CN109477642A

CN109477642A - Increase the method and apparatus of cogeneration power plant efficiency using coolant inlet temperature is improved by heat pump principle

Info

Publication number: CN109477642A
Application number: CN201780027776.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 达科·雇里卡尼克
Original assignee: Univerza v Mariboru
Current assignee: Univerza v Mariboru
Priority date: 2016-05-05
Filing date: 2017-05-05
Publication date: 2019-03-15
Also published as: US20200326077A1; JP2019515237A; CA3023380A1; WO2017191505A4; WO2017191505A1; EP3452758A1; CA3023380C

Abstract

Method and apparatus for improving the efficiency of low temperature or high-temperature heating system.Described device includes: the main heat release unit (i.e. with the coproduction unit of fuel cell (FC) or internal combustion engine (ICE)) for cogeneration of heat and power and utilizes at least one at least one heat release unit (i.e. heat pump (HP)) of available waste/renewable energy heat source (HS) in ambient enviroment (A), the heat that wherein heat pump generates is preferably used for preheating the heat transfer medium in the reflux pipeline of closed loop heating system, and wherein main heat release unit is horizontal for heating the heat transfer medium the required temperature with heat supply network.The apparatus according to the invention may include the main heat release unit of one or more in the heat pump (HP) and series, parallel or cascade connection circuit of one or more identical or different types.

Description

Increase cogeneration of heat and power electricity using coolant inlet temperature is improved by heat pump principle The method and apparatus of factory's efficiency

Technical field

The main object of the present invention be related to by using using available renewable low-temperature heat source (that is: from ambient enviroment/ Ground) heat pump principle increase heating/cooling power method and apparatus of coproduction and/or three coproduction power plant, wherein by heat The heat for pumping the utilization of principle and generating is preferably used for preheating, more specifically, for improving in the reflux pipeline with heat supply network The temperature (i.e. district heating) of heat transfer medium.

Background technique

Heat pump used in the prior art is used in many designs by being increased using Waste Heat Recovery and renewable heat source The heating power of heat-flash cogeneration system.A kind of fuel cell is disclosed according to the scheme of US20100003552, has and utilizes The built-in heat pump in fuel battery waste heat source (i.e. exhaust gas), proposed in the critical defect of scheme be to generate fuel cell Waste heat be used for heat pump principle utilization.Therefore, compared with aspects disclosed herein, due to the high temperature of heat transfer medium, the heat pump Energy Efficiency Ratio (coefficient of performance, COP) it is poor.It is important to note that in US20100003552 The required temperature that the heat of fuel cell is upgraded to heat transfer medium using heat pump is horizontal, on the contrary, aspects disclosed herein be by Renewable heat source from ambient enviroment is used for the utilization of heat pump principle, and wherein target temperature is by utilizing main heat machine for releasing What group/main heat source of release (the fuel battery waste heat source i.e. under high temperature heat level) was realized.In addition, the prior art further includes being permitted Other more schemes, such as EP2299098, DE2009002103 and US20060059911.

A kind of co-generation system driven by combustion gas or liquid fuel is disclosed according to the scheme of EP2299098, has and uses In the built-in heat pump that waste heat source utilizes.EP2299098 is not instructed or can openly be made those skilled in the art to improve heat Whole efficiency and the COP of the power conversion of pump and the heat generated by heat pump is introduced into any dark of the reflux pipeline with hot loop Show.

It similarly, include the coproduction unit with built-in heat pump according to the scheme of US20060059911, the built-in heat pump Utilization for renewable heat source.It is contrasted with aspect disclosed herein, the heat which generates is not configured to will be cold But the inlet temperature of agent medium is increased to its maximum permissible value and is used to upgrade heat and improve the reflux pipeline for matching hot loop In heat transfer medium temperature, and the heat that is upgraded of renewable energy (i.e. ground loop) is only introduced into storage tank as matching The heat source of hot loop.Therefore, the COP of disclosed scheme and gross efficiency are significant lower than aspects disclosed herein.Equally, do not have yet Those skilled in the art can be guided to realize any hint of aspects disclosed herein.

Disclosed in scheme as will be explained herein, according to 39 12 113 institute of patent DE 10 2,012 106894 and DE The major defect of disclosed scheme is: not disclosing and connect evaporator and waste heat source recycling unit to be used for closed loop Any hint of direct Waste Heat Reuse.

Summary of the invention

Coproduction and three co-generation systems, heat pump, gas turbine, generator and Thermal Motor or internal combustion engine or external-combustion engine are It is well known to be used to main energy being converted into the device that mechanical or electrical energy is then converted to the process of thermal energy.Therefore, in this patent Shen Please in the operation of these processes is not explained in detail in.Similarly, it is then converted to for main source of energy to be converted into electric energy The co-generation system of the fuel cell pack of thermal energy and heat pump for heat to be pumped into higher temperature levels from lower temperature levels It is well known in the prior art technical solution, therefore, is not also explained in detail in these journeys in the context of the present patent application The operation of sequence and process.

The apparatus according to the invention preferably includes at least Thermal Motor (that is: a fuel cell, internal combustion engine or outer Combustion engine etc.) coproduction or three co-generation system components, wherein its device run during waste heat preferably pass through heat exchanger receive Collection, thus reuse and be transmitted to the closed loop including heat transfer medium from its cooling and/or exhaust system, the heat transfer medium For transmitting heat in pipe network.The closed loop should be considered as one with heat supply network, set for part house, central heating Standby, district heating equipment a part；Or the net is a part of the installation of automobile, truck or ship.Similarly, described Heat transfer medium is preferably liquid (i.e. the mixture of water or water and ethylene glycol), and wherein heat is whole by circulating in for heat transfer medium It is transmitted in a pipe network.In order to make it easy to understand, the heat source of coproduction/tri- co-generation systems (i.e. cooling/exhaust system) should be considered as power plant Main heat discharge unit/main heat source of release, be mainly used for heating with the heat transfer medium in heat supply network to required temperature water It is flat.In addition, the apparatus according to the invention further preferably includes at least one water source/type utilized for renewable heat source and waste heat source Heat pump, wherein at least part heat generated by the heat pump is used to for the heat transfer in the reflux pipeline with heat supply network being situated between The temperature of matter is increased to its maximum permissible value, wherein threshold value and setting value should according to component specification definition that manufacturer provides (i.e.- The maximum allowable inlet temperature of the coolant (heat transfer medium) of internal combustion engine, fuel cell etc.).It is understood that being produced by heat pump Raw is preferably used for reaching and keeping under the temperature levels of maximum possible as time heat of (assisting) heat source of release Inlet temperature of the heat transfer medium in the reflux pipeline with heat supply network, to be realized and utilized in terms of collection of energy best possible COP and overall system efficiency.

Utilization (i.e. liquid-gas phase transformation recycles) for heat pump principle, is integrated to coproduction group for single-stage or two-stage heat pump Independent subassembly in part, or as power plant.In a preferred embodiment, at least one renewable heat source is followed for liquid-gas phase transformation Ring utilizes the utilization to realize heat pump principle, wherein advanced embodiment should collect all available heat sources, the waste heat including power plant Source (that is: exhaust gas, oil cooling system, pressurized air) and ambient enviroment/space heat source (i.e. air, soil/Ground Heat, underground heat, Underground water, river, lake or ponding, GEOTHERMAL WATER etc.).

Next, by means of attached drawing and combining explanation the sheet that the present invention will be described in more detail preferably with alternate embodiment Matter.Technical problem

The technical issues of proposing in present patent application, which is a lack of, improves power plant (i.e. coproduction/tri- coproduction power plant) whole efficiency Method and apparatus, wherein any known scheme in prior art all without disclosure or provides any following hint: built in utilization The temperature of main heat transfer medium in reflux pipeline of the heat that heat pump generates to improve heat transfer medium distribution network will be (that is, will be used for Coolant in the supply line of the cooling system of main heat release unit is preheating to its maximum allowable inlet temperature).It is existing Having known coproduction and/or three coproduction power plant in technology includes main heat release unit.The main heat release unit includes heat Force engine, fuel cell, internal combustion engine or external-combustion engine, and be mainly used for heating the heat transfer medium the required temperature that target matches heat supply network Degree is horizontal.But providing without a kind of known scheme can make technical staff that heat pump principle is used for renewable heat source utilization To improve any hint of coolant inlet temperature, wherein being preferably introduced with heat supply network using the heat generated by heat pump principle Reflux pipeline in and permit for the temperature of the coolant of the cooling system of the main heat release unit to be increased to its maximum Perhaps it is worth (i.e. the maximum allowable inlet temperature of the coolant of the cooling system of internal combustion engine, fuel cell etc.).

Solution to the problem

Coproduction and three co-generation systems, heat pump, gas turbine, generator and Thermal Motor or internal combustion engine or external-combustion engine are It is well known to be used to main energy being converted into the device that mechanical or electrical energy is then converted to the process of thermal energy, therefore, in this patent Shen Please in the operation of these processes is not explained in detail in.Similarly, it is then converted to for main source of energy to be converted into electric energy The co-generation system of the fuel cell pack of thermal energy and heat pump for heat to be pumped into higher temperature levels from lower temperature levels It is well known in the prior art process, therefore, is not also explained in detail in these journeys in the context of the present patent application The operation of sequence and process.

It includes at least a Thermal Motor, fuel cell, internal combustion engine or external combustion that the apparatus according to the invention, which is preferably, Machine etc.) coproduction or three co-generation system components, wherein its waste heat for generating during device is run preferably passes through heat exchanger It collects, to reuse and be transmitted to the closed loop including heat transfer medium from its cooling and/or exhaust system, which is situated between Matter in pipe network for transmitting heat.The closed loop should be considered as one with heat supply network, set for part house, central heating Standby, district heating equipment a part；Or the net is adapted for assembling the sub- accessory of automobile, truck or ship.It is similar Ground, the heat transfer medium are preferably liquid (i.e. the mixture of water or water and ethylene glycol), wherein heat following by heat transfer medium Ring transmits in entire pipe network.In order to make it easy to understand, the heat source of coproduction/tri- co-generation systems (i.e. cooling/exhaust system) should be regarded For the main heat source of cogeneration power plant, it is mainly used for improving the temperature at least one of heat supply network heat transfer medium to required Temperature levels.

In addition, the apparatus according to the invention further preferably includes at least one water utilized for renewable heat source and waste heat source Source/type heat pump, wherein be used for by least part heat that the heat pump generates by the biography in the reflux pipeline with heat supply network The temperature of thermal medium is increased to its maximum permissible value, and the component specification that wherein threshold value and setting value should be provided according to manufacturer defines (the maximum allowable inlet temperature of the coolant (heat transfer medium) of i.e.-internal combustion engine, fuel cell etc.).It is understood that by heat The heat that pump generates should be considered as time (i.e. spare) heat source of release, be preferably used for assigning in the temperature levels of maximum possible To and keep the inlet temperature of coolant (that is, heat transfer medium in reflux pipeline), thus in terms of collection of energy and power conversion Realize and utilize best possible COP and overall system efficiency.

The apparatus according to the invention include an at least heat pump comprising compressor, evaporator, expansion valve, condenser and Other subassemblies of the prior art, wherein single-stage or two-stage heat pump are integrated in coproduction component, or the independent son as power plant Component.In a preferred embodiment, during heat pump principle utilizes, the low-temperature heat source of at least one renewable energy is for making institute Working media evaporation is stated, wherein any available heat source, waste heat source and week including power plant should be collected and be utilized to alternate embodiment Collarette border/space heat source (i.e. air, soil/Ground Heat, underground heat, underground water, river, lake or ponding, GEOTHERMAL WATER etc.).

Beneficial effects of the present invention

According to the present invention, heat pump is used to heat the cooling fluid of heat consumption device downstream (i.e. in reflux pipeline).From In it can be seen that at least two advantages: on the one hand, the temperature at reflux pipeline is lower than the temperature at supply line, and such heat pump is just Fluid must be heated to lower temperature (more preferably COP).Therefore, on the other hand, control parameter is to discharge for main heat The temperature of the cooling fluid of cooling system (i.e. the cooling system of internal combustion engine, fuel cell) inlet of unit.The temperature ratio is used The classical water temperature (fluctuating smaller) at family is easier to control.Therefore, it is necessary to it is noted that by the utilization of heat pump principle, at least The low-temperature heat quantity that a part can be obtained from ambient enviroment (i.e. surface water < 10 DEG C) is upgraded to the heat (that is: 60 of higher temperature DEG C to maximum coolant inlet temperature).The heat of generation is preferably introduced into the reflux pipeline with heat supply network, it is therefore an objective to will be used Preferably increase in the inlet temperature of the coolant of the cooling system (i.e. fuel battery cooling system) of main heat source ancillary equipment The maximum permissible value of accessory manufacturer defined, to realize actually higher overall power conversion efficiency.Similarly, It is equally important that at least one outlet of the condenser unit of the heat pump is suitable for and at least one from the perspective of device The inflow entrance of the cooling system (i.e. the cooling system of fuel cell, internal combustion engine etc.) of main heat release unit is associated.

Detailed description of the invention

Fig. 1 shows the schematic diagram of preferred device according to the embodiment of the invention.Such as lower part is shown and marked in Fig. 1 Part: fuel cell (FC), cogeneration of heat and power (CHP), heat exchanger (HE1, HE2), the heat pump for having complementary condenser (HPC) (HP), evaporator (HPE), compressor (C) and expansion valve (EV), valve (V1), hatch (H1), pump (PU1 to PU2), cable (EC), matching between storage heater (HA), external environment-ambient enviroment (A) and heat source and heat consumption device (HC) (loading) The pipeline of heat supply network.

Fig. 2 shows the schematic diagrames according to the simplified embodiment of the device of Fig. 1.It is shown in Fig. 2 and marks such as lower component: combustion Expect battery (FC), heat exchanger (HE1), heat pump (HP), hatch (H1), pump (PU1 to PU2), cable (EC), storage heater (HA), The pipeline with heat supply network between ambient enviroment (A), renewable energy (HS) and heat source and heat consumption device (HC).

Fig. 3 shows the schematic diagram of the advanced embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention.Such as lower part is shown and marked in Fig. 3 Part: the fuel cell (FC) of the heat exchanger (HE1 and HE2) with adaptation, with complementary condenser (HPC) heat pump (HP), Evaporator (HPE and HPEX), hatch (H1, H2), pump (PU1-PU3), cable (EC), stores the compressor (C) with expansion valve (EV) Match heat supply network between hot device (HA), ambient enviroment (A) and heat source and heat consumption device (HC).

Fig. 4 shows the schematic diagram of another embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention, with schematic diagram shown in Fig. 1 Similar, wherein cogeneration of heat and power (CHP) component includes internal combustion engine (ICE).Such as lower component: cogeneration of heat and power is shown and marked in Fig. 4 (CHP), the internal combustion engine (ICE) of the cooling system with adaptation (CS), for producing generator (G), the heat exchanger of electric power (HE1, HE2), heat pump (HP), evaporator (HPE1), compressor (C), the expansion valve (EV), cabin for having complementary condenser (HPC) Mouth (H1), pump (PU1 to PU2), storage heater (HA), ambient enviroment (A), renewable energy (HS) and heat source and heat consumption The pipeline with heat supply network between device (HC).

Fig. 5 shows the schematic diagram of the advanced embodiment of the device according to Fig. 4.It is shown in Fig. 5 and marks such as lower component: packet Include with adaptation cooling system (CS) internal combustion engine (ICE) and heat exchanger (HE1, HE2) cogeneration of heat and power (CHP) component, For producing generator (G), cable (EC), heat pump (HP), evaporator (HPE1 to HPE2), compressor (C), expansion valve of electric power (EV), hatch (H1 to H2), pump (PU1-PU3), storage heater (HA), ambient enviroment (A), renewable energy (HS) and heat source The pipeline with heat supply network between heat consumption device (HC).

Specific embodiment

Example

In a preferred embodiment, cogeneration of heat and power (CHP) component includes at least one main heat source (i.e. fuel cell (FC) or interior Combustion engine (ICE)).The main heat source has heat exchanger (HE1, HE2), the Yi Jiyong of the adaptation for waste heat (i.e. flue gas) recycling In the heat pump (HP) at least one evaporator (HPE) with adaptation that renewable energy (HS) utilizes.It can from Fig. 1 and Fig. 4 To find out, the waste heat of the main heat source for cogeneration of heat and power (CHP) component is at least partially through heat exchanger (HE1, HE2) It is introduced into in heat supply network, wherein the high temperature heat of flue gas introduces the supply line with heat supply network (i.e. by first heat exchanger (HE1) The temperature of flue gas is reduced to 140 DEG C or less).Similarly, second heat exchanger (HE2) is preferably adapted to through low land as far as possible The temperature (preferably < 35 DEG C) of flue gas is reduced to utilize remaining low-temperature heat quantity, wherein the low-temperature heat quantity collected is due to its low temperature Level is preferably introduced the reflux pipeline for matching heat supply network.It is appreciated that can only be wrapped according to the scheme of invention disclosed herein A heat exchanger is included, as shown in Figure 2.It or as an alternative, may include the more of series, parallel or cascade connection with heat supply network A heat exchanger.Therefore, and if until there are enough temperature differences come carry out the utilization of heat flux principle (i.e. convection current, pass Lead), then the low-temperature waste heat can be used directly and be transmitted to described with heat supply network.Therefore, described to may include with heat supply network Multiple bypass connections, (for manipulating control valve/hatch (H1, H2) of flue gas volume flow) as shown in Figs. 1-5 or as schemed (for manipulating the control valve (V1) of heat transfer medium) shown in 1.It is understood, however, that any heat transfer in heat supply network The mass/volume flow of medium can by other devices (such as motor-operated control valve, sensor, pump (PU1-PU3)) etc. at Controls and automate to function.

As described below, there is the heat of the built-in (i.e. heat exchanger (HE1, HE2)) utilized for flue gas waste source Electricity Federation, which produces (CHP) component, indicates that the main heat of power plant discharges unit/main heat machine for releasing source, wherein other heat related with power plant Source (i.e. internal combustion engine (ICE) cooling system (CS)) is also considered as main heat release unit/main heat machine for releasing source a part.

As known to part in the prior art, cogeneration of heat and power (CHP) component may include heat pump (HP) to improve available heat sources The gross efficiency utilized.The heat pump (HP) includes an at least evaporator (HPE), is suitable for receiving from least one recoverable heat The heat in source (HS).It is utilized by heat pump principle and received heat is upgraded to higher temperature (that is: 60 DEG C), and at least partly Ground is transmitted to heat supply network.Must be noted that by the heat that is generated according to the heat pump (HP) of invention disclosed herein preferably by It is introduced into the reflux pipeline with heat supply network (i.e. from the supply line from the perspective of each cooling system of main heat source).In addition, hot The heat that pump (HP) generates is preferred for reaching and keeping the maximum allowable inlet temperature of cogeneration of heat and power (CHP) component accessory (the i.e. maximum coolant inlet temperature of fuel cell (FC) cooling system；The maximum of internal combustion engine (ICE) cooling system (CS) is cooling Agent inlet temperature), wherein target set point and threshold value must be calibrated and be permitted by accessory manufacturer.

It is important to note that aspects disclosed herein will come from ambient enviroment (A) (i.e. air, soil using heat pump principle Earth/Ground Heat, underground heat, underground water, river, lake or ponding, GEOTHERMAL WATER etc.) available renewable heat source (HS) Low Temperature Thermal Amount is upgraded to set-point target value appropriate.The set-point target value is given for cogeneration of heat and power (CHP) component auxiliary and sets Standby target cooling system.As described below, at least when power plant is with oepration at full load, at least one main heat discharges the cold of unit But the inlet temperature of the coolant of system increases to its maximum permissible value or reasonable value.

According to Fig. 3 and Fig. 5, at least part waste heat from cogeneration of heat and power (CHP) component (i.e. heat exchanger (HE2)) is used In make heat pump (HP) principle utilize in working media vaporize.As described below, heat pump (HP) may include more evaporators (HPE1, HPE2) and/or condenser (HPC), it is used for the utilization of single or multiple low temperature wastes and renewable heat source (HS).Pass through heat pump (HP) heat that principle utilizes and upgrades still is preferably used for pre- hot coolant (heat transfer Jie i.e. in the reflux pipeline with heat supply network Matter) to the maximum inlet temperature of its permission, as previously mentioned, the coolant is used for cogeneration of heat and power (CHP) component ancillary equipment (i.e. Cooling system (CS)).Since main purpose according to the method for the present invention is first is that by the heat generated is utilized by heat pump principle The reflux pipeline with heat supply network is introduced (that is, the confession for fuel cell (FC) or the coolant of internal combustion engine (ICE) cooling system (CS) Answer pipeline), so at least heat pump (HP) condenser (HPC) is suitable for that the heat transfer generated will be utilized by heat pump (HP) principle To the reflux pipeline for matching heat supply network.

In order to make it easy to understand, the following details of the subassembly of proposed scheme is described below.

The apparatus according to the invention may include that any kind of nominal power range (is less than the nominal function of 10k including scale The minisize thermoelectric coproduction power plant of rate) in fuel cell (FC).The complicated embodiment of the scheme proposed may include in parallel, series connection Or multiple fuel cells (FC) heap unit of cascade connection, or any combination thereof.As the substituted or supplemented of fuel cell, thermoelectricity Coproduction (CHP) component may include more internal combustion engine/external-combustion engines (that is: diesel engine, Stirling engine etc.), and wherein each can To further comprise generator (G).Therefore generate electric power can completely or partially be used for cogeneration of heat and power (CHP) component (including The compressor (C) of heat pump (HP) and other ancillary equipments of the apparatus according to the invention) propulsion.

Each unit of main heat source (i.e. fuel cell (FC), internal combustion engine (ICE)) can be in hydrogen, natural gas, biogas, first It is run under conditions of alcohol, dimethyl ether, liquefied petroleum gas, gasoline, petroleum, diesel oil, biodiesel or any other fuel, this is existing Have well known in technology.The apparatus according to the invention further includes storage heater (HA), for compensate customer (HC) heat demand and Equalization target matches the caloric requirement peak demand of heat supply network design.The heat utilized for waste heat source and/or renewable heat source (HS) is handed over Parallel operation may include the type of heat exchanger commonly known in the art, wherein the case where using condensed heat exchanger device Under, it should also include attachment device, the deionizater etc. neutralized for dead flue air cooling condensate.It is appreciated that disclosed raising The method of energy conversion efficiency is applicable to any fixation or mobile application, including ship, aircraft and other means of transports.Heat Customer (HC) can be target application (i.e. low temperature or high-temperature area heating；HVAC etc.) any accessory.The compression Machine (C) is preferably powered by the electric energy that generator (G) or fuel cell (FC) provide.In another embodiment, the compression Machine should be powered by other available power sources that mechanically or electrically move (that is: by the power generation of the mechanical connection driving with internal combustion engine (ICE) Machine (G), electric power from power grid etc.).The heat supply network of matching should include single or multiple loops heat transfer attachment device, should include using In the single or multiple open loop attachment devices (that is: being prepared for health hot water) of heat distribution.As described below, should include with heat supply network One or more liquid or air accumulation state/under the conditions of heat transfer medium (that is: be water with heat transfer medium preferred in heat supply network； The heat transfer medium for being preferably used in internal combustion engine (ICE) and its heat exchanger/cooling system (CS) is the mixture of water and ethylene glycol Deng).

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the device and method disclosed herein for improving power conversion efficiency can be complete Or partly can reverse operating, therefore, in the case where running heat pump with reversible format, disclosed device provides plus hot and cold But operational mode.From in Fig. 1-5 it can be clearly seen that heat pump principle under inverted running mode is utilized as heat consumption (i.e. region is cooling for device (HC)；The cooling system of vehicle；HVAC etc.) cooling power is provided.In order to realize in any situation and regulation Under the conditions of device sustainable and stable operation, the waste heat management of device ancillary equipment allows for providing cooling system (CS) Necessary spare cooling capacity.It is appreciated that may include series, parallel or cascade connection according to the device of disclosed invention Its single or multiple subassembly are (that is, fuel cell (FC), internal combustion engine (ICE), heat pump (HP), heat exchanger (HE), heat consumption Device (HC) etc.).It must be noted that at least one in included heat pump (HP) utilization for being used for renewable heat source (HS). The heat of at least part upgrading generated by utilizing for heat pump principle is for reaching and maintaining device for device to assist Maximum allowable inlet temperature (the i.e. fuel cell inlet temperature of the cooling medium of component；Cooling system (CS) inlet temperature etc.). Therefore, at least one of heat pump (HP) condenser (HPC) is adapted for couple to described cold at least one main heat source in heat supply network But the supply line of system (CS), it is therefore an objective to by the cooling of fuel cell (FC) (or internal combustion engine/external-combustion engine cooling system (CS)) Agent inlet temperature is increased to its maximum allowable temperature (that is, the set point of maximum coolant inlet temperature, includes optional threshold value With optional different running method；Maximum performance；Maximum power；Maximal efficiency；Minimum operating cost, etc.).

In the case that above-mentioned all the elements are all initially the cogenerations of heat and power in high temperature or the power distribution network of low-temperature heat Description.Therefore, the described device and method without significant variation are applied equally to other movements and fixation means, example Such as vehicle, ship, drying machine, industrial process, greenhouse.

Industrial applicibility

From disclosed description as can be seen that by using heat pump (HP) principle for waste heat source and renewable heat source benefit Method for improving the whole efficiency of power conversion includes the following steps which represent the sides for using the apparatus according to the invention The key feature of method.

Fuel combustion process.In this process, at least one main heat source unit (i.e. fuel cell (FC), internal combustion engine are utilized (ICE) etc. cooling system (i.e. heat exchanger)) is collected waste heat and is provided described at least one of heat supply network for heating The main heat of heat transfer medium discharges unit.When the main heat source of release/main heat release unit open and by burning or Burning fuel when running, produces at least one waste heat source in other exothermic process.It therefore, should be using in parallel, series connection Or multiple heats of each cooling system of cascade connection discharge unit to provide the advanced embodiment of main heat release unit.

Renewable heat utilization process.The process includes that the heat of at least one low-temperature heat source is collected from ambient enviroment (A) The process of amount, wherein collecting at least part available heat sources from renewable heat source group using at least one heat exchanger. The renewable heat source group includes: surrounding air, soil/Ground Heat, underground heat, underground water, river, lake and ponding.Therefore, it answers The advanced dress utilized for renewable heat collection process is provided using multiple heat exchangers of in parallel, series connection or cascade connection It sets.

Waste heat recovery process.The process includes collecting the process of waste heat, (the i.e. hot friendship of wherein at least one Waste Heat Recovery unit Parallel operation) for collecting at least part heat of at least one waste heat source from waste heat source group.The waste heat source group includes: exhaust The pressurized air or the lubricating oil in lubricating oil cooling system of flue gas, charge air cooling system in system.Therefore, Ying Li The advanced means utilized for waste heat recovery process are provided with the multiple Waste Heat Recovery units connected in parallel or series.

Liquid-gas phase transformation heating power recycles process.In this process, at least when the heat pump (HP) is opened and is run, An at least heat pump (HP) is applied to provide for heating the secondary heat release at least one of heat supply network heat transfer medium Unit.Therefore, the advanced of time heat release unit is provided using multiple heat pumps (HP) unit of in parallel, series connection or cascade connection Version.

The use for the heat utilized for liquid-gas phase transformation collected.In this process, the heat that at least part is collected is used It is recycled in liquid-gas phase transformation.Also, at least by the heat of at least one heat pump (HP) generation in secondary heat release unit A part preferably reaches its maximum allowable entry value, the coolant is used for increasing the temperature of coolant (i.e. heat transfer medium) In the cooling system of at least one main heat release unit.

The heat carried out in described at least one closed loop with heat supply network is circulated in by least one heat transfer medium Distribution.In this process, the temperature of the heat distribution medium of the cooling system of at least one main heat release unit is substantially high The minimum temperature of heat distribution medium at least one heat consumption device (HC).Therefore, liter is utilized by heat pump principle At least part heat of grade is introduced into the reflux pipeline for matching heat supply network.Therefore at least reaching the design temperature with heat supply network simultaneously And the internal combustion engine (ICE) and heat pump (HP) discharge the heat transfer medium of unit (i.e. for cooling down main heat in oepration at full load Coolant) inlet temperature be substantially higher than 35 DEG C.

Other than the representational method for using the apparatus according to the invention, it is also necessary to a small amount of explanation and definition. Combustion process is substantially a time-continuing process, and each unit of the main heat release unit is usually in its minimum and maximum It works normally between rated operating power, works under the nominal rated power preferably in continuing working.It is similar Ground, it is substantially a time-continuing process that liquid-gas phase transformation heating power, which recycles process, wherein the heat pump (HP) is in its minimum and most It works between big rated operating power, works under the nominal rated power preferably in continuing working.If closed Suitable, the fuel combustion process of complicated (i.e. advanced) cogeneration power plant should be by multiple main heat release unit (i.e. fuel electricity Pond (CF), internal combustion engine (ICE) etc.) Lai Shixian.With the heat between each unit within the scope of heat supply network with series, parallel or cascade Mode is transmitted, it is therefore an objective to transmit heat between each engine-cooling system.Similarly, liquid-gas phase transformation heating power recycles Process should be used by multiple heat pumps (HP) unit, to provide time heat for advanced large-scale cogeneration power plant (i.e. scale > 1MW) Discharge unit.

Although according to the method for the present invention with the key feature of device first is that discharging unit coolant for each main heat Temperature establishes scheduled setting value, but thermal energy balance adjusting can also execute in the following manner: the adjustment secondary heat release The power of unit (that is: heat pump (HP)), and/or each machine of adjustment main heat release unit (that is: fuel cell (FC)) The cooling system of the power of group, and/or each unit for discharging unit by the main heat adjusts the quality of main heat transfer medium Flow, and/or the mass flow of the main heat transfer medium is adjusted by the heat pump (HP), and/or by least one use The mass flow of time heat transfer medium is adjusted in the circuit of heat for collecting at least one renewable heat source or waste heat source.Therefore, The mass flow with the main heat transfer medium in hot loop is adjusted by changing the flow velocity in hot loop；And/or The mass flow of secondary heat transfer medium in the closed loop is adjusted by changing the flow velocity in the closed loop, wherein It is adjusted by switching (i.e. ON/OFF adjusting) and/or the power by adjusting at least one circulating pump with carrying out mass flow adjusting The whole speed with the heat transfer medium in heat supply network.Similarly, the secondary heat transfer medium in the closed loop utilized for waste heat source Mass flow adjusted by flow adjusting, wherein at least a part time heat transfer medium stream is led again in the closed loop Stream, to provide bypass connection at least one Waste Heat Recovery unit.Therefore, the matter of the main heat transfer medium adjusted for thermal energy balance Amount flow is adjusted and/or the adjusting of the mass flow of secondary heat transfer medium is determined by least one control unit (i.e. electronic controller), Control and execution, wherein the position of self-checking device and/or state (open/close or ON/OFF is adjusted) are relative to institute It states and is adjusted with the heat demand in heat supply network.

The apparatus according to the invention further includes at least one control unit.This controller should be adjusted for heat management Autonomous devices.Or alternatively, at least it is used for the basic of the thermal management controller of determination process, comparison procedure and implementation procedure Function can be incorporated to and be implemented into the master controller or any other subassembly controller of cogeneration power plant.It was determining Cheng Zhong, environment and heat condition with heat supply network are determined by heat sensor, pressure sensor or other sensors.Carry out autogamy heat supply network or interior At least one input of at least one sensor of combustion engine (ICE) is used for comparison procedure, and wherein at least one inputs parameter extremely A few value (i.e., it is preferable that the temperature of the main heat transfer medium in engine-cooling system) is analyzed and is compared with limiting value Compared with limiting value is preferably predefined and is stored in control unit.Therefore, implementation procedure includes executing to be stored in control unit In instruction to generate the process of output signal appropriate, wherein the parameter that at least one is adjusted for thermal energy balance is by controlling Electronic equipment cooperate with self-checking device generation, execute and implement, to reach and keep set threshold value.The threshold value is determined Justice is between the equivalent maximum value and minimum value of setting, it is therefore an objective to provide lag for thermal energy balance adjusting.

It is appreciated that control unit (i.e. electronic module) can be communicated with various output devices, wherein heat transfer meshes The temperature of heat transfer medium is by including that one group of self-checking device of motor-driven valve, pump and sensor is determined, controls and adjusted.Adjust dress It sets and is preferably adapted to by least one control unit manipulation.In addition, with thermal process is matched by least one heat transfer medium in heat supply network It provides, is preferably provided by a variety of heat distribution media (i.e. Fig. 3 and Fig. 5).Therefore, the heat in the heat transfer meshes passes through main heat transfer Circulation of the medium at least one closed loop and be transmitted to heat consumption device (HC) from main heat release unit.Similarly, Heat from Waste Heat Recovery unit is transmitted to heat pump by time circulation of the heat transfer medium at least one closed loop (HP).Main heat transfer medium is further transmitted to from heat pump (HP) condenser unit by the heat that an at least heat pump (HP) upgrades It (i.e. increased coolant inlet temperature) and is further escalated in the cooling system of at least one main heat release unit.

In short, the renewable heat source (HS) and cooling circuit of cogeneration units (CHP) (are expressed as low-temperature waste heat herein Source) it is used for the utilization of water source high-temperature heat pump (HP), wherein the output of its hot water is preferably used for establishing and maintaining for single main heat Amount discharges the highest possible or maximum of the main heat transfer medium of unit (i.e. fuel cell (FC), internal combustion engine (ICE) etc.) cooling system Allow temperature.It is understood that all important components with hot loop preferably operably couple for heat transfer medium Circulation, wherein the compressor of built-in heat pump (HP) should be driven by motor, by the power supply from power grid or generator (G), or Alternatively, if appropriate, high temperature heat pump (HP) compressor should also be mechanically coupled to internal combustion engine (ICE) and be driven by it person.This Outside, from the foregoing description it can be clearly seen that the main heat transfer medium in preferred embodiment is water.Similarly it is preferred that implementing Secondary heat transfer medium in example is the mixture of water and ethylene glycol.

In description in front, the person skilled in the art will easily understand the case where not departing from concept disclosed herein Under, it can modify to the present invention.Unless these claims are expressly stated otherwise, otherwise these modifications should be considered as include In following following claims.

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Patent document

[1]PTL1:US20100003552

[2]PTL2:US20100003552

[3]PTL3:EP2299098

[4]PTL4:DE2009002103

[5]PTL5:US20060059911

Non-patent literature

NPL1:

Claims (according to the 19th article of modification of treaty)

1. a kind of be used to heat in heat supply network by using the heat pump utilized for waste heat source (HP) principle by cogeneration system At least one heat transfer medium method, which comprises

Heat distribution process, wherein at least one is used for heat supply network will at least one of heat supply network heat transfer medium stream described in Heat transfer gives target heat consumption device (HC)；

Main heat producing processes, wherein at least one cogeneration system is for providing main heat release unit, wherein at least one At least one cooling system (CS) in a main heat producing processes is for providing the main heat for heating at least one heat transfer medium Discharge unit；Match described in outlet introducing of the heat that wherein the main heat release unit generates by the cooling system (CS) The feeding line of heat supply network；And wherein at least when main heat release unit is opened and passes through the burning fuel in conversion process of energy And when converting the fuel into heat while operation, produce the waste heat source of at least one exhaust gas form；

Waste heat recovery process, wherein at least one Waste Heat Recovery unit is for extracting and collecting at least the one of at least one waste heat source Partial heat, at least one described waste heat source include the flue gas in the exhaust system of the main heat producing processes；

Secondary heat producing processes, wherein at least one heat pump (HP) is for providing time heat release unit, wherein the heat pump (HP) at least one condenser is used to provide to be released for heating the secondary heat at least one of heat supply network heat transfer medium Put unit；Wherein the liquid-gas phase transformation thermodynamic cycle of working media is used to for the heat of available heat sources being upgraded to the temperature of greater degree Degree is horizontal；Wherein, the cooling system of main heat release unit is introduced by the heat that the secondary heat release unit generates (CS), therefore, at least when the heat pump (HP) is opened and run in the heating under the conditions of nominal power, by the heat pump (HP) heat that principle is utilized and generated is used to the heat transfer medium of the cooling system (CS) being preheating to target temperature water It is flat；

Renewable heat utilization process further comprises extracting and collecting heat from least one renewable heat source (HS) Evaporation of the heat that process, wherein at least a part are collected for the working media in the utilization of liquid-gas phase transformation heating power circulation theory； The method is characterized in that:

By extracting the heat of flue gas in the exhaust system that main heat discharges unit in the waste heat recovery process At least part heat of collection is utilized, wherein at least part for the heat collected by least one Waste Heat Recovery unit At least the one of the heat pump (HP) is passed to by circulation of the heat transfer medium in basic closed network attachment device A evaporator unit；The network connection device includes: at least one Waste Heat Recovery unit and at least one evaporator unit；Cause This, at least part waste heat of Lai Zizhu heat release unit is directly used in the evaporation of working media, and the working media is used for Liquid-gas phase transformation heating power recycles；Wherein, by condensing workflow at least one condenser unit of the heat pump (HP) Body introduces the cooling to carry out the utilizations of the secondary heat producing processes, by the heat generated by liquid-gas phase transformation thermodynamic cycle System (CS)；Wherein, the heat transfer medium is heated to finally by the cooling system (CS) in the main heat producing processes Temperature levels.

2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized by:

The waste heat recovery process includes flue gas condensation process, wherein collected heat is used for the benefit of heat pump (HP) principle With, and wherein the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to 23 DEG C or less；

The temperature of heat transfer medium in the heat transfer meshes determines by the self-checking device that one group includes valve, pump and sensor, Control and adjusting, wherein the regulating device is preferably adapted to by least one control unit manipulation.

3. according to the method described in claim 2, it is characterized by:

The main heat producing processes are provided by multiple main heat sources, and the main heat source includes fuel cell (FC), internal combustion engine (ICE), group composed by external-combustion engine, wherein the heat within the scope of heat supply network is to connect, and/or in parallel and/or cascade connects The mode connect is transmitted, so that providing the first heat discharges unit；

The liquid-gas phase transformation heating power recycles process and is provided by multiple heat pumps (HP) unit, wherein described within the scope of heat supply network Heat by connect, and/or in parallel and/or cascade system in a manner of transmit, to provide the secondary heat release unit；

With the heat distribution process in heat supply network by multiple heat distribution media implementations, wherein the heat in the heat transfer meshes is logical The circulation for the main heat transfer medium crossed at least one closed loop and from the first heat release unit be transmitted to the heat consumption Device (HC)；And it is wherein further transferred by the heat that at least one heat pump (HP) upgrades and is released at least one main heat It puts in the coolant of the cooling system of unit.

4. according to the method described in claim 3, it is characterized by:

The temperature of the main heat transfer medium in the engine-cooling system of the internal combustion engine (ICE) is maintained at scheduled and sets Definite value, wherein thermal energy balance is adjusted executes in the following manner: adjusting power, and/or the adjustment master of the heat pump (HP) Heat discharges the power of unit, and/or adjusts the main biography by the cooling system (CS) that the main heat discharges unit The mass flow of thermal medium, and/or the mass flow of the main heat transfer medium is adjusted by the heat pump (HP), and/or is passed through The mass flow of the secondary heat transfer medium is adjusted in the closed loop utilized for waste heat source.

5. according to the method described in claim 4, it is characterized by:

The mass flow with the main heat transfer medium in hot loop is by changing the flow velocity in hot loop To adjust；And/or the mass flow of the secondary heat transfer medium in the closed loop is by changing the closed loop In flow velocity adjust, wherein adjusted by switching and/or the power by adjusting at least one circulating pump in heat supply network The speed of heat transfer medium.

6. according to the method described in claim 4, it is characterized by:

The mass flow with the main heat transfer medium in hot loop is adjusted by flow adjusting, wherein described match At least part of the main heat transfer medium stream in the reflux pipeline of hot loop matches hot loop to described by water conservancy diversion again Reflux pipeline, with provide heat pump (HP) bypass connection；And/or wherein come from the main heat transfer medium stream of the heat pump (HP) At least part by water conservancy diversion again to the advance pipeline for matching hot loop, to provide engine-cooling system bypass connection；

The mass flow of the secondary heat transfer medium in the closed loop utilized for waste heat source is adjusted by flow Adjust, wherein at least part of the secondary heat transfer medium stream in the closed loop by water conservancy diversion again, to be at least one A Waste Heat Recovery unit provides bypass connection.

7. according to method described in claim 5 and 6, it is characterised in that:

The mass flow of the main heat transfer medium for thermal energy balance adjusting adjusts and/or for thermal energy balance adjusting The mass flow adjusting of the secondary heat transfer medium is determined, controls and is executed by the control unit, wherein the automatic tune The position of regulating device and/or state are adjusted relative to the heat demand in heat supply network；And wherein the method is suitable Reverse operating for refrigerating mode operation.

8. a kind of device assembly utilized for cogeneration power plant waste heat source, comprising:

At least one main heat generator further comprises at least one exhaust system and at least one cooling system (CS), wherein the cooling system (CS) further includes ingate and outlet opening；The ingate and the outlet opening are suitable for and packet Include connecting with heat supply network for main heat transfer medium；The main heat transfer medium is for heating at least one heat consumption device (HC)；

At least one heat pump (HP) further comprises evaporator unit and condenser unit, wherein the condenser unit is also Including ingate and outlet opening；The ingate and the outlet opening are suitable for connecting with described with heat supply network；And the wherein steaming Sending out device unit further includes ingate and outlet opening；

At least one heat exchanger unit, for extracting heat from renewable heat source, wherein the heat exchanger includes entrance Hole and outlet opening；Wherein the outlet opening is suitable for connecting at least one entrance of the evaporator unit；With

At least one Waste Heat Recovery unit, suitable for associated with the exhaust system of the main heat generator, and It is further adapted for connecting with the evaporator unit of the heat pump (HP)；Described device component is characterized in that:

The evaporator inlet hole is suitable for connecting at least one Waste Heat Recovery machine set outlet hole, for passing through the closed loop In heat transfer medium collected heat is transmitted to the evaporator unit from the Waste Heat Recovery unit；

The outlet of the condenser unit is suitable for the inflow entrance with main heat release unit cooling system (CS) Connection, for by matching the main heat transfer medium in heat supply network for the heat transfer of the condenser unit to the main heat machine for releasing Group cooling system (CS).

9. device according to claim 8, it is characterised in that:

Suitable for associated at least one of renewable heat source group, the renewable heat source group includes: the evaporator unit Surrounding air, soil/Ground Heat, underground heat, underground water, river, lake and ponding.

10. device according to claim 9, it is characterised in that:

It is described to include at least one advance pipeline and at least one reflux pipeline with hot loop, wherein the advance pipeline and reflux The main heat is discharged the outflux and the condenser machine of cooling system via at least one heat consumption device (HC) by pipeline The entrance of group is connected with each other；And wherein the main heat transfer medium described with recycling in hot loop, to transfer heat to State heat consumption device (HC)；

The outflux of the main heat release unit cooling system is operatively coupled the advance for matching hot loop Pipeline；

The entrance of the condenser unit is operably linked at least one reflux pipeline with hot loop；

The outlet of the condenser unit is operably linked to the stream of the main heat generator cooling system (CS) Entrance with hot loop includes main heat transfer medium wherein described；And

The heat exchanger is integrated in the main heat release unit to receive at least part waste heat, wherein the heat exchange Device is operably linked to the evaporator unit in the closed loop；The heat wherein collected in a heat exchanger passes through The circulation of heat transfer medium in the closed loop and be passed to the evaporator unit；In addition, the condenser unit Heat is passed to the main heat generator cooling system by the circulation with the heat transfer medium in hot loop (CS), wherein at least when built-in main heat release unit and heat pump (HP) are opened and powered in the operating condition, main heat The temperature of the heat transfer medium at the inflow entrance of amount release unit cooling system is substantially higher than 35 DEG C.

11. device according to claim 10, it is characterised in that:

Described with hot loop includes multiple being connected in parallel and/or being connected in series and/or the heat consumption device of cascade connection (HC)；

It is described with hot loop include it is multiple be connected in parallel and/or be connected in series and/or the heat pump of cascade connection (HP), wherein described The closed loop of evaporator unit includes the multiple heat exchangers for being connected in parallel and/or being connected in series；And wherein at least one Condenser machine set outlet hole is operably linked to the inflow entrance of the main heat generator.

12. device according to claim 11, it is characterised in that:

The main heat generator is fuel cell (FC), described with heat supply network suitable for waste heat to be transmitted to.

13. device according to claim 12, it is characterised in that:

The fuel cell (FC) runs under conditions of hydrogen.

14. device according to claim 11, it is characterised in that:

The main heat generator is internal combustion engine (ICE)；The internal combustion engine (ICE) is designed as gaseous propellant engine, and It is run under conditions of the gaseous fuel including natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, rubbish landfill gas, wood gas or biogas, wherein The engine-cooling system is preferably designed to the engine jacket cooling system of the internal combustion engine (ICE).

15. device according to claim 8, it is characterised in that:

For being the mixture of water or water and ethylene glycol with the main heat transfer medium to conduct heat in heat supply network；And

At least one described heat exchanger designs is condensate and heat exchanger (HE2), and wherein the closed loop of heat transfer meshes is packet Include part house, central heating apparatus, district heating equipment group subassembly；Or the network is automobile, truck or ship A part of installation only.

Claims

Match in heat supply network at least 1. cogeneration system is used to heat by the principle that one kind is utilized by using heat pump (HP) principle The method of one heat consumption device (HC), which comprises

Fuel combustion process, wherein utilizing from the composed group of fuel cell (FC), internal combustion engine (ICE) and external-combustion engine at least The cooling system (CS) of one main heat source is warm for heating described first at least one of heat supply network heat transfer medium to provide Amount release unit；And wherein when first heat release unit is opened and by lighting in the fuel combustion process Fuel when running, produces at least one waste heat source；

Renewable heat utilization process further comprises the process that the heat of at least one heat source is collected from ambient enviroment (A), At least part available heat of renewable energy, the resource are wherein collected from resource group using at least one heat exchanger Group includes: surrounding air, soil/Ground Heat, underground heat, underground water, river, lake and ponding；

Waste heat recovery process, wherein collecting at least one waste heat source from waste heat source group using at least one Waste Heat Recovery unit At least part heat, the waste heat source group include: flue gas, pressurized air or lubrication in the exhaust system of the main heat source Oil cooling system；

Liquid-gas phase transformation heating power recycles process, wherein at least when the heat pump (HP) is opened and run, utilizes at least one Heat pump (HP), which is provided, discharges unit for heating the secondary heat at least one of heat supply network heat transfer medium；The method It is characterized in that:

Liquid-gas phase transformation recycles required heat and is completely or partially obtained by the renewable heat utilization process, Described at least part heat for collecting during renewable heat utilization be used for the benefit of liquid-gas phase transformation thermodynamic cycle process With；And at least part heat wherein generated in the range of the secondary heat release unit by an at least heat pump (HP) For heating the coolant of the cooling system of at least one main heat release unit；

Heat in described at least one closed loop with heat supply network is preferably divided by the circulation of at least one heat transfer medium Match, the minimum temperature of the heat distribution medium in the cooling system of the main heat release unit of wherein at least one is significant Higher than the minimum temperature of the heat distribution medium in described at least one heat consumption device (HC) in heat supply network, therefore pass through heat The utilization for pumping (HP) principle add again at least one of at least one reflux pipeline with heat supply network heat transfer medium Heat；And wherein, at least the design temperature with heat supply network described in reaching and the main heat discharge unit and time heat discharges Unit in oepration at full load, the heat transfer medium in the engine-cooling system of at least one internal combustion engine (ICE) Temperature is substantially higher than 35 DEG C.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized by:

The fuel combustion process is substantially a time-continuing process, wherein main heat release unit usually its it is minimum and It runs between maximum rated operating power, is run under the nominal rated power preferably in continuous service；

It is substantially a time-continuing process that the liquid-gas phase transformation heating power, which recycles process, wherein the heat pump (HP) its most It runs between small and maximum rated operating power, is run under the nominal rated power preferably in continuous service；

The waste heat recovery process includes flue gas condensation process, wherein collected heat is used for the benefit of heat pump (HP) principle With, and wherein the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to 23 DEG C or less；

The waste heat recovery process is used for the utilization of cooling principle, wherein the heat recovering process is used for fuel combustion process Using pressurized air cooled down；

The temperature of the heat transfer medium in the heat transfer meshes by one group include valve, pump and sensor self-checking device it is true Fixed, control and adjusting, wherein the regulating device is preferably adapted to by least one control unit manipulation.
3. according to the method described in claim 2, it is characterized by:

The fuel combustion process is provided by multiple main heat sources, the main heat source include fuel cell (FC), internal combustion engine (ICE), Group composed by external-combustion engine, wherein the heat within the scope of heat supply network is to connect, and/or in parallel and/or cascade connection side Formula transmitting, to provide the first heat release unit；

The liquid-gas phase transformation heating power recycles process and is provided by multiple heat pumps (HP) unit, wherein described within the scope of heat supply network Heat by connect, and/or in parallel and/or cascade system in a manner of transmit, to provide the secondary heat release unit；

With the heat distribution process in heat supply network by multiple heat distribution media implementations, wherein the heat in the heat transfer meshes is logical It crosses circulation of the main heat transfer medium at least one closed loop and is transmitted to the heat consumption from the first heat release unit Device (HC)；Wherein the heat of Waste Heat Recovery unit by circulation of the secondary heat transfer medium at least one closed circuit by It is transmitted to the heat pump (HP)；And it is wherein further transferred by the heat that at least a heat pump (HP) upgrades at least In the coolant of the cooling system of one main heat release unit.
4. according to the method described in claim 3, it is characterized by:

The temperature of the main heat transfer medium in the engine-cooling system of the internal combustion engine (ICE) is maintained at scheduled and sets Definite value, wherein thermal energy balance is adjusted executes in the following manner: adjusting power, and/or the adjustment master of the heat pump (HP) Heat, which discharges the power of unit, and/or adjusts the main heat transfer by the cooling system that the main heat discharges unit, to be situated between The mass flow of matter, and/or by the heat pump (HP) adjust the main heat transfer medium mass flow, and/or by with The mass flow of the secondary heat transfer medium is adjusted in the closed loop that waste heat source utilizes.
5. according to the method described in claim 4, it is characterized by:

The mass flow with the main heat transfer medium in hot loop is by changing the flow velocity in hot loop To adjust；And/or the mass flow of the secondary heat transfer medium in the closed loop is by changing the closed loop In flow velocity adjust, wherein adjusted by switching and/or the power by adjusting at least one circulating pump in heat supply network The speed of heat transfer medium.
6. according to the method described in claim 4, it is characterized by:

The mass flow with the main heat transfer medium in hot loop is adjusted by flow adjusting, wherein described match At least part of the main heat transfer medium stream in the reflux pipeline of hot loop matches hot loop to described by water conservancy diversion again Reflux pipeline, with provide heat pump (HP) bypass connection；And/or wherein come from the main heat transfer medium stream of the heat pump (HP) At least part by water conservancy diversion again to the advance pipeline for matching hot loop, to provide engine-cooling system bypass connection；

The mass flow of the secondary heat transfer medium in the closed loop utilized for waste heat source is adjusted by flow Adjust, wherein at least part of the secondary heat transfer medium stream in the closed loop by water conservancy diversion again, to be at least one A Waste Heat Recovery unit provides bypass connection.
7. according to method described in claim 5 and 6, it is characterised in that:

The mass flow of the main heat transfer medium for thermal energy balance adjusting adjusts and/or for thermal energy balance adjusting The mass flow adjusting of the secondary heat transfer medium is determined, controls and is executed by the control unit, wherein the automatic tune The position of regulating device and/or state are adjusted relative to the heat demand in heat supply network；And wherein the method is suitable Inverted running for refrigerating mode operation.
8. a kind of apparatus according to the invention component, comprising:

At least one cluster engine main heat release unit cooling system, the cluster engine include: fuel cell (FC), Internal combustion engine (ICE), external-combustion engine, wherein single main heat release unit preferably includes cooling system, it is however preferred to have at least one The heat exchanger of a inflow hole and at least one tap hole；

An at least heat pump (HP), wherein the heat pump (HP) further includes lubricating oil cooling system, evaporator unit and condenser Unit；Wherein the condenser unit further includes ingate and outlet opening, is suitable for associated with heat supply network at least one；And its Described in evaporator unit further include at least one inflow hole and at least one tap hole, be suitable for and at least one renewable heat source It is associated；Described device component is characterized in that:

Suitable for associated at least one of renewable heat source group, the renewable heat source group includes: the evaporator unit Surrounding air, soil/Ground Heat, underground heat, underground water, river, lake and ponding；

The outlet of the condenser unit is suitable for related to the main heat release inflow entrance of unit cooling system Connection, for by the way that the heat transfer of the condenser unit is discharged unit to the main heat with the main heat transfer medium in heat supply network Cooling system；

The outflux of the entrance of the condenser unit and the main heat release unit cooling system is suitable for and institute Stating is associated with heat supply network, wherein the heat supply network of matching further includes that at least one thermal energy receives unit, preferably heat consumption device (HC).
9. device according to claim 8, it is characterised in that:

The main heat release unit further includes at least one Waste Heat Recovery unit, preferably heat exchanger, is suitable for returning in closed loop Evaporator unit described in Lu Zhongyu is associated.
10. device according to claim 9, it is characterised in that:

It is described to include at least one advance pipeline and at least one reflux pipeline with hot loop, wherein the advance pipeline and reflux The main heat is discharged the outflux and the condenser machine of cooling system via at least one heat consumption device (HC) by pipeline The entrance of group is connected with each other；And wherein the main heat transfer medium passes the heat of heat source described with recycling in hot loop Pass the heat consumption device (HC)；

Before the outflux of the main heat release unit cooling system is operably linked to described with hot loop Inlet pipe line；

The entrance of the condenser unit is operably linked at least one reflux pipeline with hot loop；

The outlet of the condenser unit is operably linked to the inflow entrance of the engine-cooling system, wherein described It include main heat transfer medium with hot loop；And

The heat exchanger is integrated in the main heat release unit to receive at least part waste heat, wherein the heat exchange Device is operably linked to the evaporator unit in the closed loop；The heat wherein collected in a heat exchanger passes through Circulation of the heat transfer medium in the closed loop and be passed to the evaporator unit；In addition, the condenser unit Heat is passed to the main heat by the circulation with the heat transfer medium in hot loop and discharges unit cooling system, In, at least when built-in main heat release unit and heat pump (HP) are opened and powered under running conditions, main heat release The temperature of the heat transfer medium at the inflow entrance of unit cooling system is substantially higher than 35 DEG C.
11. device according to claim 10, it is characterised in that:

Described with hot loop includes multiple being connected in parallel and/or being connected in series and/or the heat consumption device of cascade connection (HC)；

It is described with hot loop include it is multiple be connected in parallel and/or be connected in series and/or the heat pump of cascade connection (HP), wherein described The closed loop of evaporator unit includes the multiple heat exchangers for being connected in parallel and/or being connected in series；And wherein at least one Condenser machine set outlet hole is operably linked to the inflow entrance of described main heat release unit (ICE) cooling system.
12. device according to claim 11, it is characterised in that:

The main heat release unit is fuel cell (FC), described with heat supply network suitable for waste heat to be transmitted to.
13. device according to claim 12, it is characterised in that:

The fuel cell (FC) runs under conditions of hydrogen.
14. device according to claim 11, it is characterised in that:

The main heat release unit is internal combustion engine (ICE)；The IC Engine Design is gaseous propellant engine, and is fired in gas It works under conditions of material, it includes natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, rubbish landfill gas, wood gas or biogas that the gaseous fuel, which is selected from, Group；Wherein the engine-cooling system is preferably designed to the engine jacket cooling system of the internal combustion engine (ICE).
15. device according to claim 8, it is characterised in that:

In a preferred embodiment, the main heat transfer medium is water；In a preferred embodiment, the secondary heat transfer medium is water and second two The mixture of alcohol；And at least one described heat exchanger designs is condensate and heat exchanger (HE2), and wherein the described of heat transfer meshes closes Loop circuit be include part house, central heating apparatus, district heating equipment group subassembly；Or the net be automobile, A part of the installation of truck or ship.