CN109467131B - Method for extracting metals from electroplating sludge in form of synthetic ferrite crystals - Google Patents
Method for extracting metals from electroplating sludge in form of synthetic ferrite crystals Download PDFInfo
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- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium carbonate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229940044631 ferric chloride hexahydrate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- NQXWGWZJXJUMQB-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Cl-].Cl[Fe+]Cl NQXWGWZJXJUMQB-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010335 hydrothermal treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006148 magnetic separator Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 abstract description 19
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 20
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 15
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 8
- NQNBVCBUOCNRFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel ferrite Chemical compound [Ni]=O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O NQNBVCBUOCNRFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 6
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007885 magnetic separation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEQPNABPJHWNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel(2+) Chemical compound [Ni+2] VEQPNABPJHWNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZFXVRMSLJDYJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Ca] ZFXVRMSLJDYJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JEZHBSJTXKKFMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nickel Chemical compound [Ca].[Ni] JEZHBSJTXKKFMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PASHVRUKOFIRIK-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PASHVRUKOFIRIK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ZOMBKNNSYQHRCA-UHFFFAOYSA-J calcium sulfate hemihydrate Chemical compound O.[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O ZOMBKNNSYQHRCA-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 239000013043 chemical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009388 chemical precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001844 chromium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940032296 ferric chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007131 hydrochloric acid regeneration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009854 hydrometallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- -1 hydroxide ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003760 magnetic stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001453 nickel ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010979 pH adjustment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009853 pyrometallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000026267 regulation of growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005987 sulfurization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G49/00—Compounds of iron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/10—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by pyrolysis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
- C22B23/04—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by wet processes
- C22B23/0453—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
- C22B23/0461—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by chemical methods
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
- C01P2002/72—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by d-values or two theta-values, e.g. as X-ray diagram
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/80—Compositional purity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/16—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from metallurgical processes, i.e. from the production, refining or treatment of metals, e.g. galvanic wastes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of electroplating sludge treatment, and discloses a method for extracting metals from electroplating sludge in a form of synthesized ferrite crystals. Adding sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and ferric chloride hexahydrate aqueous solution into the electroplating sludge, and uniformly mixing and dispersing to obtain mixed solution; and (3) carrying out heat treatment on the obtained mixed solution at 50-180 ℃, naturally cooling to room temperature after the heat treatment is finished, standing, pouring out supernatant, centrifuging, washing and drying the obtained solid slag, adding hydrochloric acid for acid washing, separating the solid slag from acid washing liquid, washing with deionized water, and drying to obtain ferrite crystals. The invention solves the problems of high cost, complex operation, secondary pollution generation, unclear subsequent application and the like of the current method for recovering heavy metals in sludge, and realizes the extraction of the metal-containing sludge in a material way.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electroplating sludge treatment, and particularly relates to a method for extracting metals from electroplating sludge in a form of synthesized ferrite crystals.
Background
The electroplating sludge is typical metal-containing sludge, is dangerous solid waste generated in the production process of processing industries such as electroplating, electronic devices, circuit board surface treatment and the like, and comprises sludge generated by anode dissolution in an electrolytic cell, sludge obtained by filtration and sludge generated when wastewater is treated by using a chemical-precipitation method. The water content of the electroplating sludge is high, the particles are fine, and the size is only nano or micron. The electroplating sludge has complex components, contains a large amount of toxic heavy metals such as nickel, chromium, manganese, zinc, cadmium and the like, and the metals exist in amorphous state or hydroxide, carbonate, oxide and other states. If the electroplating sludge is stored for a long time without being treated, serious harm can be brought to the ecological environment, even more serious secondary pollution is brought to the surrounding environment, and the health of people is endangered.
At present, the treatment methods of the electroplating sludge mainly comprise a solidification method, a thermochemical treatment method, a smelting recovery method (pyrometallurgy) and a leaching recovery method (hydrometallurgy). The leaching recovery method comprises two steps of leaching metal and recovering metal in leachate, wherein the most common methods are an acid leaching method and an ammonia leaching method, and a developing biological leaching method is also provided; the latter includes extraction, precipitation, reduction, electrodeposition. The research on the leaching behavior of metals such as Cu, Ni, Cr, Zn and the like in electroplating sludge by using sulfuric acid and ammonia medium by Silva J E et al discovers that: although sulfuric acid leaching is more efficient than ammonia leaching, sulfuric acid leaching is selective and leaches other metals (e.g., Fe, Al, Ca, etc.) in addition to the target metal. In order to reduce pollution and realize resource utilization, the selective extraction of valuable metals in the electroplating sludge is very necessary. CN102399991A adopts a novel composite extraction system consisting of a novel green solvent, namely 'ionic liquid' and a heavy metal organic complexing agent to extract heavy metal nickel in electroplating sludge, and although no new waste is generated, the ionic liquid is expensive, the process cost is high, and the operation is complex. The technical scheme adopted by CN105907972A comprises an oxidation slurrying process, a P204 saponification leaching process, a nickel anolyte total stripping process, an iron stripping and hydrochloric acid regeneration process, a copper extraction electrodeposition process, a chromium precipitation process, a P204 nickel soap process, a P204 zinc extraction electrodeposition process, a nickel electrodeposition process, a calcium-nickel separation process, a magnesium-calcium separation process and an industrial circulating water treatment process. Although valuable metals in the electroplating sludge enter the organic phase through saponification leaching for extraction, the method is complex in process and long in working procedure, and is not a good method for extracting heavy metals in the electroplating sludge. CN101643243 adopts the processes of acid leaching, sulfuration separation and enrichment, hot-pressing leaching, extraction and purification, hot-pressing chromium oxidation, extraction of chromium salt, extraction of ferric chloride and the like to recover copper, nickel, zinc, chromium and iron from the electroplating sludge respectively, the step-by-step extraction steps are various, and the difficulty of heavy metal mixing and separation is large; CN103290222A utilizes the steps of acid leaching, filtering, impurity removal, pH adjustment for multiple times, evaporation crystallization and the like to recover copper and nickel from electroplating sludge, and a large amount of chemical agents are used in the process to generate fluoride precipitate to form new waste, so the method is not advisable. As can be seen from the above examples, the current method for recovering metals in electroplating sludge still has the problems of high cost, complex operation, incapability of separating other heavy metals due to simultaneous mixing, secondary pollution generation and the like, and still has a great space for improvement.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the disadvantages and shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a method for extracting metals from electroplating sludge in the form of synthesized ferrite crystals.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for extracting metals from electroplating sludge in the form of synthetic ferrite crystals, comprising the steps of:
(1) adding sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and ferric chloride hexahydrate aqueous solution into the electroplating sludge, and uniformly mixing and dispersing to obtain mixed solution;
(2) carrying out heat treatment on the mixed liquid in the step (1) at 50-180 ℃, naturally cooling to room temperature after the heat treatment is finished, standing, pouring out supernatant liquid, centrifuging, washing and drying the obtained solid slag;
(3) and (3) adding hydrochloric acid into the solid slag treated in the step (2) for acid washing, separating the solid slag from an acid washing solution, washing with deionized water, and drying to obtain a ferrite crystal.
Preferably, in the mixed solution in the step (1), the concentration of sodium carbonate is 0.5-3 mol/L; the concentration of the sodium hydroxide is 0.5-6 mol/L; the concentration of ferric chloride hexahydrate is 0.1-0.3 mol/L.
Preferably, the solid-liquid mass ratio of the mixed liquid obtained in the step (1) is 1 (0.5-10).
Preferably, the heat treatment in the step (2) refers to a direct heat treatment or a hydrothermal treatment.
Preferably, the heat treatment time in the step (2) is 0.5-24 h.
Preferably, the standing time in the step (2) is 0.5-48 h.
Preferably, the concentration of the hydrochloric acid in the step (3) is 0.1-2 mol/L.
Preferably, the solid-liquid mass ratio of the solid slag and the hydrochloric acid in the step (3) is 1 (0.5-5).
Preferably, the acid washing process in the step (3) is stirring for 0.5-3 hours and ultrasonic processing for 0.5-1 hour.
Preferably, the ferrite crystals obtained in step (3) are further ground and then directly subjected to magnetic separation by using a magnetic separator or a magnet. Obtaining ferrite crystals with higher purity.
The method of the invention is not limited to electroplating sludge and is applicable to the treatment of other metal-containing sludge.
The principle of the invention is as follows: the raw slag of the electroplating sludge has the water content of more than 50 percent, fine particles and complex components, contains a large amount of metals such as calcium, iron, nickel, copper, chromium, magnesium, aluminum, zinc and the like, and the metals mostly exist in an amorphous state or exist in states of calcium sulfate dihydrate, calcium sulfate hemihydrate, metal oxides and the like. In the step (1), the regulation and control agents (sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and ferric chloride hexahydrate) are dissolved quickly by uniformly mixing and dispersing, and sludge particles are fully contacted with the agents; during the heat treatment in the step (2), the sodium carbonate is hydrolyzed in two steps, carbonate ions in the sodium carbonate are combined with heavy metals (such as calcium ions) to generate carbonate which is easy to dissolve in acid (and then is removed by acid cleaning), hydroxide ions in the sodium carbonate and sodium hydroxide promote the combination of the heavy metal ions in the electroplating sludge and iron elements in ferric chloride hexahydrate to achieve the effects of phase change and crystal growth regulation, so that insoluble metals in the sludge are separated from a solid phase and transferred into a liquid phase, and form ferrite crystals MFe with regular appearance with the added iron elements2O4(M ═ Ni, Zn, Mn, Co, Mg, etc.). In the subsequent standing process, small crystals of the new phase formed in the raw slag gradually grow into large crystals due to the change of the solubility along with the temperature and the crystal growth rule, and are subsequently washed and dried to obtain ferrite and ferrite-containing crystalsMixed slag of a small amount of impurities; the impurities such as calcium carbonate and the like formed in the acid washing process in the step (3) are washed away, and the acid washing is more thorough by magnetic stirring and ultrasonic, so that the purer ferrite can be obtained. The ferrite with the spinel structure has good chemical stability, thermal stability, magnetic property and electrical property, and can be widely applied to microwave devices, sensors, catalysis, magnetism and other aspects.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
(1) the invention solves the problems of high cost, complex operation, secondary pollution generation, unclear subsequent application and the like of the current method for recovering heavy metals in sludge, and realizes the extraction of the metal-containing sludge in a material way.
(2) According to the method, through a simple two-step process of 'hydrothermal and acid washing', metals in the sludge are directly separated in the form of high-value material ferrite crystals, the extraction rate of target metals is very high, for example, the extraction rate of nickel ions reaches more than 94%, and the purity of the obtained ferrite crystals is high and reaches about 90%; and the obtained ferrite product with the spinel structure has good chemical stability, thermal stability, magnetic property and electrical property, and can be applied to microwave devices, sensors, catalysis, magnetism and the like.
(3) The treatment method has the advantages of simple process, low cost, no secondary pollution, definite subsequent application, realization of resource extraction and direct utilization of the sludge, and higher social benefit and economic benefit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an external view of a raw sludge of an electroplating sludge before treatment and a treated product in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an XRD pattern of the raw sludge before treatment and the treated product in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1
(1) 4g of electroplating sludge is taken, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and ferric chloride hexahydrate aqueous solution are added to ensure that the solid-to-liquid ratio (w/w) is 1:10, the concentration of sodium carbonate in the obtained mixed solution is 3mol/L, the concentration of sodium hydroxide is 6mol/L, and the concentration of ferric chloride hexahydrate is 0.3mol/L, and the mixture is fully stirred and uniformly mixed.
(2) Transferring the mixed solution obtained in the step (1) into a hydrothermal kettle, closing the hydrothermal kettle, setting the temperature to 180 ℃, keeping the temperature for 24 hours, stopping heating, naturally and slowly cooling to room temperature, and standing for 24 hours; and after standing, pouring out supernatant containing low-concentration heavy metal from the upper layer, centrifugally washing and dehydrating the solid residue after the hydrothermal treatment, and drying the filter residue to obtain a tan or black solid.
(3) Taking 2g of the solid sample obtained in the step (2), adding hydrochloric acid to ensure that the solid-to-liquid ratio (w/w) is 1:5 and the concentration of the hydrochloric acid is 2mol/L, magnetically stirring for 60min, and stopping after ultrasonic treatment for 30 min; separating the solid slag from the pickling solution, washing the obtained nickel ferrite crystal filter residue with deionized water and drying; and carrying out magnetic separation recovery treatment or direct utilization on the nickel ferrite crystal filter residue.
The appearance of the raw sludge before treatment and the product after treatment in this example is shown in FIG. 1, and it can be seen from FIG. 1 that the product after treatment is in the form of black powder. The XRD patterns of the raw electroplating sludge before treatment and the product obtained after treatment in this example are shown in FIG. 2, and the XRD pattern of the product in FIG. 2 shows that the component of the product is nickel ferrite.
The extraction rate of nickel in the electroplating sludge of the embodiment reaches 93.76 percent, and the purity of the obtained nickel ferrite crystal is about 88 percent.
Example 2
Putting 4kg of electroplating sludge into a hydrothermal kettle, adding sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and ferric chloride hexahydrate aqueous solution to ensure that the solid-to-liquid ratio (w/w) is 1:0.5, ensuring that the concentration of sodium carbonate in the obtained mixed solution is 0.5mol/L, the concentration of sodium hydroxide is 0.5mol/L and the concentration of ferric chloride hexahydrate is 0.1mol/L, fully stirring, closing the hydrothermal kettle, setting the temperature to be 50 ℃, preserving heat for 0.5h, stopping heating, and standing for 0.5 h. The other processes were the same as in example 1.
The extraction rate of nickel in the electroplating sludge of the embodiment reaches 79.30%, and the purity of the obtained nickel ferrite crystal is about 67%.
Example 3
Putting 10kg of electroplating sludge into a hydrothermal kettle, adding sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and ferric chloride hexahydrate aqueous solution to ensure that the solid-to-liquid ratio (w/w) is 1:5, ensuring that the concentration of sodium carbonate in the obtained mixed solution is 2mol/L, the concentration of sodium hydroxide is 3mol/L and the concentration of ferric chloride hexahydrate is 0.2mol/L, fully stirring, closing the hydrothermal kettle, setting the temperature to be 120 ℃, preserving heat for 12h, stopping heating and standing for 24 h. The other processes were the same as in example 1.
The extraction rate of nickel in the electroplating sludge of the embodiment reaches 85.27%, and the purity of the obtained nickel ferrite crystal is about 78%.
Example 4
Putting 1 ton of electroplating sludge into a hydrothermal kettle, adding sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and ferric chloride hexahydrate aqueous solution to ensure that the solid-to-liquid ratio (w/w) is 1:5, ensuring that the concentration of sodium carbonate in the obtained mixed solution is 2.5mol/L, the concentration of sodium hydroxide is 3mol/L and the concentration of ferric chloride hexahydrate is 0.2mol/L, fully stirring, closing the hydrothermal kettle, setting the temperature to be 120 ℃, preserving heat for 24 hours, stopping heating, and standing for 12 hours. The other processes were the same as in example 1.
The extraction rate of nickel in the electroplating sludge of the embodiment reaches 87.97%, and the purity of the obtained nickel ferrite crystal is about 75%.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for extracting metals from electroplating sludge in the form of synthetic ferrite crystals is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) adding sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and ferric chloride hexahydrate aqueous solution into the electroplating sludge, and uniformly mixing and dispersing to obtain mixed solution;
(2) carrying out heat treatment on the mixed liquid in the step (1) at 50-180 ℃, naturally cooling to room temperature after the heat treatment is finished, standing, pouring out supernatant liquid, centrifuging, washing and drying the obtained solid slag;
(3) adding hydrochloric acid into the solid slag treated in the step (2) for acid washing, separating the solid slag from acid washing liquid, washing with deionized water, and drying to obtain ferrite crystals;
in the mixed solution in the step (1), the concentration of sodium carbonate is 0.5-3 mol/L; the concentration of the sodium hydroxide is 0.5-6 mol/L; the concentration of ferric chloride hexahydrate is 0.1-0.3 mol/L;
the solid-liquid mass ratio of the mixed liquid obtained in the step (1) is 1 (0.5-10).
2. The method of claim 1 for extracting metals from electroplating sludge in the form of crystals of synthetic ferrite, wherein: the heat treatment in the step (2) refers to direct heat treatment or hydrothermal treatment.
3. The method of claim 1 for extracting metals from electroplating sludge in the form of crystals of synthetic ferrite, wherein: the heat treatment time in the step (2) is 0.5-24 h.
4. The method of claim 1 for extracting metals from electroplating sludge in the form of crystals of synthetic ferrite, wherein: and (3) standing for 0.5-48 h in the step (2).
5. The method of claim 1 for extracting metals from electroplating sludge in the form of crystals of synthetic ferrite, wherein: the concentration of the hydrochloric acid in the step (3) is 0.1-2 mol/L.
6. The method of claim 1 for extracting metals from electroplating sludge in the form of crystals of synthetic ferrite, wherein: the solid-liquid mass ratio of the solid slag and the hydrochloric acid in the step (3) is 1 (0.5-5).
7. The method of claim 1 for extracting metals from electroplating sludge in the form of crystals of synthetic ferrite, wherein: in the step (3), the acid washing process comprises stirring for 0.5-3 hours and ultrasonic treatment for 0.5-1 hour.
8. The method of claim 1 for extracting metals from electroplating sludge in the form of crystals of synthetic ferrite, wherein: and (4) further grinding the ferrite crystals obtained in the step (3), and directly carrying out absorption separation by using a magnetic separator or a magnet.
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