CN109465737B

CN109465737B - Polishing machine

Info

Publication number: CN109465737B
Application number: CN201811630557.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈海锋; 曹枫; 褚伍波
Original assignee: Huzhou University
Current assignee: Huzhou University
Priority date: 2018-12-21
Filing date: 2018-12-21
Publication date: 2023-10-03
Anticipated expiration: 2038-12-21
Also published as: CN109465737A

Abstract

The invention relates to a polishing machine which comprises a roller, a rotating shaft, a driving motor, a controller, a rack and a magnetic force control system, wherein the rotating shaft is positioned below the roller, the driving motor is connected with the rotating shaft, the controller is connected with the driving motor, the controller is arranged on the rack, the magnetic force control system consists of an electromagnet, a movable guide rail, the controller and a permanent magnet, and the magnetic force control system controls the intensity and the direction of a magnetic field. The invention realizes the asymmetric regulation and control of the motion track of the magnetic abrasive in the polishing process by the magnetic control system and the magnetic abrasive, thereby obtaining the capability of asymmetric polishing processing. The invention solves the problems that the prior processing object needs manual control in asymmetric grinding and consumes very labor.

Description

Polishing machine

Technical Field

The invention relates to grinding equipment capable of performing asymmetric processing, in particular to a polishing machine.

Background

Firstly, the surface polishing and grinding product relates to various industries of national economy, the surface polishing workpiece is widely applied in industry, and the product almost relates to various industries, such as: automobiles, communications, electronics, instruments, aerospace, motorcycles, battery cars, consumer hardware, artwork, casting, forging, ornaments, medical devices, musical devices, weaponry, etc., and in practical applications, these workpieces must be surface treated to improve their surface conditions, so polishing and grinding (such as deburring and oil stains) are inevitably required in the later stages of production. The surface finish grinding may be either a finish treatment of the surface finish or a pretreatment prior to the plating or brightening treatment. Therefore, the research and development of the polishing and grinding technology process certainly has wide market application prospect and social benefit. Various polishing and grinding devices exist in the market at present, the polishing machine belongs to a high-end additional value application device for electronic materials, and the device for processing inorganic materials and metal materials generally belongs to a ball mill.

Second, the highest level of polishing technology represents a milestone for industrial development, which is the industrial autonomous basis, from the industrial kingdom to the industrial kingdom. Ultra-precise polishing is a soul in the modern electronics industry. Physical polishing is the most commonly used polishing technique before the 80 s of the last century, but the high-speed development of the electronics industry places increasingly stringent demands on the size and flatness of material devices. When a millimeter thick substrate is required to be fabricated into hundreds of thousands of layers of integrated circuits, conventional, old polishing processes have far from being satisfactory. "polishing is the last ring of the overall process, taking wafer fabrication as an example, with the aim of improving the minute defects left by the process prior to wafer processing to obtain optimal parallelism. Today, in the industry of optoelectronic information, the parallelism of sapphire, monocrystalline silicon and other materials as optoelectronic substrate materials is required to be more and more precise, and the parallelism has reached the nanometer level. This means that the polishing process has also entered a nanometer level of ultra-precision. The ultra-precise polishing process has multiple importance in the modern manufacturing industry, and the application field can directly explain the problems: integrated circuit fabrication, medical devices, automotive parts, digital parts, precision molds, aerospace. The goal of ultra-precise polishing technology in the modern electronics industry is to planarize not only the different materials, but also the multiple layers of materials, such that a few millimeters square of silicon wafer is formed into very large scale integrated circuits consisting of tens of thousands to millions of transistors by such 'global planarization'. For example, the computer invented by human is changed from tens of tons to hundreds of grams at present, and no ultra-precise polishing is feasible, and the computer is a technical soul. "core technology is hidden by snow, and domestic demand is limited by people. When the polishing machine is in a high-speed operation state, if thermal expansion effect causes thermal deformation of the grinding disc, the flatness and parallelism of the substrate cannot be ensured. And such thermal deformation errors that cannot be allowed to occur are not a few millimeters or a few micrometers, but a few nanometers. Currently, the international top polishing process of the united states japan and the like can meet the precision polishing requirement (belonging to oversized) of 60-inch substrate raw materials, and the technology controls the core technology of the ultra-precision polishing process according to the precision polishing requirement, so that the initiative of the global market is firmly mastered. In fact, holding this technology has greatly controlled the development of the electronics manufacturing industry. The grinding disc of the polishing machine produced in Japan is customized, mass production is not carried out, and imitation in other countries is directly limited: the U.S. polishing equipment was sold to china at a price typically above 1000 ten thousand yuan, and sales orders have been placed to the end of 2019, where no order was accepted.

The surface polishing and grinding processes adopted at home and abroad are mainly three types: mechanical polishing grinding, electrochemical polishing grinding and chemical polishing grinding. Mechanical polishing and grinding can remove greasy dirt, oxide skin, burrs and the like on the surface, but cannot be used for polishing and grinding parts with complex curved surfaces. The electrochemical polishing and grinding process is one metal surface treating method with electrolyte and DC power source, and has one passivation film layer formed on the surface of the polished metal after the electrolytic bath is electrified for metal ion to diffuse, so that the microscopic bumps and coarse spots on the surface have great current density and fast dissolving speed. Chemical polishing grinding can be considered as slow, selective dissolution of microscopic raised portions of the surface tissue of a workpiece by mechanical abrasion and repeated chemical processes. Among them, chemical polishing is popular from the application because of the characteristics of simple equipment, economy and easy implementation, suitability for polishing parts with complex shapes, and the like.

A typical chemical polishing system mainly comprises three parts, namely polishing machinery, polishing abrasive and polishing (grinding) liquid: the polishing machine is a machine for barreling and polishing, and refers to a general term of polishing machines for polishing parts by polishing abrasive materials and polishing liquid, namely a polishing machine or a polishing machine; the polishing abrasive is various small-particle-shaped materials for surface polishing and grinding processing, and comprises various materials, namely abrasive materials, such as brown corundum, alumina, ceramic, white corundum, chrome corundum, high-alumina porcelain, silicon carbide, plastic grinding and the like; the polishing solution is prepared by synthesis and compounding of a surfactant, and has the functions of cleaning, deburring and finishing the surface of a workpiece.

Currently, the manufacturers of foreign finishing machines are Germany ROSLER company, korean grinding company and the like, and the products of the Germany ROSLER company, korean grinding company and the like have higher automation degree and high equipment cost. Such as: (1) the polishing machine produced by the Germany ROSLER company is integrated with the functions of collecting magnetic vibration feeding (workpieces stably and uniformly enter the polishing machine), bidirectionally exciting the polishing machine, automatically discharging, automatically adding water and liquid, cleaning, rust prevention, water cutting, drying, dust removal and automatic sorting, and is a high-efficiency full-automatic polishing production line, and the technology is at an international leading level; the production capacity is high, the application range is wide, all production links are controlled by a PLC, the product quality is stable, the appearance of the machined part is consistent, and the machining precision is high. The central water treatment can circularly treat the waste water and the waste liquid. Belongs to high-end equipment in the field of vibration finishing and has high price. After-market services are territorially limited and are expensive and burdened by the customer. The average customer is not affordable. The cost problem is a bottleneck for most of the domestic enterprises in need thereof. (2) The polishing machine of Korean grinding company has relatively high automation degree, is a semi-automatic production line, has small production capacity and needs a certain manual operation. Vibration polishing, cleaning and rust prevention, drying and sorting are automatically completed. But has no functions of automatic feeding, spray cleaning, medium heating, secondary sorting, dust removal and the like, the polishing machine adopts unidirectional excitation, the product quality is stable, and the processing precision is high. But the price is high, more than 200 ten thousand yuan/set is needed, and no manufacturer adopts the company product at present. At present, the existing domestic bearing grinding and finishing process adopts equipment such as vibration finishing, cleaning, rust prevention, drying, sorting and the like which basically operate in a single machine or in a combination mode of 1-2 equipment, and basically is in a single machine production state with lower technical content, such as: (1) single machine such as polishing machine, sorting screen, etc. produced by Dongguan certain grinding machine company; the maximum vibration finishing machine capacity is 500L, and the single machine production and the production capacity are low. The unidirectional excitation mode is adopted, the frequency converter is additionally arranged to control the rotating speed to adjust the grinding effect, but the machining precision is lower, the machine is stopped during discharging, the lying plate is manually swung to separate and discharge, the labor intensity is high, and continuous production cannot be performed. The vibrating separation sieve has no flushing, rust preventing and water cutting functions, and other equipment such as cleaning, rust preventing, water cutting, drying and the like is required to be equipped for normal production. (2) The large Lian Mou polishing machine is manufactured by the manufacturing company of vibration polishing machine, has the capacity of 300L, is manufactured by a single machine and has low production capacity. The unidirectional excitation mode is adopted, the machining precision is low, the machine is stopped during discharging, the choke plug is opened manually for discharging, the labor intensity is high, and continuous production cannot be performed. (3) The bearing vibration polishing production line produced by a surface equipment manufacturing company is relatively high in automation degree, is a semi-automatic production line, is low in production capacity, has a maximum vibration polishing machine capacity of 1200L, is combined with a plurality of functions, and adopts a unidirectional excitation mode; the automatic feeding (not even feeding, the cylinder pushes the hopper, the overturning feeding, the cleaning machine (simple cleaning), the dryer (simple hot air heating, low efficiency, water mark on the surface of the dried workpiece) and the receiving machine, the processed product has poor quality stability, inconsistent appearance of the machined workpiece, low processing precision and 150 ten thousand yuan/set of price (4) the vibration finishing machine is produced by a certain industrial limited company of Wuxi city, the single machine such as a continuous-pass dryer, the maximum vibration finishing machine capacity of the vibration finishing machine is 1500L, the single machine production and the production capacity is low, the unidirectional excitation mode is adopted, but the machine is stopped during discharging, the lying plate is manually swung for sorting and discharging, the labor intensity is high, the continuous production cannot be carried out, the continuous-pass dryer is used for heating by single hot air, the efficiency is low, the water mark on the surface of the dried workpiece is present, and the like.

The existing domestic chemical polishing and grinding method basically adopts a single equipment or 1-2 equipment to operate in a combined mode, and the whole grinding and polishing process consists of a plurality of working procedures, has the defects of scattered equipment, poor process connection, multiple process links, high labor intensity, large occupied area and the like, and can only adapt to the processing of small-batch and low-precision products, and has poor and unstable quality consistency, high rework rate and low labor productivity. In a word, the main defects of the domestic and foreign finishing systems are as follows: the cost is high, or the function is single, and the vibration finishing machine produced in China is manufactured by a single machine, and more advanced is to add a plurality of simple functions, such as automatic sorting, automatic feeding and the like. The method cannot meet the requirement of large-scale automatic continuous production, the consistency of products cannot be ensured, and the method is not suitable for mass processing production with higher requirements.

In the aspect of abrasive materials, the common ceramic grinding medium has the advantages of high mechanical strength, high hardness, high density, good high-temperature performance, no pollution to materials, strong acid and alkali corrosion resistance, excellent wear resistance and the like, so that the common ceramic grinding medium occupies a very important place in the field of grinding media, and is widely applied to the fields of mineral products, chemical industry, coating paint, mechanical and electronic related fine polishing processing. In the current market of China, the series of products mainly comprise varieties of alumina, zirconia, silicon carbide, silicon nitride and the like, wherein ZrO2 porcelain balls and high-alumina porcelain balls (75-95% Al2O 3) are taken as main supply and demand objects of the market. However, zrO2 and Al2O3 are expensive and have high manufacturing cost, and do not have market advantages. Therefore, the middle aluminum porcelain with the Al2O3 content less than or equal to 60 percent is developed, and the porcelain is mature in production process, small in production line investment and high in product cost performance, so that the porcelain becomes a main stream product in the current mineral and powder processing industry, and has the maximum consumption and wide application. However, the existing raw material formula adopts Al2O3 raw materials, the cost is high, in addition, the traditional corundum polishing block has high energy consumption and large grain size, the grinding application effect of corundum is obviously influenced by the size of the internal grains, the specific expression is that the abrasion rate is 0.9 per mill, the cutting rate is 0.3 percent, and the compressive strength is 1100N. If other raw materials are adopted, the prepared medium aluminum porcelain microbead grinding medium has low wear resistance, lower density and lower hardness; the existing sintering temperature control is not ideal enough, so that the firing cost is high; in addition, waste residues (such as tailings) cannot be reasonably utilized in the production process, so that a large amount of space is required for stacking, and certain pollution is caused to the environment.

In principle, polishing (grinding) is a common material grinding technology, and is widely applied to various granular material grinding works. The grinding principle is as follows: the hard abrasive in the roller is driven by the rotating roller to obtain kinetic energy, and the abrasive is rubbed with the object in motion, so that the object is processed to generate shape changes such as crushing, wearing and the like by the action of hardness difference, impact force and shearing force, and the processing means is symmetrical to the processing of the object in terms of macroscopic view although the magnitude and the direction of the force of each abrasive on the object are different. Currently, it is generally difficult for grinding equipment to perform controlled asymmetric grinding of bulk materials.

People often need to perform asymmetric grinding according to the artificial intention when processing objects, and many of the existing asymmetric piece grinding devices need to be controlled manually, thus consuming labor. For example, natural rare minerals such as jade and agate have different shapes, a secondary mineral layer which needs to be peeled is also covered outside, and manual polishing is often needed by using tools such as sand paper and a polisher according to the shape of the jade by using a traditional method. The automatic grinding device has great significance for realizing the automatic grinding of small objects asymmetrically according to the original contour based on the existing grinding equipment and has great significance for the field of material grinding.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention is characterized in that a magnetic force control system is additionally arranged on the structure of the existing polishing machine, and magnetic materials are additionally arranged in the existing polishing machine, so that the motion trail of the magnetic polishing material is asymmetrically regulated and controlled in the polishing process, and the capability of asymmetric polishing processing is obtained.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides a polishing machine which comprises a roller, a rotating shaft, a driving motor, a controller, a rack and a magnetic force control system, wherein the rotating shaft is positioned below the roller, the driving motor is connected with the rotating shaft, the controller is connected with the driving motor, the controller is arranged on the rack, the magnetic force control system consists of an electromagnet, a movable guide rail, the controller and a permanent magnet, and the magnetic force control system controls the intensity and the direction of a magnetic field.

The magnetic force of the magnetic force control system is from one or two of a permanent magnet and an electromagnet.

In a preferred embodiment, the magnetic force of the magnetic force control system is derived from a permanent magnet detachably arranged on the frame by a moving rail. The direction of the magnetic field is controlled by the position of the permanent magnet, and the strength of the magnetic field is determined by the magnetic field strength of the permanent magnet.

In another preferred embodiment, the magnetic force of the magnetic force control system is derived from an electromagnet which is detachably arranged on the frame by moving a guide rail, the direction of the magnetic field is controlled by the position of the electromagnet, and the strength of the magnetic field is controlled by the strength of the current passing through the electromagnet.

The roller comprises a roller body and two roller bottoms, wherein the roller body is in threaded sealing connection with the roller bottoms.

The cylinder bottom comprises an outer cylinder bottom, an inner cylinder bottom, an outer ring bearing and an inner ring bearing, wherein the outer cylinder bottom is fixedly and hermetically connected with the outer ring bearing, the inner ring bearing is fixedly and hermetically connected with the inner cylinder bottom, and the outer ring bearing is fixedly and hermetically connected with the inner ring bearing.

The inner side face of the inner barrel bottom of the roller is provided with a telescopic fixing part, the other end of the telescopic fixing part is connected with a fixing rod, and an object to be ground is clamped by the fixing rod left and right.

The tail end of the fixing rod is also provided with a flexible sealing isolation cover with elasticity.

The polishing machine uses an abrasive material with magnetism.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a ball mill.

Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a ball mill.

Fig. 3 is a sectional view of the drum. The device comprises a roller 1, an electromagnet 2, a rotating shaft 3, a driving motor 4, a controller 5, a frame 6, a permanent magnet 7, a movable guide rail 8, an object 9 to be ground, an abrasive 10, a roller body 1-1, an outer roller bottom 1-2, an outer roller bearing 1-3, an inner roller bearing 1-4, an inner roller bottom 1-5, a telescopic fixed part 1-7, a fixed rod 1-8 and a flexible sealing isolation cover 1-9.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and features of the technical solutions of the present invention more obvious, the following is a further detailed description with reference to fig. 1,2 and 3.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the polishing machine comprises a roller 1, an electromagnet 2, a rotating shaft 3, a driving motor 4, a controller 5, a frame 6, a permanent magnet 7 and a moving guide rail 8. The electromagnet 2 is located above the roller 1, the rotating shaft 3 is located below the roller 1, the driving motor 4 is connected with the rotating shaft 3, the controller 5 is connected with the electromagnet 2, the controller 5 is arranged on the frame 6, the permanent magnet 7 is located below the rotating shaft 3, the permanent magnet 7 is arranged on the frame 6, the electromagnet 2 is detachably arranged on the frame 6 through the moving guide rail 8, and the electromagnet 2, the moving guide rail 8, the controller 5 and the permanent magnet 7 form a magnetic force control system which controls the intensity and the direction of a magnetic field.

Referring to FIG. 3, a drum 1 includes a drum body 1-1, an outer drum bottom 1-2, an outer drum bearing 1-3, an inner drum bearing 1-4, an inner drum bottom 1-5, a telescopic fixing member 1-7, a fixing rod 1-8 and a flexible sealing cover 1-9. The novel telescopic sealing device is characterized in that the cylinder body 1-1 is in bilateral symmetry threaded sealing connection with the outer cylinder bottom 1-2, the outer cylinder bottom 1-2 is fixedly and hermetically connected with the outer ring bearing 1-3, the inner ring bearing 1-4 is fixedly and hermetically connected with the inner cylinder bottom 1-5, the outer ring bearing 1-3 is fixedly and hermetically connected with the inner ring bearing 1-4, the telescopic fixing part 1-7 is fixed on the inner side surface of the inner cylinder bottom 1-5, the other end of the telescopic fixing part 1-7 is fixedly connected with the fixing rod 1-8, and the flexible sealing isolation cover 1-9 is connected with the other end of the fixing rod 1-8. The outer cylinder bottom 1-2, the outer ring bearing 1-3, the inner ring bearing 1-4, the inner cylinder bottom 1-5 and the telescopic fixing component 1-7 are symmetrical components, namely the roller 1 is of a bilateral symmetry structure, namely other components except the cylinder body 1-1 are of two groups and are distributed in bilateral symmetry.

Before the ball mill works, an opening at one end of the roller 1 is firstly opened, namely the roller body 1-1 and the outer roller bottom 1-2 are opened, the outer roller bottom 1-2, the outer roller bearing 1-3, the inner roller bearing 1-4, the inner roller bottom 1-5 and the telescopic fixing part 1-7 are connected to form an integral part, and the fixing rod 1-8 and the flexible sealing isolation cover 1-9 are connected to form an integral part. Then, the object to be abraded 9 and the abrasive 10 are put into the inside of the drum. Then, the barrel 1-1 and the outer barrel bottom 1-2 are screwed and connected again. The object 9 to be ground is clamped by the fixing rods 1-8, the grinding materials 10 are magnetic, and flexible sealing isolation covers 1-9 with certain elasticity are further arranged at the tail ends of the fixing rods 1-8 so as to prevent the grinding materials 10 from damaging the telescopic fixing parts 1-7, the fixing rods 1-8 and the like in the working process.

The working principle of the ball mill is as follows: in the ball milling process, the driving motor 4 drives the rotating shaft 3, so that the roller 1 is ensured to roll along with the rotating shaft 3, and the grinding material 10 in the roller 1 is enabled to roll due to the kinetic energy; inside the roller, the inner cylinder bottom 1-5 and the inner ring bearing 1-4 do not roll along with the outer ring bearing 1-3, the roller body 1-1 and the outer cylinder bottom 1-2, and the object 9 to be ground does not roll along with the rotating shaft 3 based on the fixed connection among the object 9 to be ground, the telescopic fixed part 1-7, the fixed rod 1-8 and the inner cylinder bottom 1-5; the electromagnet 2 and the permanent magnet 7 which are positioned above and below the roller 1 are used for controlling the magnetic field direction and the magnetic field intensity at the position of the roller 1, the specific control mode comprises manual control and control through an external control system, and the magnetic force is applied to the rolling abrasive 10, so that the abrasive is subjected to relative strong shearing grinding at the surface processing position of the object 9 to be ground, and is subjected to relative weak shearing grinding at the non-grinding position, and the asymmetric grinding processing of the object 9 to be ground is finished.

While the invention has been described above by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, but is intended to cover various insubstantial modifications of the invention by way of its method concepts and technical solutions, or applications of the inventive concepts and technical solutions without any modifications, as long as they are directly applicable to other applications, are within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. The polishing machine comprises a roller, a rotating shaft, a driving motor, a controller, a rack and a magnetic force control system, and is characterized in that the rotating shaft is positioned below the roller, the driving motor is connected with the rotating shaft, the controller is connected with the driving motor, the controller is arranged on the rack, the magnetic force control system consists of an electromagnet, a movable guide rail, the controller and a permanent magnet, the magnetic force control system controls the intensity and the direction of a magnetic field, and the magnetic force of the magnetic force control system is from one or two of the permanent magnet and the electromagnet;

the roller comprises a roller body and two roller bottoms, and the roller body is in threaded sealing connection with the roller bottoms;

the cylinder bottom comprises an outer cylinder bottom, an inner cylinder bottom, an outer ring bearing and an inner ring bearing, wherein the outer cylinder bottom is fixedly and hermetically connected with the outer ring bearing, the inner ring bearing is fixedly and hermetically connected with the inner cylinder bottom, the outer ring bearing is fixedly and hermetically connected with the inner ring bearing, a telescopic fixing part is arranged on the inner side surface of the inner cylinder bottom of the cylinder, the other end of the telescopic fixing part is connected with a fixing rod, and an object to be ground is clamped left and right by the fixing rod;

2. A polishing machine according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic force of the magnetic force control system is derived from a permanent magnet detachably arranged on the frame by a moving rail, the direction of the magnetic field is controlled by the position of the permanent magnet, and the strength of the magnetic field is determined by the magnetic field strength of the permanent magnet.

3. A polishing machine according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic force of the magnetic force control system is derived from an electromagnet which is detachably arranged on the frame by means of a moving rail, the direction of the magnetic field being controlled by the position of the electromagnet, the strength of the magnetic field being controlled by the strength of the current through the electromagnet.

4. A polishing machine according to claim 1, wherein the abrasive used in the polishing machine is magnetic.