage degree of overlying strata at different positions is different, the damage of the top plate of the goaf is the most serious, the rock mass at the lower part of the earth surface is basically only in a deformation stage, the damage degree is gradually reduced from bottom to top, and the main reason of the phenomenon is the separation. Therefore, when researching the mining subsidence law, further research on development and evolution law of mining overburden bed separation is necessary.
In the process of moving the overlying strata, factors such as mechanical properties and layer thickness of rock bodies of each layer of the overlying strata can have great influence on the overlying strata. In the process of researching mechanical parameters of various rocks, mechanical properties of the rocks under the action of tensile stress are relatively rarely researched due to the limitation of relevant geological conditions and the like. In the prior art, the tensile strength of the rock is mainly researched through a rock test piece, the tensile strength is usually measured by adopting a Brazilian disc splitting test, the related research on the ultimate tensile strength of the whole rock stratum when the separation occurs under the influence of mining is less, and a great error also exists in the value measured by the Brazilian disc splitting test. For the research of the ultimate tensile strength of the whole rock stratum, a new technical method needs to be found, so that the mechanical failure process of the rock stratum during separation can be more intuitively reflected, and the research has more guiding significance for actual mining.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an indoor overburden separation layer deformation detection device and an evaluation method thereof, which can solve the problems in the prior art.
The invention provides an indoor overburden separation layer deformation detection device, which comprises: the device comprises a coal seam bottom plate, a coal seam, a rock stratum similar material, a gravity loading device, a plurality of thin steel plates, a plurality of hook-shaped devices, a plurality of strain gauges, a plurality of displacement meters, a camera, a data processing device and a computer, wherein the coal seam is arranged on the coal seam bottom plate, the rock stratum similar material is arranged above the coal seam, the gravity loading device is arranged above the rock stratum similar material, the thin steel plates are arranged between each key layer in the rock stratum similar material and a rock stratum below the key layer, the length and the width of each thin steel plate are the same as those of the rock stratum similar material, each thin steel plate is fixedly provided with the hook-shaped devices, and the thin steel plates are fixed with the rock stratum similar material through the hook-shaped devices so as to enable the thin steel plates and the rock stratum similar material to synchronously move; each thin steel plate is provided with a plurality of strain gauges, each strain gauge is used for measuring the strain value of the rock stratum from sinking to penetrating cracks or breaking, and a plurality of displacement meters are used for detecting the deformation of the rock stratum caused by disturbance sinking; the plurality of strain gauges and the plurality of displacement meters are respectively connected with the data processing device through leads; the camera is used for recording the excavation degree of the coal seam and the sinking condition of the rock stratum similar material; the data processing device is used for receiving the real-time data of the strain gauges and the displacement meters, and the computer is used for analyzing the gravity of the gravity loading device, the real-time data received by the data processing device and the record of the camera to obtain the ultimate tensile strength of the rock stratum similar material.
The rock stratum similar material comprises a direct roof, a basic roof, a plurality of rock strata and a plurality of key layers which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, the plurality of rock strata and the plurality of key layers which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, and the plurality of rock strata and the plurality of key layers which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, wherein the first rock stratum, the first key layer, the second rock stratum, the second key layer, the third rock stratum, the third key layer and the loose layer are sequentially arranged, the thin steel plates are three and comprise a first thin steel plate, a second thin steel plate and a third thin steel plate, the first thin steel plate is arranged between the first rock stratum and the first key layer, the second thin steel plate is arranged between the second rock stratum and the second key layer, the third thin steel plate is arranged between the third rock stratum and the third key layer, the displacement meters are four and comprise a first displacement meter, a second displacement meter, a third displacement meter and a fourth displacement meter, the first displacement meter is arranged at the bottom of the first rock stratum, the second displacement meter is arranged at the bottom of the first key layer, the third displacement meter is positioned at the bottom of the second key layer, and the fourth displacement meter is positioned at the bottom of the third key layer.
The adjacent two thin steel plates are connected through an elastic rope, and the strain gauges are arranged below the thin steel plates and are positioned in the middle and at two sides of the thin steel plates.
The hook-shaped device consists of a cylinder and four L-shaped hooks, the four L-shaped hooks are uniformly distributed on the axial side surface of the upper part of the cylinder in an angle of 90 degrees respectively, the lower end of the cylinder is fixedly connected with the thin steel plate, and the four L-shaped hooks are embedded in rock stratum similar materials.
The camera is a high-definition camera, the gravity loading device is made of steel materials, and the gravity loading device can pressurize materials similar to rock strata to simulate a gravity environment.
An evaluation method of an indoor overburden separation layer deformation detection device comprises the following steps:
s1, after a certain force load is applied to the rock stratum similar material from the upper part through the gravity loading device, the rock stratum similar material is compressed and consolidated, and a gravity environment under real geological conditions is simulated;
s2, excavating the coal seam at a constant speed, and observing and recording the motion change condition of the overburden similar material through a camera;
s3, detecting the movement and deformation of the rock stratum similar material through a plurality of displacement meters and a plurality of strain gauges, and recording the movement transmission time of the rock stratum similar material and the coal seam excavation degree through a camera;
and S4, calculating the ultimate tensile strength value of the rock stratum similar material through the data processing device and the computer, comparing the calculated ultimate tensile strength value with the actual value of the ultimate tensile strength value by the computer, and when the ultimate tensile strength value is closer to the actual value of the ultimate tensile strength value, the better the application effect of the indoor overburden separation layer deformation detection device is.
The specific method for detecting the movement and deformation of the rock formation similar material in the step S3 is as follows: when the rock stratum motion is transmitted to the rock stratum one, the displacement meter of the rock stratum one time has a reading change, and the change of the strain value of the displacement meter is recorded until the rock stratum motion penetrates through the fracture; when the indication change of the displacement meter below the key layer occurs, namely the key layer is bent and sunk, the second rock stratum is sunk, and the strain values of the first key layer and the second rock stratum are recorded until the first rock stratum and the second rock stratum generate through cracks; when the indication number of the displacement meter under the second key layer changes, namely the second key layer begins to bend and sink, the third rock stratum sinks, and strain values of the second key layer and the third rock stratum are recorded until a through fracture is generated; when the indication number of the displacement meter under the third key layer changes, namely the third key layer starts to generate bending and sinking, the strain value of the third key layer is recorded until the third key layer generates through cracks.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
firstly, the tensile strength of the rock stratum can be directly solved through an indoor similar simulation experiment, the relative difficulty is low, the implementation is convenient, and certain guiding significance is realized; secondly, when the rock strata are broken in sequence, the change rule of the analyzed time and the coal seam mining degree is favorable for the safe prevention and treatment of the overlying rock strata; thirdly, the invention can evaluate the application effect of the device by comparing the calculated ultimate tensile strength value with the real value of the rock stratum.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating the development of a key layer lower separation layer of an overlying strata in an indoor overburden separation layer deformation detection device according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an indoor overburden bed separation deformation detection device according to the present invention during a key bed bottom separation development process of an overburden bed;
FIG. 3 is an axonometric view of a thin steel plate in the indoor overburden separation layer deformation detection device according to the invention;
fig. 4 is a side view of a thin steel plate in the indoor overburden separation layer deformation detection device according to the invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1-coal bed bottom plate, 2-coal bed, 3-direct roof, 4-basic roof, 5-rock stratum I, 6-key layer I, 7-rock stratum II, 8-key layer II, 9-rock stratum III, 10-key layer III, 11-loose layer, 12-gravity loading device, 13-caving rock, 14-separation space, 15-thin steel plate, 16-hook device, 17-strain gauge, 18-lead and 19-data processing device.
Detailed Description
An embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but it should be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited to the embodiment.
As shown in fig. 1 and 4, an indoor overburden deformation detection device provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes: the device comprises a coal seam floor 1, a coal seam 2, a rock stratum similar material, a gravity loading device 12, a plurality of thin steel plates 15, a plurality of hook-shaped devices 16, a plurality of strain gauges 17, a plurality of displacement meters, a camera, a data processing device 19 and a computer, wherein the coal seam 2 is arranged on the coal seam floor 1, the rock stratum similar material is arranged above the coal seam 2, the gravity loading device 12 is arranged above the rock stratum similar material, the plurality of thin steel plates 15 are arranged between each key layer in the rock stratum similar material and a rock stratum below the key layer, the length and width of each thin steel plate 15 are the same as those of the rock stratum similar material, the hook-shaped devices 16 are fixed on each thin steel plate 15, and the thin steel plates 15 are fixed with the rock stratum similar material through the hook-shaped devices 16 so that the thin steel plates 15 and the rock stratum similar material synchronously move; each thin steel plate 15 is provided with a plurality of strain gauges 17, each strain gauge 17 is used for measuring the value of strain when a rock stratum sinks to a through crack or is broken, and a plurality of displacement meters are used for detecting the deformation of the rock stratum caused by disturbance sinking; the strain gauges 17 and the displacement meters are respectively connected with a data processing device 19 through leads 18; the camera is used for recording the excavation degree of the coal seam 2 and the sinking condition of the rock stratum similar material; the data processing device 19 is used for receiving the real-time data of the strain gauges 17 and the displacement meters, and the computer is used for analyzing the gravity of the gravity loading device 12, the real-time data received by the data processing device 19 and the record of the camera to obtain the ultimate tensile strength of the rock stratum similar material.
As shown in fig. 2, the rock stratum similar material comprises a direct roof 3, a basic roof 4, a plurality of rock strata and a plurality of key layers which are arranged in sequence from bottom to top, the plurality of rock strata and the plurality of key layers which are arranged in sequence comprise a rock stratum I5, a key layer I6, a rock stratum II 7, a key layer II 8, a rock stratum III 9, a key layer III 10 and a loose layer 11, the thin steel plates 15 are three and comprise a thin steel plate I, a thin steel plate II and a thin steel plate III, the thin steel plate I is arranged between the rock stratum I5 and the key layer I6, the thin steel plate II is arranged between the rock stratum II 7 and the key layer II 8, the thin steel plate III is arranged between the rock stratum III 9 and the key layer III 10, the four displacement meters comprise a first displacement meter, a second displacement meter, a third displacement meter and a fourth displacement meter, the first displacement meter is arranged at the bottom of the rock stratum I5, the second displacement meter is located at the bottom of the first critical layer 6, the third displacement meter is located at the bottom of the second critical layer 8, and the fourth displacement meter is located at the bottom of the third critical layer 10.
As shown in fig. 4, the plurality of thin steel plates 15 are connected by elastic cords, and the strain gauge 17 is disposed under the thin steel plate 15 and on the middle and both sides of the thin steel plate 15.
The thin steel plate 15 is a very thin rectangular steel plate with high elasticity, so that a strain gauge can be conveniently installed, the direct stretching process of the rock stratum can be observed, and the ultimate tensile strength of the rock stratum can be recorded.
The hook-shaped device 16 comprises a cylinder and four L-shaped hooks, the four L-shaped hooks are respectively and uniformly distributed on the circumferential side surface of the upper part of the cylinder at 90 degrees, the lower end of the cylinder is fixedly connected with a thin steel plate 15, and the four L-shaped hooks are embedded in rock stratum similar materials.
The camera is a high-definition camera, the gravity loading device is made of steel materials, and the gravity loading device can pressurize the similar simulated rock stratum on the lower layer to simulate a gravity environment.
The use method and the working principle are as follows:
in the control system, rock stratum similar materials comprise a coal seam 2, a key layer, a unconsolidated layer 11 and other rock strata, and can simulate the phenomena of sinking, cracking and caving of the direct roof when the coal seam 2 is gradually mined; the gravity loading device 12 applies a certain force load to the rock stratum to simulate the gravity environment under the real geological condition; the thin steel plate 15 is composed of three same steel plates, the steel plates are connected through elastic ropes, so that strain gauges 17 can be conveniently installed, the length and the width of the thin steel plate 15 are kept consistent with those of rock strata, and the thin steel plate 15 is connected with a key layer and soft rock through a hook-shaped device 16 and can keep synchronous movement; the top of the hook-shaped device 16 consists of L-shaped hooks, the four hooks are uniformly distributed on the top of a cylinder at 90 degrees, and the lower part of the hook-shaped device is connected with a steel plate through the cylinder; the strain gauge 17 is arranged below the thin steel plate 15, is respectively positioned in the middle and two sides of the steel plate and is used for measuring the value of strain when the rock stratum sinks to a through crack or breaks; the displacement meters are respectively arranged among the rock strata and are used for detecting the deformation of the rock strata caused by disturbance sinking; the data processing device 19 analyzes the data generated by the strain gauges 17 at different times to obtain the ultimate tensile strength of the target rock formation.
An evaluation method of an indoor overburden separation layer deformation detection device comprises the following steps:
s1, after a certain force load is applied to the rock stratum similar material from the upper part through the gravity loading device, the rock stratum similar material is compressed and consolidated, and a gravity environment under real geological conditions is simulated;
s2, excavating the coal seam 2 at a constant speed, and observing and recording the motion change condition of similar materials of the overlying strata through a camera;
s3, detecting the movement and deformation of the rock stratum similar materials at different rock stratum positions through a plurality of displacement meters and a plurality of strain gauges 17, and recording the movement transmission time of the rock stratum similar materials and the coal seam excavation degree through a camera;
s4, calculating the ultimate tensile strength value of the rock stratum similar material through the data processing device 19 and the computer, comparing the calculated ultimate tensile strength value with the real value thereof by the computer, and when the ultimate tensile strength value is closer to the real value thereof, the better the application effect of the indoor overburden separation layer deformation detection device is.
The specific process of detecting the movement and deformation of the rock formation similar material in the step S3 is as follows: when the rock stratum movement is transmitted to the rock stratum one 5, the displacement meter under the rock stratum one 5 shows a numerical change, and the change of the strain value of the displacement meter is recorded until a through fracture is generated; when the indication number of the displacement meter under the first key layer 6 changes, namely the first key layer 6 bends and sinks, and the second rock stratum 7 sinks along with the first key layer 6, the strain values of the first key layer 6 and the second rock stratum 7 are recorded until a through fracture is generated; when the indication number of the displacement meter under the second key layer 8 changes, namely the second key layer 8 begins to bend and sink, the third rock stratum 9 sinks along with the second key layer, and strain values of the second key layer 8 and the third rock stratum 9 are recorded until a through fracture is generated; when the index change of the displacement gauge under the critical layer three 10 occurs, i.e. the critical layer three 10 starts to bend and sink, the strain value of the critical layer three 10 starts to be recorded until it generates a through crack.
The use method and the working principle are as follows:
(1) according to the requirements of experimental design, a similar simulation experiment model is established, in the process, the thin steel plate is fixed in the corresponding rock stratum, and the strain gauge is connected with the data processing device through a lead;
the thin steel plate is connected with the corresponding rock stratum through the hook-shaped device, the steel plate can sink or move horizontally along with the rock stratum, and the steel plate cannot be damaged in the moving process.
(2) After a certain force load is applied to the whole rock stratum from the upper part, the rock stratum is compressed and consolidated, and the gravity environment under the real geological condition can be simulated.
(3) And starting to excavate the coal bed at a constant speed, observing the movement change of the overlying strata, preparing for measurement at any time, shooting the whole strata change process by a high-definition camera according to requirements, and recording the change of the strata.
(4) Observing the deformation of each rock stratum through a displacement meter and recording time, and recording the time when rock stratum motion is transmitted to each rock stratum and the coal seam excavation degree by using a computer;
when the advancing distance of the coal seam is 0.6m and the recording time is 30min, the displacement meter of the first rock stratum 5 shows 2cm, namely the overlying strata motion is transmitted to the first rock stratum 5; when the advancing distance of the coal seam 2 is 0.8m and the recording time is 40min, the displacement meter of the first key layer 6 shows 1cm, namely the first key layer 6 begins to sink; when the advancing distance of the coal seam 2 is 1.3m and the recording time is 65min, the displacement meter of the second key layer 8 shows 1cm, namely the second key layer 8 begins to sink; when the advancing distance of the coal seam 2 is 1.8m and the recording time is 90min, the displacement meter of the key layer three 10 shows 2cm, namely, the key layer three 10 begins to sink.
(5) When the rock stratum movement is transmitted to the rock stratum one 5, the displacement meter under the rock stratum one 5 shows a numerical change, and the change of the strain value of the displacement meter is recorded until a through fracture is generated; when the indication number of the displacement meter under the first key layer 6 changes, namely the first key layer 6 bends and sinks, and the second rock stratum 7 sinks along with the first key layer 6, the strain values of the first key layer 6 and the second rock stratum 7 are recorded until a through fracture is generated; when the indication number of the displacement meter under the second key layer 8 changes, namely the second key layer 8 begins to bend and sink, the third rock stratum 9 sinks along with the second key layer, and strain values of the second key layer 8 and the third rock stratum 9 are recorded until a through fracture is generated; when the index change of the displacement gauge under the critical layer three 10 occurs, i.e. the critical layer three 10 starts to bend and sink, the strain value of the critical layer three 10 starts to be recorded until it generates a through crack.
Through each time point of high definition camera control stratum motion, when reacing each stratum and breaking and the time law between the coal seam mining degree: when the coal seam advancing distance is 0.9m and the recording time is 45min, a through fracture appears in the first rock stratum 5; with the increase of the advancing distance of the coal seam, the separation space 14 between the first rock stratum 5 and the first key stratum 6 is larger and larger, and when the advancing distance of the coal seam is 1.5m and the recording time is 75min, the first key stratum 6 is collapsed; from when the coal seam advance distance was 1.6m and the recording time was 80min, a through fracture appeared in the rock formation 2; when the coal seam advancing distance is 2.0m and the recording time is 100min, the second key layer 8 collapses; when the advancing distance of the coal seam is 2.1m and the recording time is 105min, a through fracture appears in the third rock stratum 9; when the coal seam advancing distance is 2.4m and the recording time is 120min, the collapse occurs in the third key layer 10.
(6) The ultimate tensile strength of each rock stratum is accurately calculated through the data processing device, and then the ultimate tensile strength value calculated by each rock stratum is compared with the actual value of the ultimate tensile strength value, so that the application effect of the device is evaluated. The results are given in the following table:
table 1 evaluation of tensile strength effect measured by the apparatus in example 1
The principle of the calculation formula of the data processing device is as follows:
σ＝E×ε
ε -the strain value of the strain gage on the formation;
e-the elastic modulus of the formation;
σ — the stress value of the formation.
Fb-the tensile strength of the formation;
a-the cross-sectional area of the formation.
According to the method, the change rule of the time and the coal seam mining degree when the rock strata sequentially generate the through fractures can be analyzed.
Firstly, the tensile strength of the rock stratum can be directly solved through an indoor similar simulation experiment, the relative difficulty is low, the implementation is convenient, and certain guiding significance is realized; secondly, when the rock strata are broken in sequence, the change rule of the analyzed time and the coal seam mining degree is favorable for the safe prevention and treatment of the overlying rock strata; thirdly, the invention can evaluate the application effect of the device by comparing the calculated ultimate tensile strength value with the real value of the rock stratum.
The above disclosure is only for a few specific embodiments of the present invention, however, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any variations that can be made by those skilled in the art are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides an indoor overburden separation layer detection device that warp which characterized in that includes: a coal seam bottom plate (1), a coal seam (2), rock stratum similar materials, a gravity loading device (12), a plurality of thin steel plates (15), a plurality of hook-shaped devices (16), a plurality of strain gauges (17), a plurality of displacement meters, a camera, a data processing device (19) and a computer, the coal seam (2) is arranged on a coal seam bottom plate (1), the rock stratum similar material is arranged above the coal seam (2), the gravity loading device (12) is arranged above the rock stratum similar material, a plurality of thin steel plates (15) are arranged among key layers in the rock stratum similar material and rock strata below the key layers, the length and width of each thin steel plate (15) are the same as those of the rock stratum similar material, a plurality of hook-shaped devices (16) are fixed on each thin steel plate (15), and the thin steel plates (15) are fixed with the rock stratum similar material through the hook-shaped devices (16) so that the thin steel plates (15) and the rock stratum similar material synchronously move; each thin steel plate (15) is provided with a plurality of strain gauges (17), each strain gauge (17) is used for measuring the strain value when a rock stratum sinks to a through crack or is broken, and a plurality of displacement meters are used for detecting the deformation of the rock stratum caused by disturbance sinking; the plurality of strain gauges (17) and the plurality of displacement meters are respectively connected with a data processing device (19) through leads (18); the camera is used for recording the excavation degree of the coal seam (2) and the sinking condition of the materials similar to the rock stratum; the data processing device (19) is used for receiving the real-time data of the strain gauges (17) and the displacement meters, and the computer is used for analyzing the gravity of the gravity loading device (12), the real-time data received by the data processing device (19) and the record of the camera to obtain the ultimate tensile strength of the rock stratum similar material;
the rock stratum similar material comprises a direct roof (3), a basic roof (4), a plurality of rock stratums and a plurality of key layers which are arranged in a staggered mode from bottom to top, the plurality of rock stratums and the plurality of key layers which are arranged in a staggered mode comprise a first rock stratum (5), a first key layer (6), a second rock stratum (7), a second key layer (8), a third rock stratum (9), a third key layer (10) and a loose layer (11), the thin steel plates (15) are three and comprise a first thin steel plate, a second thin steel plate and a third thin steel plate, the first thin steel plate is arranged between the first rock stratum (5) and the first key layer (6), the second thin steel plate is arranged between the second rock stratum (7) and the second key layer (8), the third thin steel plate is arranged between the third rock stratum (9) and the third key layer (10), the displacement meters are four and comprise a first displacement meter, The first displacement meter is positioned at the bottom of the rock stratum I (5), the second displacement meter is positioned at the bottom of the key layer I (6), the third displacement meter is positioned at the bottom of the key layer II (8), and the fourth displacement meter is positioned at the bottom of the key layer III (10).
2. An indoor overburden separation layer deformation detecting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein a plurality of thin steel plates (15) are connected between two adjacent thin steel plates through elastic ropes, and the strain gauges (17) are arranged below the thin steel plates (15) and are positioned in the middle and at two sides of the thin steel plates (15).
3. The indoor overburden separation layer deformation detection device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hook-shaped device (16) is composed of a cylinder and four L-shaped hooks, the four L-shaped hooks are respectively and uniformly distributed on the upper axial side face of the cylinder at 90 degrees, the lower end of the cylinder is fixedly connected with the thin steel plate (15), and the four L-shaped hooks are buried in a rock stratum similar material.
4. The indoor overburden separation layer deformation detection device of claim 1 wherein the camera is a high definition camera and the gravity loading device is a steel material that pressurizes a material similar to the rock formation to simulate a gravity environment.
5. An evaluation method of the indoor overburden separation deformation detection apparatus as recited in any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of:
s1, after a certain force load is applied to the rock stratum similar material from the upper part through the gravity loading device, the rock stratum similar material is compressed and consolidated, and a gravity environment under real geological conditions is simulated;
s2, excavating the coal seam (2) at a constant speed, and observing and recording the motion change condition of similar materials of the overlying strata through a camera;
s3, detecting the movement and deformation of the rock stratum similar material through a plurality of displacement meters and a plurality of strain gauges (17), and recording the movement transmission time of the rock stratum similar material and the coal seam excavation degree through a camera;
s4, obtaining a ultimate tensile strength value of the rock stratum similar material through calculation of the data processing device (19) and the computer, comparing the calculated ultimate tensile strength value with a real value of the ultimate tensile strength value by the computer, and when the ultimate tensile strength value is closer to the real value of the ultimate tensile strength value, the better the application effect of the indoor overburden separation layer deformation detection device is as claimed in any one of claims 1-4;
the specific method for detecting the movement and deformation of the rock formation similar material in the step S3 is as follows: when the stratum movement is transmitted to the stratum one (5), the displacement meter under the stratum one (5) shows a numerical change, and the change of the strain value of the displacement meter is recorded until the through fracture is generated; when the indication number of the displacement meter under the first key layer (6) changes, namely the first key layer (6) bends and sinks, the second rock stratum (7) sinks along with the first key layer, and the strain values of the first key layer (6) and the second rock stratum (7) are recorded until a through fracture is generated; when the indication number of the displacement meter under the second key layer (8) changes, namely the second key layer (8) begins to bend and sink, the third rock stratum (9) sinks along with the second key layer, and strain values of the second key layer (8) and the third rock stratum (9) begin to be recorded until a through fracture is generated; when the index change of the displacement meter under the third key layer (10) occurs, namely the third key layer (10) begins to bend and sink, the strain value of the third key layer (10) begins to be recorded until the third key layer (10) generates a through crack.
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