CN109448691B - 一种使用隔墙提高有源声辐射控制系统降噪量的方法 - Google Patents

一种使用隔墙提高有源声辐射控制系统降噪量的方法 Download PDF

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CN109448691B
CN109448691B CN201811394850.9A CN201811394850A CN109448691B CN 109448691 B CN109448691 B CN 109448691B CN 201811394850 A CN201811394850 A CN 201811394850A CN 109448691 B CN109448691 B CN 109448691B
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钟家鑫
陶建成
邱小军
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Nanjing University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G10MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10KSOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/175Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
    • G10K11/178Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
    • G10K11/1781Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase characterised by the analysis of input or output signals, e.g. frequency range, modes, transfer functions
    • GPHYSICS
    • G10MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10KSOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/175Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
    • G10K11/178Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
    • G10K11/1781Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase characterised by the analysis of input or output signals, e.g. frequency range, modes, transfer functions
    • G10K11/17813Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase characterised by the analysis of input or output signals, e.g. frequency range, modes, transfer functions characterised by the analysis of the acoustic paths, e.g. estimating, calibrating or testing of transfer functions or cross-terms
    • G10K11/17815Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase characterised by the analysis of input or output signals, e.g. frequency range, modes, transfer functions characterised by the analysis of the acoustic paths, e.g. estimating, calibrating or testing of transfer functions or cross-terms between the reference signals and the error signals, i.e. primary path
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    • G10MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10KSOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/175Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
    • G10K11/178Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
    • G10K11/1785Methods, e.g. algorithms; Devices
    • G10K11/17861Methods, e.g. algorithms; Devices using additional means for damping sound, e.g. using sound absorbing panels

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Abstract

本发明公布了有源噪声控制领域中一种使用隔墙提高有源声辐射控制系统降噪量的方法。本发明针对开放空间中的有源声辐射控制系统,在初级声源或次级声源附近布放特性尺寸不小于0.3倍声波波长的隔墙,提高系统全局控制的声功率降噪量。本发明对有源控制系统降噪量的提升显著,且仅使用一面隔墙,便于安装,实施简单。

Description

一种使用隔墙提高有源声辐射控制系统降噪量的方法
一、技术领域
本发明涉及有源噪声控制领域。提出了一种使用隔墙提高有源声辐射控制系统降噪量的方法。
二、背景技术
有源声辐射控制系统是降低初级噪声源辐射声功率,实现全局噪声控制的一种有源噪声控制系统。有源声辐射控制系统的噪声控制频率上限和降噪量与次级声源、误差传感器、参考传感器的配置有关:次级声源离初级声源越近,可控的频率上限越高、系统降噪量越大;误差传感器测得的误差信号越接近初级源和次级源的总声功率,系统降噪量越大;参考传声器测得的参考信号与初级噪声的相关性越好,系统降噪量越大(NELSON P A,ELLIOTT S J.Active Control of Sound[M].San Diego:Academic Press Inc.,1992)。此外,系统的降噪量通常会随通道数目的增加而变大。CN.201110044461.5公开了一种多通道的电力变压器有源控制系统,可将16个误差传声器处的100Hz、200Hz和300Hz线谱成分降至本底噪声量级。但多通道系统的复杂度更高,要求性能更高的控制器、更多的误差传声器、前置放大器和功率放大器等设备。
除了有源噪声控制系统本身,引入有限或无限大反射面会改变空间的声场分布,从而影响声源所受到的声辐射阻,进而改变声源的辐射声功率。有研究利用无限大反射面(如地面)来提高有源声辐射控制系统的声功率降噪量。例如,在自由场中引入1个无限大反射面后,通过调整初级源、次级源与反射面的相对位置,可在kd=π/4时提高单通道系统10dB以上的声功率降噪量,其中k表示波数,d表示初次级源间距(PAN J,QIUX.Performance of an active control system near a reflecting surface[J].Australian Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2008,5(1):35-42)。无限大反射面同样可提高多通道有源声辐射控制系统的声功率降噪量(TAO J,WANG S,QIU X,etal.Performance of a multichannel active sound radiation control system near areflecting surface[J].Applied Acoustics,2017,123:1-8)。另外,增加无限大反射面的数目(如2个相互垂直的无限大反射面)可进一步提高系统的降噪量(XUE J,TAO J,QIUX.Performance of an active control system near two reflecting surfaces[C]//Proceedings of 20th International Congress on Sound and Vibration,July 7-11,2013,Bangkok,Thailand)。但上述研究中,使用的反射面都是无限大障板,无法直接用于实际应用。关于有限大障板(如有限大隔墙)对有源噪声声辐射控制系统降噪量的影响,目前尚未有文献或专利的报道。
本发明针对开放空间中的有源声辐射控制系统,提出在初级声源或次级声源附近布放特定尺寸的隔墙,提高系统全局控制的声功率降噪量。由于该方法仅增加一面隔墙,便于安装,实施简单。
三、发明内容
1、发明目的:提出一种有效方法,针对开放空间中的有源声辐射控制系统,在初级声源或次级声源附近布放隔墙,提高系统全局控制的声功率降噪量。
2、技术方案:为实现上述发明目的,本发明所提出的方法所述的系统示意图如附图1所示,本发明所述隔墙置于初级声源或次级声源附近。本发明具体包括以下步骤:
(1)根据现场实际条件安装单通道有源噪声控制系统,包括次级声源(1)、误差传声器(2)、参考传声器(3)、自适应有源控制器(4)、前置放大器(5)和功率放大器(6)。
(2)获取噪声源的频率或中心频率,依此来确定对应的声波波长λ。依此选择隔墙的特性尺寸a,使得a不小于0.3倍波长。隔墙的厚度小于4cm,面密度大于15kg/m2
(3)根据现场实际声学环境选择隔墙的形状,如自由场中选择圆形隔墙,半自由场中选择半圆形隔墙。隔墙紧靠初级声源或次级声源,且初、次级源位于隔墙与地面的同侧。若有源声辐射控制系统为单通道系统,初级源和次级源的连线与隔墙垂直。
3、本发明有益效果在于:提出一种针对开放空间的有源声辐射控制系统,在初级声源或次声级源附近布放隔墙,提高系统全局控制的声功率降噪量的方法。该方法仅需要引入一面隔墙,安装方便,实施简单。
四、附图说明
图1是本发明所述的在地面上(半自由场)的单通道有源控制系统中引入半圆形隔墙示意图。
图2是具体实施例中仅有地面、无隔墙的实验照片。
图3是具体实施例中引入半径0.2m的半圆形隔墙的实验照片。
图4是具体实施例中引入1.2m×2.4m的隔墙的实验照片。
图5是具体实施例中降噪量的理论计算结果。
图6是具体实施例中降噪量的实验结果。
五、具体实施方式
下面以频率范围为300~2kHz的初级噪声源作为测量对象,详细介绍本发明所述方法的实现过程。如附图1所示,作为初级噪声源和次级声源的扬声器均位于地面上,测量得到其尺寸(长×宽×高)为4.8cm×3.8cm×4.8cm,两者间距为0.1m。其中尺寸为2.4m×2.4m的障板用来模拟地面。根据现场声学环境(地面上方),分别选择半径0.1m和0.2m的半圆形隔墙。如附图4所示,选用1块1.2m×2.4m的障板(声学上可视作无限大隔墙)进行对比。实验中所有障板为木质,测量其厚度为1.8cm,面密度为15.30kg/m2
实验共进行4组。其中作为对照的仅有地面、无隔墙的实验照片如附图2所示;引入半圆形隔墙半径0.1m或0.2m)的实验照片如附图3所示;引入1.2m×2.4m的隔墙的实验照片如附图4所示。前3组的误差点数目为9个,最后一组的误差点数目为4个。误差点分布在以初级源为中心的球面上,其具体坐标见表1所示,其中θ和
Figure BSA0000174428940000032
分别表示球坐标系下的天顶角和方位角。
表1误差传声器的位置
Figure BSA0000174428940000031
每组实验的噪声源输入信号为纯音信号,从300Hz开始,以50Hz的间隔增加至2kHz。误差传声器采集到的误差信号经前置放大器放大后作为自适应有源控制器的输入,其输出信号经功率放大器放大后作为次级声源的输入信号。有源控制器采用变压器谐波算法,由于初级噪声源的频率已经,故控制器内部直接合成该频率的信号作为参考信号,采样率fs=3kHz。
实验中根据国际标准(ISO Technical Committees:Noise.Acoustics-Determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels of noise sourcesusing sound pressure-Engineering methods for an essentially free field over areflecting plane:ISO 3744:2010[S].Geneva:International Organization forStandardization,2010)中的10点声功率法进行声功率测量,将控制前后所测的声功率dB值作差,得到该次实验的降噪量。
附图5和附图6分别表示4组配置降噪量的理论和实验结果。从图中可看到,在小于1100Hz的频率范围内,引入有限大半圆形隔墙或无限大隔墙总是能提高降噪量,并且频率越低,效果越明显。例如,在300Hz处,引入半径为0.1m、0.2m的半圆形隔墙和无限大隔墙,其降噪量相对不引入的情况分别可提高2.3dB、5.8dB和9.2dB,在实验中分别提高了3.7dB、6.0dB和7.1dB。特别的是,当半圆形隔墙的半径是噪声频率对应波长的0.35倍左右时,隔墙对降噪量的提高高于无限大隔墙。例如,引入半径0.2m的半圆形隔墙后,在650Hz处(此时半径0.2m是650Hz声波波长的0.38倍)的降噪量比引入无限大隔墙的情况还高3.3dB。

Claims (1)

1.一种使用隔墙提高有源声辐射控制系统降噪量的方法,其特征在于它包括以下步骤:
(1)根据现场实际条件安装有源噪声控制系统,包括次级声源(1)、误差传声器(2)、参考传声器(3)、自适应有源控制器(4)、前置放大器(5)和功率放大器(6);
(2)根据初级噪声的中心频率来确定对应的波长λ;
(3)在初级声源或次级声源附近布放一面隔墙(7),隔墙的尺寸不小于波长λ的0.3倍、厚度小于4cm、面密度大于15kg/m2,初级源和次级源位于隔墙的同侧。
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