CN109470737B - Device and method for testing service life of anti-freezing belt of solar water heater - Google Patents
Device and method for testing service life of anti-freezing belt of solar water heater Download PDFInfo
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- CN109470737B CN109470737B CN201811295942.1A CN201811295942A CN109470737B CN 109470737 B CN109470737 B CN 109470737B CN 201811295942 A CN201811295942 A CN 201811295942A CN 109470737 B CN109470737 B CN 109470737B
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- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/20—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity
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Abstract
The invention relates to a life test device for an anti-freezing belt of a solar water heater, and belongs to the technical field of solar water heaters. The temperature measuring device comprises a time relay, an electromagnetic relay, a counter, a data acquisition instrument, a temperature measuring resistor, a fixing device and a wiring terminal; one end of the wiring terminal is connected with the anti-freezing belt, the other end of the wiring terminal is connected with the time relay, the time relay is connected with the electromagnetic relay, the electromagnetic relay is connected with the counter, the anti-freezing belt is fixed on the fixing device, and the temperature measuring resistor is arranged on the heat dissipation surface of the anti-freezing belt; the data acquisition instrument is connected with the temperature measuring resistor. The anti-freezing belt has the characteristic of certain power, and is directly subjected to temperature rise and temperature reduction cycle test through power-on and power-off, so that the real use environment of the anti-freezing belt is simulated, and the service life of the anti-freezing belt can be tested more accurately.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of solar water heaters, and particularly relates to a device and a method for testing the service life of an anti-freezing belt of a solar water heater by simulating the use state of the anti-freezing belt.
Background
The anti-freezing belt has the performance of heating and warming, is wound on the periphery of the sewer pipeline of the solar water heater, and mainly plays a role in protecting the sewer pipeline of the solar water heater from being frozen and even from being frozen and cracked in winter, so that the power and the heat dissipation of the anti-freezing belt can be still ensured after the anti-freezing belt is repeatedly used in a hot and cold state.
China has no clear requirement on the service life of the anti-freezing belt of the solar water heater, and only the factory power is required to meet the corresponding requirement (GB/T19835 requires the anti-freezing belt to be subjected to a thermal stability test), however, if the anti-freezing belt fails in the using process, a pipeline is frozen, water cannot flow into a user home from solar energy if the anti-freezing belt is light, the pipeline is frozen and needs to be replaced again if the anti-freezing belt is heavy; the design service life of the solar water heater is generally 15 years, and if the anti-freezing belt with short service life is installed, the anti-freezing belt can abnormally fail within the normal service life of the water heater, so that unnecessary troubles are caused, therefore, before leaving a factory, the service life test of the anti-freezing belt is especially important, the service life of the anti-freezing belt is calculated according to 60 times per year, the service life of the anti-freezing belt is 900 times per 15 years, namely the anti-freezing belt has to be ensured to have more than 900 times, and the anti-freezing belt can not fail during the normal service life of the water heater.
At present, in order to test the thermal stability of the anti-freezing strip, it is common for those skilled in the art to test the anti-freezing strip according to the method specified in the national standard GB/T32348.1-2015, which is only a thermal stability test, in which firstly the required floor for the test requires the use of metal plates, secondly the time per cycle requires more than 15 minutes, and thirdly the metal plates are required to have a heating function to meet the test temperature. After long-term test and analysis, the invention discovers that: the anti-freezing belt is a heating element, the effect of the anti-freezing belt is lost if an external medium is used for heating, unnecessary damage to the anti-freezing belt can be caused by heating with the metal plate, the test error is increased, and the performance of the anti-freezing belt cannot be more clearly reflected. In the testing method provided by the national standard, the anti-freezing belt is required to be tested in the heat-insulating layer, and the anti-freezing belt has a self-temperature-limiting function, so that the highest temperature of the anti-freezing belt cannot be reached, the aging degree of a test sample is reduced, and the testing error of the sample is increased. In the national standard test method, the power is required to be not lower than 90% of the original power after the test is finished, however, the production and installation practice of the invention proves that after the test by the national standard method is adopted, besides the power loss of the anti-freezing belt, the severe problem that the power is suddenly increased after the anti-freezing belt is aged also exists, because the joints are generally on the roof, the power is increased after the anti-freezing belt is wet, the ignition is carried out during the starting, and for the solar energy installation, the heat insulation layer is not made of flame-retardant materials, so that the fire accident is often caused. Therefore, a device for testing the service life of the anti-freezing belt of the solar water heater needs to be researched, so as to solve the problems that the testing method in the national standard GB/T32348.1-2015 is inconvenient and the service life of the anti-freezing belt is not clearly required at present, and ensure that the service life of the anti-freezing belt is completely matched with the service life of the solar water heater before the anti-freezing belt leaves a factory.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a device and a method for testing the service life of an anti-freezing belt of a solar water heater.
The invention aims to provide a life test device for an anti-freezing belt of a solar water heater.
The invention also aims to provide a method for testing the service life of the anti-freezing belt of the solar water heater.
The invention also aims to provide application of the service life testing device for the anti-freezing belt of the solar water heater.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention specifically discloses the following technical scheme:
the invention discloses a life testing device for an anti-freezing belt of a solar water heater, which comprises a time relay, an electromagnetic relay, a counter, a data acquisition instrument, a temperature measuring resistor, a fixing device, a wiring terminal, a temperature controller and a temperature measuring probe.
Binding post's one end and temperature controller, the area that prevents frostbite connect gradually, the binding post other end and time relay connect, and time relay and electromagnetic relay connect, and electromagnetic relay and counter are connected, the area that prevents frostbite is fixed on fixing device, temperature measuring resistor sets up on the cooling surface in the area that prevents frostbite and is connected with the data acquisition instrument, the temperature controller sets up on the wire between binding post and the area that prevents frostbite, and the temperature controller is connected with temperature probe, temperature probe sets up and takes the surface at preventing frostbite.
The reason for arranging the temperature controller is that the reason for the test failure of the anti-freezing belt is that the power is reduced except that described in GB/T19835, and the power provided by the invention is increased, because the power of the solar anti-freezing belt is generally 25W, the standard starting current requirement is less than 0.6A/m, when the power of the anti-freezing belt is increased and fails, the power can reach more than 120W, the starting current can far exceed 1A, because the overall performance of the anti-freezing belt is designed according to 0.6A/m, if the increase of the power is not considered, the self temperature of the anti-freezing belt is easily overhigh in actual use, the temperature of a line is overhigh, and the fire accident is caused. When the temperature controller is arranged, as long as the temperature probe detects that the temperature on the surface of the anti-freezing belt exceeds the temperature set in the temperature controller, the temperature controller can be tripped off, so that the power supply between the wiring terminal and the anti-freezing belt is cut off, the whole testing system is powered off, and the safety of the testing system is protected.
Furthermore, can also be connected the temperature controller with the computer, the computer passes through the anti-freezing temperature that temperature probe detected and compares with the safe temperature upper limit that has set for in advance, in case discovery anti-freezing temperature of taking exceeds safe temperature upper limit, controls the temperature controller disconnection at once, protects whole test system's safety. Compared with the mechanical temperature control mode of simply using a temperature controller, the mode adopts computer control to ensure that the whole detection process is more automatic, accurate and reliable.
Further, the invention provides another testing device for the service life of the anti-freezing belt of the solar water heater, so as to be convenient for protecting the safety of a testing system when needed.
The time relay, the electromagnetic relay, the counter, the data acquisition instrument, the temperature measuring resistor, the fixing device and the wiring terminal are connected in the same way, the time relay is connected with a computer through the wiring terminal, and the computer is connected with the data acquisition instrument.
The reason for this is: (1) the computer can make full use of the temperature data that the data acquisition appearance was collected in real time to monitor the temperature in freezing prevention area, in case find freezing prevention area temperature exceeded the safe temperature upper limit, control the disconnection of time relay at once, make whole test system outage, protect test system's safety. (2) When the types of the tested anti-freezing belts are different, safe temperatures can be set for the anti-freezing belts of different types respectively, when the tested anti-freezing belts exceed the safe temperatures, the power supply of the anti-freezing belts of the types can be cut off to stop testing, and the testing of other anti-freezing belts is not influenced.
Preferably, the fixing device is fixed on the flame retardant plate, and since the testing device of the present invention performs automatic testing according to a set time, the antifreeze belt may fail due to an excessively high power of the antifreeze belt during the testing process, and even if the temperature rises to an excessively high temperature within a set heating time, the test device may catch fire, and therefore, the flame retardant plate needs to be laid under the tested antifreeze belt to prevent fire.
Preferably, the temperature measuring resistor is a PT100 platinum resistor, and the test performance of the resistor is more stable, so that the stability and accuracy of the test are ensured.
Preferably, the type of the counter is JDM 1-9; the model of the electromagnetic relay is AL 2F; the temperature controller is a temperature-adjustable temperature controller.
Furthermore, the row number of the wiring terminals can be selected according to the anti-freezing zone of the same batch of tests, and the disconnection can be controlled in a unified manner or can be controlled separately and singly.
In the invention, the time relay is used for controlling the opening and closing of the switch according to the set time so as to achieve the purpose of controlling the heating and cooling time. The temperature measuring resistor is used for monitoring the temperature of the anti-freezing belt in the testing process in real time, the data acquisition instrument is used for collecting the temperature monitored by the temperature measuring resistor so as to evaluate when the anti-freezing belt fails, and one of the functions of the wiring terminal is to supply current to the tested anti-freezing belt.
The electromagnetic relay has the function of converting large current into micro current and then introducing the micro current into the counter, so that the counter is prevented from being burnt out. In the actual test, the invention finds that the counter needs to be operated by inputting a switch signal, and if the current signal of the anti-freezing belt is directly connected into the counter, the counter is often damaged, so that the whole test process is interrupted, the test is invalid, and the test must be restarted. And the contact current load of electromagnetic relay is enough (10A), and the current signal of freezing prevention area inserts electromagnetic relay, and after electromagnetic relay actuation, electromagnetic relay's the contact actuation that does not have the load, passes this signal to the counter, just so can guarantee even freezing prevention area breaks down, also can be clear remain the number of times data of test, can fully evaluate the life of freezing prevention area.
Secondly, the invention discloses a method for testing the service life of an anti-freezing belt of a solar water heater, which comprises the following steps:
(1) setting the time of closing and opening a time relay according to the heating temperature reached by the anti-freezing belt to be detected, and fixing the anti-freezing belt on a fixing device for later use;
(2) closing the time relay, electrifying the anti-freezing belt, starting the temperature rise of the anti-freezing belt, closing the electromagnetic relay, and adding one to the counter; when the set closing time is reached, the time relay is switched off, and the temperature of the anti-freezing belt falls back; meanwhile, the electromagnetic relay is powered off, and the signal of the counter is disconnected. When the time relay reaches the off time, the time relay is switched to the on state, the anti-freezing belt starts to heat up, meanwhile, the electromagnetic relay is closed, and the counter is increased by one; the temperature measuring resistor monitors the temperature of the anti-freezing belt, and the data acquisition instrument acquires and records the data obtained by temperature measuring resistance;
(3) and (5) repeating the step (2) until the anti-freezing belt fails, and judging the service life of the anti-freezing belt according to the circulating times.
In the step (1), the closing time and the opening time of the time relay are respectively 5min and 3 min. When the closing time is set to be 5min, the heating temperature of the anti-freezing belt can be kept at 60 ℃, the anti-freezing belt is prevented from being failed due to overhigh heating temperature, the anti-freezing belt is not accurately detected, and the conditions that the anti-freezing belt can reach the highest temperature and fall back to the room temperature after sufficient testing and 5 minutes and 3 minutes are selected are met, so that the testing time in GB/T32348.1-2015 is reduced to 8 minutes from 15 minutes, and the state of the anti-freezing belt can be rapidly evaluated.
The heating power of the solar anti-freezing belt is 25W, and the solar anti-freezing belt can lose effectiveness at the high temperature of more than 75-80 ℃; the disconnection time is set to 3min, so that the temperature of the anti-freezing belt can be ensured to fall back to the room temperature; therefore, the time for closing and opening the time relay needs to be strictly set according to the above requirements.
In the step (3), the total number of times of repetition is not less than 900 times, preferably 900 times, because the design service life of the solar water heater is generally 15 years, the service life of the qualified anti-freezing zone after 900 cycles can be just matched with the service life of the solar water heater, so that the detection can be stopped in time when the detection is still qualified after reaching 900 cycles, and the additional consumption of energy and time is avoided.
It should be noted that: and powering off after the power-on time is reached, and repeating the power-off time once.
Finally, the invention discloses application of the life test device for the anti-freezing zone of the solar water heater in life test of electrical elements. For example, in life tests of electromagnetic relays, solid-state relays, ac contactors, and the like, durability tests of electromagnetic valves, life tests of bulbs, and the like.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the characteristic that the anti-freezing belt has certain power is utilized, the anti-freezing belt is directly subjected to temperature rise and temperature reduction cycle test through electrification and outage, so that the real use environment of the anti-freezing belt is simulated, the service life of the anti-freezing belt can be more accurately tested, the anti-freezing belt is electrified to start heating when the outside air temperature is reduced to be below zero, the electric energy is converted into heat energy through the power of the anti-freezing belt, the effect of preventing the water pipe of the solar water heater from being frozen is achieved, after the air temperature is increased to be above zero, the current introduced into the anti-freezing belt is disconnected, and the temperature of the anti-freezing belt falls back; therefore, the real service life of the anti-freezing belt can be tested only in a simulation environment as real as possible, and the quality of products leaving a factory is qualified.
(2) The device of the invention is automatic in test, does not need manual recording, reduces human errors, saves time and labor and has accurate measurement; meanwhile, the device is simple and practical, low in preparation cost, convenient to install and convenient to popularize and apply.
(3) The device can meet the requirement of testing the service life of an electric component besides the requirement of testing the anti-freezing zone, and is simple, convenient, scientific and automatic service life tooling equipment for testing the service life in a laboratory.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the application and, together with the description, serve to explain the application and are not intended to limit the application.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a life test device for an anti-freezing zone of a solar water heater in embodiment 1.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a life test device for an anti-freezing zone of a solar water heater in embodiment 2.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a life test device for an anti-freezing zone of a solar water heater in embodiment 3.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a life test device for an anti-freezing zone of a solar water heater in embodiment 4.
The reference numbers in the figures represent: 1-a time relay, 2-an electromagnetic relay, 3-a counter, 4-a data acquisition instrument, 5-a temperature measuring resistor, 6-a fixing device, 7-a wiring terminal, 8-a flame-retardant plate, 9-an anti-freezing belt, 10-a temperature controller, 11-a computer and 12-a temperature measuring probe.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
As described in the background art, if the anti-freezing band fails during use, the pipeline is frozen, if the anti-freezing band fails, water cannot flow from the solar energy to the home of a user, and if the anti-freezing band fails, the pipeline is frozen and needs to be replaced again, so that unnecessary troubles are caused. Therefore, the present invention provides a device and a method for testing the life of an anti-freezing belt of a solar water heater, and the present invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description.
Example 1
As shown in figure 1, the service life testing device for the anti-freezing zone of the solar water heater comprises a time relay 1, an electromagnetic relay 2, a counter 3, a data acquisition instrument 4, a temperature measuring resistor 5, a fixing device 6, a wiring terminal 7, a temperature controller 10 and a temperature measuring probe 12.
One end of the wiring terminal 7 is connected with the anti-freezing belt 9, the other end of the wiring terminal is connected with the time relay 1, the time relay 1 is connected with the electromagnetic relay 2, the electromagnetic relay 2 is connected with the counter 3, the anti-freezing belt 9 is fixed on the fixing device 6, and the temperature measuring resistor 5 is arranged on a heat dissipation surface of the anti-freezing belt 9; the data acquisition instrument 4 is connected with the temperature measuring resistor 5; the temperature controller 10 is arranged on a lead between the wiring terminal 7 and the anti-freezing belt 9, the temperature controller 10 is connected with the temperature measuring probe 12, and the temperature measuring probe 12 is arranged on the surface of the anti-freezing belt 9.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 2, the life test device for the anti-freezing zone of the solar water heater is the same as that in embodiment 1 except that: the testing device further comprises a computer, the computer is connected with the temperature controller, the temperature of the anti-freezing belt detected by the computer through the temperature measuring probe is compared with the preset upper limit of the safe temperature, and once the temperature of the anti-freezing belt is found to exceed the upper limit of the safe temperature, the temperature controller is immediately controlled to be disconnected, so that the safety of the whole testing system is protected.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 3, the life test device for the anti-freezing zone of the solar water heater comprises a time relay 1, an electromagnetic relay 2, a counter 3, a data acquisition instrument 4, a temperature measuring resistor 5, a fixing device 6, a wiring terminal 7 and a computer 11.
One end of the wiring terminal 7 is connected with the anti-freezing belt 9, the other end of the wiring terminal is connected with the time relay 1, the time relay 1 is connected with the electromagnetic relay 2, the electromagnetic relay 2 is connected with the counter 3, the anti-freezing belt 9 is fixed on the fixing device 6, and the temperature measuring resistor 5 is arranged on a heat dissipation surface of the anti-freezing belt 9; the data acquisition instrument 4 is connected with the temperature measuring resistor 5; the time relay 1 is connected with a computer 11 through a wiring terminal 7, and the computer 11 is connected with the data acquisition instrument 4.
Therefore, the computer can monitor the temperature of the anti-freezing belt by fully utilizing the temperature data collected by the data acquisition instrument in real time, and once the temperature of the anti-freezing belt is found to exceed the upper limit of the safe temperature, the time relay is controlled to be switched off immediately, so that the whole test system is powered off, and the safety of the test system is protected. Secondly, when the types of the tested anti-freezing belts are different, safe temperatures can be set for the anti-freezing belts of different types respectively, when the temperatures exceed the safe temperatures, the power supply of the anti-freezing belts of the types can be cut off to stop testing, and the testing of other anti-freezing belts is not affected.
Example 4
The utility model provides a solar water heater prevents frostbite and takes life-span testing arrangement, is with embodiment 1, and the difference lies in:
(1) the testing device also comprises a flame retardant plate 8, and the fixing device 6 is fixed on the flame retardant plate 8 (shown in figure 4).
(2) The temperature measuring resistor 5 is a PT100 platinum resistor, the testing performance of the platinum resistor is more stable, the stability and the accuracy of the test are guaranteed, and the type of the counter 3 is JDM 1-9; the model of the electromagnetic relay 2 is AL 2F; the number of rows of the connecting terminals 7 is 10, so that 5 groups of anti-freezing strip samples can be tested simultaneously.
Example 5
A method for testing the service life of an anti-freezing belt of a solar water heater by using the testing device in embodiment 3 comprises the following steps:
(1) setting the power-on time and the power-off time of the time relay 1 to be 5min and 3min, fixing the anti-freezing belt 9 on the fixing device 6 and connecting the anti-freezing belt with the wiring terminal 7 for later use;
(2) the time relay 1 is closed, the anti-freezing belt 9 is electrified, the anti-freezing belt 9 starts to heat up, meanwhile, the electromagnetic relay 2 is closed, and the counter 3 is increased by one; when the electrifying time reaches 5min, the time relay 1 is switched off, and the temperature of the anti-freezing belt 9 falls back; meanwhile, the electromagnetic relay 2 is powered off, the time relay 1 is switched to a closed state when the off time reaches 3min, the anti-freezing belt 9 starts to heat up, the electromagnetic relay 2 is closed, and the counter 3 is increased by one; the temperature measuring resistor 5 monitors the temperature of the anti-freezing belt 9, and the data acquired by monitoring the temperature measuring resistor 5 by the data acquisition instrument 4 is acquired and recorded;
(3) and (3) repeating the step (2)900 times until the anti-freezing belt 9 fails, stopping testing, and ensuring that the service life of the anti-freezing belt of the batch is qualified.
In the test, one-time simulation test can be completed by electrifying and heating for 5min and powering off for 3min, so that 180 times of tests can be completed within 1 day, and 900 times of life tests can be completed within 5 days.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (7)
1. A method for testing the service life of an anti-freezing belt of a solar water heater by using a testing device is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) setting the time of closing and opening a time relay according to the heating temperature reached by the anti-freezing belt to be detected, and fixing the anti-freezing belt on a fixing device for later use;
(2) closing the time relay, electrifying the anti-freezing belt, starting the temperature rise of the anti-freezing belt, closing the electromagnetic relay, and adding one to the counter; when the set closing time is reached, the time relay is switched off, and the temperature of the anti-freezing belt falls back; meanwhile, the electromagnetic relay is powered off, the time relay is switched to a closed state when reaching the off time, the anti-freezing belt starts to heat up, the electromagnetic relay is closed, and the counter is increased by one; the temperature measuring resistor monitors the temperature of the anti-freezing belt, and the data acquired by monitoring the temperature measuring resistor is acquired and recorded by the data acquisition instrument;
(3) repeating the step (2) until the anti-freezing belt fails, and judging the service life of the anti-freezing belt according to the circulation times;
in the step (1), the closing time and the opening time of the time relay are respectively 5min and 3 min;
in the step (3), the total number of times of repetition is not less than 900 times;
the testing device comprises a time relay, an electromagnetic relay, a counter, a data acquisition instrument, a temperature measuring resistor, a fixing device, a wiring terminal, a temperature controller and a temperature measuring probe;
one end of the wiring terminal is sequentially connected with the temperature controller and the anti-freezing belt, the other end of the wiring terminal is connected with the time relay, the time relay is connected with the electromagnetic relay, the electromagnetic relay is connected with the counter, the anti-freezing belt is fixed on the fixing device, the temperature measuring resistor is arranged on the heat dissipation surface of the anti-freezing belt and is connected with the data acquisition instrument, the temperature controller is arranged on a lead between the wiring terminal and the anti-freezing belt, the temperature controller is connected with the temperature measuring probe, and the temperature measuring probe is arranged on the surface of the anti-freezing belt;
the testing device further comprises a computer, the computer is connected with the temperature controller, the temperature of the anti-freezing belt detected by the computer through the temperature measuring probe is compared with the preset upper limit of the safe temperature, and the temperature controller is controlled to be disconnected after the temperature of the anti-freezing belt is found to exceed the upper limit of the safe temperature.
2. The method for testing the life of the anti-freezing belt of the solar water heater as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the fixing device is fixed on the flame-retardant plate.
3. The method for testing the life of the anti-freezing belt of the solar water heater as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the temperature measuring resistor is a PT100 platinum resistor.
4. The method for testing the life of the anti-freezing belt of the solar water heater as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the model of the counter is JDM 1-9.
5. The method for testing the life of the anti-freezing belt of the solar water heater as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the temperature controller is a temperature-adjustable temperature controller.
6. The method for testing the life of the anti-freezing belt of the solar water heater as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the model number of the electromagnetic relay is AL 2F.
7. The method for testing the life of the anti-freezing belt of the solar water heater as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the total number of repetitions was 900.
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| CN201811295942.1A CN109470737B (en) | 2018-11-01 | 2018-11-01 | Device and method for testing service life of anti-freezing belt of solar water heater |
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| CN110083148A (en) * | 2019-06-13 | 2019-08-02 | 北斗航天汽车（北京）有限公司 | A kind of temperature controller durability-testing machines |
| CN115202414B (en) * | 2022-08-02 | 2023-08-01 | 何金明 | Solar equipment is with system that prevents frostbite based on big data |
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