CN109456477B - Modified meta-aramid fiber, preparation method thereof and hollow fiber membrane - Google Patents

Modified meta-aramid fiber, preparation method thereof and hollow fiber membrane Download PDF

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CN109456477B
CN109456477B CN201710793509.XA CN201710793509A CN109456477B CN 109456477 B CN109456477 B CN 109456477B CN 201710793509 A CN201710793509 A CN 201710793509A CN 109456477 B CN109456477 B CN 109456477B
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aramid
solution
polymer
hollow fiber
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CN109456477A (en
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袁新兵
李彬
雷冰
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Euro American New Materials Zhejiang Co ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G69/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G69/42—Polyamides containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D69/02—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D69/08—Hollow fibre membranes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D71/06—Organic material
    • B01D71/56—Polyamides, e.g. polyester-amides
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/24—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with a hollow structure; Spinnerette packs therefor
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F11/00—Chemical after-treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture
    • D01F11/04—Chemical after-treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture of synthetic polymers
    • D01F11/08—Chemical after-treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture of synthetic polymers of macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F6/78—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from copolycondensation products
    • D01F6/80—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from copolycondensation products from copolyamides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
    • B01D2325/30—Chemical resistance

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polyamides (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a modified meta-aramid polymer and a preparation method thereof, wherein the modified meta-aramid polymer is prepared from m-phenylenediamine and alkyl diamine H2N‑M‑NH2And a plurality of diamine monomers such as halogenated diamine monomers and the like and isophthaloyl dichloride are polycondensed by a low-temperature solution polycondensation method, wherein the isophthaloyl dichloride is added into the reaction solution for a plurality of times. The invention also discloses a preparation method for preparing the hollow fiber membrane by adopting the prepared aramid fiber polymer. The modified meta-aramid polymer prepared by the invention has lower characteristic viscosity number and better chlorine resistance on the premise of keeping the original excellent performance, so that the modified meta-aramid polymer is more suitable for being spun into a hollow fiber membrane, and the prepared membrane yarn is easier to dryThe preparation method is simple, easy to operate, suitable for industrial production and good in market application prospect.

Description

Modified meta-aramid fiber, preparation method thereof and hollow fiber membrane
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aramid fiber and membranes, in particular to a modified meta-aramid fiber and a preparation method thereof, a modified meta-aramid hollow fiber membrane and a process for preparing the hollow fiber membrane.
Background
The meta-aramid fiber is obtained by polycondensation of isophthaloyl dichloride and m-phenylenediamine, and the common preparation methods comprise two methods: the first is interfacial polycondensation method, dissolving m-phenylenediamine and a small amount of acid absorbent in water to prepare a water phase, then dissolving m-phthaloyl chloride in an organic solvent, adding the mixture into the stirred water phase, reacting on the interface of the water phase and the organic phase, separating out a polymer, and drying to obtain a solid product; the second one is low temperature solution polycondensation process, which includes dissolving m-phenylenediamine in DMAc or NMP solvent, cooling to low temperature, adding isophthaloyl dichloride, raising the temperature gradually until the reaction is completed, and neutralizing with metal hydroxide or metal oxide to obtain salt solution for spinning. Wherein, the low-temperature solution polycondensation method uses less solvent, is more convenient to operate and has high production efficiency.
Benzene rings exist in the meta-aramid structure, and two ends of an amido bond are connected with the benzene rings, so that the meta-aramid material has excellent performances of heat resistance, corrosion resistance and the like. In addition, because the meta-aramid macromolecular chain has the characteristics of good flexibility, easy processing and the like, fibers spun by the meta-aramid macromolecular chain are applied to the field of water treatment in recent years.
When the meta-aramid is applied to the conventional field, the requirement on the molecular weight of the polymer is high, and the specific reflection is that the polymer needs to have high intrinsic viscosity ([ eta ] > 4.5); however, when the m-aramid material is applied to the field of water treatment, the spun fiber needs to have a relatively low molecular weight, i.e., a low intrinsic viscosity ([ eta ] ═ 0.8-4.5), and simultaneously maintain other excellent properties of the aramid fiber. However, the performance of the existing meta-aramid fiber in some aspects cannot meet the requirements of the water treatment field, the existing meta-aramid fiber has better film forming property due to the zigzag and ordered arrangement of the main chain, and the cost is lower compared with the main stream ultrafiltration membrane material in the market, but the existing meta-aramid fiber has the defects of poor chlorine resistance, higher intrinsic viscosity (eta is greater than 4.5), difficult dry-state storage of membrane yarns and the like, and the application of the meta-aramid fiber in the water treatment field (the membrane field) is restricted.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the present invention is to provide a modified meta-aramid polymer having an intrinsic viscosity1.0 to 3.5 dl/g. In one embodiment, the modified meta-aramid polymer has an intrinsic viscosity of 1.0 to 2.5 dl/g. The modified meta-aramid polymer is prepared by polycondensation of diamine monomers and m-phthaloyl chloride. Wherein the diamine monomer comprises m-phenylenediamine and alkyldiamine H2N-M-NH2And various diamine monomers such as halogenated diamine monomers. The diamine monomer containing halogen is NH with two amino groups2The halogenated monomer of (a) may be one of 5-trifluoromethyl-1, 3-phenylenediamine, 4-fluoro-1, 3-phenylenediamine, 4-chloro-1, 3-phenylenediamine, 2,4, 5-trifluoro-1, 3-phenylenediamine, α -trifluoromethyl-2, 5-diaminobenzyl alcohol (CAS 884498-00-4), 2-trifluoromethyl-1, 4-phenylenediamine, 4-trifluoromethoxy-1, 3-phenylenediamine (CAS 873055-90-4), and the like. As an embodiment, a low temperature solution polycondensation method is used in the preparation of the modified meta-aramid polymer. The modified meta-aramid polymer has chlorine resistance and lower characteristic viscosity number on the basis of keeping the original performances of temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, high strength and the like, and is more suitable for being spun into a hollow fiber membrane. As an embodiment, the modified meta-aramid polymer is used in ultrafiltration membranes, nanofiltration membranes, reverse osmosis membranes, composite membranes, and battery separators.
In addition, another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing the above-mentioned modified meta-aramid polymer, which comprises the steps of:
(1) m-phenylenediamine and alkyl diamine H2N-M-NH2And diamine monomer containing halogen are dissolved in organic solvent to prepare solution;
(2) adding m-phthaloyl chloride into the solution obtained in the step (1) for N times for reaction, and adjusting the pH value of the solution to be neutral after the reaction is completed to obtain the solution containing the modified meta-aramid polymer, wherein N is more than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 5, and N is a positive integer.
As an embodiment, the alkyl diamine H2N-M-NH2M of (A) is a linear alkyl group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms. In one embodiment, M is a linear alkyl group having 4 to 8 carbon atoms, and a modified meta-aramid polymer having a lower intrinsic viscosity can be obtained.
In one embodiment, after three diamine monomers are dissolved in an organic solvent in the step (1), stirring the mixture under the protection of inert gas until the three diamine monomers are completely dissolved to prepare a solution with a total concentration of the diamine monomers of 1.9 to 5.4 mol/L. In one embodiment, the concentration of the diamine monomer in the solution is 2.5 to 4.5 mol/L. As an embodiment, the inert gas may be other inert gases besides nitrogen.
As an implementation mode, in the step (2), the temperature of the solution is firstly adjusted to-25-0 ℃, isophthaloyl dichloride (ICI) is added to the solution in the step (1) for N times under stirring to react, after the reaction is finished, metal hydroxide or metal oxide is added to the solution to adjust the pH value of the solution to be neutral, and then the solution containing the modified meta-aramid polymer is obtained, wherein the content of the modified meta-aramid polymer in the solution is 30-50 wt%. As an embodiment, the content of the modified meta-aramid polymer in the solution is 35-50 wt%. The solution is stable, and when the pH value of the solution is adjusted to 6-8 by using metal hydroxide or metal oxide, the solution is more stable due to the generation of metal chloride in the solution, so that the solution is more suitable for directly spinning, preparing hollow fiber membranes, flat membranes and the like. And (3) filtering, washing and drying the solution finally obtained in the step (2) to obtain the modified meta-aramid polymer, and dissolving the modified meta-aramid polymer in concentrated sulfuric acid to measure the characteristic viscosity of the modified meta-aramid polymer. Or taking a small part of solution out of the solution finally obtained in the step (2), diluting the small part of solution with deionized water to obtain a modified meta-aramid polymer, continuously washing the modified meta-aramid polymer with the deionized water for three times, drying the obtained polymer in a vacuum drying oven at 120 ℃, and then measuring the characteristic viscosity of the polymer in 98% concentrated sulfuric acid.
In the step (2), before the isophthaloyl dichloride is added into the solution for the first time, the temperature of the solution is controlled to be-25-0 ℃, so that the heat generated by the reaction can be effectively controlled, the reaction speed is further effectively controlled, and the aramid polymer with smaller characteristic viscosity is obtained.
As an embodiment, the halo-containing diamine monomer is NH having two amino groups2The diamine monomer which may be contained therein and the object of the present invention described aboveOne refers to those diamine monomers which are the same.
As an embodiment, the isophthaloyl dichloride is reacted with m-phenylenediamine and alkyldiamine H2N-M-NH2And the molar ratio of the halogenated diamine monomer to the total of the three monomers is (0.95-1.05): 1. By adjusting isophthaloyl dichloride and three diamine monomers (i.e. isophthaloyl dichloride, m-phenylenediamine and alkyl diamine H)2N-M-NH2And a halogenated diamine monomer) in the solution, so that the intrinsic viscosity of the modified meta-aramid polymer in the solution is 1.0-3.5 dl/g. In one embodiment, the modified meta-aramid polymer in the solution has an intrinsic viscosity of 1.0 to 2.5 dl/g.
In one embodiment, the m-phenylenediamine comprises m-phenylenediamine and H in mole ratio2N-M-NH2And the total mole number of the halogenated diamine monomer is 50% or more, then the alkyl diamine H2N-M-NH2And halogenated diamine monomer, m-phenylenediamine and H2N-M-NH2And the total mole number of the diamine monomer containing halogen is less than or equal to 0.5. In one embodiment, when the mole number of m-phenylenediamine accounts for 50 to 80 percent of the total mole number of the three diamine monomers and other reaction parameters are the same, the modified meta-aramid polymer with lower intrinsic viscosity is obtained.
As an embodiment, the halo-containing diamine monomer is reacted with an alkyl diamine H2N-M-NH2In a molar ratio of 1:1 to 0.001:1, i.e., the alkyldiamine H2N-M-NH2Based on the molar amount of the alkyldiamine H2N-M-NH2And 50% or more of the total molar number of the diamine monomer containing halogen. As an embodiment, when the alkyldiamine H2N-M-NH2The molar number of the modified meta-aramid polymer is more than 80 percent of the total molar number of the modified meta-aramid polymer and the halogenated diamine monomer, and other reaction parameters are the same.
In one embodiment, the organic solvent is at least one of N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF), N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc), N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), and the like.
As an embodiment, the isophthaloyl dichloride can be added to the solution of step (1) 3 times, the addition can be performed by a dropwise addition method, and the addition can be performed by controlling the dropwise addition speed. Wherein N can also take other positive integers as the case may be. When adding the m-phthaloyl chloride for 3 times, firstly adding 65-85 wt% of the total amount of the m-phthaloyl chloride, controlling the reaction temperature of a reaction system to be below 25 ℃ below zero before adding, and controlling the reaction temperature to be below 0 ℃ after adding; after the first reaction (or after the reaction is carried out until the viscosity of the system is stable), adding 10-30 wt% of the total amount of the mixture; and finally adding the rest amount after the second reaction is finished (or the reaction is carried out until the viscosity of the system is stable), and controlling the reaction temperature of the reaction system to be lower than 60 ℃ until the reaction is complete. In one embodiment, the reaction time of the first reaction is 20-60 min, and/or the reaction time of the second reaction is 20-60 min.
As an embodiment, when the isophthaloyl dichloride can be added into the solution in the step (1) 2 times, 70-85 wt% of the total amount of isophthaloyl dichloride is added for the first time, and the rest amount is added after the reaction is finished.
As an embodiment, the isophthaloyl dichloride can be added into the solution in the step (1) 5 times, the isophthaloyl dichloride is added for the first time by 60-70 wt% of the total amount, 10-15 wt% of the isophthaloyl dichloride is added for the second time after the reaction is finished, 5-10 wt% of the isophthaloyl dichloride is added for the third time after the reaction is finished, 5-10 wt% of the isophthaloyl dichloride is added for the fourth time after the reaction is finished, and the rest amount of the isophthaloyl dichloride is added finally after the reaction is finished.
As an embodiment, the pH value of the solution in the step (2) is adjusted to be neutral by adding metal hydroxide or metal oxide, and the pH value can be adjusted to be 6-8. As an embodiment, the metal hydroxide includes calcium hydroxide and/or magnesium hydroxide, and the metal oxide includes calcium oxide and/or magnesium oxide.
The technical scheme is that a low-temperature solution polycondensation method is adopted, isophthaloyl dichloride is added for N times, and m-phenylenediamine and alkyl diamine H are added2N-M-NH2And three diamine monomers comprising halogenated diamine monomers and the like are used for preparing the modified meta-aramid polymer, the prepared solution has good stability (less side reaction products are generated after the solution is placed for one month), the prepared modified meta-aramid polymer has chlorine resistance and lower characteristic viscosity, and the preparation method is simple and easy to operate.
In addition, the invention also aims to provide a hollow fiber membrane prepared by adopting the modified meta-aramid polymer, which is prepared from raw materials such as a membrane casting solution and a composite supporting solution, wherein the membrane casting solution comprises the modified meta-aramid polymer, an organic solvent and an additive; the composite supporting liquid comprises an organic solvent and deionized water. Wherein, the modified meta-aramid polymer can comprise one or more modified meta-aramid polymers prepared as described above, i.e. m-phenylenediamine and alkyl diamine H are adopted2N-M-NH2And different halogenated diamine monomers and the like, and m-phthaloyl chloride; it also can contain one or more modified meta-aramid polymers obtained by polycondensation of the same three diamine monomers with isophthaloyl dichloride under different polycondensation conditions. As an embodiment, the composite proppant may further include an alcohol and/or a surfactant.
As an embodiment, the casting solution comprises 10-25 wt% of modified meta-aramid polymer, 50-85 wt% of organic solvent and 5-30 wt% of additive. When a plurality of modified meta-polymers are added into the casting solution, the total amount of the added modified meta-aramid polymers is still 10-25 wt%, and preferably, the amount of each modified meta-polymer is equal to the total amount.
As an embodiment, the composite supporting fluid comprises 10-70 wt% of organic solvent, 0-20 wt% of alcohol, 0-5 wt% of surfactant and 30-90 wt% of deionized water. The composite propping solution can only contain organic solvent and deionized water, and as an embodiment, the composite propping solution can also contain alcohol or surfactant, or both alcohol and surfactant.
As an embodiment, the organic solvent is at least one of N, N-dimethylformamide, N-dimethylacetamide, and N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethylsulfoxide, and triethyl phosphate. When two or more organic solvents are added, the total amount of the organic solvent added remains unchanged.
In one embodiment, the additive comprises an organic additive and an inorganic additive, wherein the organic additive accounts for 5-30 wt% of the weight of the casting solution, and the inorganic additive accounts for 0-10 wt% of the weight of the casting solution. The additive can comprise one or more organic additives and one or more inorganic additives, and when more than two additives are added, the total addition amount of the additives is not changed and still is 5-30 wt% of the total amount of the casting solution.
In one embodiment, the organic additive is at least one of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), tween type emulsifier, and triton type emulsifier. Wherein the polyvinylpyrrolidone is PVP K30 or PVP K90; the polyethylene glycol can be at least one of polyethylene glycol 200, polyethylene glycol 350, polyethylene glycol 550, polyethylene glycol 600, polyethylene glycol 750, polyethylene glycol 1000, polyethylene glycol 2000, polyethylene glycol 5000, etc.; the polyvinyl alcohol can be at least one of polyvinyl alcohol 124, polyvinyl alcohol 350, polyvinyl alcohol 500, polyvinyl alcohol 1788, polyvinyl alcohol 1795, polyvinyl alcohol 1797, polyvinyl alcohol 1799, etc.; the Tween emulsifier can be at least one of Tween-20, Tween-40, Tween-60, Tween-80, Tween-85, etc.; the Triton emulsifier can be at least one of Triton X-100, Triton X-305, Triton X-405, Triton X-705, etc. When the types of the organic additives are more than two, the total amount of the added additives is unchanged and still ranges from 5 wt% to 30 wt%.
In one embodiment, the inorganic additive is at least one of lithium chloride, lithium nitrate, sodium acetate, sodium nitrate, calcium chloride, silica, carbon nanotubes, molecular sieves, and resins. When the types of the inorganic additives are more than two, the total amount of the additives is unchanged and is still 0-10 wt%.
In the preparation of the composite supporting fluid, as one embodiment, the alcohol is a mono-alcohol and/or a polyhydric alcohol, and the mono-alcohol includes at least one of methanol, ethanol, propanol, and butanol; the polyol comprises at least one of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol and sorbitol. When two or more alcohols are added, the total amount of alcohol added remains unchanged.
In one embodiment, the surfactant is a nonionic surfactant selected from at least one of Span (Span) or Tween (Tween). Wherein Span can be selected from at least one of Span-20, Span-40, Span-60, Span-65, Span-80, Span-85, etc.; the Tween can be at least one selected from Tween-20, Tween-40, Tween-60, Tween-80, Tween-85, etc.
Finally, it is a fourth object of the present invention to provide a method for preparing the above hollow fiber membrane by using an immersion precipitation phase inversion method, comprising the steps of:
(1) mixing and dissolving an organic solvent and an additive, and adding a modified meta-aramid polymer to prepare a membrane casting solution;
(2) mixing an organic solvent, alcohol and/or a surfactant and deionized water to prepare a composite supporting liquid;
(3) spraying the casting solution and the composite supporting solution together through a spray head;
(4) immersing the jet of the step (3) into the immersion liquid and the gel liquid in sequence, or immersing the jet into the gel liquid and the immersion liquid in sequence, and solidifying the jet into film yarns by fully gelling;
(5) and rinsing the membrane filaments, removing the additive and the solvent, and drying to obtain the hollow fiber membrane.
In addition to the above 5 steps, the method can also comprise collecting the membrane filaments obtained in the step (5) into bundles for packaging the hollow fiber membrane module, storing and the like. Wherein, the hollow fiber membrane can be assembled by single or a plurality of membrane filaments prepared in the step (5).
In the step (1) of the preparation method, as an implementation mode, after the modified meta-aramid polymer is added, the modified meta-aramid polymer is heated, stirred and dissolved (the modified meta-aramid polymer can be stirred and dissolved at 50-90 ℃), and then the uniform phase/homogeneous phase casting solution is prepared after the modified meta-aramid polymer is fully defoamed under the constant temperature vacuum condition.
In one embodiment, a central tube is arranged in the nozzle in the step (3), the outlet of the central tube is flush with the nozzle, and the composite supporting liquid is placed in the central tube and is sprayed out together with the casting solution which is placed in the gap between the central tube and the nozzle.
In one embodiment, the immersion liquid contains 0 to 60 wt% of organic solvent, 0 to 10 wt% of alcohol and 30 to 100 wt% of deionized water. In one embodiment, the immersion liquid comprises 10 to 50 wt% of organic solvent, 2 to 8 wt% of alcohol and 40 to 90 wt% of deionized water. The immersion liquid may contain only deionized water, and preferably may contain an organic solvent and further may contain an alcohol in addition to deionized water. In one embodiment, the immersion liquid has a temperature of 5-80 ℃ and a membrane filament residence time of 2-10 s. In one embodiment, the immersion liquid has a temperature of 20-60 ℃ and a membrane filament residence time of 4-8 s.
In one embodiment, the gel solution contains 0 to 30 wt% of an organic solvent and 70 to 100 wt% of deionized water. As an embodiment, the gel liquid contains 10 to 20 wt% of organic solvent and 80 to 90 wt% of deionized water, and the gel liquid may contain only deionized water. As an embodiment, it may further contain an organic solvent. As an implementation mode, the temperature of the gel liquid is 10-80 ℃, and the residence time of the membrane yarns is 2 min-10 h. As an implementation mode, the temperature of the gel liquid is 20-60 ℃, and the residence time of the membrane yarns is 10 min-8 h.
As an embodiment, the nozzle in step (3), here, the nozzle can be selected from the common devices used by those skilled in the art for preparing hollow fiber membranes, that is, the nozzle is provided with a central tube, the outlet of the central tube is flush with the nozzle, the composite supporting liquid is placed in the central tube, and is sprayed together with the casting solution placed in the space between the central tube and the nozzle, and after the spray is evaporated, the spray is sequentially immersed into the immersion liquid and the gel liquid, or sequentially immersed into the gel liquid and the immersion liquid for gel curing to form membrane filaments. Rinsing the membrane filaments with deionized water for 3-5 times, and drying in an oven at 30-80 ℃.
The single hollow fiber membrane yarn prepared by the preparation method has the outer diameter of 0.6-1.5 mm, the inner diameter of 0.5-1.2 mm, the pore diameter distribution of 1-50 nm, the tensile strength of 2-10 MPa, the elongation at break of 60-200%, and the pure water flux of 20-900L/(m) under the pressure condition of 0.1MPa2·h)。
By adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the following beneficial effects can be obtained:
(1) the solution prepared by adopting various diamine monomers, adding isophthaloyl dichloride for multiple times, performing low-temperature polycondensation and the like has good stability, contains 30-50 wt% of modified meta-aramid polymer, and is simple in preparation process, easy to operate and suitable for industrial production;
(2) the prepared modified meta-aramid polymer has chlorine resistance and lower characteristic viscosity on the basis of keeping the original performances of temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, high strength and the like, and the preparation process is simple, easy to operate and suitable for industrial production;
(3) the main chain of the modified meta-aramid polymer is still in zigzag ordered arrangement, so that the meta-aramid polymer has good film-forming property; in addition, the modified chitosan has a large number of amide, amino, halogen and other hydrophilic groups, has good hydrophilicity, can well solve the problem of dry-state preservation of membrane filaments, and can prolong the preservation time;
(4) the prepared modified meta-aramid polymer is more suitable for being spun into hollow fiber membranes, flat membranes and the like;
(5) the prepared modified meta-aramid polymer has good chlorine resistance, and can enlarge the use conditions of the hollow fiber membrane made of the aramid polymer and prolong the service life of the hollow fiber membrane.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail in the following specific examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples, and other examples may be substituted for some of the elements in an equivalent manner. Examples 1 to 16 are examples of producing a modified meta-aramid polymer, and examples 17 to 21 are examples of producing a modified meta-aramid hollow fiber membrane.
Preparation of (I) modified meta-aramid polymer
The preparation method of the modified meta-aramid polymer comprises the following steps: (1) m-phenylenediamine and alkyl diamine H2N-M-NH2And three diamine monomers comprising halogenated diamine monomer and the like are dissolved in organic solvents such as DMAc, DMF or NMP and the like to prepare a solution containing 1.9-5.4 mol/L of diamine monomer; (2) adding m-phthaloyl chloride into the solution obtained in the step (1) for reaction for N times, adjusting the pH value of the solution to be neutral (the pH value can be between 6 and 8) after the reaction is completed, and obtaining a solution containing 30 to 50 wt% of modified meta-aramid polymer, wherein N is not less than 2 and not more than 5, and N is a positive integer, in the following specific examples 1 to 13, N is 3, in example 14, N is 2, and in example 15, N is 5.
In the following examples, isophthaloyl dichloride with m-phenylenediamine and alkyldiamine H2N-M-NH2And halogenated diamine monomer at a molar ratio of (0.95-1.05): 1, wherein the m-phenylenediamine accounts for m-phenylenediamine and alkyldiamine H2N-M-NH2And alkyl diamine H with the molar ratio of 50% to over of that of the halogenated diamine monomer2N-M-NH2Based on the molar amount of the alkyldiamine H2N-M-NH2And the total mole number of the diamine monomer containing the halogen is 50% or more, and the intrinsic viscosity of the prepared modified meta-aramid polymer can be controlled to be 1.0-3.5 dl/g by changing the mole ratio of the isophthaloyl dichloride to the three diamine monomers and the mole ratio of the three diamine monomers.
Example 1
42.45mL of DMAc solvent, 0.077mol of m-phenylenediamine, 0.0385mol of ethylenediamine and 0.0385mol of 4-fluoro-1, 3-phenylenediamine were put into a four-necked flask and dissolved by stirring. Adjusting the reaction temperature to-25 ℃, adding 0.1155mol of isophthaloyl dichloride, controlling the reaction temperature of a reaction system to be lower than 0 ℃, continuing to add 0.0262mol of isophthaloyl dichloride after the viscosity of the system is stable, finally adding 0.0123mol of isophthaloyl dichloride after the viscosity of the system is stable, controlling the reaction temperature to be lower than 60 ℃ until the reaction is complete, adding 0.154mol of calcium hydroxide, and continuing to stir until the pH value is 7. At this time, the content of the modified meta-aramid polymer in the solution was 42 wt%. And taking out a small part of the solution, diluting the solution with deionized water to obtain a modified meta-aramid polymer, continuously washing the polymer with the deionized water for three times, drying the polymer in a vacuum drying oven at 120 ℃, and measuring the intrinsic viscosity of the polymer in 98% concentrated sulfuric acid to be 2.26 dl/g.
Example 2
Under the protection of nitrogen, 68.9mL of DMAc solvent, 0.077mol of m-phenylenediamine, 0.0385mol of hexamethylenediamine and 0.0385mol of 4-chloro-1, 3-phenylenediamine are added into a 1L four-port bottle provided with a mechanical stirrer and a thermometer, and stirred under the protection of nitrogen at normal temperature until the solute is completely dissolved. Adjusting the reaction temperature to-25 ℃ by using a freezing bath, adding 0.1155mol of isophthaloyl dichloride under stirring, controlling the reaction temperature of a reaction system to be lower than 0 ℃, continuing to add 0.0262mol of isophthaloyl dichloride after the viscosity of the system is stable, finally adding 0.0123mol of isophthaloyl dichloride after the viscosity of the system is stable, thickening the solution, raising the temperature, adjusting the stirring speed and controlling the reaction temperature to be lower than 60 ℃ until the reaction is complete, adding 0.154mol of calcium hydroxide, and continuing to stir until the neutralization is complete. At this time, the content of the modified meta-aramid polymer in the solution was 38 wt%. And taking out a small part of the solution, diluting the solution with deionized water to obtain a modified meta-aramid polymer, continuously washing the polymer with the deionized water for three times, drying the polymer in a vacuum drying oven at 120 ℃, and measuring the intrinsic viscosity of the polymer in 98% concentrated sulfuric acid to be 1.51 dl/g.
Example 3
66.21mL of DMAc solvent, 0.077mol of m-phenylenediamine, 0.0385mol of dodecanediamine and 0.0385mol of 5-trifluoromethyl-1, 3-phenylenediamine are added into a 1L four-port bottle with a mechanical stirrer and a thermometer under the protection of nitrogen, and stirred under the condition of normal temperature and the protection of nitrogen until the solute is completely dissolved. Adjusting the reaction temperature to-25 ℃ by using a freezing bath, adding 0.1155mol of isophthaloyl dichloride under stirring, controlling the reaction temperature of a reaction system to be lower than 0 ℃, continuing to add 0.0262mol of isophthaloyl dichloride after the viscosity of the system is stable, finally adding 0.0123mol of isophthaloyl dichloride after the viscosity of the system is stable, thickening the solution, raising the temperature, adjusting the stirring speed and controlling the reaction temperature to be lower than 60 ℃ until the reaction is complete, adding 0.154mol of calcium hydroxide, and continuing to stir until the neutralization is complete. At this time, the content of the modified meta-aramid polymer in the solution was 38 wt%. And taking out a small part of the solution, diluting the solution with deionized water to obtain a modified meta-aramid polymer, continuously washing the polymer with the deionized water for three times, drying the polymer in a vacuum drying oven at 120 ℃, and measuring the intrinsic viscosity of the polymer in 98% concentrated sulfuric acid to be 1.98 dl/g.
Example 4
Under the protection of nitrogen, 50.28mL of DMAc solvent, 0.1386mol of m-phenylenediamine, 0.0077mol of hexamethylenediamine and 0.0077mol of 2,4, 5-trifluoro-1, 3-phenylenediamine are added into a 1L four-hole bottle provided with a mechanical stirring thermometer, and the mixture is stirred under the protection of nitrogen at normal temperature until the solute is completely dissolved. Adjusting the reaction temperature to-25 ℃ by using a freezing bath, adding 0.1155mol of isophthaloyl dichloride under stirring, controlling the reaction temperature of a reaction system to be lower than 0 ℃, continuing to add 0.0262mol of isophthaloyl dichloride after the viscosity of the system is stable, finally adding 0.0123mol of isophthaloyl dichloride after the viscosity of the system is stable, thickening the solution, raising the temperature, adjusting the stirring speed and controlling the reaction temperature to be lower than 60 ℃ until the reaction is complete, adding 0.154mol of calcium hydroxide, and continuing to stir until the neutralization is complete. At this time, the content of the modified meta-aramid polymer in the solution was 40 wt%. And taking out a small part of the solution, diluting the solution with deionized water to obtain a modified meta-aramid polymer, continuously washing the polymer with the deionized water for three times, drying the polymer in a vacuum drying oven at 120 ℃, and measuring the intrinsic viscosity of the polymer in 98% concentrated sulfuric acid to be 3.48 dl/g.
Example 5
66.79mL of DMAc solvent, 0.077mol of m-phenylenediamine, 0.0616mol of hexamethylenediamine and 0.0154mol of 4-chloro-1, 3-phenylenediamine are added into a 1L four-port bottle with a mechanical stirrer and a thermometer under the protection of nitrogen, and stirred under the protection of nitrogen at normal temperature until the solute is completely dissolved. Adjusting the reaction temperature to-25 ℃ by using a freezing bath, adding 0.1283mol of isophthaloyl chloride under stirring, controlling the reaction temperature of a reaction system to be lower than 0 ℃, continuing to add 0.0075mol of isophthaloyl chloride after the reaction system viscosity is stable, finally adding 0.0151mol of isophthaloyl chloride after the reaction system viscosity is stable, starting thickening the solution, raising the temperature, adjusting the stirring speed and controlling the reaction temperature to be lower than 60 ℃ until the reaction is complete, and continuing to stir after 0.154mol of calcium hydroxide is added until the neutralization is complete. At this time, the content of the modified meta-aramid polymer in the solution was 35 wt%. And taking out a small part of the solution, diluting the solution with deionized water to obtain a modified meta-aramid polymer, continuously washing the polymer with the deionized water for three times, drying the polymer in a vacuum drying oven at 120 ℃, and measuring the intrinsic viscosity of the polymer in 98% concentrated sulfuric acid to be 1.24 dl/g.
Example 6
Under the protection of nitrogen, 28.5mL of DMAc solvent, 0.077mol of m-phenylenediamine, 0.0616mol of hexamethylenediamine and 0.0154mol of 4-chloro-1, 3-phenylenediamine are added into a 1L four-port bottle provided with a mechanical stirrer and a thermometer, and stirred under the protection of nitrogen at normal temperature until the solute is completely dissolved. Adjusting the reaction temperature to-20 ℃ by using a freezing bath, adding 0.1021mol of isophthaloyl chloride under stirring, controlling the reaction temperature of a reaction system to be lower than 0 ℃, continuously adding 0.0471mol of isophthaloyl chloride after the viscosity of the system is stable, finally adding 0.0079mol of isophthaloyl chloride after the viscosity of the system is stable, starting thickening the solution, raising the temperature, adjusting the stirring speed and controlling the reaction temperature to be lower than 60 ℃ until the reaction is complete, adding 0.1571mol of calcium hydroxide, and continuously stirring until the reaction is complete. At this time, the content of the modified meta-aramid polymer in the solution was 50 wt%. And taking out a small part of the solution, diluting the solution with deionized water to obtain a modified meta-aramid polymer, continuously washing the polymer with the deionized water for three times, drying the polymer in a vacuum drying oven at 120 ℃, and measuring the intrinsic viscosity of the polymer in 98% concentrated sulfuric acid to be 1.89 dl/g.
Example 7
80.55mL of DMAc solvent, 0.077mol of m-phenylenediamine, 0.0616mol of hexamethylenediamine and 0.0154mol of 4-chloro-1, 3-phenylenediamine are added into a 1L four-port bottle with a mechanical stirrer and a thermometer under the protection of nitrogen, and stirred under the protection of nitrogen at normal temperature until the solute is completely dissolved. Adjusting the reaction temperature to-15 ℃ by using a freezing bath, adding 0.1283mol of isophthaloyl chloride under stirring, controlling the reaction temperature of a reaction system to be lower than 0 ℃, continuing to add 0.0151mol of isophthaloyl chloride after the viscosity of the system is stable, finally adding 0.0075mol of isophthaloyl chloride after the viscosity of the system is stable, thickening the solution, raising the temperature, adjusting the stirring speed and controlling the reaction temperature to be lower than 60 ℃ until the reaction is complete, adding 0.1509mol of magnesium hydroxide, and continuing to stir until the neutralization is complete. At this time, the content of the modified meta-aramid polymer in the solution was 30 wt%. And taking out a small part of the solution, diluting the solution with deionized water to obtain a modified meta-aramid polymer, continuously washing the polymer with the deionized water for three times, drying the polymer in a vacuum drying oven at 120 ℃, and measuring the intrinsic viscosity of the polymer in 98% concentrated sulfuric acid to be 1.04 dl/g.
Example 8
Under the protection of nitrogen, 78.93mL of DMAc solvent, 0.077mol of m-phenylenediamine, 0.0385mol of hexamethylenediamine and 0.0385mol of alpha, alpha-trifluoromethyl-2, 5-diaminobenzyl alcohol are added into a 1L four-port bottle provided with a mechanical stirring thermometer, and stirred under the protection of nitrogen at normal temperature until the solute is completely dissolved. Adjusting the reaction temperature to-25 ℃ by using a freezing bath, adding 0.1155mol of isophthaloyl dichloride under stirring, controlling the reaction temperature of a reaction system to be lower than 0 ℃, continuing to add 0.0262mol of isophthaloyl dichloride after the viscosity of the system is stable, finally adding 0.0123mol of isophthaloyl dichloride after the viscosity of the system is stable, thickening the solution, raising the temperature, adjusting the stirring speed and controlling the reaction temperature to be lower than 60 ℃ until the reaction is complete, adding 0.154mol of calcium hydroxide, and continuing to stir until the neutralization is complete. At this time, the content of the modified meta-aramid polymer in the solution was 35 wt%. And taking out a small part of the solution, diluting the solution with deionized water to obtain a modified meta-aramid polymer, continuously washing the polymer with the deionized water for three times, drying the polymer in a vacuum drying oven at 120 ℃, and measuring the intrinsic viscosity of the polymer in 98% concentrated sulfuric acid to be 1.74 dl/g.
Example 9
Under the protection of nitrogen, 67.62mL of DMAc solvent, 0.077mol of m-phenylenediamine, 0.0385mol of hexamethylenediamine and 0.0385mol of 2-trifluoromethyl-1, 4-phenylenediamine are added into a 1L four-port bottle provided with a mechanical stirring thermometer, and stirred under the protection of nitrogen at normal temperature until the solute is completely dissolved. Adjusting the reaction temperature to-25 ℃ by using a freezing bath, adding 0.1155mol of isophthaloyl dichloride under stirring, controlling the reaction temperature of a reaction system to be lower than 0 ℃, continuing to add 0.0262mol of isophthaloyl dichloride after the viscosity of the system is stable, finally adding 0.0123mol of isophthaloyl dichloride after the viscosity of the system is stable, thickening the solution, raising the temperature, adjusting the stirring speed and controlling the reaction temperature to be lower than 60 ℃ until the reaction is complete, adding 0.154mol of calcium hydroxide, and continuing to stir until the neutralization is complete. At this time, the content of the modified meta-aramid polymer in the solution was 36 wt%. And taking out a small part of the solution, diluting the solution with deionized water to obtain a modified meta-aramid polymer, continuously washing the polymer with the deionized water for three times, drying the polymer in a vacuum drying oven at 120 ℃, and measuring the intrinsic viscosity of the polymer in 98% concentrated sulfuric acid to be 1.68 dl/g.
Example 10
61.64mL of DMAc solvent, 0.077mol of m-phenylenediamine, 0.0385mol of hexamethylenediamine and 0.0385mol of 4-trifluoromethoxy-1, 3-phenylenediamine are added into a 1L four-port bottle with a mechanical stirrer and a thermometer under the protection of nitrogen, and stirred under the normal temperature condition until the solute is completely dissolved under the protection of nitrogen. Adjusting the reaction temperature to-25 ℃ by using a freezing bath, adding 0.1155mol of isophthaloyl dichloride under stirring, controlling the reaction temperature of a reaction system to be lower than 0 ℃, continuing to add 0.0262mol of isophthaloyl dichloride after the viscosity of the system is stable, finally adding 0.0123mol of isophthaloyl dichloride after the viscosity of the system is stable, thickening the solution, raising the temperature, adjusting the stirring speed and controlling the reaction temperature to be lower than 60 ℃ until the reaction is complete, adding 0.154mol of calcium hydroxide, and continuing to stir until the neutralization is complete. At this time, the content of the modified meta-aramid polymer in the solution was 38 wt%. And taking out a small part of the solution, diluting the solution with deionized water to obtain a modified meta-aramid polymer, continuously washing the polymer with the deionized water for three times, drying the polymer in a vacuum drying oven at 120 ℃, and measuring the intrinsic viscosity of the polymer in 98% concentrated sulfuric acid to be 1.78 dl/g.
Example 11
Under the protection of nitrogen, 49.4mL of DMAc solvent, 0.077mol of m-phenylenediamine, 0.0385mol of butanediamine and 0.0385mol of 4-fluoro-1, 3-phenylenediamine are added into a 1L four-port bottle provided with a mechanical stirrer and a thermometer, and stirred under the protection of nitrogen at normal temperature until the solute is completely dissolved. Adjusting the reaction temperature to-25 ℃ by using a freezing bath, adding 0.1155mol of isophthaloyl dichloride under stirring, controlling the reaction temperature of a reaction system to be lower than 0 ℃, continuing to add 0.0262mol of isophthaloyl dichloride after the viscosity of the system is stable, finally adding 0.0123mol of isophthaloyl dichloride after the viscosity of the system is stable, thickening the solution, raising the temperature, adjusting the stirring speed and controlling the reaction temperature to be lower than 60 ℃ until the reaction is complete, adding 0.154mol of calcium hydroxide, and continuing to stir until the neutralization is complete. At this time, the content of the modified meta-aramid polymer in the solution was 40 wt%. And taking out a small part of the solution, diluting the solution with deionized water to obtain a modified meta-aramid polymer, continuously washing the polymer with the deionized water for three times, drying the polymer in a vacuum drying oven at 120 ℃, and measuring the intrinsic viscosity of the polymer in 98% concentrated sulfuric acid to be 2.02 dl/g.
Example 12
Under the protection of nitrogen, 64.66mL of DMAc solvent, 0.077mol of m-phenylenediamine, 0.0385mol of hexamethylene diamine and 0.0385mol of 2-trifluoromethyl-1, 4-phenylenediamine are added into a 1L four-port bottle provided with a mechanical stirring thermometer, and stirred under the protection of nitrogen at normal temperature until the solute is completely dissolved. Adjusting the reaction temperature to-25 ℃ by using a freezing bath, adding 0.1097mol of isophthaloyl chloride under stirring, controlling the reaction temperature of a reaction system to be lower than 0 ℃, continuing to add 0.0249mol of isophthaloyl chloride after the viscosity of the system is stable, finally adding 0.0117mol of isophthaloyl chloride after the viscosity of the system is stable, starting thickening the solution, raising the temperature, adjusting the stirring speed and controlling the reaction temperature to be lower than 60 ℃ until the reaction is complete, adding 0.154mol of calcium hydroxide, and continuing to stir until the neutralization is complete. At this time, the content of the modified meta-aramid polymer in the solution was 36 wt%. And taking out a small part of the solution, diluting the solution with deionized water to obtain a modified meta-aramid polymer, continuously washing the polymer with the deionized water for three times, drying the polymer in a vacuum drying oven at 120 ℃, and measuring the intrinsic viscosity of the polymer in 98% concentrated sulfuric acid to be 1.33 dl/g.
Example 13
Under the protection of nitrogen, 70.12mL of DMAc solvent, 0.077mol of m-phenylenediamine, 0.0385mol of hexamethylenediamine and 0.0385mol of 2-trifluoromethyl-1, 4-phenylenediamine are added into a 1L four-port bottle provided with a mechanical stirring thermometer, and stirred under the protection of nitrogen at normal temperature until the solute is completely dissolved. Adjusting the reaction temperature to-25 ℃ by using a freezing bath, adding 0.1216mol of isophthaloyl chloride under stirring, controlling the reaction temperature of a reaction system to be lower than 0 ℃, continuing to add 0.0276mol of isophthaloyl chloride after the reaction system is stable in viscosity, finally adding 0.0129mol of isophthaloyl chloride after the reaction system is stable in viscosity, starting thickening the solution, raising the temperature, adjusting the stirring speed and controlling the reaction temperature to be lower than 60 ℃ until the reaction is complete, adding 0.162mol of calcium hydroxide, and continuing to stir until the neutralization is complete. At this time, the content of the modified meta-aramid polymer in the solution was 36 wt%. And taking out a small part of the solution, diluting the solution with deionized water to obtain a modified meta-aramid polymer, continuously washing the polymer with the deionized water for three times, drying the polymer in a vacuum drying oven at 120 ℃, and measuring the intrinsic viscosity of the polymer in 98% concentrated sulfuric acid to be 1.95 dl/g.
Example 14
Under the protection of nitrogen, 68.9mL of DMAc solvent, 0.077mol of m-phenylenediamine, 0.0385mol of hexamethylenediamine and 0.0385mol of 4-chloro-1, 3-phenylenediamine are added into a 1L four-port bottle provided with a mechanical stirrer and a thermometer, and stirred under the protection of nitrogen at normal temperature until the solute is completely dissolved. Regulating the reaction temperature to-25 ℃ by using a freezing bath, adding 0.1232mol of isophthaloyl dichloride under stirring, controlling the reaction temperature of a reaction system to be lower than 0 ℃, after the viscosity of the system is stable, finally adding 0.0308mol of isophthaloyl dichloride, starting thickening the solution, raising the temperature, regulating the stirring speed, controlling the reaction temperature to be lower than 60 ℃ until the reaction is complete, adding 0.154mol of calcium hydroxide, and then continuously stirring until the reaction is complete. At this time, the content of the modified meta-aramid polymer in the solution was 35 wt%. And taking out a small part of the solution, diluting the small part of the solution with deionized water to obtain a modified meta-aramid polymer, continuously washing the polymer with the deionized water for three times, drying the polymer in a vacuum drying oven at 120 ℃, and measuring the intrinsic viscosity of the polymer in concentrated sulfuric acid to be 1.22 dl/g.
Example 15
Under the protection of nitrogen, 68.9mL of DMAc solvent, 0.077mol of m-phenylenediamine, 0.0385mol of hexamethylenediamine and 0.0385mol of 4-chloro-1, 3-phenylenediamine are added into a 1L four-port bottle provided with a mechanical stirrer and a thermometer, and stirred under the protection of nitrogen at normal temperature until the solute is completely dissolved. Adjusting the reaction temperature to-25 ℃ by using a freezing bath, adding 0.1078mol of isophthaloyl chloride under stirring, controlling the reaction temperature of a reaction system to be lower than 0 ℃, continuously adding 0.0154mol of isophthaloyl chloride after the viscosity of the system is stable, controlling the reaction temperature of the reaction system to be lower than 0 ℃, continuously adding 0.0077mol of isophthaloyl chloride after the viscosity of the system is stable, controlling the reaction temperature of the reaction system to be lower than 0 ℃, finally adding 0.0077mol of isophthaloyl chloride after the viscosity of the system is stable, starting thickening the solution, raising the temperature, adjusting the stirring speed, controlling the reaction temperature to be lower than 60 ℃ until the reaction is complete, and continuously stirring until the solution is completely neutralized after 0.154mol of calcium hydroxide is added. At this time, the content of the modified meta-aramid polymer in the solution was 35 wt%. And taking out a small part of the solution, diluting the small part of the solution with deionized water to obtain a modified meta-aramid polymer, continuously washing the polymer with the deionized water for three times, drying the polymer in a vacuum drying oven at 120 ℃, and measuring the intrinsic viscosity of the polymer in concentrated sulfuric acid to be 1.69 dl/g.
Example 16
In contrast to example 2, hexamethylenediamine was replaced by dodecanediamine, and the modified meta-aramid polymer content in the solution obtained was 38 wt%. And taking out a small part of the solution, diluting the solution with deionized water to obtain a modified meta-aramid polymer, continuously washing the polymer with the deionized water for three times, drying the polymer in a vacuum drying oven at 120 ℃, and measuring the intrinsic viscosity of the polymer in 98% concentrated sulfuric acid to be 2.08 dl/g.
As can be seen from the above examples, the prepared modified meta-aramid polymer has a low intrinsic viscosity (measured by reference to the viscosity numbers of the polymer in dilute solution and intrinsic viscosity numbers in GB/T1632-1993), which is substantially less than 3dl/g, so that the polymer is more suitable for spinning into hollow fiber membranes, flat sheet membranes and the like.
(II) preparation of hollow fiber Membrane
The preparation method of the hollow fiber membrane comprises the following steps: (1) mixing and dissolving 50-85 wt% of organic solvent and 5-30 wt% of additive, and adding 10-25 wt% of the prepared modified meta-aramid polymer to prepare a casting solution; (2) mixing 10-70 wt% of organic solvent, 0-20 wt% of alcohol, 0-5 wt% of surfactant and 30-90 wt% of deionized water to prepare a composite supporting liquid; (3) spraying the casting solution and the composite support solution together through a spray head, wherein the spray head is internally provided with a central pipe, the outlet of the central pipe is flush with the spray head, and the composite support solution is arranged in the central pipe and is sprayed together with the casting solution arranged in the gap between the central pipe and the spray head; (4) immersing the ejecta in the step (3) into the immersion liquid at 5-80 ℃ and the gel liquid at 10-80 ℃ in sequence, or immersing the ejecta into the gel liquid and the immersion liquid in sequence, so that the ejecta is fully solidified into membrane wires by gel; wherein the immersion liquid contains 0-60 wt% of organic solvent, 0-10 wt% of alcohol and 30-100 wt% of deionized water, and the residence time of the membrane filaments in the immersion liquid is 2-10 s; the gel liquid contains 0-30 wt% of organic solvent and 70-100 wt% of deionized water, and the residence time of the membrane filaments in the gel liquid is 2 min-10 h; (5) and rinsing the membrane filaments, removing the additive and the solvent, and drying in an oven at 30-80 ℃ to obtain the modified meta-aramid hollow fiber membrane. Besides, the membrane filaments obtained in the step (5) can be collected into membrane bundles for packaging or storing components and the like.
The following specific examples are merely preferred examples of hollow fiber membranes prepared by selecting the modified meta-aramid polymers prepared in some of the foregoing examples 1 to 15, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and may be other examples not mentioned, as long as the scope of the present invention is not exceeded.
The hollow fiber membrane threads obtained in examples 17 to 21 were simultaneously subjected to a chlorine resistance test, and a hollow fiber membrane thread obtained from aramid 1313 slurry purchased from tai and novelties under the same conditions was used as a comparative example. The testing method comprises the steps of soaking the membrane filaments in 2000ppm sodium hypochlorite for 1 hour, and then carrying out performance testing. The strength of the film yarn of the comparative example was severely attenuated after soaking in 2000ppm sodium hypochlorite for 1h, wherein the tensile strength was reduced by 40% and the elongation was reduced by 68%.
Example 17
Preparing a casting solution: 1000g of the solution containing the modified meta-aramid polymer obtained in example 9 was taken, 48g of calcium chloride, 2000192 g of polyethylene glycol and DMAc1160g were added, stirred at room temperature until completely dissolved, and vacuum defoamed to form a homogeneous casting solution. The casting solution contains 15 wt% of polymer, 2 wt% of calcium chloride, 8 wt% of polyethylene glycol 2000 and 75 wt% of DMAc.
Preparing a composite supporting liquid: DMAc, ethanol and deionized water are stirred and dissolved together, and the composite supporting liquid contains 60 wt% of DMAc, 10 wt% of ethanol and 30 wt% of deionized water.
Preparing a hollow fiber membrane: and (3) spraying the casting solution together with the composite supporting solution in the central pipe of the spray head through the spray head, evaporating the sprayed material, staying in the immersion liquid at 15 ℃ for 10s, staying in the gel liquid at 40 ℃ for 1h, rinsing with deionized water for 3 times, and finally drying in an oven at 60 ℃ to obtain the modified meta-aramid hollow fiber membrane. Wherein the immersion liquid contains 40 wt% of DMF, 8 wt% of alcohol and 52 wt% of deionized water; the gel solution contains 20 wt% of DMF and 80 wt% of deionized water.
Testing the performance of a single membrane wire: the inner diameter of the membrane wire is 0.8mm, and the outer diameter is 1.2 mm; the average pore diameter is 5.8 nm; elongation at break 85%; the tensile strength is 3.5 MPa; the pure water flux can reach 412L/(m) under the pressure of 0.1MPa at the temperature of 25 DEG C2·h)。
Testing chlorine resistance of single membrane yarn: the membrane wire is soaked in 2000ppm sodium hypochlorite solution for 1h, and then the performance of the membrane wire is tested, and the result shows that the flux and the aperture of the membrane wire are not changed, and the elongation at break is 80%; tensile strength 3.2 MPa.
Example 18
Preparing a casting solution: 1000g of the solution containing the modified meta-aramid polymer obtained in example 10 was added with 71.25g of lithium chloride, 2000106 g of polyethylene glycol, K90107.75g of polyvinylpyrrolidone and DMAc1090g, heated to 50 ℃ and stirred until completely dissolved, and vacuum defoamed to form a homogeneous casting solution. The casting solution contains 16 wt% of polymer, 3 wt% of lithium chloride, 9 wt% of polyethylene glycol 2000 and polyvinylpyrrolidone K90, and 72 wt% of DMAc.
Preparing a composite supporting liquid: DMAc, ethanol and deionized water are stirred and dissolved together, and the composite supporting liquid contains 40 wt% of DMAc, 8 wt% of ethanol and 52 wt% of deionized water.
Preparing a hollow fiber membrane: and (3) spraying the casting solution and the composite supporting solution in the central tube of the spray head together through the spray head, evaporating the sprayed substance, staying in the immersion liquid at 27 ℃ for 5s, staying in the gel liquid at 60 ℃ for 30min, rinsing with deionized water for 3 times, and finally drying in an oven at 40 ℃ to obtain the modified meta-aramid hollow fiber membrane. Wherein the immersion liquid contains 20 wt% of DMF and 80 wt% of deionized water; the gel liquid is deionized water.
Testing the performance of a single membrane wire: the inner diameter of the membrane wire is 0.6mm, and the outer diameter is 1.0 mm; the average pore diameter is 11.7 nm; elongation at break 106%; the tensile strength is 5.57 MPa; the pure water flux can reach 857L/(m) at 25 ℃ and 0.1MPa2·h)。
Testing chlorine resistance of single membrane yarn: the membrane wire is soaked in 2000ppm sodium hypochlorite solution for 1h, and then the performance of the membrane wire is tested, and the result shows that the flux and the aperture of the membrane wire are not obviously changed, and the breaking elongation is 102%; the tensile strength is 5.4 MPa.
Example 19
Preparing a casting solution: 1000g of the solution containing the modified meta-aramid polymer obtained in example 11 was taken, added with 81.8g of lithium chloride, 800261.8 g of polyethylene glycol and DMAc292.8g, heated to 85 ℃, stirred until completely dissolved, and vacuum defoamed to form a homogeneous casting solution. The casting solution contains 22 wt% of polymer, 5 wt% of lithium chloride, 16 wt% of polyethylene glycol 800 and 57 wt% of DMAc.
Preparing a composite supporting liquid: DMAc and deionized water are stirred and dissolved together, and the composite supporting liquid contains 50 wt% of DMAc and 50 wt% of deionized water.
Preparing a hollow fiber membrane: and (3) spraying the casting solution and the composite supporting solution in the central tube of the spray head through the spray head, evaporating the sprayed substance, staying in the 55 ℃ immersion liquid for 2s, staying in the 75 ℃ gel liquid for 30min, rinsing with deionized water for 3 times, and finally drying in an oven at 80 ℃ to obtain the modified meta-aramid hollow fiber membrane. Wherein the immersion liquid contains 45 wt% of DMF, 5 wt% of alcohol and 50 wt% of deionized water; the gel solution contained 10 wt% DMF and 90 wt% deionized water.
Testing the performance of a single membrane wire: the inner diameter of the membrane wire is 0.7mm, and the outer diameter is 1.3 mm; the average pore diameter is 2.3 nm; elongation at break 170%; the tensile strength is 3.4 MPa; the pure water flux can reach 58L/(m) at 25 ℃ and 0.1MPa2·h)。
Testing chlorine resistance of single membrane yarn: the membrane wire is soaked in 2000ppm sodium hypochlorite solution for 1h, and then the performance of the membrane wire is tested, and the result shows that the flux and the aperture of the membrane wire are not obviously changed, and the elongation at break is 168%; tensile strength 3.3 MPa.
Example 20
Preparing a casting solution: 1000g of the solution containing the modified meta-aramid polymer obtained in example 10 was taken, 45.6g of lithium chloride, 600136.8 g of polyethylene glycol and DMAc337.6g were added, heated to 85 ℃ and stirred until complete dissolution, and vacuum defoamed to form a homogeneous casting solution. The casting solution contained 25 wt% polymer, 3 wt% lithium chloride, 9 wt% polyethylene glycol 600 and 63 wt% DMAc.
Preparing a composite supporting liquid: DMAc, ethanol, Tween-80 and deionized water are stirred and dissolved together, and the composite supporting liquid contains 50 wt% of DMAc, 10% of ethanol, 2% of Tween-80 and 50 wt% of deionized water.
Preparing a hollow fiber membrane: and (2) spraying the casting solution together with the composite supporting solution in the central pipe of the nozzle through a double-sleeve nozzle, evaporating the sprayed material, staying for 2s in the 60-DEG C immersion liquid, staying for 15min in the 80-DEG C gel liquid, rinsing for 3 times by using deionized water, and finally drying in an oven at 80 ℃ to obtain the modified meta-aramid hollow fiber membrane. Wherein the immersion liquid contains 45 wt% of DMF, 5 wt% of alcohol and 50 wt% of deionized water; the gel solution contained 10 wt% DMF and 90 wt% deionized water.
Testing the performance of a single membrane wire: the inner diameter of the membrane wire is 0.7mm, and the outer diameter is 1.3 mm; the average pore diameter is 5.2 nm; elongation at break 98%; the tensile strength is 4.1 MPa; the pure water flux can reach 89L/(m) at 25 ℃ and 0.1MPa2·h)。
Testing chlorine resistance of single membrane yarn: the membrane wire is soaked in 2000ppm sodium hypochlorite solution for 1h, and then the performance of the membrane wire is tested, and the result shows that the flux and the aperture of the membrane wire are not obviously changed, and the breaking elongation is 92%; tensile strength 3.7 MPa.
Example 21
Preparing a casting solution: 1000g of the solution containing the modified meta-aramid polymer obtained in example 7 and example 8 was taken, added with 40.6g of lithium chloride, 100g of polyethylene glycol 400100 g, K3062.5g of polyvinylpyrrolidone and DMAc828.4g, heated to 50 ℃, stirred until complete dissolution, and defoamed in vacuum to form a homogeneous casting solution. The casting solution contains 16 wt% of polymer, 2 wt% of lithium chloride, 8 wt% of polyethylene glycol 400, polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 and 74 wt% of DMAc.
Preparing a composite supporting liquid: DMAc, ethanol and deionized water are stirred and dissolved together, and the composite supporting liquid contains 40 wt% of DMAc, 8 wt% of ethanol and 52 wt% of deionized water.
Preparing a hollow fiber membrane: and (3) spraying the casting solution together with the composite supporting solution in the central pipe of the spray head through the spray head, evaporating the sprayed substance, staying in the immersion liquid at 27 ℃ for 5s, staying in the gel liquid at 60 ℃ for 2h, rinsing with deionized water for 3 times, and finally drying in an oven at 80 ℃ to obtain the modified meta-aramid hollow fiber membrane. Wherein the immersion liquid contains 20 wt% of DMF and 80 wt% of deionized water; the gel liquid is deionized water.
Testing the performance of a single membrane wire: the inner diameter of the membrane wire is 0.6mm, and the outer diameter is 1.0 mm; the average pore diameter is 7.8 nm; elongation at break 126%; the tensile strength is 3.8 MPa; the pure water flux can reach 225L/(m) under the pressure of 0.1MPa at the temperature of 25 DEG C2·h)。
Testing chlorine resistance of single membrane yarn: the membrane wire is soaked in 2000ppm sodium hypochlorite solution for 1h, and then the performance of the membrane wire is tested, and the result shows that the flux and the aperture of the membrane wire are not obviously changed, and the breaking elongation is 120%; tensile strength 3.5 MPa.
From the performance tests of the above examples 17 to 21, it can be seen that the modified meta-aramid polymer prepared by the present invention has good chlorine resistance, and the hollow fiber membrane prepared by using the modified meta-aramid polymer is subjected to a performance test after being soaked in a 2000ppm sodium hypochlorite solution for 1 hour, and the results show that the performance of the fiber membrane is slightly changed before and after the fiber membrane is soaked.

Claims (26)

1. ModificationThe preparation method of the meta-aramid polymer is characterized in that the meta-aramid polymer is prepared by polycondensation of diamine monomers and isophthaloyl dichloride; which comprises the following steps: (1) dissolving a diamine monomer in an organic solvent to prepare a solution; (2) adding m-phthaloyl chloride into the solution obtained in the step (1) for N times for reaction, and adjusting the pH value of the solution to be neutral after the reaction is completed to obtain a solution containing the modified meta-aramid polymer, wherein N is more than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 5, and N is a positive integer; the characteristic viscosity number of the modified meta-aramid polymer is 1.0-3.5 dl/g; the raw materials of the modified meta-aramid polymer comprise diamine monomers and isophthaloyl dichloride; the diamine monomer comprises m-phenylenediamine and alkyl diamine H2N-M-NH2And a halogenated-containing diamine monomer; wherein M is a linear alkyl group containing 2-12 carbon atoms; the diamine monomer containing the halide is one selected from 5-trifluoromethyl-1, 3-phenylenediamine, 4-fluoro-1, 3-phenylenediamine, 4-chloro-1, 3-phenylenediamine, 2,4, 5-trifluoro-1, 3-phenylenediamine, alpha-trifluoromethyl-2, 5-diaminobenzyl alcohol, 2-trifluoromethyl-1, 4-phenylenediamine and 4-trifluoromethoxy-1, 3-phenylenediamine; the molar ratio of the isophthaloyl dichloride to the diamine monomer is (0.95-1.05): 1; the mole number of the m-phenylenediamine is 50% of the mole number of the total diamine monomers; the diamine monomer containing halogen and alkyl diamine H2N-M-NH2The ratio of the number of moles of (a) to (b) is 1: 1.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the alkyldiamine H is selected from the group consisting of2N-M-NH2Wherein M is a linear alkyl group containing 4-8 carbon atoms.
3. The preparation method of the modified meta-aramid polymer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the total concentration of the diamine monomer in the solution of the step (1) is 1.9 to 5.4 mol/L.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the organic solvent is at least one selected from the group consisting of N, N-dimethylformamide, N-dimethylacetamide, and N-methylpyrrolidone.
5. The preparation method of the modified meta-aramid polymer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the isophthaloyl dichloride is added to the solution of step (1) 3 times, the first addition being 65-85 wt% of the total amount; after the first reaction is finished, adding 10-30 wt% of the total amount of the mixture; after the second reaction is finished, the rest amount is added finally until the reaction is complete.
6. The preparation method of the modified meta-aramid polymer as claimed in claim 5, wherein the reaction time of the first reaction is 20-60 min, and/or the reaction time of the second reaction is 20-60 min.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the pH of the solution is adjusted to neutral by adding a metal hydroxide or metal oxide in step (2).
8. The method for preparing the modified meta-aramid polymer according to claim 1, wherein the content of the modified meta-aramid polymer in the solution of the step (2) is 30 to 50 wt%.
9. A modified meta-aramid polymer prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. A meta-aramid hollow fiber membrane is prepared from a membrane casting solution and a composite supporting solution, wherein the membrane casting solution comprises the modified meta-aramid polymer as claimed in claim 9, an organic solvent and an additive; the composite supporting liquid comprises an organic solvent and deionized water.
11. The meta-aramid hollow fiber membrane of claim 10, wherein the composite support fluid further comprises an alcohol and/or a surfactant.
12. The meta-aramid hollow fiber membrane of claim 10, wherein the membrane casting solution comprises 10 to 25 wt% of the modified meta-aramid polymer, 50 to 85 wt% of the organic solvent, and 5 to 30 wt% of the additive.
13. The meta-aramid hollow fiber membrane of claim 11, wherein the composite supporting liquid comprises 10 to 70 wt% of an organic solvent, 0 to 20 wt% of an alcohol, 0 to 5 wt% of a surfactant, and 30 to 90 wt% of deionized water; the contents of alcohol and surfactant in the composite propping fluid cannot be 0 at the same time.
14. The meta-aramid hollow fiber membrane as claimed in claim 10, wherein the additive comprises an organic additive and an inorganic additive, wherein the organic additive accounts for 5-30 wt% of the weight of the membrane casting solution, and the inorganic additive accounts for 0-10 wt% of the weight of the membrane casting solution.
15. The meta-aramid hollow fiber membrane of claim 14, wherein the organic additive is at least one of polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, tween-type emulsifier, and triton emulsifier.
16. The meta-aramid hollow fiber membrane of claim 14, wherein the inorganic additive is at least one of lithium chloride, lithium nitrate, sodium nitrate, calcium chloride, silica, and carbon nanotubes.
17. The meta-aramid hollow fiber membrane of claim 11 or 13, wherein the alcohol is at least one selected from methanol, ethanol, propanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol, and sorbitol.
18. The meta-aramid hollow fiber membrane of claim 11 or 13, wherein the surfactant is a nonionic surfactant.
19. The meta-aramid hollow fiber membrane of claim 18, wherein the non-ionic surfactant is at least one of span and Tween.
20. A method of preparing the meta-aramid hollow fiber membrane of claim 11, comprising the steps of:
(1) mixing an organic solvent and an additive, and adding a modified meta-aramid polymer to prepare a membrane casting solution;
(2) mixing an organic solvent, alcohol and/or a surfactant and deionized water to prepare a composite supporting liquid;
(3) spraying the casting solution and the composite supporting solution together through a spray head;
(4) immersing the jet of the step (3) into the immersion liquid and the gel liquid in sequence, or immersing the jet into the gel liquid and the immersion liquid in sequence, and solidifying the jet into a film wire;
(5) and rinsing the membrane filaments, removing the additive and the solvent, and drying to obtain the modified meta-aramid hollow fiber membrane.
21. The method for preparing the m-aramid hollow fiber membrane according to claim 20, wherein the immersion liquid is 0 to 60 wt% of an organic solvent, 0 to 10 wt% of an alcohol, and 30 to 100 wt% of deionized water.
22. The preparation method of the meta-aramid hollow fiber membrane as claimed in claim 20, wherein the gel solution is 0 to 30 wt% of an organic solvent and 70 to 100 wt% of deionized water.
23. The method for preparing the meta-aramid hollow fiber membrane according to claim 21, wherein the immersion liquid is at a temperature of 5 to 80 ℃ for 2 to 10 seconds.
24. The preparation method of the meta-aramid hollow fiber membrane as claimed in claim 22, wherein the temperature of the gel liquid is 10 to 80 ℃ and the immersion time is 2min to 10 h.
25. The preparation method of the meta-aramid hollow fiber membrane as claimed in claim 20, wherein the pure water flux of each membrane filament in the step (5) is 20-900L/(m) under the pressure condition of 0.1MPa2·h)。
26. The use of the modified meta-aramid polymer of claim 9 in ultrafiltration membranes, nanofiltration membranes, reverse osmosis membranes, and battery separators.
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