CN109470925B - Insulation resistance measuring circuit and system - Google Patents
Insulation resistance measuring circuit and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN109470925B CN109470925B CN201811481740.6A CN201811481740A CN109470925B CN 109470925 B CN109470925 B CN 109470925B CN 201811481740 A CN201811481740 A CN 201811481740A CN 109470925 B CN109470925 B CN 109470925B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
- G01R27/02—Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
- G01R27/025—Measuring very high resistances, e.g. isolation resistances, i.e. megohm-meters
Abstract
The embodiment of the invention relates to the field of electricity, and discloses an insulation resistance measuring circuit and system. In the present invention, an insulation resistance measuring circuit includes: one end of the capacitor is connected with one end of an insulation resistor in the storage battery, and the other end of the insulation resistor is grounded; the insulation resistance measurement circuit further includes: a control unit; the control unit is used for controlling the charging and discharging state of the capacitor and acquiring a first voltage at the other end of the capacitor in the charging process of the capacitor and a second voltage at the other end of the capacitor in the discharging process of the capacitor; and the control unit is also used for obtaining the resistance value of the insulation resistor in the storage battery according to the change of the first voltage and the second voltage. The embodiment of the invention also provides an insulation resistance measuring system; the structure of the insulation resistance measuring circuit is simpler, and the purpose of measuring the resistance value of the insulation resistance can be achieved through simpler calculation.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the field of electricity, in particular to an insulation resistance measuring circuit and system.
Background
Most electronic products have circuits that are substantially insulated from the outside to prevent accidents caused by electric leakage or additionally permeate unnecessary noise from the outside. However, in actual product use sites, severe environmental conditions such as permeation of moisture to the periphery of the product and corrosion of acid and alkali gases often occur, and particularly, when moisture is present in the vicinity of a power supply, electrical leakage occurs due to dielectric breakdown. When an undesired leakage occurs due to dielectric breakdown in this manner, a resistance formed in a path of the leakage is referred to as an insulation resistance. For example, in a battery provided in an electric vehicle, since the battery is included in an engine room and a driving device such as an engine and an air conditioner such as various heat exchangers are disposed around the battery, there is a possibility that severe environmental conditions as described above may occur, which may result in insulation damage due to rapid deterioration of a power cable and other insulating materials, and thus, the insulation strength may be greatly reduced, thereby endangering personal safety. Therefore, the battery is provided with an insulation resistance measuring circuit for sensing insulation damage of the battery electrode so as to know whether the insulation performance of the battery electrode is good or not.
However, the inventors found that at least the following problems exist in the prior art: in order to measure the resistance value of the insulation resistor in the prior art, the designed insulation resistor measuring circuit is complex in structure and high in calculation complexity.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide an insulation resistance measurement circuit and system, so that the structure of the insulation resistance measurement circuit is relatively simple, and the purpose of measuring the resistance value of an insulation resistance can be achieved through relatively simple calculation.
In order to solve the above technical problem, an embodiment of the present invention provides an insulation resistance measurement circuit, including: one end of the capacitor is connected with one end of an insulation resistor in the storage battery, and the other end of the insulation resistor is grounded; the insulation resistance measurement circuit further includes: a control unit; the control unit is used for controlling the charging and discharging state of the capacitor and acquiring a first voltage at the other end of the capacitor in the charging process of the capacitor and a second voltage at the other end of the capacitor in the discharging process of the capacitor; and the control unit is also used for achieving the purpose of measuring the resistance value of the insulation resistor through simpler calculation according to the change of the first voltage and the second voltage.
An embodiment of the present invention also provides an insulation resistance measurement system, including: the storage battery and the insulation resistance measuring circuit.
Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the invention provides an insulation resistance measuring circuit, which comprises: a capacitor and a control unit. One end of the capacitor is connected with one end of an insulation resistor in the storage battery, and the other end of the insulation resistor is grounded; the control unit is used for controlling the charging and discharging state of the capacitor and acquiring a first voltage at the other end of the capacitor in the charging process of the capacitor and a second voltage at the other end of the capacitor in the discharging process of the capacitor; and the control unit is also used for obtaining the resistance value of the insulation resistor in the storage battery according to the change of the first voltage and the second voltage. In this embodiment, the resistance of the insulation resistor in the storage battery is obtained through the change of the voltage at the other end of the capacitor in the charging process and the discharging process respectively, and a sampling circuit which is required to be used in the prior art is not required to be used, so that the structure of the insulation resistor measuring circuit is simpler, and the purpose of measuring the resistance of the insulation resistor can be achieved through simpler calculation.
In addition, the control unit is specifically configured to obtain the resistance value of the insulation resistor in the storage battery according to first time information required when the first voltage is greater than the first reference voltage and second time information required when the second voltage is less than the second reference voltage. In this embodiment, the resistance value of the insulation resistor in the storage battery is obtained by time information of changes of the voltage reflected at the other end of the capacitor in the charging process and the discharging process, respectively, and a specific implementation mode for measuring the resistance value of the insulation resistor is disclosed.
In addition, the insulation resistance measurement circuit further includes: the first comparator and the second comparator are respectively connected to the other end of the capacitor; a first comparator for comparing a first voltage with a first reference voltage and outputting a first level signal; the control unit is specifically used for acquiring first time information according to the first level signal; a second comparator for comparing the second voltage with a second reference voltage and outputting a second level signal; and the control unit is specifically used for acquiring the second time information according to the second level signal. In this embodiment, a specific implementation manner is disclosed in which the two pieces of time information are obtained by using two comparators, so that the problem that system resources are occupied due to the need of calling a sampling circuit in the prior art is solved, and the occupation of the system resources by the insulation resistance measurement circuit in this implementation manner is reduced.
The control unit controls the charge/discharge state of the capacitor by transmitting a digital pulse wave signal to the control switch. In this embodiment, the accuracy of the measurement result of the insulation resistance measurement circuit can be increased by accurately controlling the on and off of the control switch by using the digital pulse wave signal.
Drawings
One or more embodiments are illustrated by way of example in the accompanying drawings, which correspond to the figures in which like reference numerals refer to similar elements and which are not to scale unless otherwise specified.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a structural connection of an insulation resistance measuring circuit according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of an insulation resistance measuring circuit provided according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of a prior art insulation resistance measurement circuit provided in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a circuit diagram of an insulation resistance measuring circuit provided according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural connection diagram of an insulation resistance measurement system according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, it will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that numerous technical details are set forth in order to provide a better understanding of the present application in various embodiments of the present invention. However, the technical solution claimed in the present application can be implemented without these technical details and various changes and modifications based on the following embodiments.
A first embodiment of the present invention relates to an insulation resistance measurement circuit, as shown in fig. 1. In this embodiment, the insulation resistance measurement circuit includes: a capacitor 10 and a control unit 11. One end of the capacitor 10 is connected with one end of an insulation resistor in the storage battery, and the other end of the insulation resistor is grounded; the control unit 11 is configured to control a charging and discharging state of the capacitor 10, and obtain a first voltage at the other end of the capacitor 10 in a charging process of the capacitor 10 and a second voltage at the other end of the capacitor 10 in a discharging process of the capacitor 10; and the control unit 11 is further configured to obtain a resistance value of the insulation resistor in the storage battery according to the change of the first voltage and the second voltage.
In this embodiment, the resistance of the insulation resistor in the storage battery is obtained by the change of the voltage at the other end of the capacitor 10 in the charging process and the discharging process respectively, and a sampling circuit which is required to be used in the prior art is not required to be used, so that the structure of the insulation resistor measuring circuit is simpler, and the purpose of measuring the resistance of the insulation resistor can be achieved by simple calculation.
The following describes in detail the implementation details of the insulation resistance measurement circuit according to the present embodiment, and the following description is provided only for the sake of understanding and is not necessary for implementing the present embodiment.
It should be emphasized that the connection relationship of one end of the capacitor 10 to one end of an insulation resistor in the battery and the other end of the insulation resistor to the ground means that the other end of the insulation resistor is connected to a device that needs to be connected to a portion of the battery system to be insulated from the battery, for example, a protective ground provided in connection with a body of an automobile or the like, and is provided in order to prevent such a voltage from endangering personal safety in consideration of the possibility of electrification due to insulation damage.
Specifically, in the present embodiment, the control unit 11 may obtain the resistance value of the insulation resistor in the battery according to first time information required when the first voltage is greater than the first reference voltage Vref1 and second time information required when the second voltage is less than the second reference voltage Vref 2. The control Unit 11 may be a micro controller Unit ("MCU") for short.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of an insulation resistance measurement circuit according to an example provided in the present embodiment.
In this embodiment, the insulation resistance measurement circuit may include a first comparator and a second comparator. It should be noted that, although the types of the first comparator and the second comparator shown in fig. 2 are both high-speed comparators, in practical applications, related staff may select a specific type of the comparator according to actual requirements, and this embodiment is not limited to this.
Specifically, V2 in the figure represents the voltage value at the other end of the capacitor 10; a first comparator for comparing the first voltage with a first reference voltage Vref1 and outputting a first level signal; the control unit 11 is specifically configured to obtain first time information according to the first level signal; a second comparator for comparing the second voltage with a second reference voltage Vref2 and outputting a second level signal; the control unit 11 is specifically configured to obtain the second time information according to the second level signal.
Further, the first comparator is specifically configured to compare the first voltage when the capacitor 10 is in the charging state with the first reference voltage Vref1, and output a first level signal, when the first voltage is greater than the first reference voltage Vref1, the level signal output by the first comparator changes from a low level to a high level, and the control unit 11 is configured to obtain first time information required for the first level signal to change from the low level to the high level; the second comparator is specifically configured to compare the second voltage of the capacitor 10 in the discharging state with the second reference voltage Vref2, and output a second level signal, when the second voltage is less than the second reference voltage Vref2, the level signal output by the second comparator changes from the low level to the high level, and the control unit 11 is configured to obtain second time information required for changing the second level signal from the low level to the high level, so that the resistance value of the insulation resistor can be obtained according to the first time information and the second time information in combination with the charging and discharging characteristic function of the capacitor 10.
In this embodiment, a specific implementation manner is disclosed in which the two pieces of time information are obtained by using two comparators, so that the problem that system resources are occupied due to the need of calling a sampling circuit in the prior art is solved, and the occupation of the system resources by the insulation resistance measurement circuit in this implementation manner is reduced.
Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a circuit diagram of an insulation resistance measurement circuit provided according to the prior art. According to the circuit diagram, the resistance value of the insulation resistor can be measured by a bridge method. In the figure, RC1 and RC2 are standard resistors with known resistance values for measurement, RP and RN are insulation resistors to be measured, and RP is the insulation resistor of the positive end of the battery to the chassis; RN is the insulation resistance of the negative terminal of the battery to the chassis. When the switches S1, S2 are all open, and the voltages between the positive and negative buses and the electric chassis are measured as UP0, UN0, respectively, then equation (1) can be obtained: UP0/RP is UN 0/RN; when the switch S1 is closed and the switch S2 is opened, a standard resistor RC1 is added between the positive bus and the chassis, and the voltages between the positive bus and the electrical chassis and between the negative bus and the electrical chassis are measured as UPP and UNP, respectively, so that the formula (2) can be obtained: UPP/RP + UPP/RC is UNP/RN; combining formulae (1) and (2) gives:
RP＝RC1[(UP0*UNP-UN0*UPP)/UP0*UPP]；
similarly, a calculation formula of the insulation resistance RN to be measured can also be obtained, and details are not repeated here.
As can be understood by those skilled in the art, in the insulation resistance measurement circuit in the prior art, an Analog-to-Digital conversion circuit (ADC) is required for data acquisition. Moreover, the adoption mode of the ADC sampling circuit is complex; and because the ADC sampling circuit needs to be input into a driving circuit, a large amount of system resources are required to be occupied in the calling process of the ADC sampling circuit.
It is easy to find that the embodiment provides an insulation resistance measuring circuit, through the change at the charging process and the discharge process respectively according to the voltage of the other end of the electric capacity 10, obtain the resistance of insulation resistance in the battery, need not to use the sampling circuit that needs to use among the prior art, consequently make insulation resistance measuring circuit's structure comparatively simple, also make to reach the purpose of surveying insulation resistance's resistance through comparatively simple calculation. In the embodiment, a simple comparator is used, so that an ADC sampling circuit in the prior art is omitted, and thus a large amount of system resources are not occupied.
A second embodiment of the present invention relates to an insulation resistance measurement circuit. The second embodiment is substantially the same as the first embodiment, and mainly differs therefrom in that: in this embodiment, a specific circuit diagram of the insulation resistance measurement circuit is provided, see fig. 4, so that the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention can be embodied more intuitively and vividly.
In this embodiment, the insulation resistance measurement circuit includes an MOS transistor as a control switch, and further includes: a voltage source V1, a first resistor R1 and a second resistor R2; the voltage source V1 is connected with the first resistor R1; the first resistor R1 is connected to the second resistor R2, and the second resistor R2 is connected to the capacitor CL. In FIG. 4, V _ Pack + represents the positive terminal of the battery, and the ellipses between V _ Pack + and V _ Pack-represent the inclusion of multiple battery packs in the battery; the semicircular bulge between the capacitor CL and the storage battery connecting line is a common conducting wire, and represents that the two conducting wires are mutually intersected.
Specifically, the control unit 11 may control the charge/discharge state of the capacitor CL by controlling the control switch. In a charging state, a voltage source V1 charges a capacitor CL through a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2 and an insulation resistor RX to be tested; in the discharging state, the capacitor CL discharges the capacitor CL through the second resistor R2. The control switch may be any one of a MOS transistor, a high-speed optocoupler, a solid-state relay, and a thyristor, and of course, may also be a power device of other types of high-speed switches, and any device that can control the control switch is within the protection scope of the embodiments, and is not limited specifically here.
Preferably, in this embodiment, the control unit 11 may send a digital pulse wave signal to the control switch to control the on/off of the control switch. In this embodiment, the accuracy of the measurement result of the insulation resistance measurement circuit can be increased by accurately controlling the on and off of the control switch by using the digital pulse wave signal.
Here, the work flow of measuring the resistance value of the insulation resistor will be specifically described as an example with reference to fig. 3 and 4.
Firstly, the MCU sends a high-level digital pulse wave signal to the MOS tube to control the MOS tube to be conducted.
Specifically, the MOS tube is conducted by pulling the G pole of the MOS tube high. After the MOS transistor is turned on, the capacitor CL is discharged through the second resistor R2, that is, the capacitor CL is in a discharge state.
And secondly, the MCU sends a low-level digital pulse wave signal to the MOS tube to acquire first time information required by the change of the output of the first comparator from low level to high level.
Specifically, when the MCU transmits a low-level digital pulse wave signal to the MOS transistor, the time is marked as t 0. In the process, the voltage source V1 charges the capacitor CL through the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2, and the voltage of the voltage value V2 at the other end of the capacitor rises. When the V2> Vref1 time, the output of the first comparator changes from low level to high level, the MCU marks the rising edge time t1, and the difference between t1 and t0 is the first time information required for the output of the first comparator to change from low level to high level.
And thirdly, the MCU sends a high-level pulse digital wave signal to the MOS tube to acquire second time information required by changing the output of the second comparator from low level to high level.
Specifically, when the MCU transmits a high-level digital pulse wave signal to the MOS transistor, the time at that time is marked, and in the present embodiment, it is necessary to transmit a high-level pulse digital wave signal to the MOS transistor while the output of the first comparator changes from low to high, and therefore the time at that time marked is t 1. In the process, the MOS transistor is turned on, the capacitor CL discharges through the second resistor R2, the voltage value V2 at the other end of the capacitor decreases, when V2 is less than Vref2, the output of the second comparator changes from low level to high level, the MCU marks the rising edge time t2, and the difference between t2 and t1 is second time information required for changing the output of the second comparator from low level to high level.
And fourthly, combining the charge-discharge characteristic function of the capacitor, and obtaining the resistance value of the insulation resistor according to the first time information and the second time information.
Specifically, according to the charge-discharge characteristic function of the capacitor, the following can be obtained:
t1＝(R1+R2+Rx)*Cl*Ln[v1/(V1-Vref1)]；t2＝R2*Cl*Ln(vref1/Vref2)；
wherein, a constant Ln [ V1/(V1-Vref1) ═ α, and a constant Ln (Vref1/Vref2) ═ β;
combining the two formulas for t1 and t2 can be solved: rx ═ [ (t1-t2) + R2 ═ Cl (R1+ R2) ]/α ═ Cl.
It should be noted that the capacitance value and the resistance value in this embodiment are determined according to different systems, and related staff may select devices of different types and different resistance values according to actual situations, which is not specifically limited in this embodiment.
It is understood that in this equation, since R1, R2, Cl, α, and β are known values, the resistance value of the insulation resistor can be obtained by substituting the first time information and the second time information into the finally obtained equation. That is to say, in practical application, the MCU only needs to record the first time information and the second time information, and subtract the first time information and the second time information to obtain the resistance of the insulation resistor.
Compared with the prior art, the embodiment provides a specific insulation resistance measuring circuit so as to embody the technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention more intuitively and vividly.
A third embodiment of the present invention relates to an insulation resistance measurement system, as shown in fig. 5. The method comprises the following steps: a battery 20, and an insulation resistance measurement circuit 21 according to any one of the first and second embodiments.
It should be understood that this embodiment is a system example corresponding to the first embodiment, and may be implemented in cooperation with the first embodiment. The related technical details mentioned in the first embodiment are still valid in this embodiment, and are not described herein again in order to reduce repetition. Accordingly, the related-art details mentioned in the present embodiment can also be applied to the first embodiment.
It should be noted that each module referred to in this embodiment is a logical module, and in practical applications, one logical unit may be one physical unit, may be a part of one physical unit, and may be implemented by a combination of multiple physical units. In addition, in order to highlight the innovative part of the present invention, elements that are not so closely related to solving the technical problems proposed by the present invention are not introduced in the present embodiment, but this does not indicate that other elements are not present in the present embodiment.
Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps in the method according to the above embodiments may be implemented by a program instructing related hardware to complete, where the program is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to enable a device (which may be a single chip, a chip, etc.) or a processor (processor) to execute all or part of the steps in the method according to the embodiments of the present application. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U-disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and other various media capable of storing program codes.
It will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the foregoing embodiments are specific examples for carrying out the invention, and that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention in practice.
Claims (8)
1. An insulation resistance measurement circuit, comprising: one end of the capacitor is connected with one end of an insulation resistor in the storage battery, and the other end of the insulation resistor is grounded;
the insulation resistance measurement circuit further includes: a control unit;
the control unit is used for controlling the charging and discharging state of the capacitor and acquiring a first voltage at the other end of the capacitor in the charging process of the capacitor and a second voltage at the other end of the capacitor in the discharging process of the capacitor;
the control unit is further configured to obtain a resistance value of the insulation resistor in the storage battery according to first time information required when the first voltage is greater than a first reference voltage and second time information required when the second voltage is less than a second reference voltage; wherein the insulation resistance measurement circuit further comprises: the first comparator and the second comparator are respectively connected to the other end of the capacitor;
the first comparator is used for comparing the first voltage with the first reference voltage and outputting a first level signal;
the control unit is specifically configured to obtain the first time information according to the first level signal;
the second comparator is used for comparing the second voltage with the second reference voltage and outputting a second level signal;
the control unit is specifically configured to acquire the second time information according to the second level signal.
2. The insulation resistance measurement circuit according to claim 1, wherein the first comparator and the second comparator are each of the type: a high speed comparator.
3. The insulation resistance measurement circuit according to claim 1, wherein the control unit is specifically configured to obtain the resistance value of the insulation resistance according to the first time information and the second time information in combination with a capacitance charge-discharge characteristic function.
4. The insulation resistance measurement circuit according to claim 1, further comprising: a voltage source, a first resistor and a second resistor; the voltage source is connected with the first resistor; the first resistor is connected with the second resistor, and the second resistor is connected with the capacitor;
the control unit is specifically configured to control the voltage source to charge the capacitor through the first resistor and the second resistor;
the control unit is specifically configured to control the capacitor to discharge for the capacitor through the second resistor.
5. The insulation resistance measurement circuit according to claim 1, wherein the control unit controls the charge and discharge state of the capacitor by controlling a control switch.
6. The insulation resistance measurement circuit according to claim 5, wherein the control switch specifically comprises any one of:
MOS pipe, high-speed opto-coupler, solid state relay, thyristor.
7. The insulation resistance measurement circuit according to claim 5, wherein the control unit controls the charge/discharge state of the capacitor by sending a digital pulse wave signal to the control switch.
8. An insulation resistance measurement system comprising: a battery and the insulation resistance measurement circuit of any one of claims 1 to 7.
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