CN109455687A - A kind of industrialization preparation process of lithium iron phosphate positive material - Google Patents

A kind of industrialization preparation process of lithium iron phosphate positive material Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109455687A
CN109455687A CN201811260121.4A CN201811260121A CN109455687A CN 109455687 A CN109455687 A CN 109455687A CN 201811260121 A CN201811260121 A CN 201811260121A CN 109455687 A CN109455687 A CN 109455687A
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iron phosphate
positive material
lithium iron
phosphate positive
lithium
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苏振华
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Sichuan Longsheng New Energy Technology Co Ltd
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Sichuan Longsheng New Energy Technology Co Ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B25/00Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
    • C01B25/16Oxyacids of phosphorus; Salts thereof
    • C01B25/26Phosphates
    • C01B25/45Phosphates containing plural metal, or metal and ammonium
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
    • H01M4/5825Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2006/00Physical properties of inorganic compounds
    • C01P2006/11Powder tap density
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2006/00Physical properties of inorganic compounds
    • C01P2006/40Electric properties
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of industrialization preparation processes of lithium iron phosphate positive material, include the following steps, after the ratio of ferric phosphate and lithium carbonate 1:1~2 in molar ratio is got ready, pre-dispersed tank is delivered to be dispersed, slurry after being uniformly dispersed is after wet ball grinding mixes, extra-fine grinding is carried out using sand mill, obtains precursor powder after drying finally by centrifugal spray dryer;Obtained precursor powder is delivered in pusher furnace or roller furnace automatic feeding system, sintering synthesis obtains semi-finished product;Obtained semi-finished product are delivered to mechanical crusher feed bin, obtain crushing semi-finished product after ultra-fine grinding;Obtained crushing semi-finished product are delivered to Horizontal type helical ribbon mixer to be mixed, dry, then again it is screened, obtain power type lithium iron phosphate positive material except magnetic, vacuum packaging.Rationally, easy to operate, the lithium iron phosphate positive material lot stability being prepared is good, is applicable to be mass produced for preparation process design.

Description

A kind of industrialization preparation process of lithium iron phosphate positive material
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of industrialization preparation processes of lithium iron phosphate positive material.
Background technique
As the resources such as petroleum fossil are increasingly exhausted, environmental protection day is paid attention to, and global energy is in short supply to have become restriction warp Ji development an important factor for, countries in the world to new energy material especially green energy resource material propose there is an urgent need to.Automobile It is the consumption rich and influential family of petroleum, about 50% or so oil consumption is in field of traffic at present, it is contemplated that the year two thousand twenty, this ratio will rise To 60% or more.Growing fossil energy consumption causes strong influence to environment, and national governments also launch respectively thus Carbon emission controls regulation, however is difficult to reach emission reduction targets only by internal-combustion engine technology improvement, and therefore, substituted type new energy is dynamic Power is applied in automotive field and is developed for alleviating energy crisis and promotion energy-saving and emission-reduction, provides an effective approach.
The New Energy Industry in China has formed certain scale, has grasped the clean energy resourcies core technology such as wind energy, solar energy. But these new energy all have the limitation of region and time, all suffer from energy storage problem.Therefore, to novel energy-storing material and More stringent requirements are proposed for energy storage device.
Due to the development of science and technology and the raising of the people's material and cultural life level, people get over the demand of battery Come bigger, the requirement to the performance of battery is also higher and higher.The demand of development and military equipment in particular with space technology, A large amount of industrial, civilian, portable medical electronic product appearances brought by the fast development of information and microelectronics industry, electricity The development and exploitation of electrical automobile and the enhancing of environmental protection consciousness, people are to small in size, and light-weight, high-energy safely may be used It leans on, pollution-free, the demand for the battery used that can charge repeatedly is more urgent.Existing main secondary cell (rechargeable battery) In, lead-acid battery price is minimum, but the disadvantage is that weight is big, volume is big, and service life is short, to user bring it is very big not Just;Simultaneously as lead-acid battery production process environmental pollution is larger, the whole world all clearly limits its use.This is also new The power lithium-ion battery industry of type brings wide development space.
Core material of the positive electrode as the big material of lithium-ion-power cell four, plays to pass the final performance of battery Important role, the performance optimization of power battery often rely on the technological break-through of positive electrode, therefore the research of positive electrode The plate paid close attention to the most as current lithium-ion-power cell.Commercial lithium ion power battery cathode material mainly has manganese at present Sour lithium (LMO), LiFePO4 (LFP), ternary material (NMC/NCA).
As current domestic lithium-ion-power cell preferred material, LFP has a following advantage: first, pacify in power battery In terms of full property, LFP battery safety is good, and the on fire, safety problems such as smolder did not occurred;Second, from service life angle It sees, LFP battery can reach and the car operation life cycle comparable long-life;Third can take into account speed in terms of charging rate Degree, efficiency and safety.Therefore, LFP power battery is still currently to be best suitable for domestic integral new-energy passenger demand for security.
However, the synthetic reaction of LFP is a complicated heterogeneous reaction, there are the oxide and lithium of solid phase phosphate, iron Salt, the presoma and reproducibility gas phase of external carbon.There is be restored to simple substance from+divalent for iron in this heterogeneous reaction May, and it is difficult to ensure that the consistency of reaction microcell, consequence is exactly micro- in the heterogeneous reaction process of such a complexity Amount+trivalent iron and fe may be simultaneously present in LFP product.Fe can cause the micro-short circuit of battery, be in battery most The substance of taboo, and+trivalent iron can equally be dissolved by the electrolyte and be reduced in cathode.From another angle analysis, LFP It is the multiphase solid-state reaction below weak reducing atmosphere, essentially than preparing the oxidation reaction of other positive electrodes It being difficult to control, reaction microcell can be inevitably present reduction and be not thorough and a possibility that over reduction, therefore, LFP product Industrialization preparation exist greatly challenge.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to solve above-mentioned technical problems, provide a kind of industrialization system of lithium iron phosphate positive material Standby technique, rationally, easy to operate, the lithium iron phosphate positive material lot stability being prepared is good, can for preparation process design Suitable for large-scale production.
To achieve the above object, The technical solution adopted by the invention is as follows:
A kind of industrialization preparation process of lithium iron phosphate positive material, comprising the following steps:
S1: after the ratio of ferric phosphate and lithium carbonate 1:1~2 in molar ratio is got ready, being delivered to pre-dispersed tank and dispersed, Slurry after being uniformly dispersed carries out extra-fine grinding after wet ball grinding mixes, using sand mill, finally by atomizer Precursor powder is obtained after drying machine is dry;
S2: obtained precursor powder is delivered in pusher furnace or roller furnace automatic feeding system, and sintering synthesizes To semi-finished product;
S3: being delivered to mechanical crusher feed bin for obtained semi-finished product, obtains crushing semi-finished product after ultra-fine grinding;
S4: being delivered to Horizontal type helical ribbon mixer for obtained crushing semi-finished product and mixed, dry, then again it is screened, Except magnetic, vacuum packaging obtain power type lithium iron phosphate positive material.
As a preferred embodiment, the lithium carbonate is technical grade or battery-level lithium carbonate.
It as a preferred embodiment, is the air-flow conveying used in the transmission process.
As a preferred embodiment, in the step S1, the spray drying temperature of centrifugal spray dryer is 240~ 280℃。
It as a preferred embodiment, is to be sintered operation under nitrogen atmosphere protection in the step S2.
As a preferred embodiment, in the step S2, sintering temperature is 700~750 DEG C under nitrogen atmosphere, is sintered duration For 4~8h.
As a preferred embodiment, in the step S4, drying temperature is 120~180 DEG C, a length of 2~6h when dry.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) selection and buying of the raw material of high-purity high standard of the present invention, tightens control from source, protects to the greatest extent Demonstrate,prove product purity and high stability.Its main raw material(s) is lithium carbonate and lithium hydroxide, wherein LiFePO4 per ton needs The lithium carbonate of 250kg or so, nickel cobalt lithium aluminate per ton need the lithium hydroxide of 450kg or so, according to this operation item annual capacity The annual requirement of (about 3000 tons) calculating, lithium carbonate and lithium hydroxide is about 750 tons and 900 tons, and most of areas are equal at home Can obtain effective raw material supply, and the nearest buying of raw material, transportation cost can also be saved, ensure product quality, reduce it is former Material hazard.
(2) critical process emphasis production link of the present invention is all made of advanced equipment for automatically processing, constantly sets to emphasis Standby key position optimizes transformation, can sufficiently meet material continuous, consistency production requirement.
(3) strict implement process discipline of the present invention, enhance process control, improves production efficiency, product is effectively guaranteed Quality stability between batch.
(4) this project uses phosphoric acid iron process, process route environmental protection, non-exhaust emission (ammonia), zero water pollution object (iron oxide red), process flow is simple, excellent product performance.
(5) the product nickel cobalt lithium aluminate that the present invention obtains has been subjected to pilot scale Qualify Phase early period, and inspection result shows this Product full battery gram volume is greater than 185mAh/g, 3.4~3.6g/cm of compacted density3, -20 DEG C, 0.2C electric discharge gram volume conservation rate Greater than 65%, new-energy automobile and energy storage market can be applied primarily to.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, the invention will be further described, and mode of the invention includes but are not limited to following implementation Example.
As element irreplaceable in anode material for lithium-ion batteries, the content in the earth's crust is about lithium metal 0.0065%, it is known that have more than 150 kinds containing lithium minerals, mainly in the form of spodumene, lepidolite, petalite, peganite mine etc. In the presence of.According to the data of U.S address investigation bureau publication in 2015, global lithium resource reserves are about 13,500,000 tons, and proved reserves are about It is 39,780,000 tons, Chinese proven reserve is about 5,400,000 tons, accounts for about the 13% of global total proved reserves.
The lithium resource of China is very rich, and reserves are concentrated mainly on Tibet, Qinghai, Xinjiang, Sichuan, Hubei, Hunan and river West etc. saves (area).Mineral type lithium mine is mainly distributed on Xinjiang, Sichuan, Hunan and Jiangxi, and salt lake bittern lithium mine is concentrated mainly on blueness Sea, Tibet and Hubei San Sheng (area), wherein Sichuan Province's lithium resource is mainly based on spodumene, and nearly 2,000,000 tons of proven reserve.And And dopant species, content are less in spodumene, are easy to purify, and are able to produce high-end power battery anode material and are produced with high-purity lithium salts Product (can reach 99.99% or more).Currently, Sichuan Province it is existing as the neat lithium industry in day, Sichuan state profit, to cause remote lithium industry, Sichuan to win farsighted Equal many enterprises are engaged in the production of Project Product raw material lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide, therefore, develop lithium ion power in Sichuan Province Cell positive material has apparent regional advantages.
Therefore, the present embodiment comes by taking the 3000 tons of LiFePO4 projects of annual output built in Suining City, Sichuan Province Shehong County as an example It describes in detail to the present invention.
The main raw material(s) of this project product LiFePO4 is lithium carbonate, wherein LiFePO4 per ton needs 250kg or so Lithium carbonate, according to project annual capacity calculate, the annual requirement of lithium carbonate is about 750 tons.Sichuan Province's lithium resource is mainly with lithium brightness Based on stone, nearly 2,000,000 tons of proven reserve, the neat lithium industry in day, causes remote lithium industry, Sichuan Bo Ruideng enterprise to can guarantee carbon at Sichuan state profit Enough supplies of sour lithium and lithium hydroxide.This project raw material can be purchased nearby, save transportation cost, while ensure product matter Amount and reduction raw material risk.
Specifically, a kind of industrialization preparation process of lithium iron phosphate positive material, total technique are present embodiments provided Route takes Dynamic Atmosphere to protect, automatically, full-sealing technique.It uses wet-mixing, synthesis in solid state power type LiFePO4, It is as follows to synthesize equation:
C+FePO4+Li2CO3→LiFePO4+CO2
And its specific preparation process the following steps are included:
S1: after the ratio of ferric phosphate and lithium carbonate 1:1~2 in molar ratio is got ready, being delivered to pre-dispersed tank and dispersed, Slurry after being uniformly dispersed carries out extra-fine grinding after wet ball grinding mixes, using sand mill, finally by atomizer Precursor powder is obtained after drying under the conditions of drying machine is 240~280 DEG C early;
Wherein, the lithium carbonate is technical grade (specification is as shown in table 1 below) or battery-level lithium carbonate (specification such as the following table 2 institute Show), the ferric phosphate is battery-grade anhydrous iron phosphate (specification is as shown in table 3 below).
The industrial level lithium carbonate specifications of table 1
Inspection project Standard value (%) Measured value (%)
Li2CO3 ≥99.0 99.28
Na ≤0.15 0.053
Ca ≤0.04 0.016
Mg ≤0.03 0.002
Fe ≤0.0035 0.0012
Cl- ≤0.02 0.0025
SO4 2- ≤0.35 0.2
H2O ≤0.3 0.1
Acid non-soluble substance ≤0.015 0.015
2 battery-level lithium carbonate specifications of table
3 battery-grade anhydrous iron phosphate specifications of table
S2: obtained precursor powder is delivered in pusher furnace or roller furnace automatic feeding system through air-flow, in nitrogen Under gas atmosphere protection, sintering synthesis obtains semi-finished product, and sintering temperature is 700~750 DEG C, when sintering a length of 4~8h;
S3: being delivered to mechanical crusher feed bin through air-flow for obtained semi-finished product, obtain crushing after ultra-fine grinding half at Product;
S4: obtained crushing semi-finished product are delivered to Horizontal type helical ribbon mixer through air-flow and mixed, dry, drying temperature It is 120~180 DEG C, a length of 2~6h when dry;Then again it is screened, except magnetic, vacuum packaging obtain power type iron phosphate lithium positive pole Material.
The capital equipment used in the art is as shown in table 4 below:
4 LiFePO4 of table produces major process unit table
The LiFePO4 that the present embodiment is prepared carries out quality testing, and it is as shown in table 5 below to obtain the specification of quality:
The 5 this project product LiFePO4 specification of quality of table
Project Product LFP production technology mainly has ferric phosphate, ferrous oxalate and iron oxide red technique, and this project uses phosphoric acid ironworker Skill, process route environmental protection, non-exhaust emission (ammonia), zero water pollution object (iron oxide red), process flow is simple, and properties of product are excellent It is different.This product full battery gram volume is greater than 140mAh/g, 2.3~2.5g/cm3 of compacted density, -20 DEG C, 0.2C electric discharge gram appearance It measures conservation rate and is greater than 65%, main application fields are new-energy automobile and energy storage market.The battery matter made of this material Energy density is greater than 140Wh/kg, meets the requirement of the newest subsidy of integral new-energy passenger in 2017 coefficient 1.2, not by subsidy policy The influence of adjustment.
Above-described embodiment is only one of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, should not be taken to limit protection model of the invention It encloses, as long as that in body design thought of the invention and mentally makes has no the change of essential meaning or polishing, is solved The technical issues of it is still consistent with the present invention, should all be included within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of industrialization preparation process of lithium iron phosphate positive material, which comprises the following steps:
S1: after the ratio of ferric phosphate and lithium carbonate 1:1~2 in molar ratio is got ready, being delivered to pre-dispersed tank and dispersed, and disperses Slurry after uniformly carries out extra-fine grinding after wet ball grinding mixes, using sand mill, dry finally by atomizer Precursor powder is obtained after machine is dry;
S2: obtained precursor powder is delivered in pusher furnace or roller furnace automatic feeding system, and sintering synthesis obtains half Finished product;
S3: being delivered to mechanical crusher feed bin for obtained semi-finished product, obtains crushing semi-finished product after ultra-fine grinding;
S4: being delivered to Horizontal type helical ribbon mixer for obtained crushing semi-finished product and mixed, dry, then again it is screened, except magnetic, Vacuum packaging obtains power type lithium iron phosphate positive material.
2. a kind of industrialization preparation process of lithium iron phosphate positive material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described Lithium carbonate is technical grade or battery-level lithium carbonate.
3. a kind of industrialization preparation process of lithium iron phosphate positive material according to claim 2, which is characterized in that described It is the air-flow conveying used in transmission process.
4. a kind of industrialization preparation process of lithium iron phosphate positive material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, special Sign is, in the step S1, the spray drying temperature of centrifugal spray dryer is 240~280 DEG C.
5. a kind of industrialization preparation process of lithium iron phosphate positive material according to claim 4, which is characterized in that described It is to be sintered operation under nitrogen atmosphere protection in step S2.
6. a kind of industrialization preparation process of lithium iron phosphate positive material according to claim 5, which is characterized in that described In step S2, sintering temperature is 700~750 DEG C under nitrogen atmosphere, when sintering a length of 4~8h.
7. according to claim 1, a kind of industrialization preparation process of lithium iron phosphate positive material, feature described in 5 or 6 exist In in the step S4, drying temperature is 120~180 DEG C, a length of 2~6h when dry.
CN201811260121.4A 2018-10-26 2018-10-26 A kind of industrialization preparation process of lithium iron phosphate positive material Pending CN109455687A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110127644A (en) * 2019-04-09 2019-08-16 山东鲁北企业集团总公司 A kind of low energy consumption wet grinding method preparing LiFePO4 precursor
CN110970608A (en) * 2019-12-19 2020-04-07 湖南裕能新能源电池材料有限公司 Lithium iron battery material and preparation method thereof

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107814372A (en) * 2017-11-02 2018-03-20 沈阳国科金能新材料有限公司 A kind of preparation method and application of lithium iron phosphate positive material
WO2018093998A1 (en) * 2016-11-17 2018-05-24 Worcester Polytechnic Institute Kinetic batteries
CN108163828A (en) * 2018-01-02 2018-06-15 乳源东阳光磁性材料有限公司 A kind of preparation method of spherical lithium iron phosphate anode material

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2018093998A1 (en) * 2016-11-17 2018-05-24 Worcester Polytechnic Institute Kinetic batteries
CN107814372A (en) * 2017-11-02 2018-03-20 沈阳国科金能新材料有限公司 A kind of preparation method and application of lithium iron phosphate positive material
CN108163828A (en) * 2018-01-02 2018-06-15 乳源东阳光磁性材料有限公司 A kind of preparation method of spherical lithium iron phosphate anode material

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110127644A (en) * 2019-04-09 2019-08-16 山东鲁北企业集团总公司 A kind of low energy consumption wet grinding method preparing LiFePO4 precursor
CN110970608A (en) * 2019-12-19 2020-04-07 湖南裕能新能源电池材料有限公司 Lithium iron battery material and preparation method thereof

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