CN109487535B - Flame-retardant finishing method for polyester fabric - Google Patents
Flame-retardant finishing method for polyester fabric Download PDFInfo
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- CN109487535B CN109487535B CN201811288034.XA CN201811288034A CN109487535B CN 109487535 B CN109487535 B CN 109487535B CN 201811288034 A CN201811288034 A CN 201811288034A CN 109487535 B CN109487535 B CN 109487535B
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- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000009832 plasma treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000005495 cold plasma Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- MCONGYNHPPCHSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-dimethoxyphosphoryl-n-(hydroxymethyl)propanamide Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)CCC(=O)NCO MCONGYNHPPCHSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 24
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920004933 Terylene® Polymers 0.000 description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 208000016261 weight loss Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- AFLFDKGGKANVSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N [NH4+].P(=O)([O-])([O-])OCC(CO)(CO)CO.[NH4+] Chemical compound [NH4+].P(=O)([O-])([O-])OCC(CO)(CO)CO.[NH4+] AFLFDKGGKANVSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 3
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000002918 Fraxinus excelsior Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000009781 Myrtillocactus geometrizans Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000009125 Myrtillocactus geometrizans Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002074 melt spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/32—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
- D06M11/36—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond with oxides, hydroxides or mixed oxides; with salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
- D06M11/38—Oxides or hydroxides of elements of Groups 1 or 11 of the Periodic Table
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/68—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with phosphorus or compounds thereof, e.g. with chlorophosphonic acid or salts thereof
- D06M11/70—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with phosphorus or compounds thereof, e.g. with chlorophosphonic acid or salts thereof with oxides of phosphorus; with hypophosphorous, phosphorous or phosphoric acids or their salts
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M13/244—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing sulfur or phosphorus
- D06M13/282—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing sulfur or phosphorus with compounds containing phosphorus
- D06M13/292—Mono-, di- or triesters of phosphoric or phosphorous acids; Salts thereof
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M14/00—Graft polymerisation of monomers containing carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds on to fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials
- D06M14/18—Graft polymerisation of monomers containing carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds on to fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials using wave energy or particle radiation
- D06M14/26—Graft polymerisation of monomers containing carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds on to fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials using wave energy or particle radiation on to materials of synthetic origin
- D06M14/30—Graft polymerisation of monomers containing carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds on to fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials using wave energy or particle radiation on to materials of synthetic origin of macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M14/32—Polyesters
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
- D06M2101/16—Synthetic fibres, other than mineral fibres
- D06M2101/30—Synthetic polymers consisting of macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M2101/32—Polyesters
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2200/00—Functionality of the treatment composition and/or properties imparted to the textile material
- D06M2200/30—Flame or heat resistance, fire retardancy properties
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a flame-retardant finishing method of polyester fabrics, which comprises the following steps of carrying out alkali decrement treatment on the polyester fabrics; putting the polyester fabric subjected to alkali decrement treatment into a maleic anhydride solution, and padding at room temperature; carrying out cold plasma treatment on the polyester fabric padded by the maleic anhydride solution; and (3) padding the flame-retardant finishing agent after cold plasma treatment. The surface modification treatment is carried out on the polyester material by combining three means of alkali decrement, plasma treatment and Pyrovatex CP new finishing, the alkali decrement improves the adsorption capacity of the polyester on maleic acid, the maleic acid is covalently grafted on the surface of the polyester fiber by the plasma treatment, and the Pyrovatex CP new finishing agent carries out flame retardant finishing on the grafted polyester fabric. The oxygen limit index of the flame-retardant finished polyester fabric reaches 29 percent, and the flame-retardant grade is V0 grade.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of flame-retardant finishing of polyester fabrics, and particularly relates to a flame-retardant finishing method of polyester fabrics.
Background
The terylene textile has good physical properties such as mechanical property, friction resistance, dimensional stability and the like and excellent chemical stability, so the terylene textile is widely applied to national defense, industrial cloth and daily life of people, but the terylene belongs to flammable fibers, the limit oxygen index is only about 20, and the terylene textile cannot meet the basic requirement of flame-retardant fabrics. The methods currently applied to flame retardation of polyester can be divided into the following methods: (1) adding a reactive flame retardant into the polyester macromolecules during the polycondensation period or the ester exchange period, so that the flame retardant and the polyester macromolecules are subjected to copolycondensation together; (2) adding a specific flame retardant into a required solution before melt spinning in the production process of the polyester fabric; (3) mixing the fiber mixed with the flame-retardant component with pure polyester without any component, and spinning; (4) the fabric is treated by using a reactive flame retardant on the surface of the terylene to achieve the purpose of grafting; and (5) carrying out subsequent flame-retardant finishing on the conventionally treated polyester fabric to realize flame retardance. However, in the first three methods, reactivity ratio and compatibility problems exist between the polyester base material and the flame retardant additive, so that the mechanical wearability of the fabric is reduced. In the latter two methods, the bonding force between the finishing agent and the base material is not strong due to the physical and chemical inertness of the polyester fabric, and the durable flame-retardant effect is difficult to obtain, so the research for vigorously developing a novel flame-retardant finishing technology of the polyester fabric is very meaningful.
Disclosure of Invention
This section is for the purpose of summarizing some aspects of embodiments of the invention and to briefly introduce some preferred embodiments. In this section, as well as in the abstract and the title of the invention of this application, simplifications or omissions may be made to avoid obscuring the purpose of the section, the abstract and the title, and such simplifications or omissions are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned technical drawbacks.
Therefore, the invention overcomes the defects in the prior art and provides the flame-retardant finishing method for the polyester fabric.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a flame-retardant finishing method for polyester fabrics comprises the steps of carrying out alkali decrement treatment on the polyester fabrics;
putting the polyester fabric subjected to alkali decrement treatment into a maleic anhydride solution, and padding at room temperature;
carrying out cold plasma treatment on the polyester fabric padded by the maleic anhydride solution;
and (3) padding the flame-retardant finishing agent after cold plasma treatment.
As a preferred scheme of the flame-retardant finishing method of the polyester fabric, the method comprises the following steps: the alkali deweighting treatment of the polyester fabric comprises the steps of adding sodium hydroxide and an accelerant into water, stirring and dissolving, preparing 30g/L of sodium hydroxide and 5g/L of accelerant, heating to 60 ℃, adding the polyester fabric, heating to 80 ℃ under stirring, treating for 60min, and maintaining a bath ratio of 1: 30, taking out the fabric, and washing the fabric with water at 80 ℃; the fabric was immersed in a 1mL/L acetic acid solution at room temperature for 10 min.
As a preferred scheme of the flame-retardant finishing method of the polyester fabric, the method comprises the following steps: the polyester fabric subjected to alkali deweighting treatment is put into a maleic anhydride solution and is padded at room temperature, and the method comprises the following steps of mixing the polyester fabric subjected to alkali deweighting treatment according to a bath ratio of 1: 20, putting the mixture into 25 wt% (g/mL) maleic anhydride solution, soaking for 55min at room temperature, rolling for 5min, soaking for 5min, rolling for two times, and drying in a drying machine at 80 ℃ after the treatment is finished.
As a preferred scheme of the flame-retardant finishing method of the polyester fabric, the method comprises the following steps: the polyester fabric padded by the maleic anhydride solution is subjected to cold plasma treatment to introduce O2And processing for 6min at 180W power.
As a preferred scheme of the flame-retardant finishing method of the polyester fabric, the method comprises the following steps: the cold plasma treated padding flame-retardant finishing agent comprises the steps of weighing the flame-retardant finishing agent and phosphoric acid, placing the flame-retardant finishing agent and the phosphoric acid in a beaker, preparing the flame-retardant finishing agent with the concentration of 250g/L and the phosphoric acid with the concentration of 25g/L, stirring and mixing, and treating the fabric treated by the plasma according to the bath ratio of 1: 20, soaking for 3min, rolling, soaking for 2min, rolling, pre-baking for 3min at 80 deg.C, and baking for 3min at 150 deg.C.
As a preferred scheme of the flame-retardant finishing method of the polyester fabric, the method comprises the following steps: the flame retardant finish comprises Pyrovatex CP new.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the surface modification treatment is carried out on the polyester material by combining three means of alkali decrement, plasma treatment and Pyrovatex CP new finishing, the alkali decrement improves the adsorption capacity of the polyester on maleic acid, the maleic acid is covalently grafted on the surface of the polyester fiber by the plasma treatment, and the Pyrovatex CP new finishing agent carries out flame retardant finishing on the grafted polyester fabric. The oxygen limit index of the flame-retardant finished polyester fabric reaches 29 percent, and the flame-retardant grade is V0 grade.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without inventive exercise. Wherein:
FIG. 1 is a spectrum of an untreated polyester fabric sample.
FIG. 2 is a spectrum of a sample of the polyester fabric after flame retardant finishing in example 1.
Fig. 3 is a SEM image of the microstructure of the flame retardant finished and untreated polyester fabric and its residues according to the invention.
FIG. 4 is a graph of the effect of time on oxygen limiting index for cold plasma treatment of example 1.
FIG. 5 is a graph of the effect of power on oxygen limiting index for the cold plasma treatment of example 1.
Fig. 6 is a SEM image of burning ashes of the raw cloth of the untreated polyester fabric.
FIG. 7 is a microscopic structure view of the burning carbon residue of the polyester fabric after the flame retardant treatment of the embodiment.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with examples are described in detail below.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described and will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and therefore the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
Furthermore, reference herein to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one implementation of the invention. The appearances of the phrase "in one embodiment" in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments.
Example 1:
alkali weight reduction treatment:
weighing 1.5g of polyester fabric, adding sodium hydroxide and an accelerator into distilled water, stirring and dissolving to prepare 30g/L of sodium hydroxide and 5g/L of accelerator, heating to 60 ℃, adding the fabric, heating to 80 ℃ under stirring, treating for 60min, properly supplementing hot water in the heating process, and maintaining the bath ratio of 1: 30, after the treatment, taking out the fabric, and washing the fabric twice by using hot water at the temperature of 80 ℃; at room temperature, 0.1mL of acetic acid was taken and dissolved in 100mL of distilled water to make an acetic acid solution (1mL/L), and the fabric was immersed in the solution for 10min and washed with cold water.
Padding a maleic anhydride solution:
and (3) treating the fabric subjected to alkali weight reduction treatment according to a bath ratio of 1: 20, putting the mixture into 25 wt% (g/mL) maleic anhydride solution, soaking for 55min at room temperature, rolling for 5min, soaking for 5min, rolling for two times, and drying in a drying machine at 80 ℃ after the treatment is finished.
Cold plasma treatment:
treating the fabric treated by the maleic anhydride by plasma, and introducing O2And processing for 6min at 180W power.
Padding with a flame-retardant finishing agent:
weighing finishing agents Pyrovatex CP new and phosphoric acid, placing the finishing agents Pyrovatex CP new and the phosphoric acid into a beaker, preparing a mixture with the Pyrovatex CP new concentration of 250g/L and the phosphoric acid concentration of 25g/L, stirring and mixing, and mixing the plasma treated fabric according to the bath ratio of 1: 20, soaking for 3min, rolling, soaking for 2min, rolling, pre-baking for 3min at 80 deg.C, and baking for 3min at 150 deg.C.
The invention adopts three means of alkali decrement, plasma treatment and Pyrovatex CP new finishing to jointly carry out surface modification treatment on polyester materials, the alkali decrement improves the adsorption capacity of the polyester on maleic acid, the maleic acid is covalently grafted on the surface of polyester fiber by the plasma treatment, and the Pyrovatex CP new finishing agent carries out flame retardant finishing on the grafted polyester fabric, and the main reaction principle is as follows:
FIGS. 1-2 show the IR spectra of samples of polyester fabric before and after flame retardant treatment according to the invention, FIG. 1 shows the IR spectra of samples of untreated polyester fabric with an absorption band of 1717.16cm-1，1500.85-1408.76cm-1And 1244.93-1099.81cm-1Corresponding to-C ═ O elongation, benzene elongation, and C-O-C elongation, respectively; FIG. 2 is a spectrum of a sample of the flame-retardant finished polyester fabric of the present invention, which is clearly seen to increase by 3410.49cm-1The absorption band indicates that a new group-OH is generated after the flame-retardant treatment of the present invention.
The SEM photographs in fig. 3 show the microstructure of the flame retardant finished and untreated polyester fabrics of the invention and their residues. Sample untreated polyester fabric the outer surface of the residue of fig. 3(a) was relatively smooth and some of the globule-like material was unevenly distributed over the surface, indicating that the residue on the untreated polyester fabric was composed of melted and partially decomposed PET components. However, while FIG. 3(B) shows a different microscopic topography of the residue compared to the untreated fabric sample, in FIG. 3(B) it can be seen that the treated fabric residue surface is compact, such a surface prevents the transmission of oxygen and heat, and prevents continued burning of the fabric. From fig. 3(C), it can be seen that the fiber morphology of the untreated fabric is independent of the fiber root and the surface is smooth, while from fig. 3(D), it can be seen that the fibers of the treated polyester fabric surface are bonded together, which makes the fabric non-flammable.
Figure 4 shows the effect of cold plasma treatment time on oxygen limiting index. The increase in the oxygen limiting index was accompanied by an increase in the plasma treatment time in the first stage, i.e., before 6min, however, the oxygen limiting index began to decrease later as the plasma treatment time increased. It is shown that the increase of the time in the first stage leads more active groups to be grafted on the surface of the fabric, the effective groups generated by the reaction with the flame retardant are increased, the flame retardant effect is enhanced, and the longer the time in the second stage is, the fabric structure may be damaged and loosened, so that the contact surface of the fabric is increased during combustion and is easier to combust, namely the flame retardant property is reduced, and it can be seen that the oxygen limit index of the polyester fabric reaches 29% when the polyester fabric is treated by plasma for 6 min. FIG. 5 is a graph showing the influence of the cold plasma processing power on the oxygen limiting index, and it can be seen that the optimum processing power is 180W.
Untreated and inventive treated polyester samples were burned in air and samples made from their residue were photographed using SEM. Fig. 6 is an electron microscope photograph of the burning ash of the raw cloth of the polyester fabric, and it can be seen from the photograph that the surface of the polyester fabric is relatively smooth, because the untreated polyester burning ash still remains in the polyester fabric and no new substance is generated in the burning, it is shown that the polyester fiber is only the state change of the substance after being burned, and is a process of melting and gradually solidifying. FIG. 7 shows the microstructure of the residual carbon after the combustion of the polyester fabric, the surface of the residual carbon is very rough and covered with a carbon layer, and the generated carbon layer avoids the contact of oxygen and combustible substances, so that the flame in the combustion process is extinguished, and the flame retardant property of the polyester fabric is obviously improved.
Burning the bottom of the terylene sample treated by the invention for 10 seconds by using blue flame (the flame size is about 25 mm) generated by propane gas combustion, then removing the terylene sample, and timing and calculating the self-extinguishing time t1 of the sample. After the sample is extinguished, burning the bottom of the sample for 10 seconds by using the same flame, calculating the extinguishing time t2, and calculating the third extinguishing time t3 by using the same steps; t1, t2 and t3, the total of which is not more than 30 seconds and no combustion material drips, the sample is UL94V0 grade, if 30-60 seconds and no combustion material drips, UL94V1 grade, if 30-60 seconds and combustion material drips, UL94V2 grade, and if the combustion time exceeds the above range, the sample is calculated as flame-retardant grade. Tests show that the flame retardant rating of the polyester treated by the invention is V0.
Example 2:
alkali weight reduction treatment:
weighing 1.5g of polyester fabric, adding sodium hydroxide and an accelerator into distilled water, stirring and dissolving to prepare 30g/L of sodium hydroxide and 5g/L of accelerator, heating to 60 ℃, adding the fabric, heating to 80 ℃ under stirring, treating for 60min, properly supplementing hot water in the heating process, and maintaining the bath ratio of 1: 30, after the treatment, taking out the fabric, and washing the fabric twice by using hot water at the temperature of 80 ℃; at room temperature, 0.1mL of acetic acid was taken and dissolved in 100mL of distilled water to make an acetic acid solution (1mL/L), and the fabric was immersed in the solution for 10min and washed with cold water.
Padding a maleic anhydride solution:
and (3) treating the fabric subjected to alkali weight reduction treatment according to a bath ratio of 1: 20, putting the mixture into 25 wt% (g/mL) maleic anhydride solution, soaking for 55min at room temperature, rolling for 5min, soaking for 5min, rolling for two times, and drying in a drying machine at 80 ℃ after the treatment is finished.
Cold plasma treatment:
treating the fabric treated by the maleic anhydride by plasma, and introducing O2The treatment was carried out at 180W power for a period of 6 min.
Padding with a flame-retardant finishing agent:
weighing pentaerythritol phosphate ammonium salt and phosphoric acid, placing the pentaerythritol phosphate ammonium salt and the phosphoric acid in a beaker, preparing the pentaerythritol phosphate ammonium salt with the concentration of 250g/L and the phosphoric acid with the concentration of 25g/L, stirring and mixing, and treating the fabric treated by the plasma according to the bath ratio of 1: 20, soaking for 3min, rolling, soaking for 2min, rolling, pre-baking for 3min at 80 deg.C, and baking for 3min at 150 deg.C.
After flame-retardant finishing by the method of example 2, the oxygen limiting index is 24%.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A flame-retardant finishing method for polyester fabrics is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the steps of (a) preparing a mixture of a plurality of raw materials,
carrying out alkali deweighting treatment on the polyester fabric;
putting the polyester fabric subjected to alkali decrement treatment into a maleic anhydride solution, and padding at room temperature;
carrying out cold plasma treatment on the polyester fabric padded by the maleic anhydride solution;
padding with a flame-retardant finishing agent after cold plasma treatment;
the polyester fabric subjected to alkali deweighting treatment is put into a maleic anhydride solution, padding is carried out at room temperature, and the method is characterized in that the polyester fabric subjected to alkali deweighting treatment is subjected to padding according to a bath ratio of 1: 20g/mL of the solution is put into 25 wt% of maleic anhydride solution, the first soaking is carried out for 55min at room temperature, the first rolling and the second soaking are carried out for 5min, the second rolling is carried out, and after the treatment is finished, the drying is carried out in a drying machine at the temperature of 80 ℃;
the polyester fabric padded by the maleic anhydride solution is subjected to cold plasma treatment to introduce O2Processing for 6min under the power of 180W;
the cold plasma treated padding flame-retardant finishing agent is prepared by weighing the flame-retardant finishing agent and phosphoric acid, placing the flame-retardant finishing agent and the phosphoric acid in a beaker, preparing the flame-retardant finishing agent with the concentration of 250g/L and the concentration of the phosphoric acid of 25g/L, stirring and mixing to obtain the flame-retardant finishing agent, and treating the fabric treated by the plasma according to a bath ratio of 1: 20, soaking for 3min, rolling for 2min, soaking for 2min, rolling for two times, pre-drying for 3min at 80 ℃ in a drying machine, and baking for 3min at 150 ℃;
the flame retardant finishing agent is Pyrovatex CP new.
2. The flame retardant finishing method for polyester fabric as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the alkali deweighting treatment of the polyester fabric comprises the steps of adding sodium hydroxide and an accelerant into water, stirring and dissolving, preparing 30g/L of sodium hydroxide and 5g/L of accelerant, heating to 60 ℃, adding the polyester fabric, heating to 80 ℃ under stirring, treating for 60min, and maintaining a bath ratio of 1: 30, taking out the fabric, and washing the fabric with water at 80 ℃; the fabric was immersed in a 1mL/L acetic acid solution at room temperature for 10 min.
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