CN109467230A - 一种光催化协同磁分离污水处理装置和方法 - Google Patents
一种光催化协同磁分离污水处理装置和方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种光催化协同磁分离污水处理装置和方法，包括光催化反应、微絮凝、圆盘磁分离、磁介循环等步骤，在光催化反应器内部设置紫外灯组，污水从反应器进水管进入，磁性光催化剂在紫外光照射下与污水中污染物反应，经光催化反应后进入微絮凝池，使得废水中的杂质附着在磁性介质表面，在磁盘机磁力作用下经固定刮渣装置去除杂质，达到净水的目的。本发明使污水中的污染物通过光催化、絮凝、磁场等作用得到有效地去除；磁性光催化剂还能回收，有广阔的市场应用前景；磁性介质“红土”可以达到以废治废的目的，去渣采用固定刮渣机构，与传统排渣相比，固定刮渣机构具有成本低，磁盘选用永久的汝铁硼磁铁拥有极高的磁性能等优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及污水处理，具体涉及一种光催化协同磁分离污水处理装置和方法。
背景技术
随着工业和经济的发展，大量排放水不断进入环境，其中含有难以生物降解的有毒有害物质，给工农业生产、人民生活和人体健康带来很大的危害。如何有效地处置这些被污染的水成为环境领域的热点。目前通常采用吸附、紫外线氧化、臭氧氧化、化学降解、生物降解等技术进行处理。然而在常规水处理方法中，物化法存在工艺流程复杂、费用昂贵、吸附剂再生困难、降解不彻底、容易产生二次污染等不足；常规生物法难以实现对该类废水的彻底治理，而且通过筛选高效菌种降解的效果不稳定，生产周期长；臭氧和过氧化氢等氧化法对这些有害物质的去除效率不高，易生成毒性更大的中间产物。因此这些技术目前在排放水特别是含有难以生物降解的有毒有害物质工业废水的处理方面并未获得广泛的应用。
光催化氧化技术是一项刚兴起不久的高级氧化技术。大量的研究结果表明，光催化氧化技术可以有效地降解多种有机污染物，特别是许多难降解或用其他方法难以去除的物质，并转化为无机小分子物质，达到完全矿质化，对环境无任何危害；同时，具有能耗低、操作简便、反应条件温和、可以减少二次污染等优点；另外，光催化氧化技术具有停留时间短的优势，相比较生化处理方法可节省当量的固定投资。因此光催化氧化技术是处理有毒有害废水最有前途地方法之一，被称为“环境友好技术”。
磁分离是一种通过磁体提供的磁场吸力来实现物质分离的技术，属于物理分离法，是上世纪70 年代初在美国发展起来的，它能快速地分离混合物中的磁性杂质。磁分离利用废水中杂质颗粒的磁性进行分离，对于水中非磁性或弱磁性的颗粒，利用磁性接种技术可使它们具有磁性。借助外力磁场的作用，将废水中有磁性的悬浮固体分离出来，从而达到净化水的目的。与沉降、过滤等常规方法相比较，磁力分离法具有处理能力大、效率高、能量消耗少、设备简单紧凑等一系列优点，它不但已成功应用于高炉煤气洗涤水、炼钢烟尘净化废水，轧钢废水和烧结废水的净化，而且在其它工业废水、城市污水和地皮水的净化方面也很有发展前途。
发明内容
光催化协同磁分离是在污水处理净化等工艺中，可以利用磁场对水，其他溶剂以及溶解氧的作用直接降解有机物。磁效应可以促进氧气在水中溶解，并可能在水中产生活性氧。这些活性氧集团具有较强的氧化性能，可以氧化水中的有机物，从而降低水体中的有机物的含量。而且，转动的磁铁条产生的磁场能够起一定的搅拌作用，有机物颗粒能附着在磁絮凝剂上，从而使吸附在磁粉上的污染物质发生磁聚絮凝并加速沉降。有机物所处的媒介—水溶剂在外界磁场作用下，理性性质会发生一定变化，在液相化学反应过程中，通过溶剂的静电作用、笼效应等对化学反应过程产生影响，使有机物氧化降解的速率短时间迅速提高。经光催化处理的污水进入磁场中中，磁场能够大幅度提高光催化降解污水的反应速率，促进有机物的进一步降解。另外磁场的加入不但能够取得良好的处理效果，并且在处理过程中减少了新的杂质及某些有害物质的引入。
光催化剂是带有Fe3O4磁性核的介孔TiO2复合光催化剂，以其高比表面积、易于反应物接近的孔道结构以及优越的吸附性能，且在处理液相体系时远远优于其他TiO2光催化剂的回收率。二氧化钛的光催化原理为：当它在受到太阳光或荧光灯的紫外线的照射后，内部的电子就会发生激励。其结果，就产生了带负电的电子和带正电的空穴。电子使空气或水中的氧还原，生成双氧水，而空穴则向氧化表面水分子的方向起作用，产生氢氧（羟）基原子团。这些都是活性氧，有着强大的氧化分解能力，从而能够分解、清除附着在氧化钛表面的各种有机物。选用Fe3O4作为磁性核，是因为Fe3O4具有顺磁性又绿色环保，不会带来二次污染。复合光催化剂为三层结构：载体层，由Al2O3组成；中间层，即磁性层，由Fe3O4/ TiO2组成；保护层，也叫光催化层，由TiO2组成。
附图说明
图1是光催化磁分离流程图
图2 是光催化示意图
图3 是磁分离示意图
标号说明：
电线1，紫外灯2，锥形状顶盖3，电机4，磁盘机5，汝铁硼磁铁6，刮渣板7。
具体实施方式
下面对照附图和具体实施例对本发明做进一步的说明。
如图1 所示，本工艺包括磁性光催化，磁絮凝，磁分离，磁性催化剂循环，污泥压滤脱水。
如图2所示，在光催化反应器中，混有磁性光催化剂污水进入反应器中，经锥形状顶盖3，污水呈伞状态喷开，在紫外灯2的照射下进行光催化作用，有机物被氧化分解。
如图1、2所示，污泥经光催化作用后进入磁絮凝池，依次投加磁种、混凝剂( PAC)和助凝剂( PAM) ，在机械搅拌作用下，在3min 内，通过微絮凝过程，形成带磁性的微絮体；借助水力条件，含磁性微絮体的污水自流经过强磁分离机，磁性微絮体被强磁分离机的磁盘5吸附，通过磁盘5的旋转，磁性微絮体被分离带出水面，被固定刮渣板7刮下来，实现固液分离，出强磁分离机被净化的水作为出水。含有一定水分的、被强磁分离机分离出来的磁性微絮体作为磁性污泥，进入到磁种回收投加系统，磁性催化剂被回收利用，分离出磁性催化剂后的污泥，进入到污泥脱水环节。
Claims (3)
1.一种光催化协同磁分离污水处理装置和方法，其特征在于包括：光催化反应、微絮凝、圆盘磁分离、磁介循环等步骤。
详细步骤如下：
步骤一，在光催化反应器中，混有磁性光催化剂污水从进水管进入反应器中，经锥形状顶盖，污水呈伞状态喷开，在紫外灯的照射下进行光催化作用，有机物被氧化分解。
步骤二，污泥经光催化作用后进入磁絮凝池，依次投加磁种、混凝剂( PAC)和助凝剂(PAM) ，在机械搅拌作用下，在3min 内，通过微絮凝过程，形成带磁性的微絮体；借助水力条件，含磁性微絮体的污水自流经过强磁分离机，磁性微絮体被强磁分离机的磁盘吸附，通过磁盘的旋转，磁性微絮体被分离带出水面，被固定刮渣板刮下来，实现固液分离，出强磁分离机被净化的水作为出水。
步骤三，含有一定水分的、被强磁分离机分离出来的磁性微絮体作为磁性污泥，进入到磁种回收投加系统，磁性催化剂被回收利用，分离出磁性催化剂后的污泥，进入到污泥脱水环节。
污水经光催化反应后去除较多的有机物，经光催化处理后的污水进入微絮凝池，并投加“红土”磁介质、PAC、PAM，在磁盘机磁力作用下经固定刮渣装置去除杂质，磁性催化剂经磁介循环回收利用，红土及泥渣压成泥饼运走。
2.如权利要求1所述一种光催化协同磁分离污水处理工艺，其特征在于光催化反应器的底部为坡形，在反应器内部设置紫外灯组，紫外灯组固定在反应器内；在反应器的上部设置有进水管和出水管，在反应器的底部设置排渣管。
3.如权利要求1所述一种光催化协同磁分离污水处理工艺，其特征在于，光催化剂是带有Fe3O4磁性核的介孔TiO2复合光催化剂。
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| CN113248071A (zh) * | 2021-04-29 | 2021-08-13 | 合肥英瑞通自动化科技有限公司 | 一种多介质水处理自动化控制系统 |
| CN113264630A (zh) * | 2021-05-18 | 2021-08-17 | 长江大学 | 一种压裂返排液净化处理系统 |
| CN114873819A (zh) * | 2022-05-27 | 2022-08-09 | 安徽理工大学环境友好材料与职业健康研究院(芜湖) | 一种多污染物污水磁处理系统 |
| CN115043545A (zh) * | 2022-07-15 | 2022-09-13 | 南开大学 | 一种磁絮凝耦合光催化净水的方法和磁絮凝耦合光催化净水装置 |
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| CN108607543A (zh) * | 2018-04-10 | 2018-10-02 | 南京工业大学 | 一种用于消除过氧化氢的磁性分离式催化装置及其应用 |
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| CN113248071A (zh) * | 2021-04-29 | 2021-08-13 | 合肥英瑞通自动化科技有限公司 | 一种多介质水处理自动化控制系统 |
| CN113264630A (zh) * | 2021-05-18 | 2021-08-17 | 长江大学 | 一种压裂返排液净化处理系统 |
| CN113264630B (zh) * | 2021-05-18 | 2022-06-24 | 长江大学 | 一种压裂返排液净化处理系统 |
| CN114873819A (zh) * | 2022-05-27 | 2022-08-09 | 安徽理工大学环境友好材料与职业健康研究院(芜湖) | 一种多污染物污水磁处理系统 |
| CN115043545A (zh) * | 2022-07-15 | 2022-09-13 | 南开大学 | 一种磁絮凝耦合光催化净水的方法和磁絮凝耦合光催化净水装置 |
| CN117228783A (zh) * | 2023-09-07 | 2023-12-15 | 河海大学 | 磁性生态絮凝材料及其微污染水处理装置、微污染水处理方法 |
| CN117228783B (zh) * | 2023-09-07 | 2024-05-17 | 河海大学 | 磁性生态絮凝材料及其微污染水处理装置、微污染水处理方法 |
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