CN109460532B - Solar direct radiation remote sensing calculation method and device - Google Patents
Solar direct radiation remote sensing calculation method and device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention provides a method and a device for calculating remote sensing of direct solar radiation, wherein the method comprises the following steps: calculating a terrain shadow masking pixel based on a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and a day-ground geometrical relation, and acquiring a non-terrain shadow masking pixel based on the terrain shadow masking pixel; obtaining instantaneous direct solar radiation quantity of the non-terrain shadow shading pixel element based on the atmospheric parameters and the atmospheric radiation transmission model; and obtaining the total solar direct radiation quantity based on a time expansion method according to the instantaneous solar direct radiation quantity at a plurality of moments in the sunrise to sunset time. The non-terrain shadow shielding area is directly extracted through remote sensing image data and the DEM, instantaneous solar direct radiation quantity is calculated, limitation of historical observation data is not needed, direct solar radiation under any global terrain and weather conditions can be calculated, the method is suitable for calculating the direct solar radiation of the area under different terrain and weather conditions, and data support is provided for climate change research and scientific evaluation of solar energy resources.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of atmospheric remote sensing, in particular to a method and a device for calculating solar direct radiation remote sensing.
Background
Solar radiation is the most important energy source for the physical, chemical and biophysical processes of the earth's surface (snow melting, photosynthesis, transpiration, crop growth, etc.) and is also the fundamental motive force for various phenomena and all physical processes in the earth's atmosphere. The earth surface solar radiation controls the energy and flux exchange process of an earth gas system, is a key factor causing the heterogeneity of earth surface space and biological process, and has important significance for climate prediction and solar energy utilization.
Surface solar radiation controls the energy and flux exchange process of the surface-atmosphere system, and is the most important energy source for surface physical, biological and chemical processes. The direct radiation amount is the radiation amount generated when parallel solar rays directly reach the ground surface, the proportion of the direct light to the total radiation is a main factor to be considered when designing a concentrating solar system, and only 98 national-level solar radiation observation stations in China can not meet the requirements of the field of climatology research and solar energy resource utilization on solar radiation data.
Scholars at home and abroad use various methods and observation data to carry out simulation estimation and prediction on direct solar radiation reaching the earth surface, the development of a remote sensing technology provides important technology and data support for obtaining large-range quasi-real-time earth surface solar radiation, and numerous polar orbit and static meteorological satellites provide a mass data source for obtaining the earth surface solar radiation. Meanwhile, a series of global solar radiation products are also published by many scientific teams at home and abroad, for example, the spatial resolution published by the International Satellite Cloud Climate Program (ISCCP) is 2.5 degrees, the time resolution is 3 hours, and the global solar radiation product ISCCP-FD is published since 1984; the Global Energy Water circulation test (GEWEX) releases a Global solar radiation product GEWEX-SRB with a spatial resolution of 1 degree and a time resolution of 3 hours, every day and every month; the national environmental forecast center of America also publishes a solar radiation product with the spatial resolution of 209 km; the U.S. national oceanic and atmospheric administration also publishes surface solar radiation data at multiple time resolutions using cloud and the Earth's radiation Energy System (CERES) sensors.
The existing global solar radiation products have low spatial resolution, the corresponding solar radiation calculation method only comprises total earth surface incident solar radiation and does not calculate direct solar radiation amount, or historical observation data of stations are mostly adopted to simply estimate the direct radiation amount by using an sunshine duration empirical regression model, and radiation calculation errors caused by the projection position of cloud on the earth surface and the spatial displacement of the actual cloud shadow position are not considered.
Disclosure of Invention
Embodiments of the present invention provide a method and apparatus for calculating remote sensing of direct solar radiation that overcomes or at least partially solves the above-mentioned problems.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for calculating remote sensing of direct solar radiation, including:
calculating a terrain shadow masking pixel based on a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and a day-ground geometrical relation, and acquiring a non-terrain shadow masking pixel based on the terrain shadow masking pixel;
obtaining instantaneous direct solar radiation quantity of the non-terrain shadow shading pixel element based on the atmospheric parameters and the atmospheric radiation transmission model;
and obtaining the total solar direct radiation quantity based on a time expansion method according to the instantaneous solar direct radiation quantity at a plurality of moments in the sunrise to sunset time.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a solar direct radiation remote sensing computing device, including:
the terrain shading calculation module is used for calculating terrain shading pixels in the remote sensing image based on a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and a day-ground geometric relation and acquiring non-terrain shading pixels based on the terrain shading pixels;
the instantaneous solar direct radiation amount calculation module is used for obtaining instantaneous solar direct radiation amount of the non-terrain shadow shading pixel based on the atmospheric parameters and the atmospheric radiation transmission model;
and the total radiation calculation module is used for obtaining the total solar direct radiation quantity based on a time expansion method according to the instantaneous solar direct radiation quantity at a plurality of moments in the sunrise-to-sunset time.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an electronic device, which includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, where the processor implements the steps of the method for calculating remote sensing of direct solar radiation according to the first aspect when executing the program.
In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, where the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method for calculating remote sensing of direct solar radiation as provided in the first aspect.
The embodiment of the invention provides a remote sensing calculation method and a remote sensing calculation device for direct solar radiation, which directly extract a non-terrain shadow shielding area through remote sensing image data, calculate instantaneous direct solar radiation amount, are not limited by historical observation data, have higher algorithm precision, can calculate direct solar radiation under any global terrain and weather conditions, are suitable for direct solar radiation calculation of areas with different terrain and weather conditions, and provide data support for climate change research and scientific evaluation of solar energy resources.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a remote sensing calculation method for direct solar radiation according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a terrain shading calculation method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a method for calculating instantaneous solar direct radiation according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a method for calculating total solar direct radiation according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a solar direct radiation remote sensing computing device according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic physical structure diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Solar radiation is the most important energy source for the physical, chemical and biophysical processes of the earth's surface (snow melting, photosynthesis, transpiration, crop growth, etc.) and is also the fundamental motive force for various phenomena and all physical processes in the earth's atmosphere. The earth surface solar radiation controls the energy and flux exchange process of an earth gas system, is a key factor causing the heterogeneity of earth surface space and biological process, and has important significance for climate prediction and solar energy utilization.
Because the existing solar radiation products have low spatial resolution, or only contain total earth surface solar radiation, the direct solar radiation amount is not calculated, meanwhile, the existing direct radiation calculation methods mostly adopt historical observation data of sites, do not adopt a remote sensing method, and radiation calculation errors caused by the space displacement of the projection position of the cloud on the earth surface and the actual shadow position of the cloud are not considered for the remote sensing image with coarse resolution. Therefore, the embodiments of the invention provide data support for climate change research and scientific evaluation of solar energy resources by aiming at the area direct solar radiation calculation method suitable for different terrains and weather conditions. The following description and description will proceed with reference being made to various embodiments.
Fig. 1 is a remote sensing calculation of direct solar radiation according to an embodiment of the present invention, including:
s1, calculating a terrain shadow shading pixel based on a digital elevation model DEM and a day-ground geometrical relation, and acquiring a non-terrain shadow shading pixel based on the terrain shadow shading pixel;
s2, obtaining instantaneous solar direct radiation quantity of the non-terrain shadow shading pixel based on the atmospheric parameters and the atmospheric radiation transmission model;
and S3, obtaining the total solar direct radiation quantity based on a time expansion method according to the instantaneous solar direct radiation quantity at a plurality of moments in the time from sunrise to sunset.
Digital Elevation Model (DEM), which describes ground Elevation information, is a solid ground Model that represents the ground Elevation in the form of a set of ordered arrays of values, and is a branch of a Digital Terrain Model (DTM). The DTM is a space distribution describing linear and nonlinear combination of various topographic factors including elevation, such as gradient, slope direction, gradient change rate and other factors, wherein the DEM is a zero-order simple single-term digital topographic model, and other topographic characteristics such as gradient, slope direction, gradient change rate and the like can be derived on the basis of the DEM.
In the embodiment, by collecting remote sensing image data, a terrain shadow masking pixel is calculated according to a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and a sun position, the terrain shadow masking pixel is further set to be free from solar direct radiation calculation, instantaneous solar direct radiation of a non-terrain masking area is calculated according to atmospheric parameters and an atmospheric radiation transmission model, atmospheric parameters at any moment are obtained by interpolation of a time expansion method through single or multiple remote sensing observation of the atmospheric parameters, instantaneous solar direct radiation of a plurality of moments from sunrise to sunset time is calculated, total solar direct radiation is obtained through the time expansion method, the limitation of historical observation data is avoided, the algorithm precision is high, the method can be widely applied to various terrain and climate conditions, and the quasi-real-time calculation of regional or global solar direct radiation can be realized.
On the basis of the foregoing embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, step S1 specifically includes:
s11, calculating the gradient and the slope direction according to the DEM; according to the local time, longitude and latitude, the solar declination, the solar altitude, the solar azimuth, the sunrise time angle and the sunset time angle of each pixel are obtained, namely the geometrical relationship between the sun and the ground (geometric parameters between the sun and the ground) is obtained.
And S12, calculating the pixel shielded by the terrain as 0 according to the solar altitude, the solar azimuth and the earth surface elevation, and not performing direct radiation calculation on the pixel.
In this embodiment, specifically, in step S11, calculating the day-ground geometric parameter according to the remote sensing imaging time and the latitude and longitude, includes:
(1) horizontal plane sun altitude h1As shown in the following formula (1):
sinh1＝sinφsinδ+cosφcosδcosω (1)
in the formula (1), the reaction mixture is,
is the geographic latitude; delta is solar declination; omega is the solar time angle.
(2) Inclined plane sun altitude h2As shown in the following formula (2):
in the formula (2), α is a slope, and β is a slope.
(3) Horizontal plane sunrise angle omegasrAngle of sunset omegassAnd satisfies the following conditions: omegasr＝-ωss，ωsrAs shown in the following formula (3):
(4) adopting different algorithms according to the slope direction for the sunrise and sunset time angles of the slope surface, and aiming at the sunrise time angle (omega) towards east or eastern directions'r) And sunset time angle (omega)s's) Can be represented by the following formulae (4) and (5), respectively:
for sunrise angle (ω) in the westward or westward directions'r) And sunset time angle (omega)s's) Can be represented by the following formulae (6) and (7), respectively:
in the formulae (4) to (7),
(5) the solar azimuth angle a is represented by the following formula (8):
(6) the solar declination is represented by the following formula (9):
wherein: τ is the solar angle, i.e.:
τ＝2π(Jd-N0)/365.2422
N079.6764+0.2422 (year-1985) -INT [ (year-1985)/4 ═ INT-]
Wherein: j. the design is a squaredJulian days.
S12: according to the surface elevation and the geometrical relation between the sun and the ground, grid units in a certain range (20 km in the example) of the grid unit A are sequentially searched along the incident direction of the sun by a certain step length (the minimum resolution of the grid unit is set in the example), if the height angle between a certain grid B and the grid A is larger than the solar height angle of the incident path, the grid A at the moment is shielded, and if not, the grid A can be irradiated. The searching process is repeated until the searching range is more than or equal to 20km or the grid A is shielded.
On the basis of the above embodiments, the method for obtaining the instantaneous solar direct radiation amount of the non-terrain shadow shading pixel based on the atmospheric parameters and the atmospheric radiation transmission model specifically comprises the following steps:
calculating a cloud shadow shielding pixel and a clear sky photographable pixel; for the clear sky photographable unit, a clear sky atmospheric radiation transmission model is adopted to calculate instantaneous solar direct radiation quantity of a clear sky near stratum, and for the cloud shadow shading pixel, a cloud atmospheric radiation transmission model is adopted to calculate instantaneous solar direct radiation quantity of a cloud shading near stratum based on atmospheric parameters;
and converting the instantaneous direct solar radiation quantity of the clear sky near-stratum and the instantaneous direct solar radiation quantity of the cloud shielding near-stratum into the instantaneous direct solar radiation quantity under the actual terrain condition based on the slope or horizontal plane solar incident angle.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the clear air atmosphere radiation transmission model and the cloud atmosphere radiation transmission model are established and trained according to the atmospheric parameters and the corresponding pixels under the clear air and the cloud conditions.
In this embodiment, specifically, as shown in fig. 3, S2 may be divided into the following steps:
and S21, computing the shadow area of the cloud on the ground surface, and correcting the cloud-ground surface shadow relative displacement for the cloud-day situation. According to the sun altitude, the sun azimuth, the cloud top height and the surface elevation of each pixel, marking corresponding positions of a surface cloud shadow pixel (a target pixel) and a cloud pixel (a source pixel);
specifically, in the present embodiment, it is determined, grid by grid, whether or not the cloud shadow is hidden from the ground surface along the solar incident direction, based on the cloud ceiling height, the solar incident angle, and the ground surface elevation. The specific method comprises the following steps: and recording O as the position of cloud in the sky, O' as the orthographic projection position of the cloud shadow on the ground surface, and theta as the altitude angle of O relative to the grid unit A on the ground surface, wherein if theta is larger than the altitude angle of the sun, the grid unit A is shielded by the cloud shadow to obtain a cloud shadow shielding pixel.
And S22, calculating the direct solar radiation quantity of the near-stratum by taking the atmospheric parameters corresponding to the zenith of the surface pixels as input and adopting a clear air atmospheric radiation transmission model for the pixels which are not shaded by cloud shadow and terrain shadow. And taking the atmospheric parameters of the nearest clear sky pixel as input for the condition that the corresponding pixel at the zenith has cloud and the earth surface is not shaded by cloud shadow. The input atmospheric parameters include: water vapor, aerosol, ozone content, and solar zenith angle.
In this embodiment, for a clear sky photographable unit, a clear sky atmospheric radiation transmission model is used to calculate instantaneous solar direct radiation amount of a clear sky near-stratum, and specifically, a clear sky atmospheric radiation transmission model is used to calculate solar direct radiation amount of a clear sky near-stratum. Particularly, the atmospheric parameters under the clear sky condition are distributed more uniformly in a vertical mode than the clouds, so that the atmospheric parameters of the grid units at the zenith corresponding to the grid units on the earth surface are used as input, and for the situation that the pixels corresponding to the zenith are in clouds and the pixels on the earth surface are not shielded by cloud shadows, the atmospheric parameters of the pixels nearest to the clear sky are used as input to calculate the direct solar radiation. The input atmospheric parameters include: water vapor, aerosol, ozone content, and solar zenith angle.
Clear sky near surface solar direct radiant quantity (I)clear) Can be represented by the following formula(10) Shown in the figure:
in the above formula (10), I0Is the sun constant, TclearFor clear air atmospheric transmittance, subscripts O, R, G, W, A refer to the solar direct radiation transmittance under ozone absorption, rayleigh scattering, mixed gas absorption, water vapor absorption, aerosol absorption, and scattering conditions, respectively.
S23, calculating the instantaneous solar direct radiation quantity of the cloud shielding near stratum by adopting a cloud atmospheric radiation transmission model based on atmospheric parameters for the cloud shadow shielding pixels;
for the pixel shaded by the cloud shadow, a radiation transmission model is utilized, such as: MODTRAN radiation transmission model, SBDART radiation transmission model, SHDOM radiation transmission model etc. input corresponding atmospheric parameter, include: calculating the atmospheric water vapor content, the atmospheric aerosol content, the cloud (optical thickness, liquid water/ice water path, phase state, particle radius, cloud top height, etc.), the ozone content, and the solar zenith angle, and calculating the solar direct radiation I of the cloud-shielded near-stratumcloud。
Icloud＝I0TclearTcloud
Wherein, TcloudIs the transmittance of direct solar radiation through the cloud.
Further, in step S21, the grid cell a on the ground is shaded by the cloud shadow at O, and the cloud parameter of the grid cell at O is used as input, and the atmospheric parameter other than the cloud is used as input in step S22.
In step S21, the grid cell a on the ground is shaded by the cloud shadow at O, and the cloud parameters of the grid cell at O are used as input, and the atmospheric parameters except for the cloud are used as input in step S22.
S24, converting the instantaneous direct solar radiation quantity of the clear sky near-stratum and the instantaneous direct solar radiation quantity of the cloud shielding near-stratum into instantaneous direct solar radiation quantity under the actual terrain condition based on the slope or horizontal plane solar incident angle;
specifically, in this embodiment, the surface actual solar direct radiation amount is calculated as follows: the method comprises the following steps of converting near-surface solar direct radiation quantity (instantaneous solar direct radiation quantity of a clear sky near-stratum and instantaneous solar direct radiation quantity of a cloud shielding near-stratum) into instantaneous solar direct radiation quantity I 'under actual terrain conditions by utilizing a slope or horizontal plane solar incident angle, wherein the instantaneous solar direct radiation quantity I' is shown in the following formula (11):
I′＝I·sinh (11)
in the above formula, I is the direct solar radiation amount in clear sky and near the surface (I)clear) And/or cloud-shielding near-stratum solar direct radiation IcloudH is h1Or h2。
On the basis of the foregoing embodiments, as shown in fig. 4, S3 specifically includes:
s31, representing atmospheric states at any time from sunrise to sunset time into a plurality of piecewise functions by using the remote sensing images of a plurality of observation times based on a linear interpolation method, and simulating atmospheric parameters at any time;
s32, dividing the sunrise time into a plurality of time periods, and respectively calculating the instantaneous solar direct radiation amount of each sectional time;
and S33, acquiring the accumulated direct solar radiation amount of each two adjacent time periods by adopting a time integration method according to the instantaneous direct solar radiation amount at the sectional time, and adding all the accumulated direct solar radiation amounts within the time from sunrise to sunset to obtain the total solar direct radiation amount.
In the present embodiment, S31, the atmospheric parameter simulation at any time: and for the situation that the atmospheric parameters are remotely observed only once in one day, the single-scene image atmospheric parameters are taken as the average value of the whole day. For the situation that the atmospheric parameters are remotely sensed and observed for multiple times in one day, the atmospheric state at any time of the sunrise-to-sunset time period is represented as a plurality of piecewise functions by images of multiple observation times and a linear interpolation method.
Specifically, simulating the atmospheric parameters at any time specifically includes:
if the remote sensing image is observed only once a day, the atmospheric parameter obtained by inverting the remote sensing image is used as the average value of the atmospheric parameters all day long.
The method is characterized in that the remote sensing image with two or more remote sensing observations in one day is used for representing atmospheric states at any time from sunrise to sunset time into a plurality of piecewise functions by using the remote sensing images at a plurality of observation times based on a linear interpolation method, and specifically comprises the following steps:
will be in the atmospheric state from sunrise to sunset
A plurality of piecewise functions characterized by time as an argument and having multiple observation times as endpoints, as shown in equation (12) below:
for the situation that the remote sensing image of a certain pixel at the adjacent moment has a cloud, obsi represents the corresponding observation time, i is 1,2,3 …, n, and different interpolation methods are adopted according to the cloud phase state:
if the liquid water paths and the cloud top heights are all water clouds, time interpolation is carried out on the liquid water paths and the cloud top heights, and the particle radius is averaged;
if the particles are ice clouds, performing time interpolation on the ice water path and the cloud top height, and averaging the particle radius;
if the cloud phase states at the adjacent moments are not consistent, the cloud parameters in the time period are set to be the mixed phase state of the water cloud and the ice cloud, and interpolation processing is not carried out;
if only one cloud exists at the moment, interpolation is carried out on a liquid water path or an ice cloud path only, and the height of the cloud top and the radius of the particles are unchanged.
The maximum height of the cloud top of the water cloud is set to be 8km, and the minimum height of the cloud top of the water cloud is set to be 1 km; the maximum height of the ice cloud top is set to be 12km, and the minimum height is set to be 1 km.
Liquid water path (W)liq) Ice water path (W)ice) Particle radius (r)e) And optical thickness (τ)c) The relationship between can characterize:
where ρ is the liquid water density.
Wherein D iseThe equivalent circumference.
In this embodiment, S32 specifically includes:
in the sunrise and sunset time period, 1 hour is taken as a time step, the atmospheric parameter obtained by interpolation in the step S3 is taken as an input, the steps S1 and S2 are repeated, and the instantaneous solar direct radiation quantity at each sectional time is respectively calculated, namely corresponding:
wherein, tsr，t1，t2，tn，tssRespectively, the time of day, t1Time of day t2Time of day tnTime of day and sunset time of day.
The instantaneous solar direct radiation (E) at the respective time instant can be expressed as:
{0,E1,E2,...,0}
further, in the case where the cloud phases at the two adjacent times are inconsistent as described in step S31, the average value of the direct radiation amounts in the case of the ice cloud and the water cloud is taken as the instantaneous solar direct radiation amount at the time.
In this example, S33, daily total solar direct radiation calculation:
and for instantaneous direct radiation at adjacent moments, acquiring the accumulated direct radiation amount of the time period by adopting a time integration method. Adding all the accumulated direct radiation amount in the sunrise and sunset time of one day to obtain the total direct solar radiation amount per day
Wherein W denotes the cumulative direct solar radiation, the subscript sr and the superscript t1Mean sunrise to t1Subscript t within time period1And superscript t2Finger t1Time to t2Within the time period, the other subscripts contain a meaning class, and T denotes the cumulative time (in minutes).
Fig. 5 is a solar direct radiation remote sensing computing device provided in an embodiment of the present invention, which includes a terrain shading computing module 30, an instantaneous solar direct radiation amount computing module 40, and a total radiation computing module 50:
the terrain shading calculation module 30 calculates terrain shading pixels in the remote sensing image based on the digital elevation model DEM and the day-ground geometric relation, and obtains non-terrain shading pixels based on the terrain shading pixels;
the instantaneous solar direct radiation amount calculation module 40 obtains the instantaneous solar direct radiation amount of the non-terrain shadow shading pixel based on the atmospheric parameters and the atmospheric radiation transmission model;
the total radiation calculation module 50 obtains the total solar direct radiation amount of the day based on a time expansion method according to the instantaneous solar direct radiation amount at a plurality of moments in the sunrise to sunset time.
Fig. 6 is a schematic entity structure diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 6, the electronic device may include: a processor (processor)810, a communication Interface 820, a memory 830 and a communication bus 840, wherein the processor 810, the communication Interface 820 and the memory 830 communicate with each other via the communication bus 840. The processor 810 may call a computer program stored on the memory 830 and operable on the processor 810 to execute the method for calculating the remote sensing of direct solar radiation provided by the above embodiments, for example, including:
s1, calculating a terrain shadow masking pixel in the remote sensing image based on the digital elevation model DEM and the day-ground geometrical relation, and acquiring a non-terrain shadow masking pixel based on the terrain shadow masking pixel;
s2, obtaining instantaneous solar direct radiation quantity of the non-terrain shadow shading pixel based on the atmospheric parameters and the atmospheric radiation transmission model;
and S3, obtaining the total solar direct radiation quantity based on a time expansion method according to the instantaneous solar direct radiation quantity at a plurality of moments in the time from sunrise to sunset.
In addition, the logic instructions in the memory 830 may be implemented in software functional units and stored in a computer readable storage medium when the logic instructions are sold or used as independent products. Based on such understanding, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention may be essentially implemented or make a contribution to the prior art, or may be implemented in the form of a software product stored in a storage medium and including instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the embodiments of the present invention. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U-disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and other various media capable of storing program codes.
Embodiments of the present invention further provide a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, where the computer program is implemented to perform the method for calculating solar direct radiation remote sensing provided in the foregoing embodiments when executed by a processor, for example, the method includes:
s1, calculating a terrain shadow masking pixel in the remote sensing image based on the digital elevation model DEM and the day-ground geometrical relation, and acquiring a non-terrain shadow masking pixel based on the terrain shadow masking pixel;
s2, obtaining instantaneous solar direct radiation quantity of the non-terrain shadow shading pixel based on the atmospheric parameters and the atmospheric radiation transmission model;
and S3, obtaining the total solar direct radiation quantity based on a time expansion method according to the instantaneous solar direct radiation quantity at a plurality of moments in the time from sunrise to sunset.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer program product, where the computer program product includes a computer program stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, the computer program includes program instructions, and when the program instructions are executed by a computer, the computer can execute the solar direct radiation remote sensing calculation method as described above, for example, the computer includes:
s1, calculating a terrain shadow masking pixel in the remote sensing image based on the digital elevation model DEM and the day-ground geometrical relation, and acquiring a non-terrain shadow masking pixel based on the terrain shadow masking pixel;
s2, obtaining instantaneous solar direct radiation quantity of the non-terrain shadow shading pixel based on the atmospheric parameters and the atmospheric radiation transmission model;
and S3, obtaining the total solar direct radiation quantity based on a time expansion method according to the instantaneous solar direct radiation quantity at a plurality of moments in the time from sunrise to sunset.
In summary, the remote sensing calculation and device for direct solar radiation provided by the embodiments of the present invention directly extracts a non-terrain shadow shaded area through remote sensing image data, calculates instantaneous direct solar radiation amount, is not limited by historical observation data, has higher algorithm precision, can calculate direct solar radiation under any global terrain and weather conditions, is suitable for a calculation method for direct solar radiation in areas with different terrain and weather conditions, and provides data support for climate change research and scientific evaluation of solar energy resources.
The above-described embodiments of the apparatus are merely illustrative, and the units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the present embodiment. One of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement it without inventive effort.
Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art will clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented by software plus a necessary general hardware platform, and certainly can also be implemented by hardware. With this understanding in mind, the above-described technical solutions may be embodied in the form of a software product, which can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium such as ROM/RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., and includes instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the embodiments or some parts of the embodiments.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A remote sensing calculation method for direct solar radiation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
calculating a terrain shadow masking pixel based on a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and a day-ground geometrical relation, and acquiring a non-terrain shadow masking pixel based on the terrain shadow masking pixel;
obtaining instantaneous direct solar radiation quantity of the non-terrain shadow shading pixel element based on the atmospheric parameters and the atmospheric radiation transmission model;
obtaining the total solar direct radiation quantity based on a time expansion method according to the instantaneous solar direct radiation quantity at a plurality of moments in the time from sunrise to sunset;
the method for calculating the terrain shadow shading pixel based on the digital elevation model DEM and the day-ground geometric relation specifically comprises the following steps: calculating the slope and the sloping direction based on the DEM, and calculating the solar declination, the solar altitude angle, the solar azimuth angle, the sunrise time angle and the sunset time angle of each pixel according to the local time, the longitude and the latitude of the pixel; calculating a terrain shadow shielding pixel based on the sun altitude, the sun azimuth and the surface elevation of each pixel, wherein the terrain shadow shielding pixel does not perform direct solar radiation calculation;
the method for obtaining the instantaneous solar direct radiation quantity of the non-terrain shadow shading pixel based on the atmospheric parameters and the atmospheric radiation transmission model specifically comprises the following steps: calculating a cloud shadow shielding pixel and a clear sky photographable pixel; for the clear sky photographable unit, a clear sky atmospheric radiation transmission model is adopted to calculate instantaneous solar direct radiation quantity of a clear sky near stratum, and for the cloud shadow shading pixel, a cloud atmospheric radiation transmission model is adopted to calculate instantaneous solar direct radiation quantity of a cloud shading near stratum based on atmospheric parameters; converting instantaneous direct solar radiation quantity of a clear sky near-stratum and instantaneous direct solar radiation quantity of a cloud-shielded near-stratum into instantaneous direct solar radiation quantity under an actual terrain condition based on a slope or horizontal plane solar incident angle;
the method for obtaining the total solar direct radiation amount based on the time expansion method according to the instantaneous solar direct radiation amounts at a plurality of moments in the time from sunrise to sunset specifically comprises the following steps: representing atmospheric states at any time from sunrise to sunset time into a plurality of piecewise functions by using remote sensing images of a plurality of observation times based on a linear interpolation method, and simulating atmospheric parameters at any time; dividing the sunrise-to-sunset time into a plurality of time periods, and respectively calculating the instantaneous solar direct radiation amount of each sectional time; according to the instantaneous direct solar radiation amount at the sectional time, the accumulated direct solar radiation amount of the time periods corresponding to every two adjacent times is obtained by adopting a time integration method, and all the accumulated direct solar radiation amounts within the time from sunrise to sunset are added to obtain the total solar direct radiation amount.
2. A remote sensing computation method for direct solar radiation according to claim 1, characterized in that for the situation that the corresponding pixel at the zenith of the low solar altitude angle has cloud and the corresponding pixel on the earth surface is not shaded by cloud shadow, the atmospheric parameters of the nearest-to-clear-sky-illuminable pixel are used as input to compute the instantaneous direct solar radiation of the near-to-ground layer in clear sky.
3. A method for calculating remote sensing of direct solar radiation according to claim 1, wherein simulating atmospheric parameters at any time further comprises:
if the remote sensing image is observed only once a day, the atmospheric parameter obtained by inverting the remote sensing image is used as the average value of the atmospheric parameters all day long.
4. A remote sensing calculation method for direct solar radiation according to claim 1, wherein the method for characterizing atmospheric states at any time from sunrise to sunset as a plurality of piecewise functions by using remote sensing images of a plurality of observation times based on a linear interpolation method specifically comprises:
will be in the atmospheric state from sunrise to sunset
A plurality of piecewise functions characterized by a plurality of observation times as endpoints and a time as argument, where obsi represents the corresponding observation time, i is 1,2,3 …, n:
for the situation that the remote sensing image of a certain pixel at the adjacent moment is cloud, different interpolation methods are adopted according to the cloud phase:
if the liquid water paths and the cloud top heights are all water clouds, time interpolation is carried out on the liquid water paths and the cloud top heights, and the particle radius is averaged;
if the particles are ice clouds, performing time interpolation on the ice water path and the cloud top height, and averaging the particle radius;
if the cloud phase states at the adjacent moments are not consistent, the cloud parameters in the time periods corresponding to the adjacent moments are set to be the mixed phase state of the water cloud and the ice cloud, and interpolation processing is not carried out;
if only one cloud exists at the moment, interpolation is only carried out on the liquid water path or the ice water path, and the height of the cloud top and the radius of the particles are unchanged.
5. A solar direct radiation remote sensing computing device, comprising:
the terrain shading calculation module is used for calculating terrain shading pixels in the remote sensing image based on a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and a day-ground geometric relation and acquiring non-terrain shading pixels based on the terrain shading pixels;
the instantaneous solar direct radiation amount calculation module is used for obtaining instantaneous solar direct radiation amount of the non-terrain shadow shading pixel based on the atmospheric parameters and the atmospheric radiation transmission model;
the total radiation calculation module is used for obtaining the total solar direct radiation quantity based on a time expansion method according to the instantaneous solar direct radiation quantity at a plurality of moments in the time from sunrise to sunset;
the method for calculating the terrain shadow shading pixel based on the digital elevation model DEM and the day-ground geometric relation specifically comprises the following steps: calculating the slope and the sloping direction based on the DEM, and calculating the solar declination, the solar altitude angle, the solar azimuth angle, the sunrise time angle and the sunset time angle of each pixel according to the local time, the longitude and the latitude of the pixel; calculating a terrain shadow shielding pixel based on the sun altitude, the sun azimuth and the surface elevation of each pixel, wherein the terrain shadow shielding pixel does not perform direct solar radiation calculation;
the method for obtaining the instantaneous solar direct radiation quantity of the non-terrain shadow shading pixel based on the atmospheric parameters and the atmospheric radiation transmission model specifically comprises the following steps: calculating a cloud shadow shielding pixel and a clear sky photographable pixel; for the clear sky photographable unit, a clear sky atmospheric radiation transmission model is adopted to calculate instantaneous solar direct radiation quantity of a clear sky near stratum, and for the cloud shadow shading pixel, a cloud atmospheric radiation transmission model is adopted to calculate instantaneous solar direct radiation quantity of a cloud shading near stratum based on atmospheric parameters; converting instantaneous direct solar radiation quantity of a clear sky near-stratum and instantaneous direct solar radiation quantity of a cloud-shielded near-stratum into instantaneous direct solar radiation quantity under an actual terrain condition based on a slope or horizontal plane solar incident angle;
the method for obtaining the total solar direct radiation amount based on the time expansion method according to the instantaneous solar direct radiation amounts at a plurality of moments in the time from sunrise to sunset specifically comprises the following steps: representing atmospheric states at any time from sunrise to sunset time into a plurality of piecewise functions by using remote sensing images of a plurality of observation times based on a linear interpolation method, and simulating atmospheric parameters at any time; dividing the sunrise-to-sunset time into a plurality of time periods, and respectively calculating the instantaneous solar direct radiation amount of each sectional time; according to the instantaneous direct solar radiation amount at the sectional time, the accumulated direct solar radiation amount of the time periods corresponding to every two adjacent times is obtained by adopting a time integration method, and all the accumulated direct solar radiation amounts within the time from sunrise to sunset are added to obtain the total solar direct radiation amount.
6. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that the steps of the method according to any of claims 1 to 4 are implemented when the processor executes the program.
7. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
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