CN109471912A - A kind of the extremal region division and extreme value extracting method of two-dimension GIS raster data - Google Patents
A kind of the extremal region division and extreme value extracting method of two-dimension GIS raster data Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of division of the extremal region of two-dimension GIS raster data and extreme value extracting methods, the extreme value size in extreme value active region and each active region to reflect the distribution of certain space variable.The input terminal of this method includes the two-dimension GIS raster data for reflecting the distribution of certain space variable, and output end is the extreme value size in face element vector file and each face element based on the raster data region；Wherein, face element is the extreme value active region of space variable distribution.The calculation process of this method has mainly analogized the framework of the hydrological analysis tool of ESRI arcGIS and algorithm obtains extremal region division, applies the workflows such as the spatial statistics of ESRI arcGIS and obtains the extreme value in each extremal region.This method calculates quick and precisely, and required data can routinely process be collected, and has application value in the particular problem that many extremal regions for being related to two-dimension GIS raster data divide and extreme value is extracted.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of extremal regions of two-dimension GIS raster data to divide and extreme value extracting method.
Background technique
Often it is related to the calculating and regional assignment of local maximum in spatial analysis；In actual operation, raster data is normal
Data acquisition and storage form.Related project has the characteristics that comprehensive height, strong operability, profession are wide, often relates to
Multi-party face data, wherein the analysis for the extreme value size being no lack of in the extreme value active region and each active region to the distribution of certain space variable needs
It asks.It, can be empty to be promoted as can introducing a kind of method for easily dividing extremal region and extracting extreme value in spatial analysis process
Between element interpretation ability, deepen to provide hardware supported to the understanding of existing data, also can be the interaction design, multifactor of data
Collaborative design and data mining technical specification provide technological reserve.However, the related analysis with spatial data at this stage
Lack the method that fast divides extremal region and extracts extreme value.
ESRI arcGIS platform provides telescopic, flexible Space processing and interprets ability again, has powerful number
According to tool redevelopment ability；In the same circumstances, the raster data operation of ESRI arcGIS and processing speed be faster than it is most other
Software is conducive to the portable processing of raster data.Wherein, the special tool such as hydrological analysis, range statistics can be applied to classics
Other analysis fields outside function can divide for the extremal region of two-dimension GIS raster data and extreme value provides solution.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of extremal region of two-dimension GIS raster data divide and extreme value extracting method,
The extreme value size in extreme value active region and each active region to reflect the distribution of certain space variable.The present invention is with ESRI arcGIS
10.3 is basic platforms, and the framework and algorithm for analogizing the hydrological analysis tool in spatial analysis module obtain extremal region division,
The workflows such as application region statistics obtain the extreme value in each extremal region.
In order to achieve the above object, technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of extremal region of two-dimension GIS raster data divides and extreme value extracting method, it is characterised in that the system comprises with
Lower module:
Data input pin and preprocessing module, data input pin include the two-dimension GIS raster data for reflecting the distribution of certain space variable；
First data calculate stream and output module, using the confluence direction calculating and basin in ESRI arcGIS hydrological analysis tool
Domain calculates, and carries out extremal region division, obtains basin domain vector graphics；
Second data calculate stream and output module, are carried out using ESRI arcGIS based on the range statistics method of extremal region
The extreme value in each region is extracted, and the basin domain vector of additional extreme value is obtained.
Further, the data input pin and preprocessing module include: that two-dimension GIS raster data has suitable pixel
Scale, grid point value is continuous with spatial variations, shows Distribution Pattern of certain space variable under the scale；ESRI arcGIS is set
Analysis environment, specified range has to be larger than the raster data as data input pin, analyzes granularity selection data input pin grid
The pixel dimension of lattice data.
Further, such as maximizing, the first data calculate stream and output module includes:
1. executing the opposite transformation of variables of input raster, wound by using the raster symbol-base tool creation expression formula of spatial analysis module
Build and run the map algebra expression formula for capableing of output grid data set；
2. use space analysis module flows to confluence direction grid of the calculating instrument creation from each pixel to its descending consecutive points
Lattice；
3. the basin domain calculating instrument of use space analysis module is described the grid in all basin domains by the creation of confluence direction grid；
4. turning face tool using the grid of data conversion module is converted to vector graphics for basin domain raster data.
Further, such as minimizing, the first data calculate stream and output module includes:
1. use space analysis module flows to confluence direction grid of the calculating instrument creation from each pixel to its descending consecutive points
Lattice；
2. the basin domain calculating instrument of use space analysis module is described the grid in all basin domains by the creation of confluence direction grid；
3. turning face tool using the grid of data conversion module is converted to vector graphics for basin domain raster data.
Further, the second data calculate stream and output module includes:
1. the range statistics tool of use space analysis module obtains the statistical information of input raster value in the region of basin domain, basin is obtained
Domain statistical form；
2. the field fastening means of data management module is used, based on public attribute field by the MIN or MAX in the statistical form of basin domain
Field connection is appended in the vector graphics of basin domain, obtains the basin domain vector chart containing extreme value information.
This method calculates quick and precisely, and required data can routinely process be collected, and is related to two-dimension GIS raster data many
Extremal region divide and extreme value extract particular problem in have application value.The input terminal of this method includes reflecting certain space
The two-dimension GIS raster data of variable distribution, output end are face element vector file and each face element based on the raster data region
Interior extreme value size；Wherein, face element is the extreme value active region of space variable distribution.The calculation process of this method is mainly analogized
The framework and algorithm of the hydrological analysis tool of ESRI arcGIS obtain extremal region division, apply the space of ESRI arcGIS
The workflows such as statistics obtain the extreme value in each extremal region.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is flow diagram of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the flow diagram of data input pin and preprocessing module.
Fig. 3 is the flow diagram that the first data calculate stream and output module in the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the flow diagram that the second data calculate stream and output module in the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The extremal region of two-dimension GIS raster data of the present invention divides and extreme value extracting method, and this method is based primarily upon
The framework and algorithm of ESRI arcGIS is write.
Party's law system includes three big modules: data input pin, data calculating is flowed and output end 1, data calculating are flowed and defeated
Outlet 2.Fig. 1 shows an exemplary corresponding analysis process.
(1) data input pin and pretreatment
For the raster data that general GIS processing uses, Data Structures are two dimensional image, have space coordinate set attribute.Grid
Space is exactly divided into regular grid by lattice data, each grid is known as a unit, and phase is assigned in each unit
The attribute value answered carrys out a kind of data mode of presentation-entity.The position of each unit (pixel) is defined by its ranks number, institute
The provider location of expression is lain in grid column locations, and each data in data organization indicate the non-geometric of atural object or phenomenon
Attribute or the pointer for being directed toward its attribute.One outstanding compressed data encoding scheme is: reducing Computing to greatest extent
The compression of amplitude peak is carried out on the basic point of time.
As the data input pin of this method, there must be suitable pixel dimension using raster data, grid point value is with sky
Between change continuous, show Distribution Pattern of certain space variable under the scale.
As the important previous step of spatial analysis, the analysis environment of ESRI arcGIS must be set first.Specified range
(Extent) raster data as data input pin is had to be larger than, analysis granularity (CellSize) selects data input pin grid
The pixel dimension of data.
(2) first data calculate stream and output module: obtaining basin domain vector graphics
1. (if maximizing) executes input raster by using the raster symbol-base tool creation expression formula of spatial analysis module
Opposite transformation of variables, " map algebra " expression formula of output grid data set is capable of in creation and operation.Calling module and tool:
SpatialAnalysis -- RasterCal (0-input,<output>).
Input is two-dimension GIS grid to be calculated, and<output>is its opposite number；The syntax rule of map algebra expression formula is adopted
With syntax rule general in ESRI arcGIS；Raster symbol-base device runs " map algebra " main body function as geographical handling implement
Energy.
2. the calculating instrument that flows to of use space analysis module is created from each pixel to the confluence side of its descending consecutive points
To grid, support method is D8 algorithm.Calling module and tool: SpatialAnalysis -- FlowDirection (input,<Output>, “FORCE”)。
Input be two-dimension GIS grid (if minimizing) or its opposite number (if maximizing) to be calculated,<Output>For the direction grid that converges；D8 flows to method and models to the flow direction of each pixel to its steepest descending neighborhood, obtains being worth between 1
Integer grid between to 255, grid point value represent the coding (1: east from center all directions；2: the southeast；4: south；8: southwest；
16: west；32: northwest；64: north；128: northeast)；Determine the universal law of flow direction are as follows: if certain pixel is lower than eight adjacent pictures
Member will then specify the minimum of its adjacent picture elements for the pixel, and flow direction be defined as towards this pixel；Run D8 flow direction algorithm
When, select " FORCE " to force all edge pixels to flow outward to enable.
3. the basin domain calculating instrument of use space analysis module is described the grid in all basin domains by the creation of confluence direction grid.
Calling module and tool: SpatialAnalysis -- Basin (input,<Output>)。
Input is confluence direction grid, and<output>is basin domain grid；The hydrology tool set of ESRI arcGIS is silent by identification
Recognize generated under D8 algorithm flow to integer grid, by analysis flow direction variation find out the ridge line between basin, in analysis window
Middle description belongs to all of same basin domain and has connected pixel group；The discrete type grid point value in basin domain is related with space encoding, with space
Variation is discontinuous；All pixels in certain basin domain (grid point value is uniform, the space encoding of corresponding discrete type grid) will all belong to this
Basin domain.
4. turning face tool using the grid of data conversion module is converted to vector graphics for basin domain raster data.Calling module
And tool: Conservation -- RasterToPolygon (input,<output>, " FALSE ").
Input is basin domain grid, and<output>is basin domain vector graphics；The pixel of input should have suitable scale size；It is defeated
Enter due to being effective discrete type raster dataset, pixel value can be as relevant parameter by the component attributes field institute of<output>
It inherits, (additional field header Gridcode can be generated, field value is derived from each for forming a line in the attribute list of output factor kind
Element corresponds to the value of discrete type grid, i.e. space encoding)；Input raster be converted to face element output when, select " FALSE " with
Avoid the occurrence of the simplification and missing of vector data.
(3) second data calculate stream and output module: obtaining the basin domain vector of additional extreme value
1. the range statistics tool of use space analysis module obtains the statistical information of input raster value in the region of basin domain, basin is obtained
Domain statistical form.Calling module and tool: SpatialAnalysis -- ZonalStatisticsAsTable (input 1,
" FID ", input 2,<output>, " DATA ").
Input 1 is basin domain vector graphics (region is defined as all areas of factor data collection in input 1 with identical value), defeated
Enter 2 for two-dimension GIS grid to be calculated,<output>is basin domain statistical form；Predetermined operation is such as pressed, 1 spatial dimension, resolution are inputted
Rate and coordinate system will be mutually similar with input 2, and the computing function can be used directly；No matter input in 2 is in 1 region of input
No there are NoData pixels, and selection " DATA " mode is to ignore influence of the NoData pixel to findings data in final<output>.
2. the field fastening means of data management module is used, it will be in the statistical form of basin domain based on public attribute field
The connection of " MIN " or " MAX " field is appended in the vector graphics of basin domain, obtains the basin domain vector chart containing extreme value information.It calls
Module and tool: DataManagement -- joinfield (input 1, " FID ", input 2, " Value ", " MIN " or
“MAX”)。
Input 1 is basin domain vector graphics (shapefile and table of matching face factor kind), and input 2 is basin domain statistical form；?
In field connection procedure, all fields are retained in input 1；By the value for accurately matching basin domain vector graphics field " FID "
It is additional when required basin domain statistical form " MIN " or " MAX " being selected to be recorded in connection with the value of basin domain statistics literary name section " Value "
Into the table of basin domain vector graphics；Field " MIN " (if you need to extract minimum value) or " MAX " is selected in optional link field parameter
(if you need to extract maximum value), only the part field (" MIN " or " MAX ") in input 2 to be added in input 1, respective field
Value will be connected in output；Record in connection table can press the rule phase of " one-to-one " with multiple records in input table
Matching.
The present invention, as target, is all kinds of skies to delimit the extremal region of two-dimension GIS grid, extract extreme value in each extremal region
Between data interpret and data mining provide convenient and fast solution, it is intended to promote the analysis means of all kinds of routine data collection.This
Method has used for reference the raster data operation and processing capacity of ESRI arcGIS, and required data can routinely process be collected, effectively be adjusted
Specific application demand is realized with the function of the special tool such as hydrological analysis, range statistics, is related to two-dimension GIS grid many
There is application value in the particular problem that the extremal region of data divides and extreme value is extracted.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of extremal region of two-dimension GIS raster data divides and extreme value extracting method, it is characterised in that the system comprises
With lower module:
Data input pin and preprocessing module, data input pin include the two-dimension GIS raster data for reflecting the distribution of certain space variable；
First data calculate stream and output module, using the confluence direction calculating and basin in ESRI arcGIS hydrological analysis tool
Domain calculates, and carries out extremal region division, obtains basin domain vector graphics；
Second data calculate stream and output module, are carried out using ESRI arcGIS based on the range statistics method of extremal region
The extreme value in each region is extracted, and the basin domain vector of additional extreme value is obtained.
2. the extremal region of two-dimension GIS raster data as described in claim 1 divides and extreme value extracting method, feature exists
In such as maximizing, the first data calculate stream and output module includes:
1. executing the opposite transformation of variables of input raster, wound by using the raster symbol-base tool creation expression formula of spatial analysis module
Build and run the map algebra expression formula for capableing of output grid data set；
2. use space analysis module flows to confluence direction grid of the calculating instrument creation from each pixel to its descending consecutive points
Lattice；
3. the basin domain calculating instrument of use space analysis module is described the grid in all basin domains by the creation of confluence direction grid；
4. turning face tool using the grid of data conversion module is converted to vector graphics for basin domain raster data.
3. the extremal region of two-dimension GIS raster data as described in claim 1 divides and extreme value extracting method, feature exists
In such as minimizing, the first data calculate stream and output module includes:
1. use space analysis module flows to confluence direction grid of the calculating instrument creation from each pixel to its descending consecutive points
Lattice；
2. the basin domain calculating instrument of use space analysis module is described the grid in all basin domains by the creation of confluence direction grid；
3. turning face tool using the grid of data conversion module is converted to vector graphics for basin domain raster data.
4. the extremal region of two-dimension GIS raster data as described in claim 1 divides and extreme value extracting method, feature exists
In the second data calculate stream and output module includes:
1. the range statistics tool of use space analysis module obtains the statistical information of input raster value in the region of basin domain, basin is obtained
Domain statistical form；
2. the field fastening means of data management module is used, based on public attribute field by the MIN or MAX in the statistical form of basin domain
Field connection is appended in the vector graphics of basin domain, obtains the basin domain vector chart containing extreme value information.
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| CN104820826A (en) * | 2015-04-27 | 2015-08-05 | 重庆大学 | Digital elevation model-based slope form extraction and recognition method |
| CN106897519A (en) * | 2017-02-27 | 2017-06-27 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | A kind of inland lake gathering ground demarcation method based on DEM |
| CN107103088A (en) * | 2017-05-03 | 2017-08-29 | 南京信息工程大学 | A kind of DEM grid cells size extracts the evaluation method of Influencing Mechanism to water catchment area |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
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