CN109485982A - A kind of mobile phone foamed material - Google Patents

A kind of mobile phone foamed material Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109485982A
CN109485982A CN201811001047.4A CN201811001047A CN109485982A CN 109485982 A CN109485982 A CN 109485982A CN 201811001047 A CN201811001047 A CN 201811001047A CN 109485982 A CN109485982 A CN 109485982A
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parts
mobile phone
added
silane coupling
coupling agent
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陈福珍
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JIAXING BOFA NEW PLASTIC Co Ltd
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JIAXING BOFA NEW PLASTIC Co Ltd
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    • C08J9/04Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
    • C08J9/06Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a chemical blowing agent
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    • C08J9/06Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a chemical blowing agent
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    • C08J9/06Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a chemical blowing agent
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    • C08J9/104Hydrazines; Hydrazides; Semicarbazides; Semicarbazones; Hydrazones; Derivatives thereof
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    • C08J9/04Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
    • C08J9/06Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a chemical blowing agent
    • C08J9/10Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a chemical blowing agent developing nitrogen, the blowing agent being a compound containing a nitrogen-to-nitrogen bond
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    • C08J2203/00Foams characterized by the expanding agent
    • C08J2203/02CO2-releasing, e.g. NaHCO3 and citric acid
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    • C08J2323/00Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2323/02Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
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    • C08J2459/00Characterised by the use of polyacetals containing polyoxymethylene sequences only

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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of mobile phone foamed materials, its raw material includes: 100 parts of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer by weight, 8-20 parts of butadiene-styrene rubber, 2-8 parts of ethylene propylene diene rubber, 3-12 parts of polyformaldehyde, 2-10 parts of polyethylene, 2-10 parts of filler, 1-3 parts of lignin, 1-2 parts of foaming agent, 0.3-1.3 parts of zinc oxide, 1-1.5 parts of stearic acid, 0.2-0.5 parts of benzoyl peroxide, 0.1-0.35 parts of tetramethylthiuram monosulfide, 0.05-0.28 parts of sulphur, 0.1-0.2 parts of Triallyl isocyanurate, 0.1-2 parts of paraffin, 0.1-1 parts of glycerol, 0.1-1 parts of silane coupling agent.Mobile phone composite foam material proposed by the present invention, flexibility is good, and hardness is low, and heat resistance and ageing-resistant performance are excellent.

Description

A kind of mobile phone foamed material
Technical field
The present invention relates to mobile phone field of material technology more particularly to a kind of mobile phone foamed materials.
Background technique
Mobile phone has become essential means of communication in modern society, with the development of society, people use mobile phone Higher requirements are also raised for the performance of material.Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) product of rubber and plastic is novel environment friendly plastics hair Foam material has many advantages, such as good water-fast, corrosion-resistant, processability, buffering, antidetonation, heat preservation, heat-insulated, environmentally friendly, wide at present It is general to be used for the fields such as foaming shoe material, functional greenhouse film, packaging film, hot melt adhesive, wire and cable and toy.But existing ethylene- Vinyl acetate co-polymer rubber-plastics material is harder, is not easy that relatively thin product is made, therefore can not carry out in field of mobile phones extensive Using, and while applying in field of mobile phones there are resistance to ag(e)ing and heat resistance is not good defect, is limited its application.
Summary of the invention
Technical problems based on background technology, the invention proposes a kind of mobile phone foamed materials, and flexibility is good, Hardness is low, and heat resistance and ageing-resistant performance are excellent.
A kind of mobile phone foamed material proposed by the present invention, raw material includes: ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer by weight 100 parts, 8-20 parts of butadiene-styrene rubber, 2-8 parts of ethylene propylene diene rubber, 3-12 parts of polyformaldehyde, 2-10 parts of polyethylene, 2-10 parts of filler, 1-3 parts of lignin, 1-2 parts of foaming agent, 0.3-1.3 parts of zinc oxide, 1-1.5 parts of stearic acid, 0.2-0.5 parts of benzoyl peroxide, 0.1-0.35 parts of tetramethylthiuram monosulfide, 0.05-0.28 parts of sulphur, 0.1-0.2 parts of Triallyl isocyanurate, paraffin 0.1-2 parts, 0.1-1 parts of glycerol, 0.1-1 parts of silane coupling agent.
Preferably, in ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, the mass fraction of vinyl acetate is 18-20wt%.
Preferably, in butadiene-styrene rubber, the mass fraction of styrene is 24-25wt%.
Preferably, the filler is modified filler;The modified filler is prepared according to following technique: by carbon black, being received Rice calcium carbonate, iron oxide, carbon nanotube, hydrotalcite are added in ethyl alcohol, and adjusting pH value after mixing evenly is 3-4, and it is even that silane is added Join agent KH570, is warming up to 48-58 DEG C of reaction 15-22h after mixing evenly, is filtered, washed after reaction, is dried to obtain object Expect A;Material A is added in dimethylformamide and is stirred evenly, styrene, butyl acrylate, first are added after being warming up to 70-85 DEG C Base acrylic acid -2- hydroxyl ethyl ester, vinyl phosphoric acid dimethyl ester and azodiisobutyronitrile, insulation reaction 4-5h, reacts after mixing evenly After be added naphthalene diisocyanate, stir 50-100min, obtain the modified filler after dry.
Preferably, in the preparation process of modified filler, carbon black, nanometer calcium carbonate, iron oxide, carbon nanotube, hydrotalcite, The weight ratio of silane coupling agent KH570 is 15-21:3-9:2-10:1-5:3-14:5-12.
Preferably, in the preparation process of modified filler, material A, styrene, butyl acrylate, methacrylic acid -2- hydroxyl Ethyl ester, vinyl phosphoric acid dimethyl ester, azodiisobutyronitrile, naphthalene diisocyanate weight ratio be 3-9:5-12:4-8:3-9:1- 5:0.3-0.8:5-16.
Preferably, the modified filler is prepared according to following technique: by weight by 18 parts of carbon blacks, 7 parts of nano-sized carbons Sour calcium, 6 parts of iron oxide, 3 parts of carbon nanotubes, 9 parts of hydrotalcites are added in 50 parts of ethyl alcohol, and adjusting pH value after mixing evenly is 3.5, add Enter 10 parts of silane coupling agent KH570, is warming up to 55 DEG C of reaction 20h after mixing evenly, is filtered, washed, is dried after reaction Obtain material A;8 parts of material As are added in 50 parts of dimethylformamides by weight and are stirred evenly, are added 6 after being warming up to 75 DEG C Part styrene, 5 parts of butyl acrylates, 7 parts of 2-hydroxyethyl methacry-lates, 3 parts of vinyl phosphoric acid dimethyl esters and 0.5 part of azo Bis-isobutyronitrile, insulation reaction 4.5h, is added 12 parts of naphthalene diisocyanates after reaction after mixing evenly, stirs 80min, dry After obtain the modified filler.
Preferably, the foaming agent be azodicarbonamide, azodiisobutyronitrile, dinitrosopentamethylene tetramine, 4, One of 4 '-oxobenzenesulfonyl hydrazide, sodium bicarbonate or a variety of mixtures.
Preferably, the silane coupling agent is silane resin acceptor kh-550, silane coupling agent KH-560, silane coupling agent The mixture of one or more of KH-570.
Mobile phone foamed material of the present invention, using ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer as major ingredient, while joined butylbenzene Rubber, ethylene propylene diene rubber, polyformaldehyde, polyethylene are modified it, and have regulated and controled five ratio, keep five performances best Synergistic effect, assign the lower hardness of composite foam material, good flexibility and fatigue resistance;In the preparation of modified filler In the process, carbon black, nanometer calcium carbonate, iron oxide, carbon nanotube, hydrotalcite is modified using silane coupling agent KH570, to make Graft reaction has occurred in silane coupling agent KH570 and carbon black, nanometer calcium carbonate, iron oxide, carbon nanotube, hydrotalcite, by double bond It has been introduced into carbon black, nanometer calcium carbonate, iron oxide, carbon nanotube, obtained material A in hydrotalcite;Material A and styrene, third Olefin(e) acid butyl ester, 2-hydroxyethyl methacry-late, vinyl phosphoric acid dimethyl ester are polymerize under the action of azodiisobutyronitrile Reaction, mixes, the two is reacted, so that polyurethane has been introduced into carbon black, nanometer calcium carbonate, oxygen with naphthalene diisocyanate Change iron, carbon nanotube, obtained modified filler in hydrotalcite, is added into system, on the one hand, because being suitably added poly- ammonia Ester significantly improves the plastic deformation of matrix, suitably reduces while keeping composite foam material compared with high elongation at tear Relatively thin material can be made in the hardness of composite foam material, be applied in field of mobile phones, on the other hand, poly- ammonia therein Ester structure can with the polymer in matrix occur physical entanglement, form network structure, make carbon black, nanometer calcium carbonate, iron oxide, Carbon nanotube, hydrotalcite can be evenly dispersed in matrix, improve the associativity of filler and matrix, it is big to have postponed polymer The degradation of molecule assigns composite foam material excellent tensile strength, tearing strength, heat resistance and resistance to ag(e)ing, while and second Alkenyl dimethyl phosphate cooperation, hence it is evident that be catalyzed system into charcoal, improved Char Residues Structure, assigned the certain anti-flammability of system and heat-resisting Property;Zinc oxide, benzoyl peroxide, tetramethylthiuram monosulfide, sulphur, in Triallyl isocyanurate addition system, Cooperation is used as vulcanizing system, and curingprocess rate is fast, and effect is good, and the foamed material heat resistance and ageing-resistant performance made is excellent.
Specific embodiment
In the following, technical solution of the present invention is described in detail by specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1
A kind of mobile phone foamed material proposed by the present invention, raw material includes: ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer by weight 100 parts, 20 parts of butadiene-styrene rubber, 2 parts of ethylene propylene diene rubber, 12 parts of polyformaldehyde, 2 parts of polyethylene, 10 parts of filler, 1 part of lignin, hair 2 parts of infusion, 0.3 part of zinc oxide, 1.5 parts of stearic acid, 0.2 part of benzoyl peroxide, 0.35 part of tetramethylthiuram monosulfide, sulphur 0.05 part of sulphur, 0.2 part of Triallyl isocyanurate, 0.1 part of paraffin, 1 part of glycerol, 0.1 part of silane coupling agent.
Embodiment 2
A kind of mobile phone foamed material proposed by the present invention, raw material includes: ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer by weight 100 parts, 10 parts of butadiene-styrene rubber, 8 parts of ethylene propylene diene rubber, 3 parts of polyformaldehyde, 10 parts of polyethylene, 2 parts of filler, 3 parts of lignin, hair 1 part of infusion, 1.3 parts of zinc oxide, 1 part of stearic acid, 0.5 part of benzoyl peroxide, 0.1 part of tetramethylthiuram monosulfide, sulphur 0.28 part, 0.1 part of Triallyl isocyanurate, 2 parts of paraffin, 0.1 part of glycerol, 1 part of silane coupling agent.
Embodiment 3
A kind of mobile phone foamed material proposed by the present invention, raw material includes: ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer by weight 100 parts, 18 parts of butadiene-styrene rubber, 3 parts of ethylene propylene diene rubber, 10 parts of polyformaldehyde, 4 parts of polyethylene, 8 parts of filler, 1.6 parts of lignin, 1.7 parts of foaming agent, 0.6 part of zinc oxide, 1.3 parts of stearic acid, 0.3 part of benzoyl peroxide, tetramethylthiuram monosulfide 0.32 Part, 0.1 part of sulphur, 0.17 part of Triallyl isocyanurate, 0.8 part of paraffin, 0.8 part of glycerol, 0.4 part of silane coupling agent;
Wherein, in ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, the mass fraction of vinyl acetate is 20wt%;
In butadiene-styrene rubber, the mass fraction of styrene is 24wt%;
The filler is modified filler;The modified filler is prepared according to following technique: by carbon black, nano-calcium carbonate Calcium, iron oxide, carbon nanotube, hydrotalcite are added in ethyl alcohol, and adjusting pH value after mixing evenly is 3, and silane coupling agent is added KH570 is warming up to 58 DEG C of reaction 15h after mixing evenly, is filtered, washed after reaction, is dried to obtain material A;By material A It is added in dimethylformamide and stirs evenly, styrene, butyl acrylate, methacrylic acid -2- hydroxyl are added after being warming up to 85 DEG C Ethyl ester, vinyl phosphoric acid dimethyl ester and azodiisobutyronitrile, insulation reaction 4h, it is different to be added naphthalene two after reaction after mixing evenly Cyanate stirs 100min, obtains the modified filler after dry;
In the preparation process of modified filler, carbon black, nanometer calcium carbonate, iron oxide, carbon nanotube, hydrotalcite, silane are even The weight ratio for joining agent KH570 is 15:9:2:5:3:12;Material A, styrene, butyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacry-late, Vinyl phosphoric acid dimethyl ester, azodiisobutyronitrile, naphthalene diisocyanate weight ratio be 3:12:4:9:1:0.8:5;
The foaming agent is azodiisobutyronitrile;
The silane coupling agent is silane resin acceptor kh-550.
Embodiment 4
A kind of mobile phone foamed material proposed by the present invention, raw material includes: ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer by weight 100 parts, 14 parts of butadiene-styrene rubber, 7 parts of ethylene propylene diene rubber, 5 parts of polyformaldehyde, 9 parts of polyethylene, 5 parts of filler, 2.7 parts of lignin, hair 1.3 parts of infusion, 1 part of zinc oxide, 1.2 parts of stearic acid, 0.45 part of benzoyl peroxide, 0.16 part of tetramethylthiuram monosulfide, 0.21 part of sulphur, 0.13 part of Triallyl isocyanurate, 1.6 parts of paraffin, 0.2 part of glycerol, 0.5 part of silane coupling agent;
Wherein, in ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, the mass fraction of vinyl acetate is 18wt%;
In butadiene-styrene rubber, the mass fraction of styrene is 25wt%;
The filler is modified filler;The modified filler is prepared according to following technique: by carbon black, nano-calcium carbonate Calcium, iron oxide, carbon nanotube, hydrotalcite are added in ethyl alcohol, and adjusting pH value after mixing evenly is 4, and silane coupling agent is added KH570 is warming up to 48 DEG C of reaction 22h after mixing evenly, is filtered, washed after reaction, is dried to obtain material A;By material A It is added in dimethylformamide and stirs evenly, styrene, butyl acrylate, methacrylic acid -2- hydroxyl are added after being warming up to 70 DEG C Ethyl ester, vinyl phosphoric acid dimethyl ester and azodiisobutyronitrile, insulation reaction 5h, it is different to be added naphthalene two after reaction after mixing evenly Cyanate stirs 50min, obtains the modified filler after dry;
In the preparation process of modified filler, carbon black, nanometer calcium carbonate, iron oxide, carbon nanotube, hydrotalcite, silane are even The weight ratio for joining agent KH570 is 21:3:10:1:14:5;Material A, styrene, butyl acrylate, methacrylic acid -2- hydroxyl second Ester, vinyl phosphoric acid dimethyl ester, azodiisobutyronitrile, naphthalene diisocyanate weight ratio be 9:5:8:3:5:0.3:16;
The foaming agent is azodicarbonamide;
The silane coupling agent is silane coupling agent KH-560.
Embodiment 5
A kind of mobile phone foamed material proposed by the present invention, raw material includes: ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer by weight 100 parts, 14 parts of butadiene-styrene rubber, 6 parts of ethylene propylene diene rubber, 9 parts of polyformaldehyde, 7 parts of polyethylene, 5 parts of filler, 2 parts of lignin, foaming 1.6 parts of agent, 1 part of zinc oxide, 1.2 parts of stearic acid, 0.38 part of benzoyl peroxide, 0.3 part of tetramethylthiuram monosulfide, sulphur 0.13 part, 0.14 part of Triallyl isocyanurate, 0.9 part of paraffin, 0.6 part of glycerol, 1 part of silane coupling agent;
Wherein, in ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, the mass fraction of vinyl acetate is 19wt%;
In butadiene-styrene rubber, the mass fraction of styrene is 24.6wt%;
The modified filler is prepared according to following technique: by weight by 18 parts of carbon blacks, 7 parts of nanometer calcium carbonates, 6 parts Iron oxide, 3 parts of carbon nanotubes, 9 parts of hydrotalcites are added in 50 parts of ethyl alcohol, and adjusting pH value after mixing evenly is 3.5, and 10 parts of silicon are added Alkane coupling agent KH570 is warming up to 55 DEG C of reaction 20h after mixing evenly, is filtered, washed after reaction, is dried to obtain material A;8 parts of material As are added in 50 parts of dimethylformamides by weight and be stirred evenly, be added after being warming up to 75 DEG C 6 parts of styrene, 5 parts of butyl acrylates, 7 parts of 2-hydroxyethyl methacry-lates, 3 parts of vinyl phosphoric acid dimethyl esters and 0.5 part of azodiisobutyronitrile, 12 parts of naphthalene diisocyanates are added in insulation reaction 4.5h after mixing evenly after reaction, stir 80min, obtain institute after dry State modified filler;
The foaming agent is azodicarbonamide, azodiisobutyronitrile, dinitrosopentamethylene tetramine, 4,4 '-oxos The mixture of double benzene sulfonyl hydrazides, sodium bicarbonate, and azodicarbonamide, azodiisobutyronitrile, dinitrosopentamethylene tetramine, 4,4 '-oxobenzenesulfonyl hydrazide, the weight ratio of sodium bicarbonate are 4:3:6:2:1;
The silane coupling agent is silane resin acceptor kh-550, silane coupling agent KH-560, Silane coupling reagent KH-570 Mixture, and the weight ratio of silane resin acceptor kh-550, silane coupling agent KH-560, Silane coupling reagent KH-570 is 3:5:2.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto, Anyone skilled in the art in the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technique and scheme of the present invention and its Inventive concept is subject to equivalent substitution or change, should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of mobile phone foamed material, which is characterized in that its raw material includes: ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer 100 by weight It is part, 8-20 parts of butadiene-styrene rubber, 2-8 parts of ethylene propylene diene rubber, 3-12 parts of polyformaldehyde, 2-10 parts of polyethylene, 2-10 parts of filler, wooden 1-3 parts plain, 1-2 parts of foaming agent, 0.2-1.1 parts of zinc oxide, 1-1.5 parts of stearic acid, 0.2-0.5 parts of benzoyl peroxide, a sulphur Change tetra methylthiuram 0.1-0.35 parts, 0.05-0.28 parts of sulphur, 0.1-0.2 parts of Triallyl isocyanurate, paraffin 0.1- 2 parts, 0.1-1 parts of glycerol, 0.2-1.3 parts of silane coupling agent.
2. mobile phone foamed material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, acetic acid The mass fraction of ethylene is 18-20wt%.
3. mobile phone foamed material according to claim 1 or claim 2, which is characterized in that in butadiene-styrene rubber, the quality of styrene Score is 24-25wt%.
4. mobile phone foamed material described in any one of -3 according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the filler is that modification is filled out Material;The modified filler is prepared according to following technique: by carbon black, nanometer calcium carbonate, iron oxide, carbon nanotube, hydrotalcite It is added in ethyl alcohol, adjusting pH value after mixing evenly is 3-4, and silane coupling agent KH570 is added, is warming up to 48-58 after mixing evenly DEG C reaction 15-22h, be filtered, washed after reaction, be dried to obtain material A;Material A is added in dimethylformamide and is stirred It mixes uniformly, styrene, butyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacry-late, vinyl phosphoric acid two is added after being warming up to 70-85 DEG C Methyl esters and azodiisobutyronitrile, insulation reaction 4-5h, is added naphthalene diisocyanate after reaction after mixing evenly, stirs 50- 100min obtains the modified filler after dry.
5. mobile phone foamed material according to claim 4, which is characterized in that in the preparation process of modified filler, carbon black, Nanometer calcium carbonate, iron oxide, carbon nanotube, hydrotalcite, silane coupling agent KH570 weight ratio be 15-21:3-9:2-10:1- 5:3-14:5-12.
6. mobile phone foamed material according to claim 4 or 5, which is characterized in that in the preparation process of modified filler, object Expect A, styrene, butyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacry-late, vinyl phosphoric acid dimethyl ester, azodiisobutyronitrile, naphthalene two The weight ratio of isocyanates is 3-9:5-12:4-8:3-9:1-5:0.3-0.8:5-16.
7. according to mobile phone foamed material described in any one of claim 4-5, which is characterized in that the modified filler according to Prepared by lower technique: by weight by 18 parts of carbon blacks, 7 parts of nanometer calcium carbonates, 6 parts of iron oxide, 3 parts of carbon nanotubes, 9 parts of neatlys Stone is added in 50 parts of ethyl alcohol, and adjusting pH value after mixing evenly is 3.5, and 10 parts of silane coupling agent KH570 are added, rise after mixing evenly Temperature is filtered, washed after reaction to 55 DEG C of reaction 20h, is dried to obtain material A;8 parts of material As are added 50 by weight It is stirred evenly in part dimethylformamide, 6 parts of styrene, 5 parts of butyl acrylates, 7 parts of metering systems is added after being warming up to 75 DEG C Acid -2- hydroxyl ethyl ester, 3 parts of vinyl phosphoric acid dimethyl esters and 0.5 part of azodiisobutyronitrile, insulation reaction 4.5h after mixing evenly, instead 12 parts of naphthalene diisocyanates are added after answering, stirs 80min, obtains the modified filler after dry.
8. mobile phone foamed material described in any one of -7 according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the foaming agent is azo two One of formamide, azodiisobutyronitrile, dinitrosopentamethylene tetramine, 4,4 '-oxobenzenesulfonyl hydrazide, sodium bicarbonate Or a variety of mixture.
9. mobile phone foamed material described in any one of -8 according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the silane coupling agent is silicon The mixture of one or more of alkane coupling agent KH-550, silane coupling agent KH-560, Silane coupling reagent KH-570.
CN201811001047.4A 2018-08-30 2018-08-30 A kind of mobile phone foamed material Pending CN109485982A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3865538A1 (en) * 2020-02-14 2021-08-18 Sika Technology AG Thermally expandable compositions with improved humidity storage resistance

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3865538A1 (en) * 2020-02-14 2021-08-18 Sika Technology AG Thermally expandable compositions with improved humidity storage resistance
WO2021160852A1 (en) * 2020-02-14 2021-08-19 Sika Technology Ag Thermally expandable compositions with improved humidity storage resistance
CN115087693A (en) * 2020-02-14 2022-09-20 Sika技术股份公司 Thermally expandable compositions having improved moisture and gas storage resistance

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