CN109472409B - Micro-grid group energy transaction method based on hunger factor and priority factor - Google Patents

Micro-grid group energy transaction method based on hunger factor and priority factor Download PDF

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CN109472409B
CN109472409B CN201811312667.XA CN201811312667A CN109472409B CN 109472409 B CN109472409 B CN 109472409B CN 201811312667 A CN201811312667 A CN 201811312667A CN 109472409 B CN109472409 B CN 109472409B
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王盼宝
张晓晨
孙红梅
谭岭玲
郝鑫
王卫
徐殿国
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Harbin Institute of Technology
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Abstract

The invention provides a micro-grid group energy trading method based on a hunger factor and a priority factor, and belongs to the technical field of micro-grid energy distribution. Renewable energy output and load power of each micro-grid are collected through GCC, and the micro-grids are divided into consumers and providers according to power difference. For consumers, based on the energy requirements of the purchasing provider, self-bidding is given by calculating a starvation factor and a priority factor, and each consumer is able to receive energy equal to the self-power differential when the total energy provided by the provider is greater than the total energy required by the consumer. The method can effectively realize reasonable distribution of power supply and demand.

Description

Micro-grid group energy transaction method based on hunger factor and priority factor
Technical Field
The invention relates to a micro-grid group energy trading method based on a hunger factor and a priority factor, and belongs to the technical field of micro-grid energy distribution.
Background
The micro-grid consists of a plurality of units such as a distributed power supply, a load, an energy storage device and the like, and each power generation unit is flexibly scheduled through an effective management and control system, so that the problem that renewable energy sources are scattered and connected into a large power grid in a large scale is effectively solved. A micro grid group is an extension of a micro grid system, a single micro grid is limited in capability of guaranteeing power supply quality, and the combination of a plurality of micro grids can increase stability and economy of the system. Compared with a single micro-grid, the micro-grid group not only ensures the normal operation of each power generation unit in the system in a grid-connected and island state, but also gives consideration to the energy flow among a plurality of micro-grids in the system so as to improve the power supply stability and economy. In a micro-grid community, part of micro-grids have limited self-regulation capability, so that the internal power generation amount of the micro-grids does not have to be balanced with the self-load in a unit time period, and the micro-grids externally present certain electric energy surplus or shortage. In order to ensure self-load power supply, the micro-grid with insufficient electric energy needs to purchase electricity for the micro-grid with surplus electric energy; in order to maximize the economic benefit of the micro-grid, it is desirable to sell excess power to the micro-grid. Based on these demands, market mechanisms are introduced in the micro-grid group system, and electric energy transaction can be performed between micro-grids. In the process of energy trading, how to reasonably distribute energy and benefits and how to ensure fairness of trading markets become a problem to be solved.
Aiming at the problems, a scholars propose a micro-grid trading method based on an auction mode, and each micro-grid continuously modifies own bid according to bids of other micro-grids, but the trading process under the method is complicated and complex in calculation, and the real-time performance of energy scheduling of the micro-grid group cannot be guaranteed. In addition, a learner puts forward a micro-grid bidding criterion according to factors such as a historical contribution rate, and the micro-grid with higher historical contribution rate is in a preferential position in the energy distribution process, but the method is not beneficial to stable operation of the micro-grid in a state of insufficient electric quantity for a long time.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem of supply and demand mismatch among micro-grids in communities, so that each micro-grid reaches an optimal economic state, the invention provides a micro-grid group energy trading method based on a hunger factor and a priority factor. The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method of microgrid group energy trading based on a starvation factor and a priority factor, the method comprising:
step one, setting a micro-grid group to comprise M micro-grids, wherein M= { MG 1 ,MG 2 ,MG 3 …,MG m -represents a collection of all micro-grids in a micro-grid community; according toDetermining a power differential ΔP of a microgrid t ，/>Photovoltaic output, fan output and load power of the micro-grid in time t are respectively;
step two, determining delta P t Magnitude relation with 0, if ΔP t < 0, MG is referred to as consumer, MG i Representing a certain consumer, I is a set of all consumers, I ε I; if DeltaP t > 0, MG is referred to as provider, MG j J is the set of all providers, J e J, representing a certain consumer;
determining the energy obtained by the consumer i from the transaction in the t period according to the consumer hunger factor and the consumer priority factor
Determining the energy output by the provider j in the energy transaction process according to the provider hunger factor and the consumer priority factor
Step five, judging the energy obtained by the consumer i in the t period from the transaction and the energy output by the provider j in the energy transaction process in the step four, and if the energy output by the provider j in the energy transaction process is smaller than the energy obtained by the consumer i in the t period from the transaction, outputting all the energy by all the providers; if the energy output by the provider j in the energy transaction process is greater than the energy obtained by the consumer i from the transaction in the period t, the provider outputs energy according to the proportion of the consumer priority factor;
step six, determining the profit obtained by the provider j according to the proportion of the output energy to the total output energy according to the total profit obtained by the provider, wherein the total profit obtained by the provider is expressed as:
the benefit of the provider j according to the proportion of the output energy to the total output energy is expressed as:
wherein,bidding for the consumer.
Further, the specific process of determining the energy obtained by the consumer i from the transaction in the period t in the step three is as follows:
the first step, the consumer hunger factor and the consumer priority factor are respectively obtained according to a consumer hunger factor model and a consumer priority factor model, wherein the consumer hunger factor model is as follows:
the consumer preference factor model is:
wherein the consumer hunger factor ST i Representing the energy required by consumer i; consumer preference factor PR i Representing the renewable energy permeability of the microgrid;
a second step of obtaining bidding parameters of the consumers i in the period t according to the consumer hunger factor and the consumer priority factor obtained in the first stepSaid bid parameter>The form of (2) is as follows:
wherein alpha is i And beta i Is a weight factor, 0 is less than or equal to alpha i ,β i Less than or equal to 1 and alpha i +β i ＝1，α i The larger the value of (2) indicates that the larger the consumer's influence of consumer ghrelin on consumer bid, beta i The greater the value of (2) indicating that the consumer preference factor has a greater impact on the consumer bid;
third step, combine the bidding parametersDetermining consumer bid +.>Said consumer bid->Expressed as:
wherein,the price of electricity purchase is from a large power grid; />Is selling electricity price to a large power grid, and +.>And->The following relationships are satisfied: c (C) GB ＜C i ＜C GS ；
Fourth, determining energy obtained by a consumer i from the transaction in a t period by combining the consumer bid, wherein the energy obtained by the consumer i from the transaction in the t period is as follows:
wherein,is the sum of the energy required during all consumer t periods,/->Is the sum of the energy that can be provided during all provider t periods; when the total energy provided by the provider is greater than the total energy required by the consumers, each consumer can obtain the energy equal to the self power difference, and the rest energy is sold to a large power grid; when the total energy provided by the provider is insufficient to compensate for the power balance of the consumers, energy is distributed to each consumer in accordance with the consumer bid proportions.
Further, the specific process of determining the energy output by the provider j in the energy transaction process in the fourth step is as follows:
step 1: determining provider preference factor PR based on provider preference factor model j The provider preference factor model is:
wherein,fan, photovoltaic, load power for provider j, respectively;
step 2: determining the energy output by the provider j in the energy transaction process in combination with the provider priority factor in the step 1, wherein the energy output by the provider j in the energy transaction process is expressed as:
wherein,representing the upper energy limit that provider j can provide, i.e., the value of the provider renewable energy minus the load: />
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the micro-grid group energy trading method based on the starvation factors and the priority factors, renewable energy output and load power of each micro-grid are collected through GCC, and the micro-grids are divided into consumers and providers according to power difference. For consumers, based on the energy demand of the purchasing provider, self-bidding is given by calculating a starvation factor and a priority factor, and when the total energy provided by the provider is greater than the total energy required by the consumers, each consumer can obtain energy equal to the self-power difference; when the total energy provided by the provider is insufficient to compensate the power difference of the consumers, distributing the energy to the consumers according to the bidding proportion of the consumers, and paying electricity price according to the obtained energy by the consumers; for the provider, the proportion of the supplied energy is determined by calculating the priority factor, and when the total supplied energy is greater than the total energy required by the consumer, the provider outputs the energy according to the proportion of the priority factor. When the total energy provided by the providers is insufficient to compensate for the power difference of the consumers, all the providers output all the available energy, and the providers obtain corresponding benefits according to the amount of the provided energy and the sum of the electricity prices paid by the consumers. The GCC transmits the optimization result to each micro-grid, so that the GCC performs energy transaction according to the optimization result.
According to the micro-grid group energy trading method provided by the invention, the micro-grids are divided into consumers and providers according to the surplus or insufficient conditions of the electric quantity in each micro-grid, the energy provided by the providers is distributed to the consumers according to the ratio of the bidding of the consumers, the income of the providers is distributed to the providers according to the ratio of the sales, the reasonable distribution of the supply and the demand of the electric energy is realized, the effective utilization rate of the electric energy is improved, the waste of the electric energy caused by the uneven distribution of the supply and the demand is greatly reduced, meanwhile, the bidding of the consumers is directly given according to the required power and the permeability of the renewable energy, the repeated bidding process is omitted, and the fairness of the trading market and the economical efficiency of the micro-grid group operation are ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a microgrid 1 power flow diagram;
fig. 2 is a comparison diagram of the power shortage of the micro grid 1 before and after;
FIG. 3 is a microgrid 2 power flow diagram;
fig. 4 is a comparison diagram of the micro grid 2 before and after power shortage;
fig. 5 is a microgrid 3 power flow diagram;
fig. 6 is a comparison diagram of the micro grid 3 before and after power shortage;
FIG. 7 is a flow chart of a transaction method according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to specific examples, but the invention is not limited to the examples.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 7, in the micro-grid group, each micro-grid can be uniformly managed by a global central controller (Global Central Controller, GCC). The main task of the GCC is to collect information sent by each micro-grid, and each micro-grid completes the energy transaction process according to the received instruction. Therefore, the specific steps of the micro-grid group energy transaction method in this embodiment include:
step one, setting a micro-grid group to comprise M micro-grids, wherein M= { MG 1 ,MG 2 ,MG 3 …,MG m -represents a collection of all micro-grids in a micro-grid community; according toDetermining a power differential Δpi of a microgrid t ，/>Photovoltaic output, fan output and load power of the micro grid i in time t are respectively;
step two, determining delta P i t And 0, ifMG j Referred to as provider, J is the set of all providers; if DeltaP i t ＜0，MG i Referred to as consumers, I is the set of all consumers;
determining the energy obtained by the consumer i from the transaction in the t period according to the consumer hunger factor and the consumer priority factor
Determining the energy output by the provider j in the energy transaction process according to the provider hunger factor and the consumer priority factor
Step five, judging the energy obtained by the consumer i in the t period from the transaction and the energy output by the provider j in the energy transaction process in the step four, and if the energy output by the provider j in the energy transaction process is smaller than the energy obtained by the consumer i in the t period from the transaction, outputting all the energy by all the providers; if the energy output by the provider j in the energy transaction process is greater than the energy obtained by the consumer i from the transaction in the period t, the provider outputs energy according to the proportion of the consumer priority factor; for example, if the priority factor of one micro-grid is a and the sum of the priority factors of all micro-grids is A, the output power of the micro-grid outputs energy according to the ratio of a/A.
Step six, determining the profit obtained by the provider j according to the proportion of the output energy to the total output energy according to the total profit obtained by the provider, wherein the total profit obtained by the provider is expressed as:
the benefit of the provider j according to the proportion of the output energy to the total output energy is expressed as:
wherein,bidding for the consumer.
In the micro-grid group energy transaction method according to the embodiment, the consumer bid parameter includes a starvation factor and a priority factor, the starvation factor is a proportion of energy required by consumers to total energy required by all consumers, and the priority factor is renewable energy permeability of the micro-grid. The trading market of the micro-grid group comprehensively considers the influence of two factors to determine energy bidding and distribution. The larger the consumer factor, the more energy is required, and the higher the bid, thereby obtaining more energy to ensure self-load supply. The higher the priority factor, the higher the renewable energy permeability, the more preferentially the energy is obtained, thereby encouraging the development of clean energy and promoting energy conversion. The provider takes only the priority factor into consideration, and the renewable energy source with high permeability outputs energy preferentially.
Example 2
The present embodiment is further defined by a method for trading energy of a micro-grid group based on a starvation factor and a priority factor according to embodiment 1, wherein the specific process of determining the energy obtained by the consumer i from the trade in the period t is as follows:
the first step, the consumer hunger factor and the consumer priority factor are respectively obtained according to a consumer hunger factor model and a consumer priority factor model, wherein the consumer hunger factor model is as follows:
the consumer preference factor model is:
wherein the consumer hunger factor ST i Representing the energy required by consumer i; consumer preference factor PR i Representing the permeability of renewable energy sources of the micro-grid, wherein consumers with high permeability preferentially obtain energy below the price of electricity purchased from a large power grid, so that the development of clean energy sources is encouraged, and the energy source transformation is promoted; PR (PR) j Is the only parameter of the output energy of the provider, PR j The larger the provider output the more energy, but without exceeding the upper limit of the self-surplus energy. A provider with high renewable energy permeability may sell more energy to other micro-grids than to large grids, thereby obtaining more revenue. Similar to the energy parameters acquired by consumers, the method is beneficial to the development and utilization of renewable energy sources through the micro-grid.
A second step of obtaining bidding parameters of the consumers i in the period t according to the consumer hunger factor and the consumer priority factor obtained in the first stepSaid bid parameter>The form of (2) is as follows:
wherein alpha is i And beta i Is a weight factor, 0 is less than or equal to alpha i ,β i Less than or equal to 1 and alpha i +β i ＝1，α i The larger the value of (2) indicates that the larger the consumer's influence of consumer ghrelin on consumer bid, beta i The greater the value of (2) indicating that the consumer preference factor has a greater impact on the consumer bid;
third step, combine the bidding parametersDetermining consumer bid +.>Said consumer bid->Expressed as:
wherein,the price of electricity purchase is from a large power grid; />Is selling electricity price to a large power grid, and +.>And->The following relationships are satisfied: c (C) GB ＜C i ＜C GS Such pricing can encourage preferential energy exchange between micro-grids, and then exchange energy with large grids;
fourth, determining energy obtained by a consumer i from the transaction in a t period by combining the consumer bid, wherein the energy obtained by the consumer i from the transaction in the t period is as follows:
wherein,is the sum of the energy required during all consumer t periods,/->Is the sum of the energy that can be provided during all provider t periods; when the total energy provided by the provider is greater than the total energy required by the consumers, each consumer can obtain the energy equal to the self power difference, and the rest energy is sold to a large power grid; when the total energy provided by the provider is insufficient to compensate for the power balance of the consumers, energy is distributed to each consumer in accordance with the consumer bid proportions.
Example 3
The present embodiment is further defined by the method for micro-grid group energy transaction based on a starvation factor and a priority factor according to embodiment 1, wherein the specific process of determining the energy output by the provider j in the energy transaction process is as follows:
step 1: determining provider preference factor PR based on provider preference factor model j The provider preference factor model is:
wherein,fan, photovoltaic, load power for provider j, respectively;
step 2: determining the energy output by the provider j in the energy transaction process in combination with the provider priority factor in the step 1, wherein the energy output by the provider j in the energy transaction process is expressed as:
wherein,representing the upper energy limit that provider j can provide, i.e., the value of the provider renewable energy minus the load: />
The experimental verification process of the micro-grid group energy transaction method based on the hunger factor and the priority factor in this embodiment is as follows:
three micro-grids are configured to form a micro-grid group by adopting HOMER software, and the configuration results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 configuration of micro-grid
Alpha of each micro-grid in system i And beta i The values were all 0.5, indicating that the renewable energy permeability and the power balance had the same bidding impact on each microgrid.
And (3) writing a program by utilizing MATLAB, and obtaining the energy flow condition among all the micro-grids according to the proposed energy transaction method, as shown in figures 1, 3 and 5. During the period of 0:00-5:00, the power difference of the three micro-grids is not large, and the power flow is not obvious. During the period 8:00-16:00, the renewable energy power of the micro-grid 1 is larger than the self-load power, the power difference of the other two micro-grids is negative and the power difference is consumer, as shown in fig. 1, the energy of the micro-grid 1 flows to the other two micro-grids according to the bidding proportion. During 18:00-23:00, as consumers, microgrid 1 and microgrid 2, energy flows primarily from microgrid 3 to microgrid 1 and microgrid 2. The comparison results of the power of each sub-micro grid before and after the proposed energy trading method are shown in fig. 2, 4 and 6, and compared with the situation that the proposed energy trading method is not adopted, the power difference fluctuation of each micro grid is reduced, and the effectiveness of the proposed energy trading method is proved. The energy is reasonably distributed and flows in the micro-grid group, and the flow of the energy can be reasonably regulated according to the hunger factor and the priority factor, so that the micro-grid with high renewable energy permeability obtains higher participation in the process of energy transaction, and better economic benefit is obtained; meanwhile, the power difference of each micro-grid is considered, so that the micro-grid with larger power difference can trade more energy, and the stability of the micro-grid is ensured. In addition, the strategy stimulates the micro-grid to conduct energy transaction with other micro-grids through making reasonable pricing, so that energy is consumed in the micro-grid community, dependence of the micro-grid community on a large grid is reduced, and self-operation stability is improved.
According to the micro-grid group energy trading method based on the starvation factors and the priority factors, renewable energy output and load power of each micro-grid are collected through GCC, and the micro-grids are divided into consumers and providers according to power difference. For consumers, based on the energy demand of the purchasing provider, self-bidding is given by calculating a starvation factor and a priority factor, and when the total energy provided by the provider is greater than the total energy required by the consumers, each consumer can obtain energy equal to the self-power difference; when the total energy provided by the provider is insufficient to compensate the power difference of the consumers, distributing the energy to the consumers according to the bidding proportion of the consumers, and paying electricity price according to the obtained energy by the consumers; for the provider, the proportion of the supplied energy is determined by calculating the priority factor, and when the total supplied energy is greater than the total energy required by the consumer, the provider outputs the energy according to the proportion of the priority factor. When the total energy provided by the providers is insufficient to compensate for the power difference of the consumers, all the providers output all the available energy, and the providers obtain corresponding benefits according to the amount of the provided energy and the sum of the electricity prices paid by the consumers. The GCC transmits the optimization result to each micro-grid, so that the GCC performs energy transaction according to the optimization result.
According to the micro-grid group energy trading method provided by the invention, the micro-grids are divided into consumers and providers according to the surplus or insufficient conditions of the electric quantity in each micro-grid, the energy provided by the providers is distributed to the consumers according to the ratio of the bidding of the consumers, the income of the providers is distributed to the providers according to the ratio of the sales, the reasonable distribution of the supply and the demand of the electric energy is realized, the effective utilization rate of the electric energy is improved, the waste of the electric energy caused by the uneven distribution of the supply and the demand is greatly reduced, meanwhile, the bidding of the consumers is directly given according to the required power and the permeability of the renewable energy, the repeated bidding process is omitted, and the fairness of the trading market and the economical efficiency of the micro-grid group operation are ensured.
While the invention has been described in terms of preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limited thereto, but rather to enable any person skilled in the art to make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which is therefore to be limited only by the appended claims.

Claims (1)

1. A method of micro-grid cluster energy trading based on a starvation factor and a priority factor, the method comprising:
step one, setting a micro-grid group to comprise M micro-grids, wherein M= { MG 1 ,MG 2 ,MG 3 ,MG m -represents a collection of all micro-grids in a micro-grid community; according toDetermining a power differential ΔP of a microgrid i t ，/> Photovoltaic output, fan output and load power of the micro grid i in time t are respectively;
step two, determining delta P i t Between 0 and 0If DeltaP i t > 0, MG is referred to as provider, MG j J is the set of all providers, J e J, representing a certain provider; if DeltaP i t < 0, MG is referred to as provider, MG i Representing a certain consumer, I is a set of all consumers, I ε I;
determining the energy obtained by the consumer i from the transaction in the t period according to the consumer hunger factor and the consumer priority factor
Determining the energy output by the provider j in the energy transaction process according to the provider hunger factor and the consumer priority factor
Step five, judging the energy obtained by the consumer i in the t period from the transaction and the energy output by the provider j in the energy transaction process in the step four, and if the energy output by the provider j in the energy transaction process is smaller than the energy obtained by the consumer i in the t period from the transaction, outputting all the energy by all the providers; if the energy output by the provider j in the energy transaction process is greater than the energy obtained by the consumer i from the transaction in the period t, the provider outputs energy according to the proportion of the consumer priority factor;
the specific process of determining the energy obtained by the consumer i from the transaction in the period t is as follows:
the first step, the consumer hunger factor and the consumer priority factor are respectively obtained according to a consumer hunger factor model and a consumer priority factor model, wherein the consumer hunger factor model is as follows:
the consumer preference factor model is:
wherein the consumer hunger factor ST i Representing the energy required by consumer i; consumer preference factor PR i Representing the renewable energy permeability of the microgrid;
third step, combine the bidding parametersDetermining consumer bid +.>Said consumer bid->Expressed as:
wherein,the price of electricity purchase is from a large power grid; />Is selling electricity price to a large power grid, and +.>And->The following relationships are satisfied: c (C) GB ＜C i ＜C GS ；
Fourth, determining energy obtained by a consumer i from the transaction in a t period by combining the consumer bid, wherein the energy obtained by the consumer i from the transaction in the t period is as follows:
wherein,is the sum of the energy required during all consumer t periods,/->Is the sum of the energy that can be provided during all provider t periods; when the total energy provided by the provider is greater than the total energy required by the consumers, each consumer can obtain the energy equal to the self power difference, and the rest energy is sold to a large power grid; distributing energy to individual consumers in accordance with consumer bid proportions when the total energy provided by the provider is insufficient to compensate for the consumer's power spread;
the specific process of determining the energy output by the provider j in the energy transaction process is as follows:
step 1: determining provider preference factor PR based on provider preference factor model j The provider preference factor model is:
wherein,respectively representing the fan, the photovoltaic and the load rate of the provider j;
step 2: determining the energy output by the provider j in the energy transaction process in combination with the provider priority factor in the step 1, wherein the energy output by the provider j in the energy transaction process is expressed as:
wherein,indicating the upper energy limit that provider j can provide, i.e. the value of the provider renewable energy minus the load,
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