CN109446539B - Method and device for solid modeling of joint surface error - Google Patents
Method and device for solid modeling of joint surface error Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention provides a method and a device for solid modeling of joint surface errors, wherein the method comprises the steps of establishing a geometric characteristic error curved surface of a joint surface based on geometric characteristic error points of the joint surface in a machine tool structure; and establishing a geometric characteristic error model of the combined surface based on the geometric characteristic error curved surface and an ideal solid model, wherein the ideal solid model is a machine tool structure model without geometric characteristic error points and constructed by a computer. According to the method and the device for solid modeling of the joint surface error provided by the embodiment of the invention, the geometric characteristic error point of the machine tool structure joint surface is adopted to construct the geometric characteristic error curved surface, the geometric characteristic error curved surface is combined with the ideal solid model, the geometric characteristic error model is established, the obtained geometric characteristic error model truly reflects the joint surface characteristic error condition between the actual part and the ideal solid model constructed by the computer, and a basis is provided for accurate calculation and analysis of machine tool structure optimization design and assembly characteristic prediction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geometric characteristic simulation modeling, in particular to a method and a device for modeling a junction surface error entity.
Background
The stability of the machine tool machining precision is a core measurement standard for evaluating the quality of a machine tool, particularly for key components such as a column, a base and a bed of the machine tool, the key components are easy to cause more vibration factors, and the vibration of the key components easily influences the machining precision of the machine tool, so that the machining precision is unstable, and geometric characteristic errors of a machine tool machining joint surface are introduced.
In particular, the actual fitting area of these critical components belongs to a point contact joint surface, and the distribution of the contact points and the number of the contact points become the key of the stability of the assembling precision. However, for a long time, the optimal design calculation models of the machine tool all belong to smooth surface contact and approximate regular contact surfaces, and have a large difference with the characteristics of an actual joint surface, so that the optimal design and performance analysis of the machine tool are inaccurate, and the optimal design and prediction analysis of the machine tool have the following problems:
(1) the established combined surface model is based on an ideal method and an approximate hypothesis method, the obtained combined surface model has larger difference with an actual geometric surface characteristic model, and larger combined surface geometric characteristic errors exist.
(2) Due to the existence of the geometric characteristic error of the joint surface between the established joint surface model and the actual geometric surface characteristic model, when the stability of the machining precision of the machine tool is evaluated, the evaluation result of the stability of the machine tool precision is seriously influenced, and the analysis result is inaccurate.
(3) Due to the existence of the geometric characteristic error of the junction surface between the established junction surface model and the actual geometric surface characteristic model, the equipment rigidity caused by the junction surface can not be accurately calculated, and the structural stability optimization design and the performance evaluation of precision variation of the high-precision machine tool are difficult to realize.
Therefore, a modeling method capable of truly expressing the geometric characteristic error of the actual joint surface is urgently needed to realize the accurate calculation and analysis of the optimized design of the machine tool structure and the prediction of the assembly characteristic.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art in the background art, the invention provides a method and a device for solid modeling of joint surface error.
In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for solid modeling of joint surface errors, including:
establishing a geometric characteristic error curved surface of the combined surface based on geometric characteristic error points of the combined surface in a machine tool structure;
and establishing a geometric characteristic error model of the combined surface based on the geometric characteristic error curved surface and an ideal solid model, wherein the ideal solid model is a machine tool structure model which is constructed by a computer and has no geometric characteristic error point.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a joint surface error solid modeling apparatus, including:
the curved surface construction module is used for establishing a geometric characteristic error curved surface of the solid combining surface based on the geometric characteristic error points of the solid combining surface;
and the error model generating module is used for establishing a geometric characteristic error model of the entity joint surface based on the geometric characteristic error curved surface and an ideal entity model, wherein the ideal entity model is an ideal model which is constructed by a computer and has the same structure as the entity.
The method and the device for solid modeling of the joint surface error provided by the embodiment of the invention construct the geometric characteristic error curved surface which can really reflect the characteristic error of the joint surface by adopting the geometric characteristic error point of the actually applied part joint surface in the machine tool structure, and establish the geometric characteristic error model of the joint surface by combining the geometric characteristic error curved surface with the ideal solid model constructed by the computer.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a joint surface error solid modeling method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a joint surface error solid modeling apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments, but not all embodiments, of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
When machine tool optimization design and machine tool component assembling characteristic prediction analysis are carried out, design and analysis are needed to be carried out based on real characteristics of a machine tool structure joint surface. However, since the optimized design calculation models of the machine tool belong to smooth surface contact and approximate regular contact surfaces for a long time, and have large difference with the characteristics of the actual joint surface, the difference between the established geometric characteristic combination surface model and the actual geometric characteristic model is large, and large geometric characteristic error of the joint surface exists, so that data error exists when the stability of the machining precision of the machine tool and the rigidity of equipment are evaluated, the evaluation result and the calculation result are inaccurate, and accurate calculation and analysis of the optimized design of the machine tool structure and the prediction of the assembly characteristic are influenced.
In order to implement the optimized design of the machine tool structure and the accurate calculation and analysis of the prediction of the assembly characteristics, the embodiment of the invention provides a method for modeling a joint surface error entity, fig. 1 is a flow diagram of the method for modeling the joint surface error entity provided by the embodiment of the invention, and as shown in fig. 1, the method comprises the following steps:
and 11, establishing a geometric characteristic error model of the combined surface based on the geometric characteristic error curved surface and an ideal solid model, wherein the ideal solid model is a computer-constructed machine tool structure model without geometric characteristic error points.
Specifically, the method for modeling the joint surface error entity provided by the embodiment of the present invention specifically includes the steps of firstly, establishing a geometric characteristic error curved surface of the joint surface according to geometric characteristic error points of the joint surface of the component actually used in the machine tool structure, wherein the geometric characteristic error curved surface truly reflects the characteristic error characteristics of the joint surface; then, establishing a geometric characteristic error model of a joint surface according to the geometric characteristic error curved surface and a machine tool structure model without geometric characteristic error points, namely an ideal entity model established by a computer, wherein the ideal entity model established by the computer has the same structure as a part actually used in the machine tool structure; the obtained geometric characteristic error model can truly reflect the condition of joint surface characteristic error between the part actually used in the machine tool structure and the ideal entity model constructed by the computer.
The method for modeling the error entity of the joint surface provided by the embodiment of the invention adopts the geometric characteristic error points of the joint surface of the part actually applied in the machine tool structure to construct the geometric characteristic error curved surface capable of really reflecting the characteristic error characteristic of the joint surface, and establishes the geometric characteristic error model of the joint surface by combining the geometric characteristic error curved surface with the ideal entity model constructed by the computer.
On the basis of the foregoing embodiment, the method for modeling a joint surface error entity provided in the embodiment of the present invention further includes, before establishing a geometric feature error curve of the joint surface of the entity based on the geometric feature error points of the joint surface of the entity:
and acquiring geometric characteristic error points distributed on the whole entity combined surface, and uniformly selecting a plurality of points from the geometric characteristic error points as sample points. The method for modeling the joint surface error entity provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the steps of obtaining geometric characteristic error points distributed on the whole entity joint surface before constructing the geometric characteristic error curved surface by using the geometric characteristic error points, selecting a plurality of geometric characteristic error points uniformly distributed on the whole entity joint surface as sample points, and constructing the geometric characteristic error curved surface, so that the obtained geometric characteristic error curved surface can truly reflect the characteristic error characteristics of the joint surface, wherein the geometric characteristic error points can be directly obtained by measuring actual components in a machine tool structure by using a three-coordinate measuring machine.
On the basis of the foregoing embodiment, the method for establishing a geometric characteristic error curved surface of an entity joint surface based on geometric characteristic error points of the entity joint surface in a joint surface error entity modeling method provided in the embodiment of the present invention specifically includes:
connecting every two adjacent geometric characteristic error points to form a plurality of geometric characteristic error curves;
and smoothing and optimizing the geometric characteristic error curve to obtain a geometric characteristic error curved surface. After obtaining the geometric characteristic error points of the combined surface, connecting every two adjacent geometric characteristic error points to form a plurality of geometric characteristic error curves, wherein the geometric characteristic error points of the combined surface can be displayed in a cloud picture, proper geometric characteristic error points are added through numerical value interpolation, and every two adjacent geometric characteristic error points are sequentially connected to form a plurality of geometric characteristic error curves; and performing smooth optimization processing on all the geometric characteristic error curves to obtain the geometric characteristic error curved surface.
On the basis of the above embodiments, the geometric feature error model of the solid junction surface is established based on the geometric feature error curved surface and the ideal solid model in the junction surface error solid modeling method provided by the embodiments of the present invention, which specifically includes:
based on the surface dimension characteristics of the ideal solid model, the geometric characteristic error curved surface is stretched along the direction vertical to the curved surface to form a geometric characteristic error model which is connected with the surface dimension characteristics in a matching way. After the geometric characteristic error curved surface is established, when the geometric characteristic error model is established through the geometric characteristic error curved surface, because the ideal entity model is a machine tool structure model which is established by a computer and has no geometric characteristic error points, the structure of the ideal entity model is the same as that of an actual part, only the joint surface of the ideal entity model is a smooth surface without the geometric characteristic error, and the geometric characteristic error curved surface is established by the geometric characteristic error points distributed on the joint surface of the structural part of the whole machine tool, the geometric characteristic error characteristics of the joint surface of the whole part are truly reflected, and the size of the geometric characteristic error model is consistent with the size of the surface of the part. Therefore, the size of the geometric feature error surface is consistent with the surface size of the ideal solid model. And stretching the geometric characteristic error curved surface along the direction vertical to the curved surface as required to obtain a geometric characteristic error model which is in fit connection with the ideal solid model, wherein the geometric characteristic error model can truly reflect the characteristic error condition of a joint surface between an actual part in the machine tool structure and the ideal solid model constructed by the computer, and provides a basis for the accurate calculation and analysis of the optimal design and the assembly characteristic prediction of the machine tool structure. If necessary, the obtained geometric characteristic error curved surface does not need to be stretched to form a geometric characteristic error model, and stretching does not need to be carried out.
On the basis of the foregoing embodiment, the method for modeling a joint surface error entity provided in the embodiment of the present invention further includes, after establishing a geometric feature error model of the joint surface:
and carrying out joint surface mutual contact alignment assembly on the geometric characteristic error model and the ideal solid model based on the maximum geometric characteristic error point contact principle to obtain the actual solid model. After the geometric characteristic error model is established, the combined surface of the geometric characteristic error model and the ideal entity model is contacted with each other, alignment assembly is carried out, so that the maximum geometric characteristic error point is contacted first, wherein when the combined surface is contacted and aligned with each other, the point contacted first is the maximum geometric characteristic error point. Therefore, the alignment assembly of the geometric characteristic error model and the ideal solid model is realized, and then the fusion alignment connection of the geometric characteristic error model and the ideal solid model can be realized through a stitching technology in the construction of a computer model, so that the actual solid model is obtained.
On the basis of the above embodiment, the joint surface error solid modeling method provided by the embodiment of the present invention further includes:
and analyzing the distribution characteristics of the joint surface stress field of the actual entity model obtained after assembly according to the geometric characteristic error model. After the geometric characteristic error model and the ideal solid model are assembled, the obtained stress field distribution characteristics of the joint surface of the actual solid model are analyzed, so that the influence of the error characteristics on the system is obtained.
The embodiment of the present invention further provides a joint surface error solid modeling device, fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the joint surface error solid modeling device provided in the embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 2, the device includes a curved surface constructing module 21 and an error model generating module 22, where:
the curved surface construction module 21 is configured to establish a geometric characteristic error curved surface of the solid junction surface based on the geometric characteristic error points of the solid junction surface; the error model generating module 22 is configured to establish a geometric error model of the solid junction surface based on the geometric error curved surface and an ideal solid model, where the ideal solid model is an ideal model that is constructed by a computer and has the same structure as the solid.
Specifically, the joint surface error solid modeling device provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes a curved surface construction module 21 and an error model generation module 22, where firstly, the curved surface construction module 21 establishes a geometric characteristic error curved surface of the joint surface according to geometric characteristic error points of the joint surface of the part actually used in the machine tool structure, and the geometric characteristic error curved surface truly reflects the characteristic error characteristic of the joint surface; then, the error model generating module 22 establishes a geometric characteristic error model of a joint surface according to the geometric characteristic error curved surface and a machine tool structure model without geometric characteristic error points, namely an ideal entity model established by a computer, wherein the ideal entity model established by the computer has the same structure as a part actually used in the machine tool structure; the obtained geometric characteristic error model can truly reflect the condition of joint surface characteristic error between the part actually used in the machine tool structure and the ideal entity model constructed by the computer.
The joint surface error solid modeling device provided by the embodiment of the invention adopts the geometric characteristic error points of the actually applied part joint surface in the machine tool structure to construct the geometric characteristic error curved surface capable of really reflecting the characteristic error characteristic of the joint surface, and establishes the geometric characteristic error model of the joint surface by combining the geometric characteristic error curved surface with the ideal solid model constructed by the computer.
On the basis of the foregoing embodiment, the joint surface error solid modeling apparatus provided in the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, further includes:
and the reading module 23 is configured to obtain geometric feature error points distributed on the entire entity joint surface, and uniformly select a plurality of points from the geometric feature error points as sample points. That is, the junction surface error solid modeling apparatus provided in the embodiment of the present invention further includes a reading module 23, where the reading module is configured to, before constructing the geometric characteristic error curved surface, obtain geometric characteristic error points distributed on the entire solid junction surface, and select a plurality of geometric characteristic error points uniformly distributed on the entire solid junction surface as sample points to construct the geometric characteristic error curved surface, so that the constructed geometric characteristic error curved surface can truly reflect the junction surface characteristic error characteristics.
On the basis of the foregoing embodiment, the curved surface construction module 21 in the joint surface error entity modeling apparatus provided in the embodiment of the present invention is configured to establish a geometric feature error curved surface of a joint surface based on geometric feature error points of the joint surface, and specifically includes:
and the curved surface construction module 21 is configured to connect every two adjacent geometric feature error points to form a plurality of geometric feature error curves, and smoothly optimize the geometric feature error curves to obtain a geometric feature error curved surface. That is, after the reading module 23 obtains the geometric characteristic error point of the joint surface, the curved surface constructing module 21 constructs the geometric characteristic error curved surface. The curved surface construction module 21 is used for connecting every two adjacent geometric characteristic error points to form a plurality of geometric characteristic error curves, wherein the curved surface construction module 21 can be used for displaying the geometric characteristic error points of the obtained combined surface in a cloud picture, increasing proper geometric characteristic error points through numerical value interpolation, and sequentially connecting every two adjacent geometric characteristic error points to form a plurality of geometric characteristic error curves; and performing smooth optimization processing on all the geometric characteristic error curves to obtain the geometric characteristic error curved surface.
On the basis of the foregoing embodiment, the error model generating module 22 in the junction surface error solid modeling apparatus provided in the embodiment of the present invention is configured to establish a geometric feature error model of a solid junction surface based on a geometric feature error curved surface and an ideal solid model, and specifically includes:
and the error model generating module 22 is used for stretching the geometric characteristic error curved surface along the direction perpendicular to the curved surface based on the surface dimension characteristics of the ideal entity model to form a geometric characteristic error model which is in fit connection with the surface dimension characteristics. After the geometric characteristic error curved surface is established, when the geometric characteristic error model is established through the geometric characteristic error curved surface, because the ideal solid model is a computer-established machine tool structure model without geometric characteristic error points, the structure of the ideal solid model is the same as that of an actual part, only the junction surface of the ideal solid model is a smooth surface without geometric characteristic errors, and the geometric characteristic error curved surface is established by the geometric characteristic error points distributed on the junction surface of the whole part, the geometric characteristic error characteristics of the junction surface of the whole part are truly reflected, and the size of the geometric characteristic error model is consistent with the size of the surface of the part. Therefore, the size of the geometric feature error surface is consistent with the surface size of the ideal solid model. According to the requirement, the error model generation module 22 stretches the geometric characteristic error curved surface along the direction perpendicular to the curved surface to obtain a geometric characteristic error model which is in fit connection with the ideal solid model, and the geometric characteristic error model can truly reflect the characteristic error condition of a joint surface between an actual part and the ideal solid model constructed by the computer, so that a basis is provided for the accurate calculation and analysis of the optimized design of the machine tool structure and the prediction of the assembly characteristics.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for solid modeling of joint surface errors, comprising:
establishing a geometric characteristic error curved surface of the combined surface based on geometric characteristic error points of the combined surface in a machine tool structure;
establishing a geometric characteristic error model of the combined surface based on the geometric characteristic error curved surface and an ideal solid model, wherein the ideal solid model is a machine tool structure model which is constructed by a computer and has no geometric characteristic error point;
the establishing of the geometric characteristic error model of the joint surface based on the geometric characteristic error curved surface and the ideal entity model specifically comprises the following steps:
and based on the surface dimension characteristics of the ideal entity model, stretching the geometric characteristic error curved surface along the direction vertical to the curved surface to form the geometric characteristic error model which is in fit connection with the surface dimension characteristics.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising, before establishing the geometric characteristic error curve of the bonding surface based on geometric characteristic error points of the bonding surface in the machine tool structure:
and acquiring geometric characteristic error points distributed on the whole combined surface, and uniformly selecting a plurality of points from the geometric characteristic error points as sample points.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the geometric characteristic error surface of the bonding surface is established based on geometric characteristic error points of the bonding surface in the machine tool structure, specifically:
connecting every two adjacent geometric characteristic error points to form a plurality of geometric characteristic error curves;
and smoothly optimizing the geometric characteristic error curve to obtain the geometric characteristic error curved surface.
4. The method of claim 1, further comprising, after said modeling the geometric characteristic error of the faying surface:
and carrying out joint surface mutual contact alignment assembly on the geometric feature error model and the ideal solid model based on a maximum geometric feature error point contact principle to obtain an actual solid model.
5. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
and analyzing the distribution characteristics of the stress field of the joint surface of the actual entity model obtained after assembly according to the geometric characteristic error model.
6. A joint surface error solid modeling apparatus, comprising:
the curved surface construction module is used for establishing a geometric characteristic error curved surface of the solid combining surface based on the geometric characteristic error points of the solid combining surface;
the error model generating module is used for establishing a geometric characteristic error model of the entity joint surface based on the geometric characteristic error curved surface and an ideal entity model, wherein the ideal entity model is an ideal model which is constructed by a computer and has the same structure as an entity;
the error model generation module is configured to establish a geometric feature error model of the solid junction surface based on the geometric feature error curved surface and the ideal solid model, and specifically includes:
and the error model generating module is used for stretching the geometric characteristic error curved surface along the direction vertical to the curved surface based on the surface dimension characteristics of the ideal entity model to form the geometric characteristic error model which is in fit connection with the surface dimension characteristics.
7. The apparatus of claim 6, further comprising:
and the reading module is used for acquiring the geometric characteristic error points distributed on the whole entity combined surface and uniformly selecting a plurality of points from the geometric characteristic error points as sample points.
8. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the curved surface constructing module is configured to establish a geometric feature error curved surface of the joint surface based on geometric feature error points of the joint surface, and specifically includes:
and the curved surface construction module is used for connecting every two adjacent geometric characteristic error points to form a plurality of geometric characteristic error curves, and smoothly optimizing the geometric characteristic error curves to obtain the geometric characteristic error curved surfaces.
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| CN103810343B (en) * | 2014-02-24 | 2016-08-17 | 清华大学 | The generative mode on a kind of part critical process surface becomes more meticulous characterizing method |
| CN104050316B (en) * | 2014-03-25 | 2017-02-15 | 北京工业大学 | Analysis method on basis of distribution characteristics of space machining error of numerical control machine tool |
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