CN109472423A - A kind of Unit Combination method of fired power generating unit depth peak regulation under the conditions of consideration wind-electricity integration - Google Patents

A kind of Unit Combination method of fired power generating unit depth peak regulation under the conditions of consideration wind-electricity integration Download PDF

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CN109472423A
CN109472423A CN201811499152.5A CN201811499152A CN109472423A CN 109472423 A CN109472423 A CN 109472423A CN 201811499152 A CN201811499152 A CN 201811499152A CN 109472423 A CN109472423 A CN 109472423A
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李家珏
邵宝珠
刘闯
刘浩
范维
朱钰
高凯
王刚
李胜辉
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
State Grid Liaoning Electric Power Co Ltd
Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Liaoning Electric Power Co Ltd
Northeast Electric Power University
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Northeast Dianli University
State Grid Liaoning Electric Power Co Ltd
Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Liaoning Electric Power Co Ltd
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Abstract

The present invention relates to wind electricity digestion technical field more particularly to a kind of Unit Combination methods for considering fired power generating unit depth peak regulation under the conditions of wind-electricity integration, under the conditions of specifically a kind of considerations wind-electricity integration, the method for raising fired power generating unit peak modulation capacity.It include: the algorithm of Unit Combination;The objective function of Unit Combination;The constraint condition of Unit Combination;The method for solving of Unit Combination;The operation process of Unit Combination.The present invention reserves certain spare variation to balance wind power output under the conditions of large-scale wind power integration, to be thought of as wind power plant.When load is lower, conventional power plant unit has been transferred to lower power output, if output of wind electric field is significantly increased at this time, the receiving ability of wind-powered electricity generation will be restricted, and abandonment is caused to ration the power supply.Globally optimal solution is found using genetic algorithm, and under the conditions of analyzing large-scale wind power integration, the economy of fired power generating unit depth peak regulating plan.The problem of solution never abandonment dissolves, saves fired power generating unit cost of electricity-generating, and " deep to adjust consumption " is made to have feasibility.

Description

A kind of Unit Combination method of fired power generating unit depth peak regulation under the conditions of consideration wind-electricity integration
Technical field
The present invention relates to fired power generating unit depth under the conditions of wind electricity digestion technical field more particularly to a kind of consideration wind-electricity integration The Unit Combination method of peak regulation, under the conditions of specifically a kind of consideration wind-electricity integration, the method that improves fired power generating unit peak modulation capacity.
Background technique
After large-scale wind power integration power generation, electric system peak modulation capacity is seriously impaired.In addition, wind power output has interval Property, fluctuation, demodulate peak character and precision of prediction and volume metering it is low the features such as, be added significantly to the equivalent load of system Peak-valley difference increases peak-load regulating difficulty.With the continuous adjustment of Industrial Structure of China, Chinese power structure is also constantly becoming Change.Power grid peak-valley difference is away from increasingly increasing at present, so that the peak regulation range of power grid increases, difficulty is consequently increased.Make with peak regulation Water power, hydroenergy storage station, gas combustion-gas vapor combined cycle etc. quickly adjust power supply and relatively lag behind, so that new energy source machine The problems such as group is grid-connected difficult, consumption is difficult becomes increasingly conspicuous, and brings certain influence to power network safety operation and power quality.Northeast ground Area's heat supply in winter phase abandonment amount is huge particularly problematic, it has also become whole society's focus of attention.Utilize power grid fired power generating unit The big feature of capacity, depth excavate fired power generating unit peak modulation capacity, break through traditional concept, improve the utilization of renewable energy, become A kind of inexorable trend.
Optimization of Unit Commitment is an important component of electric power system optimization operation, and traditional unit is dispatched at one In period, according to Load Forecasting, in the case where meeting the constraint conditions such as electric system line balancing and start and stop limitation, when optimization selectes each Section participates in the unit of operation, determines the Unit Commitment time, keeps the total burn-off in this period minimum, reaches bigger economic effect Benefit.Although traditional Optimization of Unit Commitment problem that may occur is that total burn-off is minimum or economic benefit is maximum, it is the failure to Considering when load is lower, conventional power plant unit has been transferred to lower power output, if output of wind electric field is significantly increased at this time, Can conventional power unit, which further contribute, allows wind-powered electricity generation to carry out the ability that on-load determines power grid receiving wind-powered electricity generation, that is to say, that conventional power unit Peak modulation capacity in low ebb load is the key condition that limitation saves that net receives wind-powered electricity generation ability.
Summary of the invention
To solve above-mentioned problems of the prior art, the present invention provides thermoelectricitys under the conditions of a kind of consideration wind-electricity integration The Unit Combination method of unit depth peak regulation, its purpose is to further the depth of investigation peak regulations to dissolve energy to clean energy resource is promoted The specific embodiment of power makes full use of the characteristic of fired power generating unit depth peak regulation in dispatching cycle.Using genetic algorithm to unit Combination carries out optimizing, proposes a kind of Unit Combination mould of fired power generating unit depth peak regulation under the conditions of the wind-electricity integration based on genetic algorithm Type.
For achieving the above object, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of Unit Combination method of fired power generating unit depth peak regulation under the conditions of consideration wind-electricity integration, comprising the following steps:
The algorithm of Unit Combination;
The objective function of Unit Combination;
The constraint condition of Unit Combination;
The method for solving of Unit Combination;
The operation process of Unit Combination.
The algorithm of the Unit Combination uses genetic algorithm, and genetic algorithm (GA) has borrowed the mechanism of biogenetics, leads to The operation such as natural selection, hybridization and variation is crossed, the raising of adaptive value is realized, natural selection this rule is ground applied to science Study carefully and various optimization problems in engineering technology;The remarkable advantage of genetic algorithm is many that can be simultaneously scanned in solution space Point, rather than a point, thus intimate globally optimal solution can be found.
The genetic algorithm key step:
A) initialization coding ":
Operating status variable of the unit on a period is indicated with a binary code, it is single if there is n platform unit A unit parameter string length is defined as l, then a length of L=(n*l) position of string, thus obtained in a dispatching cycle Interior (24 hours), the peak capacity of each scheduling instance generating set combination, initialize several group of individuals being randomly generated At a group, first generation solution group is constituted;In general, the quality of initial solution is all very poor;
B) it decodes:
According to constraint condition, the binary code of initialization can be converted into real number to indicate, convert binary code to pair The real number answered is known as decoding;
C) fitness and evaluation:
Resulting real number will be decoded, will be narrowed down within the scope of constraint condition by a certain percentage, the reality for meeting constraint condition is obtained Number.For fitness function, it is taken as the function of each scheduling instance peak modulation capacity, it is also very straight to the adaptive value evaluation of individual in this way It sees, also there is its specific meaning;Real number corresponding to individual is substituted into fitness function and calculates adaptive value, adaptive value is bigger, indicates The peak modulation capacity of Unit Combination is bigger, and superiority and inferiority of the adaptive value to evaluate individual provides foundation for Swarm Evolution;
D) selection and breeding:
According to the adaptive value of each individual, after the individual for using random manner pairing selection more outstanding is bred as parent It generation, can be using the methods of runner selection or sequencing selection;
E) genetic manipulation:
It is selected by the way of roulette wheel selection herein, obtaining the selected probability of the bigger variable of adaptive value will be bigger, To be retained, as optimal reservation undetermined;
F) single point crossing:
One crossover location is randomly selected according to crossover probability for each of selected individual, this is exchanged and exists to individual The later binary code in the position forms two new individuals;
G) Mutation:
Mutation operation, will be in individual to simulate the biological gene mutation due to caused by accidental cause in the natural environment Binary code negated by mutation probability, i.e., 0 and 1 exchange;
H) retain optimal:
In reproductive process, individual adaptive value can be continuously improved;In order to avoid the loss of optimized individual, by optimized individual It is stored in specified position, all individuals are then substituted into a upper groups of individuals according to hereditary step again, then carry out commenting for adaptive value Valence loops back and forth like this, and the adaptive value of individual is continuously improved, does not lose optimized individual while selecting adaptive optimal control value;When When reaching evolutionary generation or finding satisfactory solution, then iteration terminates.
The objective function of the Unit Combination are as follows:
α in formulai=(Pimax-Pimin)/Pimax,
Front portion is cumulative in objective function and reflects the peak modulation capacity of unit, and rear portion is cumulative and illustrates machine The coal consumption of group and start-up and shut-down costs;XtBigger expression guarantees to meet peak load regulation while unit operating cost minimum in t moment Ability is maximum;αiIndicate i-th peak load regulation depth coefficient;PitIndicate i-th unit in the active power output of t moment;PiminFor The minimum load that i-th unit surely fires;PimaxFor i-th unit generation power maximum upper limit;βitIt is set as 0 and 1 two value, βit= Indicate that i-th unit is in shutdown status, β in t moment when 0itIndicate that i-th unit is in operating status in t moment when=1;F (Pit) indicate i-th unit in the coal consumption of t moment;ai、bi、ciIndicate the coal consumption coefficient of i-th unit;fistartAnd fishutPoint Not Wei i-th unit starting and shut down cost.
The constraint condition of the Unit Combination include power-balance constraint, spinning reserve constraint, unit output bound about Beam, unit climbing and start and stop power constraint, unit depth peak regulation power are about and wind power output constrains.
The power-balance constraint indicates are as follows:
P in formulawtIndicate the grid-connected power output required in t moment wind-powered electricity generation;PltIndicate the supply load power total in t moment;
The spinning reserve constraint representation are as follows:
Spinning reserve capacity, P in formula are considered by the 7% of system total loadxtFor system spinning reserve capacity;PimaxIt is i-th Platform unit generation power maximum upper limit;
The unit output upper and lower limit indicates are as follows:
Pimin≤Pit≤Pimax
PiminAnd PimaxRespectively indicate the power output upper and lower limit of i-th unit;
The unit climbing and start and stop power constraint indicate are as follows:
Pit-Pit-1≤βit-1Aiup+(βitit-1)Aistart
Pit-1-Pit≤βitAidown+(βit-1it)Aishut
A in formulaiupAnd AidownThe upper and lower climbing power limit of respectively unit i;AistartAnd AishutRespectively unit i's Power limit is shut down in starting;
The unit depth peak regulation power constraint indicates are as follows:
Alphabetical meaning is same as above in formula;
It is required that when load power decline is more, deep to adjust unit that load power be followed accordingly to reduce power output, i.e., per a period of time The sum of all unit minimum steady combustion power outputs are carved no more than the moment load power, is ensured that in this way when load is lower, is continued Fired power generating unit power output is forced down to meet the needs of load, guarantees the stability of system operation;
The wind power output constraint representation are as follows:
P in formulawtIndicate the practical power output in t moment wind-powered electricity generation;Indicate that wind-powered electricity generation maximum predicted is contributed in t moment.
The method for solving of the Unit Combination includes:
(1) setting of control parameter:
Evolutionary generation: T=100;
Population size: N=80;
Crossover probability: pc=0.8;
Mutation probability: pm=0.05;
Single parameter string length: L=10;
(2) coding method:
β is indicated with a binary codeit;One shares 47 units, so by PitIt is divided into 47 sections, every section respectively with ten Binary code indicates that population size is set as 80, ultimately generates the binary system initial population of 80 row (47*10) column;
(3) multi-period optimization problem is reduced to the optimization problem of day part;Optimization of Unit Commitment is more than one Period decision process, it is contemplated that multi-period dimension restrains slow or convergence difficulties even if will also result in using the solution of GA method; Therefore be broken down into a series of single period optimal decision problems to solve, i.e., multi-period optimization problem is reduced to day part Optimization problem, solved by the period, the variable number of per period is greatly reduced than multi-period variable number;This will make total calculating Amount also greatly reduces;
(4) each scheduling slot βitThe initialization of value uses heuristic to generate relatively good initial solution, the method is as follows: if A period is reduced system loading earlier above, and when initialization does not shut down the unit run generally;If system loading period earlier above Increase, when initialization does not start the unit stopped transport generally;The state that processing not only reduces unit in this way shifts number, accelerates Solving speed can also reduce the cost that unit generates during switching;Due in GA there is hybridize and variation link, it is this Way has no effect on the generation of globally optimal solution;
(5) adaptive optimal control degree initial value is set as-∞, and three arrays are in addition arranged, stores produce in each iterative process respectively Raw adaptive optimal control angle value Xt, every unit output P when choosing maximum peak modulation capacityitWith state array βit
(6) unit capacity is constrained, by the position (47*10) binary code generated in (2), according to every ten binary codes A decimal number is generated, in total available 47 decimal numbers, this 47 decimal number Ri(i=1,2,3...47) table Show, the power output expression in every unit of each scheduling slot can be obtained are as follows:
Pi=(Pimax-Pimin)*Ri/(2^L-1)+Pimin
Alphabetical meaning is the same as noted earlier in formula;
The decimal number being converted into this guarantees the binary code being randomly generated in initial population is all by according to above-mentioned Formula constraint, to avoid infeasible initial solution is generated, helps to improve GA solution to meet the constraint of every unit capacity Efficiency and solution quality;
(7) for unit climbing power constraint and respective start and stop power constraint, it is all made of hard constraint, i.e., when beyond constraint When condition, fitness is directly set 0;
The operation process of the Unit Combination includes:
(1) initiation parameter, input evolutionary generation, population size, cross and variation probability, parameter value range, single ginseng Digital string length;
(2) parent population is randomly generated in initialization population, and adaptive optimal control degree initial value is arranged;
(3) iteration starts, and decodes and calculate fitness value, and evaluation individual stores adaptive optimal control angle value and mesh so far Before until optimized parameter and optimum state array so far;
(4) heredity, single point crossing and Mutation is carried out to operate to form next-generation group;
(5) calculate fitness value, evaluation individual, storage so far adaptive optimal control angle value and so far optimized parameter with And optimum state array so far;
(6) calculating if having reached evolutionary generation terminates, and otherwise jumps (4).
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
The present invention makes full use of the characteristic of fired power generating unit depth peak regulation in dispatching cycle, using genetic algorithm to Unit Combination Optimizing is carried out, not only increases wind electricity digestion capability, additionally it is possible to which the peak modulation capacity for improving fired power generating unit improves the flexible of power supply Property, electricity needs and clean energy resource power producing characteristics are preferably matched, efficiently solve the problems, such as that clean energy resource dissolves, alleviate unit tune Peak pressure power.The present invention solves production of energy and using mismatch in time, in the peak regulation energy of each scheduling instance unit Guarantee maximization of economic benefit while power maximum, improves system wind electricity digestion capability, be conducive to system in bigger space-time model Enclose interior access and consumption wind-powered electricity generation.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is a kind of Unit Combination method of fired power generating unit depth peak regulation under the conditions of consideration wind-electricity integration, including following Step:
1, the algorithm of Unit Combination;
The algorithm of the Unit Combination uses genetic algorithm, and genetic algorithm (GA) has borrowed the mechanism of biogenetics, leads to The operation such as natural selection, hybridization and variation is crossed, the raising of adaptive value is realized, natural selection this rule is ground applied to science Study carefully and various optimization problems in engineering technology.The remarkable advantage of genetic algorithm is many that can be simultaneously scanned in solution space Point, rather than a point, thus intimate globally optimal solution can be found.
The genetic algorithm the following steps are included:
A) initialization coding:
Operating status variable of the unit on a period is indicated with a binary code.It is single if there is n platform unit A unit parameter string length is defined as l, then a length of L=(n*l) position of string, thus obtained in a dispatching cycle Interior (24 hours), the peak capacity of each scheduling instance generating set combination, initialize several group of individuals being randomly generated At a group, first generation solution group is constituted.In general, the quality of initial solution is all very poor.
B) it decodes:
According to constraint condition, the binary code of initialization can be converted into real number to indicate, convert binary code to pair The real number answered is known as decoding.
C) fitness and evaluation:
Resulting real number will be decoded, will be narrowed down within the scope of constraint condition by a certain percentage, the reality for meeting constraint condition is obtained Number.For fitness function, it is taken as the function of each scheduling instance peak modulation capacity, it is also very straight to the adaptive value evaluation of individual in this way It sees, also there is its specific meaning.Real number corresponding to individual is substituted into fitness function and calculates adaptive value, adaptive value is bigger, indicates The peak modulation capacity of Unit Combination is bigger, and superiority and inferiority of the adaptive value to evaluate individual provides foundation for Swarm Evolution.
D) selection and breeding:
According to the adaptive value of each individual, after the individual for using random manner pairing selection more outstanding is bred as parent It generation, can be using the methods of runner selection or sequencing selection.
E) genetic manipulation:
It is selected by the way of roulette wheel selection herein, obtaining the selected probability of the bigger variable of adaptive value will be bigger, To be retained, as optimal reservation undetermined.
F) single point crossing:
One crossover location is randomly selected according to crossover probability for each of selected individual, this is exchanged and exists to individual The later binary code in the position forms two new individuals.
G) Mutation:
Mutation operation, will be in individual to simulate the biological gene mutation due to caused by accidental cause in the natural environment Binary code negated by mutation probability, i.e., 0 and 1 exchange.
H) retain optimal:
In reproductive process, individual adaptive value can be continuously improved.In order to avoid the loss of optimized individual, by optimized individual It is stored in specified position, all individuals are then substituted into a upper groups of individuals according to hereditary step again, then carry out commenting for adaptive value Valence loops back and forth like this, and the adaptive value of individual is continuously improved, does not lose optimized individual while selecting adaptive optimal control value.When When reaching evolutionary generation or finding satisfactory solution, then iteration terminates.
2, the objective function of Unit Combination;
The objective function of the Unit Combination are as follows:
α in formulai=(Pimax-Pimin)/Pimax,
Front portion is cumulative in objective function and reflects the peak modulation capacity of unit, and rear portion is cumulative and illustrates machine The coal consumption of group and start-up and shut-down costs;XtBigger expression guarantees to meet peak load regulation while unit operating cost minimum in t moment Ability is maximum.αiIndicate i-th peak load regulation depth coefficient;PitIndicate i-th unit in the active power output of t moment;PiminFor The minimum load that i-th unit surely fires;PimaxFor i-th unit generation power maximum upper limit;βitIt is set as 0 and 1 two value, βit= Indicate that i-th unit is in shutdown status, β in t moment when 0itIndicate that i-th unit is in operating status in t moment when=1;F (Pit) indicate i-th unit in the coal consumption of t moment;ai、bi、ciIndicate the coal consumption coefficient of i-th unit;fistartAnd fishutPoint Not Wei i-th unit starting and shut down cost.
Constraint condition corresponding to the objective function of the Unit Combination include power-balance constraint, spinning reserve constraint, The constraint of unit output bound, unit climbing and start and stop power constraint, unit depth peak regulation power constraint, wind power output constraint.
(1) power-balance constraint indicates are as follows:
P in formulawtIndicate the grid-connected power output required in t moment wind-powered electricity generation;PltIndicate the supply load power total in t moment.
(2) the spinning reserve constraint representation are as follows:
Spinning reserve capacity, P in formula are considered by the 7% of system total loadxtFor system spinning reserve capacity;PimaxIt is i-th Platform unit generation power maximum upper limit.
(3) the unit output bound constraint representation are as follows:
Pimin≤Pit≤Pimax
PiminAnd PimaxRespectively indicate the power output upper and lower limit of i-th unit.
(4) the unit climbing and start and stop power constraint indicate are as follows:
Pit-Pit-1≤βit-1Aiup+(βitit-1)Aistart
Pit-1-Pit≤βitAidown+(βit-1it)Aishut
A in formulaiupAnd AidownThe upper and lower climbing power limit of respectively unit i;AistartAnd AishutRespectively unit i's Power limit is shut down in starting.
(5) the unit depth peak regulation power constraint indicates are as follows:
Alphabetical meaning is same as above in formula.
It is required that when load power decline is more, deep to adjust unit that load power be followed accordingly to reduce power output, i.e., per a period of time The sum of all unit minimum steadies combustion power output is carved no more than the moment load power, is ensured that in this way when load is lower, it can be with Continue to force down fired power generating unit power output to meet the needs of load, the stability of guarantee system operation.
3, the constraint condition of Unit Combination;
The wind power output constraint representation are as follows:
P in formulawtIndicate the practical power output in t moment wind-powered electricity generation;Indicate that wind-powered electricity generation maximum predicted is contributed in t moment.
4, the method for solving of Unit Combination;
The method for solving of the Unit Combination includes:
(1) setting of control parameter:
Evolutionary generation: T=100;
Population size: N=80;
Crossover probability: pc=0.8;
Mutation probability: pm=0.05;
Single parameter string length: L=10;
(2) coding method indicates β with a binary code hereinit;One shares 47 units, so by PitIt is divided into 47 sections, Every section indicates that population size is set as 80 with ten binary codes respectively, ultimately generates the binary system of 80 row (47*10) column Initial population.
(3) multi-period optimization problem is reduced to the optimization problem of day part.Optimization of Unit Commitment is more than one Period decision process, it is contemplated that multi-period dimension restrains slow or convergence difficulties even if will also result in using the solution of GA method. Therefore be broken down into a series of single period optimal decision problems to solve, i.e., multi-period optimization problem is reduced to day part Optimization problem, solved by the period, the variable number of per period is greatly reduced than multi-period variable number.This will make total calculating Amount also greatly reduces.
(4) each scheduling slot βitThe initialization of value uses heuristic to generate relatively good initial solution, the method is as follows: if A period is reduced system loading earlier above, and when initialization does not shut down the unit run generally;If system loading period earlier above Increase, when initialization does not start the unit stopped transport generally.The state that processing not only reduces unit in this way shifts number, accelerates Solving speed can also reduce the cost that unit generates during switching.Due in GA there is hybridize and variation link, it is this Way has no effect on the generation of globally optimal solution.
(5) adaptive optimal control degree initial value is set as-∞, and three arrays are in addition arranged, stores produce in each iterative process respectively Raw adaptive optimal control angle value Xt, every unit output P when choosing maximum peak modulation capacityitWith state array βit
(6) unit capacity is constrained, by the position (47*10) binary code generated in (2), according to every ten binary codes A decimal number is generated, in total available 47 decimal numbers, this 47 decimal number Ri(i=1,2,3...47) table Show, the power output expression in every unit of each scheduling slot can be obtained are as follows:
Pi=(Pimax-Pimin)*Ri/(2^L-1)+Pimin
Alphabetical meaning is the same as noted earlier in formula.
The decimal number being converted into this guarantees the binary code being randomly generated in initial population is all by according to above-mentioned Formula constraint, to avoid infeasible initial solution is generated, helps to improve GA solution to meet the constraint of every unit capacity Efficiency and solution quality.
(7) for unit climbing power constraint and respective start and stop power constraint, it is all made of hard constraint, i.e., when beyond constraint When condition, fitness is directly set 0.
5, the operation process of Unit Combination.
The operation process of the Unit Combination includes:
(1) initiation parameter, input evolutionary generation, population size, cross and variation probability, parameter value range, single ginseng Digital string length;
(2) parent population is randomly generated in initialization population, and adaptive optimal control degree initial value is arranged;
(3) iteration starts, and decodes and calculate fitness value, and evaluation individual stores adaptive optimal control angle value and mesh so far Before until optimized parameter and optimum state array so far;
(4) heredity, single point crossing and Mutation is carried out to operate to form next-generation group;
(5) calculate fitness value, evaluation individual, storage so far adaptive optimal control angle value and so far optimized parameter with And optimum state array so far;
(6) calculating if having reached evolutionary generation terminates, and otherwise jumps to (4) step.
Embodiment 1:
The present invention is a kind of Unit Combination method of fired power generating unit depth peak regulation under the conditions of consideration wind-electricity integration, including following Step:
Step A. establishes the Unit Combination model of fired power generating unit depth peak regulation under the conditions of consideration wind-electricity integration;
Step B. analyzes the Unit Combination method for solving of fired power generating unit depth peak regulation under the conditions of wind-electricity integration;
Step C. analyzes the Unit Combination operation process of fired power generating unit depth peak regulation under the conditions of wind-electricity integration;
Step D. considers the Unit Combination model of fired power generating unit depth peak regulation under the conditions of wind-electricity integration according to step A Determine objective function:
α in formulai=(Pimax-Pimin)/Pimax,
Front portion is cumulative in objective function and reflects the peak modulation capacity of unit, and rear portion is cumulative and illustrates machine The coal consumption of group and start-up and shut-down costs;XtBigger expression guarantees to meet peak load regulation while unit operating cost minimum in t moment Ability is maximum.αiIndicate i-th peak load regulation depth coefficient;PitIndicate i-th unit in the active power output of t moment;PiminFor The minimum load that i-th unit surely fires;PimaxFor i-th unit generation power maximum upper limit;βitIt is set as 0 and 1 two value, βit= Indicate that i-th unit is in shutdown status, β in t moment when 0itIndicate that i-th unit is in operating status in t moment when=1;F (Pit) indicate i-th unit in the coal consumption of t moment;ai、bi、ciIndicate the coal consumption coefficient of i-th unit;fistartAnd fishutPoint Not Wei i-th unit starting and shut down cost.
Step E. objective function according to step D determines constraint condition:
Power-balance constraint:
P in formulawtIndicate the grid-connected power output required in t moment wind-powered electricity generation;PltIndicate the supply load power total in t moment.
Spinning reserve constraint:
Spinning reserve capacity, P in formula are considered by the 7% of system total loadxtFor system spinning reserve capacity;PimaxIt is i-th Platform unit generation power maximum upper limit.
The constraint of unit output upper and lower limit:
Pimin≤Pit≤Pimax
PiminAnd PimaxRespectively indicate the power output upper and lower limit of i-th unit.
Unit climbing and start and stop power constraint:
Pit-Pit-1≤βit-1Aiup+(βitit-1)Aistart
Pit-1-Pit≤βitAidown+(βit-1it)Aishut
A in formulaiupAnd AidownThe upper and lower climbing power limit of respectively unit i;AistartAnd AishutRespectively unit i's Power limit is shut down in starting.
Unit depth peak regulation power constraint:
Alphabetical meaning is same as above in formula.
It is required that when load power decline is more, deep to adjust unit that load power be followed accordingly to reduce power output, i.e., per a period of time The sum of all unit minimum steadies combustion power output is carved no more than the moment load power, is ensured that in this way when load is lower, it can be with Continue to force down fired power generating unit power output to meet the needs of load, the stability of guarantee system operation.
Wind power output constraint:
P in formulawtIndicate the practical power output in t moment wind-powered electricity generation;Indicate that wind-powered electricity generation maximum predicted is contributed in t moment.
The Unit Combination method for solving packet of fired power generating unit depth peak regulation under the conditions of step F. wind-electricity integration according to step B It includes:
(1) setting of control parameter:
Evolutionary generation: T=100
Population size: N=80
Crossover probability: pc=0.8
Mutation probability: pm=0.05
Single parameter string length: L=10
(2) coding method:
The present invention indicates β with a binary codeit;One shares 47 units, so by PitIt is divided into 47 sections, every section of difference It indicates that population size is set as 80 with ten binary codes, ultimately generates initial kind of binary system of 80 row (47*10) column Group.
(3) multi-period optimization problem is reduced to the optimization problem of day part.Optimization of Unit Commitment is more than one Period decision process, it is contemplated that multi-period dimension restrains slow or convergence difficulties even if will also result in using the solution of GA method. Therefore be broken down into a series of single period optimal decision problems to solve, i.e., multi-period optimization problem is reduced to day part Optimization problem, solved by the period, the variable number of per period is greatly reduced than multi-period variable number.This will make total calculating Amount also greatly reduces.
(4) each scheduling slot βitThe initialization of value uses heuristic to generate relatively good initial solution, the method is as follows: if being Uniting, a period is reduced load earlier above, and when initialization does not shut down the unit run generally;If a period increases system loading earlier above Add, when initialization does not start the unit stopped transport generally.The state that processing not only reduces unit in this way shifts number, accelerates and asks Speed is solved, the cost that unit generates during switching can be also reduced.Due in GA there is hybridize and variation link, it is this to do Method has no effect on the generation of globally optimal solution.
(5) adaptive optimal control degree initial value is set as-∞, and three arrays are in addition arranged, stores produce in each iterative process respectively Raw adaptive optimal control angle value Xt, every unit output P when choosing maximum peak modulation capacityitWith state array βit
(6) unit capacity is constrained, by the position (47*10) binary code generated in (2), according to every ten binary codes A decimal number is generated, in total available 47 decimal numbers, this 47 decimal number Ri(i=1,2,3...47) table Show, the power output expression in every unit of each scheduling slot can be obtained are as follows:
Pi=(Pimax-Pimin)*Ri/(2^L-1)+Pimin
Alphabetical meaning is the same as noted earlier in formula.
The decimal number being converted into this guarantees the binary code being randomly generated in initial population is all by according to above-mentioned Formula constraint, to avoid infeasible initial solution is generated, helps to improve GA solution to meet the constraint of every unit capacity Efficiency and solution quality.
(7) for unit climbing power constraint and respective start and stop power constraint, it is all made of hard constraint, i.e., when beyond constraint When condition, fitness is directly set 0.
The Unit Combination operation process of fired power generating unit depth peak regulation under the conditions of step G. wind-electricity integration according to step C Include:
(1) initiation parameter, input evolutionary generation, population size, cross and variation probability, parameter value range, single ginseng Digital string length;
(2) parent population is randomly generated in initialization population, and adaptive optimal control degree initial value is arranged;
(3) iteration starts, and decodes and calculate fitness value, and evaluation individual stores adaptive optimal control angle value and mesh so far Before until optimized parameter and optimum state array so far;
(4) heredity, single point crossing and Mutation is carried out to operate to form next-generation group;
(5) calculate fitness value, evaluation individual, storage so far adaptive optimal control angle value and so far optimized parameter with And optimum state array so far;
(6) calculating if having reached evolutionary generation terminates, and otherwise go to step (4).
The present invention makes the maximized angle of fired power generating unit peak modulation capacity from wind-powered electricity generation is dissolved as far as possible, proposes a kind of wind-powered electricity generation simultaneously Depth regulating units are optimized scheduling by the mathematical model of fired power generating unit depth peak regulation under the conditions of net.Based on a province in China grade The real data of power grid finds globally optimal solution using genetic algorithm, and under the conditions of analyzing large-scale wind power integration, thermal motor The economy of group depth peak regulating plan.Research achievement shows that not only can solve abandonment by using unit depth peak regulating plan disappears The problem of receiving, moreover it is possible to save fired power generating unit cost of electricity-generating, make " deep to adjust consumption " that there is feasibility.
The present invention is powered using the big fired power generating unit of preferential selection peak load regulation ability, improves the peak regulation of fired power generating unit Ability further by wind-powered electricity generation can not only carry out on-load by extrusion pressure, improve and receive wind-powered electricity generation ability, moreover it is possible to reach when load is lower To bigger economic benefit.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of Unit Combination method of fired power generating unit depth peak regulation under the conditions of consideration wind-electricity integration, which is characterized in that the packet Include following steps:
The algorithm of Unit Combination;
The objective function of Unit Combination;
The constraint condition of Unit Combination;
The method for solving of Unit Combination;
The operation process of Unit Combination.
2. the Unit Combination side of fired power generating unit depth peak regulation under the conditions of a kind of consideration wind-electricity integration according to claim 1 Method, which is characterized in that the algorithm of the Unit Combination uses genetic algorithm, and genetic algorithm (GA) has borrowed the machine of biogenetics Reason is operated by natural selection, hybridization and variation etc., realizes the raising of adaptive value, this rule is applied to by natural selection Various optimization problems in scientific research and engineering technology;The remarkable advantage of genetic algorithm can simultaneously scan in solution space It is many, rather than a point, thus intimate globally optimal solution can be found.
3. the Unit Combination side of fired power generating unit depth peak regulation under the conditions of a kind of consideration wind-electricity integration according to claim 2 Method, which is characterized in that the genetic algorithm key step:
A) initialization coding
Operating status variable of the unit on a period is indicated with a binary code, if there is n platform unit, single machine Group parameter string length is defined as l, then a length of L=(n*l) position of string, thus obtained within a dispatching cycle (24 hours), the peak capacity of each scheduling instance generating set combination initialize several individual compositions being randomly generated One group constitutes first generation solution group;In general, the quality of initial solution is all very poor;
B) it decodes
According to constraint condition, the binary code of initialization can be converted into real number to indicate, convert binary code to corresponding Real number is known as decoding;
C) fitness and evaluation
Resulting real number will be decoded, will be narrowed down within the scope of constraint condition by a certain percentage, the real number for meeting constraint condition is obtained.It is right In fitness function, it is taken as the function of each scheduling instance peak modulation capacity, it is also very intuitive to the adaptive value evaluation of individual in this way, There is its specific meaning;Real number corresponding to individual is substituted into fitness function and calculates adaptive value, adaptive value is bigger, indicates unit group The peak modulation capacity of conjunction is bigger, and superiority and inferiority of the adaptive value to evaluate individual provides foundation for Swarm Evolution;
D) selection and breeding:
According to the adaptive value of each individual, uses random manner pairing to choose more outstanding individual and raises up seed as parent, It can be using the methods of runner selection or sequencing selection;
E) genetic manipulation:
It is selected by the way of roulette wheel selection herein, obtaining the selected probability of the bigger variable of adaptive value will be bigger, thus It is retained, as optimal reservation undetermined;
F) single point crossing:
One crossover location is randomly selected according to crossover probability for each of selected individual, exchanges this to individual in the position Later binary code is set, two new individuals are formed;
G) Mutation:
Mutation operation is to simulate the biological gene mutation due to caused by accidental cause in the natural environment, by two in individual Ary codes are negated by mutation probability, i.e., 0 and 1 exchanges;
H) retain optimal:
In reproductive process, individual adaptive value can be continuously improved;In order to avoid the loss of optimized individual, optimized individual is stored In specified position, all individuals are then substituted into a upper groups of individuals according to hereditary step again, then carry out the evaluation of adaptive value, such as This moves in circles, and the adaptive value of individual is continuously improved, does not lose optimized individual while selecting adaptive optimal control value;When reach into When changing algebra or finding satisfactory solution, then iteration terminates.
4. the Unit Combination side of fired power generating unit depth peak regulation under the conditions of a kind of consideration wind-electricity integration according to claim 1 Method, which is characterized in that the objective function of the Unit Combination are as follows:
α in formulai=(Pi max-Pi min)/Pi max,
Front portion is cumulative in objective function and reflects the peak modulation capacity of unit, and rear portion is cumulative and illustrates unit Coal consumption and start-up and shut-down costs;XtBigger expression guarantees to meet peak load regulation ability while unit operating cost minimum in t moment It is maximum;αiIndicate i-th peak load regulation depth coefficient;PitIndicate i-th unit in the active power output of t moment;Pi minIt is i-th The minimum load that unit surely fires;Pi maxFor i-th unit generation power maximum upper limit;βitIt is set as 0 and 1 two value, βitWhen=0 Indicate that i-th unit is in shutdown status, β in t momentitIndicate that i-th unit is in operating status in t moment when=1;F (Pit) indicate i-th unit in the coal consumption of t moment;ai、bi、ciIndicate the coal consumption coefficient of i-th unit;fisiartAnd fishutPoint Not Wei i-th unit starting and shut down cost.
5. the Unit Combination side of fired power generating unit depth peak regulation under the conditions of a kind of consideration wind-electricity integration according to claim 1 Method, which is characterized in that the constraint condition of the Unit Combination includes power-balance constraint, spinning reserve constraint, on unit output Lower limit constraint, unit climbing and start and stop power constraint, unit depth peak regulation power are about and wind power output constrains.
6. the Unit Combination side of fired power generating unit depth peak regulation under the conditions of a kind of consideration wind-electricity integration according to claim 5 Method, which is characterized in that the power-balance constraint indicates are as follows:
P in formulawtIndicate the grid-connected power output required in t moment wind-powered electricity generation;PltIndicate the supply load power total in t moment;
The spinning reserve constraint representation are as follows:
Spinning reserve capacity, P in formula are considered by the 7% of system total loadxtFor system spinning reserve capacity;Pi maxFor i-th machine Group generated output maximum upper limit;
The unit output upper and lower limit indicates are as follows:
Pi min≤Pit≤Pi max
Pi minAnd Pi maxRespectively indicate the power output upper and lower limit of i-th unit;
The unit climbing and start and stop power constraint indicate are as follows:
Pit-Pit-1≤βit-1Aiup+(βitit-1)Aistart
Pit-1-Pit≤βitAidown+(βit-1it)Aishut
A in formulaiupAnd AidownThe upper and lower climbing power limit of respectively unit i;AistartAnd AishutRespectively the starting of unit i, Shut down power limit;
The unit depth peak regulation power constraint indicates are as follows:
Alphabetical meaning is same as above in formula;
It is required that when load power decline is more, deep to adjust unit that load power be followed accordingly to reduce power output, i.e., each moment institute There is the sum of unit minimum steady combustion power output no more than the moment load power, is ensured that in this way when load is lower, continue to force down Fired power generating unit contributes meet the needs of load, guarantees the stability of system operation;
The wind power output constraint representation are as follows:
P in formulawtIndicate the practical power output in t moment wind-powered electricity generation;Indicate that wind-powered electricity generation maximum predicted is contributed in t moment.
7. the Unit Combination side of fired power generating unit depth peak regulation under the conditions of a kind of consideration wind-electricity integration according to claim 1 Method, which is characterized in that the method for solving of the Unit Combination includes:
(1) setting of control parameter:
Evolutionary generation: T=100;
Population size: N=80;
Crossover probability: pc=0.8;
Mutation probability: pm=0.05;
Single parameter string length: L=10;
(2) coding method:
β is indicated with a binary codeit;One shares 47 units, so by PitIt is divided into 47 sections, every section respectively with ten binary systems Code indicates that population size is set as 80, ultimately generates the binary system initial population of 80 row (47*10) column;
(3) multi-period optimization problem is reduced to the optimization problem of day part;Optimization of Unit Commitment is one multi-period Decision process, it is contemplated that multi-period dimension restrains slow or convergence difficulties even if will also result in using the solution of GA method;Therefore it will It is decomposed into a series of single period optimal decision problems to solve, i.e., multi-period optimization problem is reduced to day part most Optimization problem, solves by the period, and the variable number of per period is greatly reduced than multi-period variable number;This will make total calculation amount It greatly reduces;
(4) each scheduling slot βitThe initialization of value uses heuristic to generate relatively good initial solution, the method is as follows: if system A period is reduced load earlier above, and when initialization does not shut down the unit run generally;If a period increases system loading earlier above, The unit stopped transport is not started generally when initialization;The state that processing not only reduces unit in this way shifts number, accelerates solution Speed can also reduce the cost that unit generates during switching;Since there is hybridization and variation link, this ways in GA Have no effect on the generation of globally optimal solution;
(5) adaptive optimal control degree initial value is set as-∞, and three arrays are in addition arranged, and stores generate in each iterative process respectively Adaptive optimal control angle value Xt, every unit output P when choosing maximum peak modulation capacityitWith state array βit
(6) unit capacity is constrained, by the position (47*10) binary code generated in (2), is generated according to every ten binary codes One decimal number, in total available 47 decimal numbers, this 47 decimal number Ri(i=1,2,3...47) is indicated, The power output expression in every unit of each scheduling slot can be obtained are as follows:
Pi=(Pi max-Pi min)*Ri/(2^L-1)+Pi min
Alphabetical meaning is the same as noted earlier in formula;
The decimal number being converted into this guarantees the binary code being randomly generated in initial population is all by according to above-mentioned formula Constraint, to avoid infeasible initial solution is generated, helps to improve the effect of GA solution to meet the constraint of every unit capacity The quality of rate and solution;
(7) for unit climbing power constraint and respective start and stop power constraint, it is all made of hard constraint, i.e., when beyond constraint condition When, fitness is directly set 0.
8. the Unit Combination side of fired power generating unit depth peak regulation under the conditions of a kind of consideration wind-electricity integration according to claim 1 Method, which is characterized in that the operation process of the Unit Combination includes:
(1) initiation parameter inputs evolutionary generation, population size, cross and variation probability, parameter value range, single parameter word String length;
(2) parent population is randomly generated in initialization population, and adaptive optimal control degree initial value is arranged;
(3) iteration starts, and decodes and calculate fitness value, and evaluation individual stores adaptive optimal control angle value so far and is at present Only optimized parameter and so far optimum state array;
(4) heredity, single point crossing and Mutation is carried out to operate to form next-generation group;
(5) fitness value is calculated, evaluation individual stores adaptive optimal control angle value so far and so far optimized parameter and mesh Before until optimum state array;
(6) calculating if having reached evolutionary generation terminates, and otherwise jumps (4).
CN201811499152.5A 2018-12-08 2018-12-08 A kind of Unit Combination method of fired power generating unit depth peak regulation under the conditions of consideration wind-electricity integration Pending CN109472423A (en)

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