CN109488260B - Method for improving exploitation efficiency of natural gas hydrate by using fracturing fluid containing anti-swelling agent - Google Patents
Method for improving exploitation efficiency of natural gas hydrate by using fracturing fluid containing anti-swelling agent Download PDFInfo
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- CN109488260B CN109488260B CN201811540953.1A CN201811540953A CN109488260B CN 109488260 B CN109488260 B CN 109488260B CN 201811540953 A CN201811540953 A CN 201811540953A CN 109488260 B CN109488260 B CN 109488260B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/01—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells specially adapted for obtaining from underwater installations
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B41/00—Equipment or details not covered by groups E21B15/00 - E21B40/00
- E21B41/0099—Equipment or details not covered by groups E21B15/00 - E21B40/00 specially adapted for drilling for or production of natural hydrate or clathrate gas reservoirs; Drilling through or monitoring of formations containing gas hydrates or clathrates
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/001—Survey of boreholes or wells for underwater installation
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for improving the exploitation efficiency of a natural gas hydrate by adopting fracturing fluid containing an anti-swelling agent, which belongs to the technical field of exploitation of clay powder sand type marine natural gas hydrates, and aims at a clay powder sand type reservoir, by injecting the fracturing fluid containing the anti-swelling agent when the natural gas hydrate reservoir is fractured, the hydration expansion of clay caused by a large amount of pure water generated in the decomposition process of the natural gas hydrate is inhibited besides the hydration expansion generated when the clay is contacted with the fracturing fluid in the fracturing process, the aperture of a fracturing channel is maintained, the permeability of the reservoir is expanded, and the migration and exploitation of gas are enhanced; and adding an ion concentration monitoring device on a well pipe at the production section to monitor the ion concentration contained in the fluid in the production well, taking the ion concentration as a clay expansion inhibition effect judgment index, and adjusting the content of the inorganic salt in the fracturing fluid containing the anti-expansion agent. The reverse drainage liquid can be injected into the reservoir again for use after being collected and treated, so that the economic and economical effects are achieved. The method is economically cheap and is an economical and practical new method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of clay powder sand mold ocean natural gas hydrate exploitation, and particularly relates to a method for improving the permeability of a reservoir stratum and further improving the exploitation amount of ocean natural gas hydrates by injecting fracturing fluid containing an anti-swelling agent.
Background
Under the international background of the urgent shortage of fossil energy, natural gas hydrate is listed as the 173 th new mineral species in 2017 by China due to the advantages of large reserves, wide distribution, high efficiency, cleanness and the like. According to expert estimation, the carbon content of global natural gas hydrate is 2 times of the sum of the carbon content of the current fossil fuel, and is recognized as one of the most potential clean alternative energy sources. The existing natural gas hydrate exploitation technologies mainly comprise a depressurization exploitation method, a thermal excitation method, an injection chemical agent exploitation method and a carbon dioxide replacement exploitation method.
For clay powder sand mold reservoirs including south China sea areas, the conventional mining technology at present has great limitation. Due to the low permeability of the clay powder sand-mold reservoir, the pressure in the reservoir cannot be obviously reduced by pumping liquid at the bottom of a well in the depressurization exploitation method, and the effect of promoting the decomposition of the natural gas hydrate cannot be achieved. The thermal excitation method has the problems of low thermal efficiency and low energy utilization rate in the using process, the permeability of a reservoir is low, the diffusion range of hot fluid in the reservoir is limited, and the condition for implementing exploitation is not met. The exploitation method of injecting chemical reagent has the problems of high chemical reagent cost, environmental pollution and the like. In a clay powder sand mold reservoir, the chemical reagent has slow action and limited diffusion. The carbon dioxide displacement mining method has the defects of slow displacement effect and long period, and is still in a laboratory research stage at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a reservoir transformation method for improving the exploitation efficiency of natural gas hydrate by injecting fracturing fluid containing an anti-swelling agent, aiming at the defects of the existing hydrate exploitation method in a clay silt reservoir.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the method for improving the exploitation efficiency of the natural gas hydrate by using the fracturing fluid containing the anti-swelling agent is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
firstly, drilling a well, and putting an ion concentration monitoring device in a well pipe at the production section of a natural gas hydrate exploitation well in the well drilling process, wherein the ion concentration monitoring device is used for monitoring the concentration of ions contained in fluid in the exploitation well, and the ions are cations in an anti-swelling agent;
secondly, completing the well, perforating a clay silt hydrate reservoir stratum after the well is completed, and fracturing the clay silt hydrate reservoir stratum by using fracturing fluid containing an anti-swelling agent to generate a high-permeability fracturing channel so as to enlarge the exploitation radius of the natural gas hydrate;
thirdly, carrying out well closing after fracturing to ensure that the anti-swelling agent fully reacts with clay minerals in the clay silt hydrate reservoir stratum, thereby inhibiting hydration expansion of the clay silt hydrate reservoir stratum when contacting with fracturing fluid;
fourthly, monitoring the change of the ion concentration value detected by the ion concentration monitoring device put in the first step, and injecting the fracturing fluid containing the anti-swelling agent again after the ion concentration in the clay silt hydrate reservoir layer is reduced and is not enough to inhibit the clay from swelling;
step five, when the ion concentration in the clay silt hydrate reservoir is monitored to be stable, the well closing operation is finished, and the natural gas hydrate is exploited;
and sixthly, separating gas and liquid flow generated along with the exploitation of the natural gas hydrate through a gas-liquid separation device, collecting and treating return liquid, and injecting the return liquid into the clay silt hydrate reservoir for recycling.
Preferably, the ion concentration monitoring device is of model YZ10000, S80 or WSI 3.
Further, the anti-swelling agent adopts potassium chloride, ammonium chloride and sodium chloride inorganic salts.
Through the design scheme, the invention can bring the following beneficial effects: the invention provides application of a method for injecting fracturing fluid containing an anti-swelling agent in natural gas hydrate exploitation, and solves the problems of low permeability and difficult exploitation of clay-containing reservoirs; the permeability and the mining radius of a reservoir can be effectively enlarged, and the migration and the mining of gas are facilitated; the addition amount of inorganic salt in the anti-swelling agent fracturing fluid is adjusted through an ion concentration monitoring device, so that the method is economical and efficient; is a feasible, economic and economical method.
Drawings
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system based on which the method for improving the production efficiency of natural gas hydrate by using fracturing fluid containing an anti-swelling agent is adopted in the embodiment of the invention.
In the figure: 1-a wellbore; 2-a production pipe; 3-seawater layer; a 4-upper cladding layer; 5-argillaceous silty sand hydrate reservoir; 6-underlying cap layer; 7-an ion concentration monitoring device; 8-fracturing the channel.
Detailed Description
The occurrence reservoir of the natural gas hydrate in south China sea is a clay powder sand mold reservoir, the clay content is more than 20%, and the reservoir is low in permeability. For low-permeability reservoirs, the conventional mining method has low efficiency, and a fracturing technology is required to be adopted to reform the argillaceous silt hydrate reservoir 5. However, when the conventional fracturing fluid is in contact with clay minerals, the conventional fracturing fluid is easy to cause hydration expansion, dispersion and migration of the clay minerals, so that the pores of the argillaceous silty sand hydrate reservoir 5 are blocked, and the exploitation efficiency is seriously influenced. When the clay silt hydrate reservoir 5 is mined, the natural gas hydrate is decomposed to generate a large amount of pure water, so that hydration expansion of clay is easily caused, and the permeability is reduced. Therefore, for the clay silt hydrate reservoir 5, when the clay silt hydrate reservoir 5 is subjected to fracturing operation, an anti-swelling agent must be added into the fracturing fluid, so as to prevent the clay silt hydrate reservoir 5 from being damaged due to the swelling and migration of the clay. And (3) carrying out well closing after fracturing to ensure that the anti-swelling agent fully reacts with clay minerals in the clay silt hydrate reservoir 5, so as to prevent the natural gas hydrate from decomposing to generate high-pressure gas to eject out the fracturing fluid. The conventional anti-swelling agent for fracturing mainly comprises inorganic salts such as potassium chloride, ammonium chloride, sodium chloride and the like, cationic polymer and small cationic compound. KCl is often used as an anti-swelling agent of fracturing fluid due to its advantages of low price and wide application. Meanwhile, the addition of inorganic salts such as KCl can change the phase equilibrium condition of the natural gas hydrate, promote the decomposition of the natural gas hydrate, inhibit the formation of secondary natural gas hydrate in the exploitation process and prevent the channel blockage in the exploitation process. Therefore, the fracturing fluid containing the anti-swelling agent not only maintains the size of a fracturing channel 8 caused by fracturing in the natural gas hydrate exploitation process, increases the permeability of the clay silt hydrate reservoir 5, but also plays a positive role in the smooth exploitation of the natural gas hydrate. The production section well pipe is additionally provided with an ion concentration monitoring device 7, the ion concentration monitoring device 7 is used for monitoring the concentration of ions contained in fluid in the production well 1, the ions are cations in an anti-swelling agent, and therefore whether clay swelling is inhibited or not and whether inorganic salt content needs to be increased or not is judged, the ion concentration monitoring device 7 is an ion concentration monitoring device which can be bought in the market at present, and the common model is YZ10000, S80 or WSI 3. The reverse drainage liquid can be injected into the clay silt hydrate reservoir 5 again for use after being collected and processed, and is recycled, so that the economic and economical effects are achieved.
In order to more clearly illustrate the invention, the invention is further described below with reference to preferred embodiments and the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system based on which a method for improving the exploitation efficiency of natural gas hydrate by using fracturing fluid containing an anti-swelling agent is adopted, wherein a argillaceous silt hydrate reservoir 5 is positioned between an upper cover layer 4 and a lower cover layer 6, the upper part of the upper cover layer 4 is a seawater layer 3, and the direction indicated by an arrow in the figure is the flow direction of the fracturing fluid containing the anti-swelling agent; the method for improving the exploitation efficiency of the natural gas hydrate by adopting the fracturing fluid containing the anti-swelling agent comprises the following detailed processes: the method comprises the steps of drilling a production well 1 by using a traditional offshore drilling method, and arranging an ion concentration monitoring device 7 in a production pipe 2 to detect the concentration of ions contained in fluid in the production well 1, wherein the ions are cations in an anti-swelling agent, and performing perforation fracturing on a production target layer, namely a clay silt hydrate reservoir stratum 5 to generate a high-permeability fracturing channel 8, so that the production radius of the natural gas hydrate is enlarged. The fracturing fluid containing the anti-swelling agent is adopted during fracturing, so that the inhibition of hydration expansion of clay when contacting with the fracturing fluid is realized during the fracturing process, the aperture of a fracturing channel 8 is maintained, the permeability of a clay silt hydrate reservoir 5 is expanded, and the migration and the exploitation of gas are facilitated.
And (3) carrying out well closing after fracturing to ensure that the anti-swelling agent fully reacts with clay minerals in the clay silt hydrate reservoir 5, so as to prevent the natural gas hydrate from decomposing to generate high-pressure gas to eject the fracturing fluid.
A large amount of pure water is generated in the decomposition process of the natural gas hydrate, the hydration expansion of the clay is easily caused, the permeability is reduced, and the clay can be prevented from expanding and moving and causing damage to the clay silt hydrate reservoir 5 by adding the anti-swelling agent into the fracturing fluid; when inorganic salt fracturing fluid such as KCl and the like is used, the phase equilibrium condition of the natural gas hydrate can be changed, the decomposition of the natural gas hydrate is promoted, the formation of secondary natural gas hydrate in the mining process is inhibited, and the channel blockage in the mining process is prevented. In the gas and water production process, whether the clay expansion can be inhibited by the residual fracturing fluid and whether the content of inorganic salts such as KCl is required to be increased or not can be judged by monitoring the ion concentration at the bottom of the well in real time, so that the clay hydration agent in the clay silt hydrate reservoir 5 is maintained in an optimal concentration range.
Methane gas and fluid containing the anti-swelling agent are collected at an outlet of the exploitation well 1, the methane gas is stored and transported through a gas-liquid separation device, the anti-swelling agent is added into the recovered liquid for recycling, and the economic and economical effects are achieved.
The above example is one of the specific embodiments of the present invention, and general changes and substitutions by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. The method for improving the exploitation efficiency of the natural gas hydrate of the clay powder sand mold natural gas hydrate reservoir by adopting the fracturing fluid containing the anti-swelling agent is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, drilling a well, and putting an ion concentration monitoring device into a well pipe at a production section of a natural gas hydrate exploitation well of a natural gas hydrate reservoir stratum in the well drilling process, wherein the ion concentration monitoring device is used for monitoring the concentration of ions contained in fluid in the exploitation well, and the ions are cations in an anti-swelling agent;
secondly, completing the well, perforating the natural gas hydrate reservoir after the well is completed, and fracturing the natural gas hydrate reservoir by using fracturing fluid containing an anti-swelling agent to generate a high-permeability fracturing channel so as to enlarge the exploitation radius of the natural gas hydrate;
thirdly, carrying out well closing after fracturing to enable the anti-swelling agent to fully react with clay minerals in the natural gas hydrate reservoir stratum, so as to inhibit hydration expansion of the natural gas hydrate reservoir stratum when the natural gas hydrate reservoir stratum is contacted with fracturing fluid;
fourthly, monitoring the change of the ion concentration value detected by the ion concentration monitoring device put in the first step, and injecting fracturing fluid containing the expansion-preventing agent again after the ion concentration in the natural gas hydrate reservoir is reduced and is not enough to inhibit the clay expansion;
step five, when the ion concentration in the natural gas hydrate reservoir is monitored to be stable, well closing operation is finished, and natural gas hydrate exploitation is carried out;
separating gas and liquid flow generated along with the exploitation of the natural gas hydrate through a gas-liquid separation device, collecting and treating return liquid, and injecting the return liquid into the natural gas hydrate reservoir for recycling;
the model of the ion concentration monitoring device is S80 or WSI 3.
2. The method for improving the exploitation efficiency of the natural gas hydrate in the argillaceous powder sand mold natural gas hydrate reservoir by using the fracturing fluid containing the anti-swelling agent according to claim 1, wherein the anti-swelling agent is potassium chloride, ammonium chloride or sodium chloride inorganic salts.
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| CN112392446A (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2021-02-23 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | Method for enhancing reservoir stability in hydrate exploitation process |
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