CN109444995A - The preparation method of accurate rainfall data based on bucket parameter and raininess - Google Patents
The preparation method of accurate rainfall data based on bucket parameter and raininess Download PDFInfo
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- CN109444995A CN109444995A CN201811606261.2A CN201811606261A CN109444995A CN 109444995 A CN109444995 A CN 109444995A CN 201811606261 A CN201811606261 A CN 201811606261A CN 109444995 A CN109444995 A CN 109444995A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01W—METEOROLOGY
- G01W1/00—Meteorology
- G01W1/18—Testing or calibrating meteorological apparatus
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/10—Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation
Abstract
The present invention proposes a kind of preparation method of accurate rainfall data based on bucket parameter and raininess, it is characterized in that, based on tipping bucket rain gauge, the following steps are included: step S1: under the confirmable total rainfall of experimental enviroment, set average rainfall intensity value that is multiple and different and being in section, the tipping bucket rain gauge is tested, and bucket parameter-raininess function is constructed according to test result；And according to bucket parameter-raininess function, welcome rain flow function is obtained.The present invention has overturned the existing method for obtaining rainfall product data by tipping bucket rain gauge, and accomplish in the case where precision is higher, error it is smaller break conventional effect, in the case where the main component not to conventional tipping bucket rain gauge is modified, introduce the acquisition of the time interval overturn twice to tipping bucket, in conjunction with the characteristic attribute of tipping bucket rain gauge, the solution of a set of completely new accurate rainfall of acquisition is constructed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to meteorological data collection field more particularly to a kind of accurate rainfall data based on bucket parameter and raininess
Preparation method.
Background technique
The precipitation data meteorological data index important as one, has a wide range of applications and necessary meaning.Currently, it drops
Water number is counted according to generally based on total rainfall in one period, is mainly realized by devices such as precipitation rain fall sensor (rainfall gauges)
The acquisition of Real-time Precipitation data is simultaneously uploaded to meteorological monitor terminal and is summarized and counted.Current mainstream precipitation rain fall sensor is to turn over
Bucket type precipitation rain fall sensor.
Tipping bucket rain gauge is a kind of hydrology, meteorologic instrument, to measure nature rainfall, while by rainfall
The amount of digital information output indicated in the form of switching value is converted to, to meet the need of information transmission, processing, recording and displaying etc.
It wants.Traditional tipping bucket rain gauge can only generally accomplish ± 4% error, and meteorological historical record, data are analyzed
It cannot increasingly meet the requirements.
It is substantially (to be turned over will lead to tipping bucket by preset precision for existing tipping bucket rain gauge
The water turned is positively correlated) and the on-off times (switching value) of tongue tube of tipping bucket overturning triggering obtain final total rainfall
Amount.If there are errors for this kind of calculation, all it is to be adjusted by way of error correction, makes opening for final output
Pass amount can reduce error as close possible to perfect switch amount.
However, with currently to rainfall data precision increasingly higher demands under, the error school of almost all of use
Direction-determining board may not be able to properly eliminate the influence of error very much, in some instances it may even be possible to new error be introduced, such as the rainfall of double skip
Although sensor, which can eliminate dynamic loss, (since rainfall is continuous process, reaches tipping bucket in undertaking rainwater in a Catherine wheel
Torque threshold is begun turning, until another Catherine wheel starts during accepting rainwater, some rainwater is not because by tipping bucket
Accept not to be included in the loss that will lead to error caused by the measures range of tipping bucket rain gauge), but introduce new
Random error, and or because machining accuracy is limited, cannot achieve the elimination of error in the range of cost and technical capability, then
Or the operating process of amendment error is cumbersome, and it is time-consuming and laborious.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problems, such as defect and deficiency of the existing technology, the present invention is using completely new problem analysis and scheme
Mentality of designing specifically uses following technical side in the case where not being modified to the main component of tipping bucket rain gauge
Case:
A kind of preparation method of the accurate rainfall data based on bucket parameter and raininess, it is characterised in that: be based on tipping bucket type rain
Quantity sensor, comprising the following steps:
Step S1: in the confirmable total rainfall H of experimental enviroment0Under, it sets multiple and different and is in (0, umax] section
Average rainfall intensity valueThe tipping bucket rain gauge is tested, and bucket parameter-raininess letter is constructed according to test result
Number:
F (u, y, t)=0；
Wherein, u is the equivalent raininess of bucket duration t, unit mm/min；The number y that struggles against is that tipping bucket overturns total degree, and struggle against duration t
For the interval time that tipping bucket is overturn twice, unit s；
And according to bucket parameter-raininess function, the relational expression set up when raininess is constant:And raininess is determined immediately
Adopted formulaObtain welcome rain flow function: J (h, t)=0；Wherein, instant rainfall h is the equivalent raininess of bucket duration t in bucket
The rainfall generated in long t, unit mm；Total rainfall H0Unit be mm；The unit of bucket duration t is s.
Preferably, in step sl, the tipping bucket rain gauge is tested, and is constructed and is struggled against according to test result
Parameter-raininess function method particularly includes:
In total rainfall H that experimental enviroment gives0Under, it sets multiple and different and is in (0, umax] section raininess value u,
Under each raininess value, the tipping bucket overturning total degree y value of tipping bucket rain gauge in corresponding rainfall is measured；And it establishes
The mapping corresponding relationship of u and y；
Wherein, umaxFor raininess extreme value.
Preferably, in step sl, the tipping bucket rain gauge is tested, and is constructed and is struggled against according to test result
Parameter-raininess function method particularly includes:
In the confirmable total rainfall H of experimental enviroment0Under, the rain test of different raininess is provided repeatedly, to the tipping bucket
Formula precipitation rain fall sensor is tested, and obtains bucket parameter-raininess function undetermined by way of fitting according to test result:
Bucket parameter-raininess the function undetermined includes n (n >=2) fitting parameters, and the value of the fitting parameter passes through following
Method obtains:
In total rainfall H that experimental enviroment gives0Under, it sets n difference and is in (0, umax] section average rainfall intensity valueIn each average rainfall intensity valueUnder, measure the tipping bucket overturning total degree y of tipping bucket rain gauge in corresponding rainfall
Value obtains the different numerical value (u of n group1,y1)、(u2,y2)、……(un,yn), and bring the bucket parameter-raininess function into, thus
Determine the value of n fitting parameter.
Preferably, the specific steps of step S1 are as follows:
Step S11: according in the confirmable total rainfall H of experimental enviroment0The rain test of multiple varying strength down, to institute
State tipping bucket rain gauge carry out test acquisition multiple groups test Value Data fitting or built according to tipping bucket rain gauge
Vertical mathematical model constructs bucket parameter-raininess function undetermined:
Bucket parameter-raininess the function undetermined includes n (n >=2) fitting parameters；
Step S12: in the confirmable total rainfall H of experimental enviroment0Under, it sets n difference and is in (0, umax] section
Average rainfall intensity valueThe tipping bucket rain gauge is tested, under each average rainfall intensity value, measures corresponding y value,
Obtain n group test value；
Step S13: it brings n group test value into bucket parameter-raininess function undetermined, calculates and obtain n fitting parameter, and according to this
Determine welcome rain flow function: J (h, t)=0；
Step S14: based on determining welcome rain flow function, using experimental condition identical with step S12 to the tipping bucket
Formula precipitation rain fall sensor is tested, and obtains tipping bucket type rain according to the precision ε of the instant rainfall h and tipping bucket rain gauge measured
The switching value z of quantity sensor output measures the value of corresponding switching value z under each average rainfall intensity value, obtains n switching value
z；
Step S15: n switching value z value is compared operation with perfect switch amount D, obtains n correction value, in which:ε is the precision of tipping bucket rain gauge, if a certain z value falls in error range determined by perfect switch amount D
Interior, then corresponding correction value is 0；When all correction values are 0, then terminate to construct；As long as there is a correction value to be not zero,
Continue to execute step S16；
Step S16: the y value in n group test value is modified respectively using the n correction values, obtains revised n
Group test value；
Step S17: bringing the revised n group test value into bucket parameter-raininess function undetermined, calculates acquisition n and intends
Parameter is closed, and redefines bucket parameter-raininess function: F (u, y, t)=0 and welcome rain flow function: J (h, t)=0 according to this；And
Return to step S14.
Preferably, further includes:
Step S2: during rainfall continues, according to the value of the welcome rain flow function and bucket duration t, welcome rain is obtained
Measure h；
Step S3: the value of all instant rainfall h during being counted according to gross rainfall obtains total rainfall H.
Preferably, the tipping bucket rain gauge includes: raingauge receiver, the funnel being arranged in below the raingauge receiver, sets
Set the tipping bucket below the funnel, the magnet steel driven by the tipping bucket and the counting circuit module including tongue tube；It is described
The duration t that struggles against is the time interval between the two neighboring switching pulse that tongue tube generates.
Preferably, the counting circuit modular belt has clock circuit；The bucket duration t is touched twice by the way that tongue tube is adjacent
The time interval of hair obtains, and the clock signal that the clock circuit by being arranged in the counting circuit module provides calculates standard
Really value.
Preferably, in step s3, total rainfall H receives tipping bucket rain gauge by calculating monitor terminal
The number of the switching value of output obtains, and the switching value is obtained by the precision ε of instant rainfall h and tipping bucket rain gauge；
The switching value is divided by by the accumulated value of instant rainfall h and the precision ε of tipping bucket rain gauge obtains or passes through welcome rain
The precision ε of amount h and tipping bucket rain gauge carries out cumulative acquisition after being divided by.
Preferably, in step s 2: the tongue tube is opened and closed the equal real-time Transmission of electronic signal of generation to monitoring end every time
End, the value for the duration t that struggles against is calculated in monitor terminal to be obtained.
Preferably, after step S1, according to welcome rain flow function andRelational expression, obtain equivalent raininess letter
Number:
G (u, t)=0；
Wherein, the unit of the equivalent raininess u of bucket duration t is mm/min.
The present invention and its preferred embodiment have overturned the existing method for obtaining rainfall product data by tipping bucket rain gauge,
And accomplished in the case where precision is higher, error it is smaller break conventional effect, conventional tipping bucket type rainfall is not being passed
In the case that the main component of sensor is modified, the acquisition of the time interval overturn twice to tipping bucket is introduced, in conjunction with tipping bucket
The characteristic attribute of formula precipitation rain fall sensor constructs the solution of a set of completely new accurate rainfall of acquisition.This kind of method is complete
It is unconventional in the prior art to the methodology of the error analysis of tipping bucket rain gauge and elimination.
It is low to the condition requirement of experimental test in the preferred solution of the invention building process, accurate and permanent without control
Also the accurate building that can be completed to computation model can be measured in the case where fixed raininess, have good universality.
Meanwhile scheme provided by the invention gives and is not necessarily to be modified existing conventional equipment, or without to existing
Two kinds of feasible programs that monitor terminal is adjusted, without increasing excessive cost, compatibility is strong, significant effect, is suitble to extensive
It promotes and uses, there is very high market value and social effect.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention is described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description:
Fig. 1 is that the embodiment of the present invention 1 realizes required basic Component units and module diagram；
Fig. 2 is 1 specific structure schematic cross-sectional view of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is 1 specific structure exploded perspective figure of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is that the embodiment of the present invention 1 counts swing mechanism stereoscopic schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 is 1 counting circuit module circuit schematic 1 of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is 1 counting circuit module circuit schematic 2 of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is 1 counting circuit module circuit schematic 3 of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 8 is that the embodiment of the present invention 2 realizes required basic Component units and module diagram；
Fig. 9 is the first rainfall calibrator structural schematic diagram suitable for the embodiment of the present invention；
Figure 10 is second of rainfall calibrator structural schematic diagram suitable for the embodiment of the present invention；
Figure 11 is the coordinate diagram for the h-t correlation that the embodiment of the present invention obtains；
Figure 12 is the coordinate diagram for the y-u correlation that the embodiment of the present invention obtains；
In figure: 1- rain container；2- bracket；3- funnel；4- tipping bucket；5- counts swing mechanism；6- counting circuit module；7- tune
Save screw rod；8- magnet steel；21- tipping bucket locating part；22- counts swing mechanism locating part；41- tipping bucket shaft；The left small room of 42-；43- is right
Small room；51- counts swing mechanism shaft；52- protruding portion；53- resigning portion；54- pointer portion；61- tongue tube；62- output terminal；
63- counting circuit module carrier；64- battery；65- clock circuit；66- main control chip；67- detail programming interface；68- indicator light
Circuit；69- photoelectrical coupler；The antistatic protection circuit of 610-；611-USB interface；612- power circuit；The filter of 613- power supply decoupling
Wave circuit；100- shell；200- pedestal.
Specific embodiment
For the feature and advantage of this patent can be clearer and more comprehensible, 2 embodiments is cited below particularly, and cooperate attached drawing, makees detailed
Carefully it is described as follows:
Of the invention will be intended to substantially: (bucket duration t) is acquired, in conjunction with turning over for the time interval that overturns twice to tipping bucket
The correlative character of bucket type precipitation rain fall sensor and bucket duration t directly obtains accurate total rainfall H.Wherein, tipping bucket type rainfall passes
The correlative character of sensor and bucket duration t are one of characteristic attributes of tipping bucket rain gauge.Tipping bucket type rainfall sensing
The characteristic attribute of device be based on specific tipping bucket rain gauge and it is existing, can be used for describing the tipping bucket rain gauge
Be different from the characteristic of other tipping bucket rain gauges, such as: its left and right tipping bucket accept the feature how many rainwater can be flipped, from
End overturning is begun turning to reach stable state and need the feature of how many duration, under specific gross rainfall and particular constant raininess
Total bucket number feature etc., and tipping bucket rain gauge and bucket duration t correlative character be tipping bucket type rainfall sensing
The general designation of characteristic attribute that device can be obtained and be determined according to bucket duration t.That is, it is based on the present invention program, it can be direct
After specific tipping bucket rain gauge (including knowing its characteristic attribute clearly) has been determined, in rainfall scene, it is only necessary to
Its duration t that struggles against is measured, can be obtained accurate total rainfall H.
In the present invention, the correlative character of tipping bucket rain gauge and bucket duration t are finally by welcome rain flow function J
(h, t)=0 is characterized, and can be obtained total rainfall H by instant rainfall h.
In the present invention, for instant rainfall h's is defined as: the drop that the equivalent raininess of bucket duration t generates in bucket duration t
Rainfall.Wherein for " equivalent raininess ":
It is contemplated that if raininess is R (x) when time point is x, then having in the environment of natural precipitationThen, the accurate rainfall to struggle against in duration t can indicate are as follows:
Basic design principle based on tipping bucket rain gauge, only according to the measurement of tipping bucket rain gauge, not
The rainfall situation of change in bucket duration t may be obtained, so that accurate solution can not be obtained using this integration type.However, when due to bucket
The outness of accurate rainfall in long t, according to INTEGRAL THEOREM OF MEAN: certainly existing a determining raininess valueIt is full
FootAlthough the raininess valueAlso unavailable, but therefore we have just obtained the original of " equivalent raininess " and have contained
Justice.
In the present invention, " equivalent raininess " is defined as, under conditions of raininess is constant, for determining tipping bucket type rainfall
Sensor, acquisition per the unique corresponding raininess value of a pipeful of duration value, to obtain the root for calculating the rainfall in bucket duration t
Person's character basis.This means that after the form of the composition that welcome rain flow function has been determined, it can directly approximate by bucket duration t
Ground acquires the rainfall in each bucket duration t, to realize the purpose for directly obtaining total rainfall H.
It should be strongly noted that the realization process of the present invention program is not rely on the tipping bucket type rain of certain specific structure
Quantity sensor, the requirement to the tipping bucket rain gauge device of the material base as DATA REASONING are only that: can be obtained
Take t value (the t value of general tipping bucket rain gauge can by measurement tongue tube generate two neighboring switching pulse it
Between time interval obtain), and have between rainfall h and bucket duration t immediately determining, with certain describable rule
It is (more such as two upper and lower in order to eliminate being provided with for dynamic loss generation error to have the relevant characteristic attribute of h-t for correlation
The tipping bucket rain gauge of tipping bucket, due to the design feature of its device itself, the t value of output and instant rainfall h or its etc.
Effect raininess does not have determining correlation, therefore not in the applicable range of the present invention program).Therefore, in general may be used
Be interpreted as any different bucket duration t be able to reflect instant rainfall h variation tipping bucket rain gauge (its under normal circumstances
May be considered as real-time raininess increases, t is in reduction trend, and only has the tipping bucket rain gauge of a tipping bucket)
It can be used as the device basic of the method for the present invention.The specific structure or circuit structure of following embodiment provided by the invention are not made
For the limitation of the scope of application to the method for the present invention, those skilled in the art only are convenient to as one kind and more fully understand the present invention
The case of one specific implementation of scheme.
As shown in Figure 1, in one embodiment of the invention, for the existing tipping bucket rain gauge of compatibility and one
As the monitor terminal docking of weather station is set and data interactive mode is considered, basic processing unit is placed on tipping bucket type rainfall
Sensor is local.Counting pulse of the present embodiment to only having the generation opening and closing of tongue tube 61 in conventional tipping bucket rain gauge
The counting circuit modular circuit of function improves, increased in counting circuit modular circuit as it is local obtain t value when
Clock circuit 65, and the main control chip 66 as data operation and storage core.Main control chip 66 produces after carrying out operation according to t value
Life can accurately calculate the switching value of rainfall, and be transmitted to monitor terminal by output terminal 62.
Mistake of data processing and calculation method or even its generation that lower mask body uses main control chip 66 in the present embodiment
Journey is described in detail.
(1) y-u correlative character is obtained
Based on the definition to instant rainfall h, although most direct design scheme should strive for obtaining the equivalent of bucket duration t
Raininess, however on the one hand very high constant raininess is difficult to obtain in experimental enviroment, on the other hand, it is difficult to obtain constant rain
Strong exact numerical.Therefore, the structure of the present invention program correlation between tipping bucket rain gauge characteristic parameter and parameter
Aspect is built, since by general rain test, the number y that struggles against is can be with the amount of precise measurement, although at this point, can not provide accurate
Constant raininess value causes direct u-t correlation to be difficult to obtain, but can attempt to substitute by average rainfall intensity value, due to flat
Equal raininess value and the correlation of bucket number y are more significant, and therefore, the present embodiment obtains tipping bucket type rainfall and pass from y-u correlation
The characteristic attribute of sensor.
In the present embodiment, y-u correlation constructs by the following method:
In the confirmable total rainfall H of experimental enviroment0Under, it sets multiple and different and is in (0, umax] section average rain
Intensity valuesThe tipping bucket rain gauge is tested, and bucket parameter-raininess function is constructed according to test result:
F (u, y, t)=0；
Wherein, u is the equivalent raininess of bucket duration t, unit mm/min；The number y that struggles against is that tipping bucket overturns total degree.
Above building bucket parameter-raininess function purpose is, in confirmable total rainfall H0Precondition under,
It controls total rainfall to remain unchanged, be tested by changing raininess size, the average rainfall intensity value that the number y that struggles against at this time is provided with testIt will be provided with significant correlation, the present embodiment will establish the mathematical expression of this correlation by the parameter-raininess function that struggles against.It should
Bucket parameter-raininess function meaning is, as a kind of characteristic attribute of tipping bucket rain gauge, which characterizes: it is dropped always
Rainfall is to determine value H0When, the equivalent raininess u of bucket number y, bucket duration t and the duration t that struggles against have determining relevance.With its table
Up to y-u correlation when, as long as raininess change rate less (approximately constant) when, average rainfall intensity valueBucket can approximatively be regarded as
The equivalent raininess u of duration t, and can be by the relational expression set up under constant raininess:Bucket duration t is eliminated, thus structure
It builds and obtains y-u correlative character.
Wherein, in the present embodiment, confirmable total rainfall H is obtained0The mode of total rainfall both can be by such as
The volume of standard ball in rainfall calibrator shown in Fig. 9 is given, can also be passed using as shown in Figure 10 in tipping bucket type rainfall
The container for accepting tipping bucket discharge water that poidometer is provided with below sensor measures.
The adjusting of rainfall size generally passes through control valve (such as water outlet solenoid valve) progress.When realizing the scheme of the present embodiment
Without knowing the specific value of raininess, normally, also do not require the raininess provided must be completely permanent during simulated rainfall
Fixed (it is constant as far as possible but in order to control error, reach control in rainfall calibrator as shown in Figure 9 on this point
The state of water outlet solenoid valve state during simulated rainfall remains unchanged), therefore meet the examination of this embodiment scheme
Testing condition only needs general rainfall calibrator and its matched equipment can be completed.
And rainfall calibrator design scheme as shown in Figure 10 can be used as and provide the test of constant raininess in the present embodiment
Device, it includes there is a water storage container, when test, water pump always fills the water water storage container, and the flow of water filling is greater than
The flow of water outlet, extra water is flowed out from gap, then the difference in height between water outlet and water storage container peak level is kept
It is constant, in this way for constant water outlet via area, flow be it is stable, also mean that raininess is constant, then pass through
Stepper motor and flow control valve are the size for accurately controlling and adjusting output raininess.
More specifically, present embodiments providing three kinds of bucket parameters-raininess function building path.
One is the building mode of discrete function, specifically:
In the confirmable total rainfall H of experimental enviroment0Under, the rain test of multiple varying strength is provided, each average
Raininess valueUnder, bucket number y value is measured, also, should to cover light rain, moderate rain, heavy rain etc. all types of when control adjusts raininess
Rainfall scene, and should guarantee that as far as possible raininess is constant.
Wherein, in each average rainfall intensity valueUnder can repeatedly be tested, by multiple y values of acquisition using being averaged
The statistical methods such as value, median determine.
And by under (close) constant raininessWith the approximation relation of the equivalent raininess u of bucket duration t, the mapping of u and y are established
Corresponding relationship.
The advantage of this kind of building mode be it is directly available, it is constant enough (at this time in raininessWhen can be considered as bucket substantially
It can guarantee the accuracy of the correlation of y-u under the equivalent raininess u) and test dot density and distribution situation reasonable enough of long t,
And the raininess constancy that test provides is higher,Error between the equivalent raininess u of bucket duration t is smaller, then the bucket ginseng obtained
Number-raininess function is more accurate.
Secondly for the building mode of continuous (fitting) function:
Pass throughDiscrete point distribution and form, by fitting for the purpose of building meet bucket number-bucket of the following conditions when
Long function:
?Interior satisfaction: continuous, y≤D, and work as uα< uβWhen have yα≥yβ, wherein umaxFor raininess extreme value,
Perfect switch amount For the function determined by bucket parameter-raininess function.
Bucket parameter-raininess the function can pass through the default function analytic expression prebuild including n (n >=2) fitting parameters
(fitting parameter quantity is more, and fitting effect is more accurate, but general calculation amount is also bigger), the analytic expression form of the prebuild is general
It is fitted acquisition according to the image that the distribution of a large number of experiments value is constituted, due to the tipping bucket type rain using like configurations and principle
The distribution of the test value of quantity sensor generally has common feature and rule, therefore the function analytic expression of the prebuild is for same
A type of tipping bucket rain gauge is general.As shown in figure 12, which is tipping bucket type used by the present embodiment
The coordinate diagram of precipitation rain fall sensor y-u correlation curve, bucket parameter-raininess function of prebuild can be based on to this kind of curves
Fitting.
Later, in the confirmable total rainfall H of experimental enviroment0Under, it sets n difference and is in (0, umax] section it is flat
Equal raininess valueObtain the different test value (u of n group1,y1)、(u2,y2)、……(un,yn).N group test value will be obtained and bring bucket into
In parameter-raininess functional expression, thereby determine that the value of n fitting parameter, when test provide raininess it is more constant, it is determined that fitting
The value of parameter is more accurate.
To complete the determination of bucket parameter-raininess function analytic expression.
The building of specific bucket parameter-raininess function analytic expression presented below and example:
Such as, according to a large number of experiments obtain shaped like test data shown in Figure 12, will bucket parameter-raininess function prebuild at
For following form (hyperbolic functions):
Wherein, a, b, c are fitting parameter.
By device as shown in Figure 9 to tipping bucket rain gauge in H0Carried out under the scene of=10mm test obtain with
Lower three groups of data:
Light rain: y:119；
Moderate rain: y:113；
Heavy rain: y:108；
Above data is brought into:
It solves:
So that it is determined that the concrete form of bucket parameter-raininess function analytic expression.
Construct continuous function mode compared to discrete function building mode it is advantageous that the function of prebuild parses
Formula determine in the case where, for obtain same accuracy y-u correlation, needed for test number (TN) it is generally less, and for examination
The constant building mode for requiring more above-mentioned discrete function of raininess for testing offer is lower, forThe more difficult of 0 grade that level off to is led to
The correlation data that overtesting directly measures can also be by being fitted the output valve that obtains and can be satisfied with.
In addition, although it is generally advisable to use the functional form for being easy solution to calculate to reduce for the function analytic expression of prebuild
Amount.Even if the function analytic expression of building can not solve the accurate solution of fitting parameter by the above method, meter can also be passed through
Calculation machine program obtains approximate value, therefore also belongs to a kind of feasible scheme.
Such as, bucket parameter-raininess function can be in the form of prebuild becomes following (polynomial function):
F (y, u)=y- (a0+a1u+a2u2+a3u3+…+anun)=0
At this point, the directly true solution of refinement has difficulties, but acceptable approximate solution can be obtained by computer program.
Meanwhile the accuracy of the continuous function of building both can be verified or be corrected by way of test, it can also be with
The reasonability of constructed function is verified by the inherent feature of the correlation of y-u, such as
Third, the mode for the mathematical model constructor analytic expression established to tipping bucket rain gauge:
Although both the above building mode independent of to tipping bucket rain gauge mathematical modeling and analysis, but,
Based on the construction method of y-u correlation provided in this embodiment, do not repel by being established to tipping bucket rain gauge
Derivation of Mathematical Model goes out a kind of model of available function analytic expression, and bucket parameter-raininess is finally determined by way of test
The composition of function.
Such as, in the case where only considering dynamic loss, if constant raininess value isUnit is mm/min, the reason of no dynamic loss
Think that bucket number is that C has then according to the definition of rainfall H:The rainfall that dynamic loss can be obtained isIt sets again
Per the when a length of τ in a pipeful of duration t under the dynamic loss state, the rainfall that can obtain dynamic loss isSimultaneous two
Formula can obtain following y-u dynamic loss equation, be equivalent to bucket parameter-raininess function of prebuild:
(C-y) ut=yu τ
Wherein, C and τ can be equivalent to the fitting parameter in fitting process；
The relational expression met when constant further according to raininess:The equation of characterization y-u correlation can be obtained:
By device as shown in Figure 9 to tipping bucket rain gauge in H0Carried out under the scene of=10mm test obtain with
Lower two groups of data:
It measures for the first time: y=108,
Second of measurement: y=113,
C=123.7936913, τ=0.20310817 can be solved by bringing into
So that it is determined that the concrete form of bucket parameter-raininess function analytic expression.
(2) selection of the way of output
1. the acquisition of total rainfall.
According to bucket parameter-raininess function determined above, the relational expression set up when raininess is constant:And immediately
The definition of raininessObtain welcome rain flow function: J (h, t)=0；Wherein, the unit of instant rainfall h is mm；Total rainfall
Measure H0Unit be mm；The unit of bucket duration t is s.
According to welcome rain flow function, under the real use state of tipping bucket rain gauge, directly according to bucket duration t's
Value, can obtain instant rainfall h.It constructs as the h-t Relativity completed shaped like shown in the curve in Figure 11.
As a preferred embodiment provided in this embodiment, have:
Wherein, a, b, c are fitting parameter.
As another preferred embodiment provided in this embodiment, have:
Wherein, C is the ideal bucket number without dynamic loss, τ be per a pipeful of duration t under dynamic loss state when
It is long.
Since the raininess of rainfall practical in nature is unlikely to be a steady state value in a bucket duration substantially,
Therefore, the cumulative total rainfall H of acquisition of all instant rainfall h during being counted by entire rainfall is substantially a kind of similar product
Point approximate operation, however according to this feature, we are it is found that when the precision of tipping bucket rain gauge is higher, same rain
Bucket duration t under by force will be shorter, and according to common sense, within the more short time, the raininess variation nature of natural precipitation is more unobvious, then leads to
The cumulative approximate calculation error for obtaining total rainfall H of all instant rainfall h crossed during entire rainfall counts is also just smaller.This
Kind characteristic is completely contradicted with the existing scheme for calculating rainfall by tipping bucket rain gauge, and significant more excellent, is equivalent to
The Technology Ways for realizing that superhigh precision rainfall product data obtains are directly obtained.
As for specifically, directly obtaining total rainfall during gross rainfall statistics for how by the instant rainfall h
H, tipping bucket rain gauge directly export the instant rainfall h or total rainfall H during a rainfall of each calculating acquisition
It is optimal mode, the present embodiment is in order to compatible with existing precipitation quantity collection system, by by instant rainfall h and tipping bucket type
The precision ε of precipitation rain fall sensor carries out division operation, provides two kinds and calculates the switch redefined obtained from counting circuit module
The technology realizing route of amount:
One is: being divided by acquisition by the accumulated value of instant rainfall h and the precision ε of tipping bucket rain gauge, that is, existed
During gross rainfall counts, counting circuit module is within a preset period by the accumulated value of instant rainfall h and tipping bucket type rain
The operation that the precision ε of quantity sensor is divided by, and the mantissa in the divisor of acquisition and a upper period is summed, should and it be worth later
Integer part be converted to the metering signal of same number as switching value z and carry out periodic batch signatures, fractional part is allocated as
For the mantissa in this period.
Secondly being: carrying out cumulative acquisition after being divided by by the precision ε of instant rainfall h and tipping bucket rain gauge, i.e.,
During gross rainfall statistics, the precision ε of each instant rainfall h and tipping bucket rain gauge are carried out phase by counting circuit module
The operation removed, round numbers part export as switching value z, add up to fractional part, and the integer part of accumulated value is turned
It is changed to the switching value z output of same number, while the fractional part participation for retaining accumulated value adds up next time.
Pass through compatible existing monitoring by the instant rainfall h that both the above path can accurately obtain local computing
The mode that terminal rainfall is obtained and calculated enables monitor terminal to obtain accurately total rainfall H with this.The present embodiment mentions
Although for the switch generated from local to the monitor terminal data-signal sent and the form of switching value, prior art
Amount is based entirely on the count signal of tongue tube 61, and the switching value generation mechanism of this embodiment scheme is then as described above, completely
It is different.
2. the acquisition of instant raininess
According to the above-mentioned welcome rain flow function having been built up, definition further according to the present invention program to instant rainfall h:
According to the above-mentioned welcome rain flow function having been built up, definition further according to the present invention program to instant rainfall h:
It can be thus to obtain the equivalent raininess function of acquisition:
G (u, t)=0；
Wherein, the unit of the equivalent raininess u of bucket duration t is mm/min.
Under the real use state of tipping bucket rain gauge, bucket duration can be obtained directly according to the value of bucket duration t
The equivalent raininess value of t.
If building is discrete function, can directly be taken on the mapping table of u and t with the t value of actual measurement most
The corresponding u value of close t value is as output valve；For continuous function, then directly brings the t value of actual measurement into analytic expression and acquire
Corresponding u value is as output valve.
If the equivalent raininess value u of all acquisitions showed on a timeline, we have just obtained quite smart in fact
View that is true, can reflect instant raininess situation in real time, and can quantitatively understand the shape that practical raininess changes over time
Condition, this point are cannot achieve completely by prior art.
In addition, in the present embodiment, although we are it can be found that the theoretical base that the correlative character of the present embodiment constructs
Plinth is all based on constant raininess, and due to that can use the testing experiment scheme of non-constant raininess, test value is typically all non-
Measured under constant raininess, necessarily cause the welcome rain flow function finally determined inexactness (in actual scene, even if
It is tested by rainfall calibrator as described in Figure 10, it is also difficult to obtain really completely constant raininess).It therefore, is into one
Step improves the precision of above the obtained welcome rain flow function of the present embodiment, it is contemplated that ginseng is fitted in the constructing plan of fitting process
The correlations that have with test value of number provide a kind of be exclusively used in through the scheme of continuous function building welcome rain flow function herein
It is preferred that calibration program:
This calibration program needs determine total rainfall H using at least having can provide for rainfall calibrator as shown in Figure 90With
It reproduce the experimental rig of specific rainfall scenes function, general existing common rainfall calibrator is all satisfied the condition.
In the present embodiment, no matter obtained really using the method prebuild of fitting process or founding mathematical models
Determine function model, all referred to needs undetermined parameter determined by experiment (needs in such as fitting parameter or mathematical model
Want the parameters such as C, τ determined by experiment), therefore, there are the feelings of deviation for the identical property between test value and correlation models
Under condition, this calibration method is considered as the method calibrated to the bucket number y in test value, specifically includes the following steps:
Step S11: according in the confirmable total rainfall H of experimental enviroment0The rain test of multiple varying strength down, to institute
State tipping bucket rain gauge carry out test acquisition multiple groups test Value Data fitting or built according to tipping bucket rain gauge
Vertical mathematical model constructs bucket parameter-raininess function undetermined:
Bucket parameter-raininess the function undetermined includes n (n >=2) fitting parameters；
Step S12: in the confirmable total rainfall H of experimental enviroment0Under, it sets n difference and is in (0, umax] section
Average rainfall intensity valueThe tipping bucket rain gauge is tested, under each average rainfall intensity value, measures corresponding y value,
Obtain n group test value；
Step S13: it brings n group test value into bucket parameter-raininess function undetermined, calculates and obtain n fitting parameter, and according to this
Determine welcome rain flow function: J (h, t)=0；
Step S14: based on determining welcome rain flow function, using experimental condition identical with step S12 to the tipping bucket
Formula precipitation rain fall sensor is tested, and obtains tipping bucket type rain according to the precision ε of the instant rainfall h and tipping bucket rain gauge measured
The switching value z of quantity sensor output measures the value of corresponding switching value z under each average rainfall intensity value, obtains n switching value
z；
Step S15: n switching value z value is compared operation with perfect switch amount D, obtains n correction value, in which:ε is the precision of tipping bucket rain gauge, if a certain z value falls in error range determined by perfect switch amount D
Interior, then corresponding correction value is 0；When all correction values are 0, then terminate to construct；As long as there is a correction value to be not zero,
Continue to execute step S16；
Step S16: the y value in n group test value is modified respectively using the n correction values, obtains revised n
Group test value；
Step S17: bringing the revised n group test value into bucket parameter-raininess function undetermined, calculates acquisition n and intends
Parameter is closed, and redefines bucket parameter-raininess function: F (u, y, t)=0 and welcome rain flow function: J (h, t)=0 according to this；And
Return to step S14.
By above step, with the error characterization test value of the switching value of output and misfitting for prebuild function model
Property, and correction value is generated by switching value error, and tune is modified to the bucket number in test value in turn with the correction value
It is whole, and pass through circulation amendment, Step wise approximation perfect condition.
In the method, correction value can be generated by the way of proportionality coefficient using seeking difference or asking, such as in perfect switch amount D
It is 100, and its error allowed is 1%, i.e., in the case that identified error range is 99-101, if certain test output
Switching value z be 97, then by difference method, correction value may is that+3 (97+3=100), next can be to corresponding test
Bucket number in value carries out+3 adjustment；By seeking proportionality coefficient method, then correction value may is that 1.03 (100/97=1.03), connect
Get off the bucket number in corresponding test value multiply 1.03 adjustment.
In operation later, if the switching value z of certain test output falls in the range of 99-101, that is to say, that |
Z-D |≤1, then, directly determining correction value is 0, when the corresponding correction value of all test groups is 0, that is, terminate to correct process,
Corresponding parameter value will be calculated for the last time and welcome rain flow function is finally decided.
The above preferred calibration method cannot be only used for the characteristic function model before tipping bucket rain gauge use
Calibration makes also guarantee to coincide enough with truth by the determining welcome rain flow function of non-constant raininess test accurate
Property, be equally readily applicable to that tipping bucket rain gauge carries out during long-time service calibrating for error and adjusting,
It only needs to provide test environment by conventional rainfall calibrator, and need to only be redefined in characteristic function model by calibration
(fitting) parameter value, the convenience and efficiency of calibration operation can be greatly promoted.
In order to further illustrate the feasible specific implementation mechanism of the present embodiment method, below in conjunction with Fig. 1-Fig. 7 to this
A kind of specific viable means that embodiment provides are specifically described:
In terms of apparatus structure, as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3, the present embodiment single unit system typically has single tipping bucket as one
Tipping bucket rain gauge, comprising: the raingauge receiver 1 of the top of bracket 2, the funnel 32 that 2 top of bracket is arranged in, setting are set
The counting swing mechanism 5 below tipping bucket 4 and the counting circuit including tongue tube 61 is arranged in tipping bucket 4 below funnel 3
Module 6.
Tipping bucket 4 is made up of hingedly tipping bucket shaft 41 and bracket 2；Swing mechanism 5 is counted by counting swing mechanism shaft
51 are constituted hingedly with bracket 2；The left small room 42 and right small room of tipping bucket 4 is arranged in tipping bucket shaft 41 and counting swing mechanism shaft 51
On 43 plane of symmetry.
As shown in Fig. 2, the integral installation of the present embodiment device counts electricity in the shell that shell 100 and pedestal 200 are constituted
Road module 6 is set to the side of bracket 2, is configured with output terminal 62 and battery 61, and overall package is in counting circuit module
On bracket 63.
As shown in figure 4, counting swing mechanism 5 provided in this embodiment includes extending respectively along left small room 42 and right small room 43
The resigning portion 53 of protruding portion 52, wrapping tipping bucket shaft 41 that direction is stretched out, and it is fixed with the pointer portion 54 of magnet steel 8；Pointer portion
54 swing highest point and the tongue tube 61 being arranged on 2 side wall of bracket it is contour (slightly below tongue tube 61 be also feasible scheme,
It only needs to guarantee when pointer portion 54 is in and swings highest point, the normally opened contact closure of tongue tube 61, when pointer portion 54 deviates most
When high point, the normally opened contact of tongue tube 61 is opened)；Magnet steel 8 is arranged on the plane of symmetry for counting swing mechanism 5.
Tipping bucket 4 and the range of rolling to each side for counting swing mechanism 5 are respectively limited by two locating parts, including two shaped like cylinder
The tipping bucket locating part 21 of shape protrusion and two counting swing mechanism locating parts 2222 shaped like cylindrical protrusion；The effect of locating part
It is to control tipping bucket 4 and count the maximum magnitude that swing mechanism 5 is swung, the path for overturning it each time is controllable.
In addition, the form for counting swing mechanism 5 also needs to meet: tipping bucket 4 is counting swing through path towards rolling to each side
When mechanism 5 is in any angle within swing allowed band, intersect with the protruding portion 52 for counting swing mechanism 5, to guarantee
The swing of overturning each time of tipping bucket 4 can accordingly drive counting swing mechanism 5 to swing, so that magnet steel 8 be made to occur that
The swing of tongue tube 61 is triggered, primary count is completed.
Meanwhile the center of gravity of tipping bucket 4 should be higher than that tipping bucket shaft 41；The center of gravity for counting swing mechanism 5 should be higher than that counting oscillating machine
Structure shaft 51, to avoid magnet steel 8 is swung repeatedly near tongue tube 61 and makes the state change of tongue tube 61 that can not be triggered.
With upper member other than including the most basic necessary component of conventional tipping bucket rain gauge, mainly to by dry spring
The counting component that pipe 61 (magnetic reed switch) and magnet steel 8 are constituted is adjusted.This embodiment scheme by magnet steel 8 be arranged with tipping bucket
On the 4 counting swing mechanisms 5 separated in structure, thus eliminate when magnet steel 8 and tongue tube 61 close to when the magnetic force pair that generates
The error that device entirety torque impacts to generate.The counting swing mechanism 5 is flipped in tipping bucket 4, currently holds rain one
During Catherine wheel Room 4 drops, is had an effect by corresponding side protruding portion 52 and the bottom of the tipping bucket Room 4, utilize tipping bucket 4
The kinetic energy driving of room tenesmus counts swing mechanism 5 and swings, thus make to be arranged in the swing of magnet steel 8 in pointer portion 54 and by with
The near point of tongue tube 61 can complete the triggering of a magnetic reed switch in the case where not influencing the torque of tipping bucket 4 itself.
It should be noted that 8 need of magnet steel, which are satisfied with, follows tipping bucket in the tipping bucket rain gauge of usual form
The counting of tipping bucket swing is completed in 4 swing and the opening and closing that can control tongue tube 61, not necessarily will be such as the present embodiment
Device scheme described in, it is necessary to setting need to only meet magnet steel 8 and be rocked on counting swing mechanism 5 or even its pointer portion 54
When a certain characteristic point, the normally opened contact closure of tongue tube 61 can be triggered, and when deviateing this feature point, tongue tube 61 it is normally opened
The condition that contact is opened, certainly, for the specific setting orientation for cooperating magnet steel 8, the specific set-up mode of tongue tube 61 can also
Flexibly to make adjustment.
Preferably, tipping bucket 4 is provided with the adjusting of the adjustable center of gravity perpendicular to tipping bucket shaft 41 in the present embodiment
Screw rod 7, according to the record of the Chinese patent of Publication No. CN107765349A, which can be with 4 He of linear regulation tipping bucket
The center of gravity for the assembly that adjusting screw rod 7 is constituted.And the rain face of holding of tipping bucket 4 is cylindrical surface.Under this kind of preferred structure, adjusting screw rod
7 should be arranged in the inside in pointer portion 54, to guarantee that the spacing between magnet steel 8 and tongue tube 61 is not too big and leads to tongue tube
61 can not be triggered always.
In terms of device circuit, as shown in Figure 5-Figure 7, the main control chip 66 as control, storage and arithmetic core is used
SMT32L051C8, respectively with clock circuit 65, detail programming interface 67, tongue tube 61, indicator light circuit 68, photoelectric coupling
Device 69, power circuit 612, antistatic protection circuit 613 and USB interface 611 connect.
Wherein, counting element of the tongue tube 61 as tipping bucket rain gauge, the magnetic reed switch counting circuit constituted
It is matched with tipping bucket rain gauge by the magnet steel 8 of the wobble drive of tipping bucket 4, whenever the overturning of tipping bucket 4 to preset position
When, the spacing of magnet steel 8 and tongue tube 61 is up to recently, so that the effect because of 8 magnetic field of magnet steel causes the normally opened of tongue tube 61 to open
It closes and closes conducting, and when magnet steel 8 continues to move, when departing slightly from tongue tube 61, the magnetic field of tongue tube 61 is influenced to weaken, then
The normal open switch of tongue tube 61 disconnects.The pulse that resulting tongue tube 61 is opened and closed can be used as the counting of tipping bucket overturning number
Foundation.
Realize the clock circuit 65 of important component by crystal oscillator, brilliant shake control chip and capacitor structure as the present embodiment
At its purpose is for measuring and measuring the adjacent time interval (bucket duration) being triggered twice of tongue tube 61.
Main control chip 66 undertakes the work of data storage and operation, a side during obtaining more accurate rainfall data
Face can obtain instant rainfall by preset welcome rain flow function and bucket duration calculation, then by the cumulative of instant rainfall and with
The division operation of the precision of tipping bucket rain gauge obtains the switching value of output.
In the present embodiment, the switching value for being sent to precipitation monitor terminal is defeated from output terminal 62 through photoelectrical coupler 69
Out.This kind of way of output is also contemplated that the mode for replacing with wireless signal transmission, without being transmitted by specific route
The switching value of tipping bucket rain gauge output.
In order to the effect of main control chip 66 accurately calculated is better achieved, present embodiments providing can directly and rainfall
Prover or host computer carry out the USB interface 611 of data interaction, more with the acquisition for realizing precipitation rain fall sensor output data or parameter
Newly, and can download obtain accurate calibration program detail programming interface 67, the program word that the present embodiment method is converted to
Local can be downloaded to or be updated by the port by mentioning its corresponding parameter value.Wherein, USB interface 611 and master control
Antistatic protection circuit 610 is provided between chip 66 to ensure the overall security of circuit system.
The power circuit 612 of the present embodiment is 1.8V power supply stabilization circuit, is powered by 8000 milliamperes of batteries 64, simultaneously
Being additionally provided with power supply decoupling filter circuit 613 enhances the stability of power supply.Some low-power consumption cores can be selected in high capacity cell cooperation
Piece and device, it is ensured that the present embodiment device works sufficiently long time (several years) in the case where not charging.
The present embodiment additionally provides indicator light circuit 68, is used to indicate the state of charge of power supply.
In contrast, in second embodiment of the invention, since its mentality of designing is based on existing tipping bucket type
Precipitation rain fall sensor device is considered, and is not required for the tipping bucket rain gauge device and is needed to have such as first implementation example figure
The counting circuit module of 5- special designing shown in Fig. 7, basic device condition need to only meet existing tipping bucket as shown in Figure 8
The basic structure that formula precipitation rain fall sensor has.
In the present embodiment, by struggle against duration t value acquisition, or even according to welcome rain flow function calculate total rainfall appoint
Business is executed and is placed at monitor terminal, and the tongue tube for the tipping bucket rain gauge being located locally is opened and closed the electronic signal of generation every time
Equal real-time Transmission is to monitor terminal.Monitor terminal can be restored by the time interval of two neighboring electronic signal at this time
The bucket duration of corresponding tipping bucket rain gauge, then calculated by the method that above embodiments provide.(certainly, welcome rain
The determination of flow function still must be in local progress, and the characteristic function after only determining can be placed on monitor terminal and carry out according to bucket
Duration asks the operation of total rainfall)
The advantage of this kind of realization approach is not sense the tipping bucket type rainfall of existing rainfall collection point substantially
Hardware of device itself (is not suitable for aforementioned rainfall sensor) in the case where being modified, only need to be in local to tipping bucket
Formula precipitation rain fall sensor carries out testing experiment, completes the building of welcome rain flow function.
But correspondingly, it by this kind of scheme, needs to be transformed existing monitor terminal, it is accurate to need to increase measuring and calculating
Time, and carry out the related device or operation program of derivation.
Finally, also it should be strongly noted that although 2 embodiments provided above are to bucket duration, (tipping bucket turns over twice
The time interval turned) acquisition scheme on by the Combination conversion of tongue tube 61 and magnet steel 8 are as follows: the phase that acquisition tongue tube generates
Time interval between adjacent two switching pulses.But in the solution of the present invention, the acquisition modes for the duration that struggles against are not tongue tube
61 and magnet steel 8 this specific device combination limited, it is similar by various other principles such as infrared sensor, touch sensor
Can equally obtain bucket duration close to the scheme of switch or contact-making switch, using dry in 2 embodiments provided above
The scheme of reed pipe 61 and magnet steel 8 is simply because this kind of scheme is the common scheme of current tipping bucket rain gauge, because not needing volume
Outer power supply, using effect are more superior.
This patent is not limited to above-mentioned preferred forms, anyone can obtain other each under the enlightenment of this patent
The preparation methods of the accurate rainfall data based on bucket parameter and raininess of kind of form, it is all to be done according to scope of the present invention patent
Equivalent changes and modifications should all belong to the covering scope of this patent.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of preparation method of the accurate rainfall data based on bucket parameter and raininess, it is characterised in that: be based on tipping bucket type rainfall
Sensor, comprising the following steps:
Step S1: in the confirmable total rainfall H of experimental enviroment0Under, it sets multiple and different and is in (0, umax] section is averaged
Raininess valueThe tipping bucket rain gauge is tested, and bucket parameter-raininess function is constructed according to test result:
F (u, y, t)=0；
Wherein, u is the equivalent raininess of bucket duration t, unit mm/min；The number y that struggles against is that tipping bucket overturns total degree, and bucket duration t is to turn over
It struggles against the interval time overturn twice, unit s；
And according to bucket parameter-raininess function, the relational expression set up when raininess is constant:And the definition of instant raininessObtain welcome rain flow function: J (h, t)=0；Wherein, the equivalent raininess that instant rainfall h is bucket duration t is in bucket duration t
The rainfall of interior generation, unit mm；Total rainfall H0Unit be mm；The unit of bucket duration t is s.
2. the preparation method of the accurate rainfall data according to claim 1 based on bucket parameter and raininess, which is characterized in that
In step sl, the tipping bucket rain gauge is tested, and bucket parameter-raininess function is constructed according to test result
Method particularly includes:
In total rainfall H that experimental enviroment gives0Under, it sets multiple and different and is in (0, umax] section raininess value u, each
Under raininess value, the tipping bucket overturning total degree y value of tipping bucket rain gauge in corresponding rainfall is measured；And establish u's and y
Map corresponding relationship；
Wherein, umaxFor raininess extreme value.
3. the preparation method of the accurate rainfall data according to claim 1 based on bucket parameter and raininess, it is characterised in that:
In step sl, the tipping bucket rain gauge is tested, and bucket parameter-raininess function is constructed according to test result
Method particularly includes:
In the confirmable total rainfall H of experimental enviroment0Under, the rain test of different raininess is provided repeatedly, to the tipping bucket type rainfall
Sensor is tested, and obtains bucket parameter-raininess function undetermined by way of fitting according to test result:
Bucket parameter-raininess the function undetermined includes n (n >=2) fitting parameters, and the value of the fitting parameter is by the following method
It obtains:
In total rainfall H that experimental enviroment gives0Under, it sets n difference and is in (0, umax] section average rainfall intensity value?
Each average rainfall intensity valueUnder, the tipping bucket overturning total degree y value of tipping bucket rain gauge in corresponding rainfall is measured, is obtained
Obtain the different numerical value (u of n group1,y1)、(u2,y2)、……(un,yn), and bring the bucket parameter-raininess function into, thereby determine that n
The value of a fitting parameter.
4. the preparation method of the accurate rainfall data according to claim 1 based on bucket parameter and raininess, it is characterised in that:
The specific steps of step S1 are as follows:
Step S11: according in the confirmable total rainfall H of experimental enviroment0The rain test of multiple varying strength down is turned over to described
Bucket type precipitation rain fall sensor carries out the fitting of the multiple groups test Value Data of test acquisition or according to tipping bucket rain gauge foundation
Mathematical model constructs bucket parameter-raininess function undetermined:Bucket parameter-raininess the function undetermined include n (n >=
2) fitting parameter；
Step S12: in the confirmable total rainfall H of experimental enviroment0Under, it sets n difference and is in (0, umax] section is averaged
Raininess valueThe tipping bucket rain gauge is tested, under each average rainfall intensity value, measures corresponding y value, is obtained
N group test value；
Step S13: it brings n group test value into bucket parameter-raininess function undetermined, calculates and obtain n fitting parameter, and determine according to this
Welcome rain flow function: J (h, t)=0；
Step S14: based on determining welcome rain flow function, using experimental condition identical with step S12 to the tipping bucket type rain
Quantity sensor is tested, and is obtained tipping bucket type rainfall according to the precision ε of the instant rainfall h and tipping bucket rain gauge measured and is passed
The switching value z of sensor output measures the value of corresponding switching value z under each average rainfall intensity value, obtains n switching value z；
Step S15: n switching value z value is compared operation with perfect switch amount D, obtains n correction value, in which:ε is the precision of tipping bucket rain gauge, if a certain z value falls in error range determined by perfect switch amount D
Interior, then corresponding correction value is 0；When all correction values are 0, then terminate to construct；As long as there is a correction value to be not zero,
Continue to execute step S16；
Step S16: being respectively modified the y value in n group test value using the n correction values, obtains revised n group examination
Test value；
Step S17: bringing the revised n group test value into bucket parameter-raininess function undetermined, calculates and obtains n fitting ginseng
Number, and bucket parameter-raininess function: F (u, y, t)=0 and welcome rain flow function: J (h, t)=0 is redefined according to this；And it returns to
Step S14.
5. the preparation method of -4 any accurate rainfall data based on bucket parameter and raininess according to claim 1,
It is characterized by further comprising:
Step S2: during rainfall continues, according to the value of the welcome rain flow function and bucket duration t, instant rainfall h is obtained；
Step S3: the value of all instant rainfall h during being counted according to gross rainfall obtains total rainfall H.
6. the preparation method of the accurate rainfall data according to claim 5 based on bucket parameter and raininess, it is characterised in that:
The tipping bucket rain gauge includes: raingauge receiver, the funnel being arranged in below the raingauge receiver, is arranged below the funnel
Tipping bucket, the magnet steel that is driven by the tipping bucket and the counting circuit module including tongue tube；The bucket duration t is tongue tube
The time interval between two neighboring switching pulse generated.
7. the preparation method of the accurate rainfall data according to claim 6 based on bucket parameter and raininess, it is characterised in that:
The counting circuit modular belt has clock circuit；The bucket duration t is obtained by the adjacent time interval being triggered twice of tongue tube
, and the clock signal that the clock circuit by being arranged in the counting circuit module provides calculates exact value.
8. the preparation method of the accurate rainfall data according to claim 7 based on bucket parameter and raininess, which is characterized in that
In step s3, total rainfall H receives the switching value of tipping bucket rain gauge output by calculating monitor terminal
Number obtains, and the switching value is obtained by the precision ε of instant rainfall h and tipping bucket rain gauge；The switching value passes through
The accumulated value of instant rainfall h and the precision ε of tipping bucket rain gauge, which are divided by, to be obtained or by instant rainfall h and tipping bucket type rainfall
The precision ε of sensor carries out cumulative acquisition after being divided by.
9. the preparation method of the accurate rainfall data according to claim 6 based on bucket parameter and raininess, it is characterised in that:
In step s 2: the tongue tube is opened and closed the equal real-time Transmission of electronic signal of generation to monitor terminal every time, and the value for the duration t that struggles against exists
Monitor terminal, which calculates, to be obtained.
10. the preparation method of the accurate rainfall data according to claim 1 based on bucket parameter and raininess, feature exist
In: after step S1, according to welcome rain flow function andRelational expression, obtain equivalent raininess function:
G (u, t)=0；
Wherein, the unit of the equivalent raininess u of bucket duration t is mm/min.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116226606A (en) * | 2023-05-05 | 2023-06-06 | 安徽省大气探测技术保障中心 | Unmanned automatic weather station rainfall data quality control method and system |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004198366A (en) * | 2002-12-20 | 2004-07-15 | Yokogawa Denshikiki Co Ltd | Rain gauge |
| CN108873108A (en) * | 2018-05-08 | 2018-11-23 | 河海大学 | One kind can trace to the source tilting bucket rain and its measurement method |
-
2018
- 2018-12-26 CN CN201811606261.2A patent/CN109444995B/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004198366A (en) * | 2002-12-20 | 2004-07-15 | Yokogawa Denshikiki Co Ltd | Rain gauge |
| CN108873108A (en) * | 2018-05-08 | 2018-11-23 | 河海大学 | One kind can trace to the source tilting bucket rain and its measurement method |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116226606A (en) * | 2023-05-05 | 2023-06-06 | 安徽省大气探测技术保障中心 | Unmanned automatic weather station rainfall data quality control method and system |
| CN116226606B (en) * | 2023-05-05 | 2023-07-04 | 安徽省大气探测技术保障中心 | Unmanned automatic weather station rainfall data quality control method and system |
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