CN109446609B - Method for establishing comprehensive thermal field analysis model of bow net system - Google Patents
Method for establishing comprehensive thermal field analysis model of bow net system Download PDFInfo
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- CN109446609B CN109446609B CN201811203909.1A CN201811203909A CN109446609B CN 109446609 B CN109446609 B CN 109446609B CN 201811203909 A CN201811203909 A CN 201811203909A CN 109446609 B CN109446609 B CN 109446609B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for establishing a comprehensive thermal field analysis model of a bow net system, which comprises the following steps: s1, respectively calculating joule heat and frictional heat in the pantograph system; s2, determining the temperature rise of the pantograph system compared with the environment according to the joule heat and the frictional heat, and calculating the heat dissipation of the pantograph system; and S3, determining a comprehensive thermal field analysis model when the pantograph system is balanced according to the joule heat, the frictional heat and the heat dissipation. The comprehensive thermal field analysis model of the pantograph system provided by the invention realizes the comprehensive analysis of the thermal field of frictional heat, joule heat and comprehensive heat in the pantograph system, improves the problem of current-carrying abrasion of the high-speed pantograph and provides a scientific basis for prolonging the service life of the pantograph.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of bow net system thermal field analysis, and particularly relates to a method for establishing a comprehensive thermal field analysis model of a bow net system.
Background
In the continuous motion process of the high-speed railway motor car, the relative sliding route of the pantograph slide plate and the contact line is similar to a 'Z' -shape, and scientific basis can be provided for solving the problem of high-speed pantograph-catenary current-carrying abrasion, realizing comprehensive analysis of a pantograph-catenary system thermal field and prolonging the service life of the pantograph-catenary by researching the distribution of a temperature field in the continuous motion process. The bow net current carrying system is a complex electric power heat multi-physical field coupling system, and the temperature rise is the result of the comprehensive action of joule heat and frictional heat radiation. The maximum value of the bow net wear rate depends on the condition that the contact point of the friction surface is softened due to temperature rise, the dynamic balance of heat productivity and heat dissipation capacity is realized, and the maximum value is subjected to the comprehensive action of relative motion speed, friction factors, normal contact pressure, contact resistance current and the like, so that the complexity is quite high, and the problem that how to model the temperature field caused by various heat sources and research the change rule of the thermal field in combination with the transient state or steady state process is not solved at present is solved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the method for establishing the comprehensive thermal field analysis model of the pantograph system solves the problems that the comprehensive dynamic temperature field caused by various heat sources is difficult to couple and the comprehensive thermal field analysis is difficult to be carried out on the pantograph system in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a method for establishing a comprehensive thermal field analysis model of a bow net system comprises the following steps:
s1, respectively calculating joule heat and frictional heat in the pantograph system;
s2, determining the temperature rise of the pantograph system compared with the environment according to the joule heat and the frictional heat, and calculating the heat dissipation of the pantograph system;
and S3, synthesizing joule heat, frictional heat and heat dissipation, and determining a comprehensive thermal field analysis model when the pantograph-catenary system is balanced.
Further, the air conditioner is provided with a fan,
the Joule heat Q R The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Q R ＝I 2 R C t
wherein I is the current flowing through the contact surface;
R c is the equivalent contact resistance value;
t is the operation time of the pantograph system;
the frictional heat Q f The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Q f ＝μfvt
wherein mu is a normal friction force factor;
f is the normal pressure of the contact surface;
v is the relative movement speed of the contact surface;
and t is the pantograph system running time.
Further, the contact resistance R c Comprises the following steps:
wherein a, b and c are empirical fitting parameters;
rho is the sum of the resistivities of the two contact materials;
h is the material hardness of the pantograph slide plate;
n is the number of average conductive spots;
F c is the contact pressure;
pi is the circumference ratio;
alpha is the average temperature coefficient of specific resistance of the contact material;
sigma is the thermal conductivity of the copper-impregnated carbon sliding plate material;
λ is a correction coefficient;
ξ is the tunnel resistivity of the conductive film.
Further, the heat dissipation Q of the pantograph system in the step S2 1 The calculation formula of (c) is:
Q 1 ＝h(T ext -T 1 )
wherein h is a heat transfer coefficient,
T ext is ambient temperature;
T 1 is the temperature at the contact surface;
the heat conduction coefficient h is as follows:
h＝0.9140254913*0.000481*1991.445284*(v 0 )^0.8
wherein v is 0 The train running speed is used as the train running speed;
temperature T at the contact surface 1 Comprises the following steps:
T 1 ＝(Q R +Q f )t/(m 1 C P1 )-273.15
wherein m is 1 The mass of the bow net slide block;
C P1 is the specific heat capacity of the slider.
Further, the integrated thermal field analysis model in step S3 is:
T fin1 ＝(Q R +Q f +Q 1 )t/m 1 C P1 -273.15；
wherein, T fin1 The temperature of the surface of the bow net slide block.
The comprehensive thermal field analysis model of the pantograph system provided by the invention realizes the comprehensive analysis of the thermal field of frictional heat, joule heat and comprehensive heat in the pantograph system, improves the problem of current-carrying abrasion of the high-speed pantograph and provides a scientific basis for prolonging the service life of the pantograph.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for establishing an integrated thermal field analysis model of a pantograph system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a basic schematic diagram of heat generation by the bow net in the embodiment provided by the invention.
FIG. 3 shows Joule heating at 300s (steady state) with current in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a graph illustrating the effect on bow net temperature change when one variable is changed alone in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating the effect on bow net temperature change when two variables are simultaneously changed in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided to facilitate the understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, but it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined and defined in the appended claims, and all matters produced by the invention using the inventive concept are protected.
As shown in fig. 1, a method for establishing an integrated thermal field analysis model of a bow net system includes the following steps:
s1, respectively calculating joule heat and frictional heat in the pantograph system;
according to theoretical analysis and experiments, as shown in fig. 2, the heat generated by the pantograph during continuous operation mainly comes from two aspects: after the bow net is started, the heat produced by the joule heat and the frictional heat cannot be accumulated all the time, but the bow net integrally reaches a heat balance state due to factors such as air, heat dissipation and the like, so that the system tends to be stable.
Joule heat is used as the main reason for generating heat of the bow net system, the current and the contact resistance passing through the contact surface are important parameters for establishing a mathematical model of the Joule heat, and the Joule heat Q R The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Q R ＝I 2 R C t
wherein I is the current flowing through the contact surface;
R c is the equivalent contact resistance value;
t is the operation time of the pantograph system;
the contact resistance is related to internal parameters such as material resistivity and friction force factors of the contact surface of the bow net and external parameters such as contact surface pressure and relative movement speed between the contact surfaces, and the magnitude of the contact resistance can be analyzed by using a Holm model under different working conditions; however, with the deep research of contact resistance, the point contact science has proposed the theory of conductive spots and surface films, so that the contact resistance R is calculated by adopting the perfect bow net contact resistance calculation model so far c Comprises the following steps:
wherein a, b and c are empirical fitting parameters;
rho is the sum of the resistivities of the two contact materials;
h is the material hardness of the pantograph slide plate;
n is the number of average conductive spots;
F c is the contact pressure;
pi is the circumference ratio;
alpha is the average temperature coefficient of specific resistance of the contact material;
sigma is the thermal conductivity of the copper-impregnated carbon sliding plate material;
λ is a correction coefficient;
ξ is the tunnel resistivity of the conductive film.
As can be seen from the above calculation formula, the changes of the current, the vehicle speed and the contact pressure are considered at the same time, and the vehicle speed, the current, the contact force and the like are all factors influencing the contact resistance. By researching the influence of the three factors on the contact resistance of the pantograph-catenary, a calculation model of the contact resistance is corrected by introducing the relation between the train running speed and the average contact pressure. According to experiments, the contact resistance increases with the increase of the vehicle speed and decreases with the increase of the current, and the change of the contact resistance is more sensitive as the current is smaller. The above analysis is based on the non-slippery characteristic without considering the contact pressure, which is a constant value when the vehicle speed is determined.
When the joule heat of the pantograph-catenary system is actually calculated, the calculated contact resistance is introduced into a car-catenary electrical model, and the influence of the contact resistance on the voltage and the current of a traction catenary, the current of a locomotive and the voltage measured by the catenary is researched. Firstly, the non-smooth characteristic of bow net contact pressure is not considered, static contact resistance under different vehicle speeds and contact pressures is calculated, and the influence of different bow net static contact resistance on the electrical characteristics of the vehicle net is researched. It can be known that the current and voltage of the contact surface, the current and voltage of the locomotive and the voltage of the locomotive network side are not obviously affected by different contact pressures, and the regularity is not strong.
The friction heat is generated from heat generated by relative motion of the pantograph-catenary contact surface under a certain pressure, the pressure of the contact surface in an actual pantograph-catenary system is not a constant value, the transformation is nonlinear and time-varying, the transformation amplitude is not large when a train stably runs, and the heat is idealized to be the condition of constant pressure when heat production of the train is researched. Thus frictional heat Q f The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Q f ＝μfvt
wherein mu is a normal friction factor;
f is the normal pressure of the contact surface;
v is the relative movement speed of the contact surface;
and t is the pantograph system running time.
S2, determining the temperature rise of the pantograph system compared with the environment according to the joule heat and the frictional heat, and calculating the heat dissipation of the pantograph system;
in the actual operation of the pantograph system, the temperature of the contact surface of the pantograph system cannot be accumulated all the time due to the existence of joule heat and frictional heat, so that the heat dissipation of the pantograph system in the actual operation keeps the heat balance of the pantograph system;
therefore, the heat dissipation Q of the pantograph system in step S2 1 The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Q 1 ＝h(T ext -T 1 )
wherein h is a heat transfer coefficient,
T ext is ambient temperature;
T 1 is the temperature at the contact surface;
the value of the heat conduction coefficient is related to the running speed of the train, and the heat conduction coefficient h can be obtained after simplification by combining with an actual bow net model:
h＝0.9140254913*0.000481*1991.445284*(v 0 )^0.8
wherein v is 0 The train running speed;
temperature T at the contact surface 1 Comprises the following steps:
T 1 ＝(Q R +Q f )t/(m 1 C P1 )-273.15
wherein m is 1 The mass of the bow net slide block;
C P1 is the specific heat capacity of the slider.
And S3, determining a comprehensive thermal field analysis model when the pantograph system is balanced according to the joule heat, the frictional heat and the heat dissipation.
The comprehensive thermal field analysis model for analyzing the surface temperature of the sliding block along with the time change is obtained by synthesizing the joule heat, the frictional heat and the heat dissipation:
T fin1 ＝(Q R +Q f +Q 1 )t/m 1 C P1 -273.15
wherein, T fin1 The temperature of the surface of the bow net slide block.
Therefore, the change situation (transient temperature field) and the steady state value (steady state temperature rise) of the temperature along with the time in the operation time of the pantograph system can be calculated.
In one embodiment of the invention, a simulation analysis process of the integrated thermal field of the pantograph system using the method of the invention is provided: the various material parameters used in this example are shown in table 1:
table 1: parameters of the material
When joule heating calculation of the pantograph-catenary system is carried out, a metal-impregnated carbon slide plate and a CT150 type copper contact line are adopted as parameter models to carry out simulation experiments. The initial settings of the simulation parameters are as follows: the potential between the bow nets is 25 KV; the initial temperature between the pantograph slide plate and the contact line is the same as the ambient temperature and is set to be 20 ℃; the initial voltage value is 0V; when the normal contact pressure between the pantograph and net is 90N, the current is 400A, and the relative movement speed is 200 km.h < -1 >, the joule heat when the contact line of the pantograph and net slides to a half of 1950mm in the process of sliding back and forth on the contact surface is shown in figure 3.
As can be seen from fig. 3, in the process of relative sliding between the pantograph slide plate and the contact line, when the contact pressure is 60N, and the simulation time is 300 seconds at different operating speeds, that is, the pantograph system operates to a certain steady state, and as the current parameter changes, the change of joule heat generated by the model tends to increase continuously.
In order to verify the influence of different influencing factors on the comprehensive thermal field analysis process of the pantograph-catenary system, for example, fig. 4 to 5 show simulation data of different variables changing independently; (a) the rule of the temperature of the contact surface under different pressures and different currents along with time is shown in the step (b), and the rule of the temperature of the contact surface under different speeds along with time is shown in the step (c). It is clear that an increase in both pressure and current will increase the steady state temperature value, whereas an increase in speed will decrease the temperature. Because the speed and the contact resistance and the heat dissipation affect each other, the change rule is not linear. Three variables will affect each other. This means that the bow net system does not change monotonically with a single variable when it is actually running. Thus, as shown in fig. 5, the correctness of the pantograph model can be explored and verified by changing two variables simultaneously.
In the 3 diagrams shown in fig. 5, (a) and (b) are the law of the change of the temperature of the contact surface with time under the same pressure and the same current, respectively, and (c) is the law of the change of the temperature of the contact surface with time under the same speed, it can be seen that the actual operation process of the bow net may follow any curve on the curved surface in the actual operation process of the bow net, and in the curve of the change of the temperature of the contact surface with time under the same current, it can be clearly seen that the temperature does not monotonically increase with the change of the pressure, but has a minimum value under a certain pressure. It can be seen in the figure that as the current increases, the rate of change is higher, that is, when the current is within 230A, the rate of change of the temperature is smaller, and the temperature rise is smaller. When the current reaches above 230A, the temperature rise is rapidly increased. In practical application, the model can be used for analyzing under which condition the temperature rise and the like reach the minimum value, and the motion process is controlled in an optimal range.
The comprehensive thermal field analysis model of the pantograph system provided by the invention realizes the comprehensive analysis of the thermal fields of frictional heat, joule heat and comprehensive heat in the pantograph system, improves the problem of current-carrying abrasion of a high-speed pantograph and provides a scientific basis for prolonging the service life of the pantograph.
Claims (2)
1. A method for establishing a comprehensive thermal field analysis model of a bow net system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, respectively calculating joule heat and frictional heat in the pantograph system;
s2, determining the temperature rise of the pantograph system compared with the environment according to the joule heat and the frictional heat, and further calculating the heat dissipation of the pantograph system;
s3, synthesizing joule heat, frictional heat and heat dissipation, and determining a comprehensive thermal field analysis model when the heat production and the heat dissipation of the bow net system are balanced;
the Joule heat Q R The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Q R ＝I 2 R C t
wherein, I is the current flowing through the contact surface;
R c is the equivalent contact resistance value;
t is the operation time of the pantograph system;
the frictional heat Q f The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Q f ＝μfvt
wherein mu is a normal friction force factor;
f is the normal pressure of the contact surface;
v is the relative movement speed of the contact surface;
t is the operation time of the pantograph system;
the contact resistance R c Comprises the following steps:
wherein a, b and c are empirical fitting parameters;
rho is the sum of the resistivities of the two contact materials;
h is the material hardness of the pantograph slide plate;
n is the number of average conductive spots;
F c is the contact pressure;
pi is the circumference ratio;
alpha is the average temperature coefficient of specific resistance of the contact material;
sigma is the thermal conductivity of the copper-impregnated carbon sliding plate material;
lambda is a correction coefficient;
xi is the tunnel resistivity of the conductive film;
the heat dissipation Q of the pantograph system in step S2 1 The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Q 1 ＝h(T ext -T 1 )
wherein h is a heat transfer coefficient,
T ext is ambient temperature;
T 1 is the temperature at the contact surface;
the heat conduction coefficient h is as follows:
h＝0.9140254913*0.000481*1991.445284*(v 0 )^0.8
wherein v is 0 The train running speed;
temperature T at the contact surface 1 Comprises the following steps:
T 1 ＝(Q R +Q f )t/(m 1 C P1 )-273.15
wherein m is 1 The mass of the bow net slide block;
C P1 is the specific heat capacity of the slider.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the comprehensive thermal field analysis model of step S3 is:
T fin1 ＝(Q R +Q f +Q 1 )t/m 1 C P1 -273.15
wherein, T fin1 The temperature of the surface of the bow net slide block.
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2018
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| US20160041112A1 (en) * | 2013-08-13 | 2016-02-11 | Everfine Photo-E-Info Co.,Ltd. | Method for analysis of thermal resistance |
| CN104200034A (en) * | 2014-09-10 | 2014-12-10 | 清华大学 | Dry sliding friction-heat-stress-abrasion sequential coupling simulation method |
| CN104361196A (en) * | 2014-09-22 | 2015-02-18 | 西南交通大学 | Arc net off-line electric arc mathematical model for calculating train speed |
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