CN109444903A - A kind of optical phased array laser radar apparatus - Google Patents
A kind of optical phased array laser radar apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN109444903A CN109444903A CN201811219546.0A CN201811219546A CN109444903A CN 109444903 A CN109444903 A CN 109444903A CN 201811219546 A CN201811219546 A CN 201811219546A CN 109444903 A CN109444903 A CN 109444903A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/02—Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
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- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of optical phased array laser radar apparatus, including laser array light source, double-layer liquid crystal array of photoswitch, photoswitch scan controller, double structure grating array device, laser reflection signal processing unit and optical lens, the optical lens includes scanning illumination lens and target reflection receivable lens, it is separately positioned between double structure grating array device and irradiation target and between irradiation target and laser reflection signal processing unit, is respectively used to correct outgoing beam and incident beam.The present invention passes through common low power laser diode package into laser array light source, using the double-layer liquid crystal array of photoswitch of special designing as beam channel control device, phase-modulation is carried out to laser beam under the control of gate control device, reaches various far field irradiation modes using the distinctive function of double structure grating device of special designing.Laser reflection signal processing unit is received, handled and is calculated the informations parameter such as distance, orientation, speed to the reflected laser signal of target.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the optical phased array technical field of field of optical detection more particularly to a kind of optical phased array laser
Radar installations.
Background technique
Currently, artificial intelligence technology is fast-developing, the application neck such as target acquisition, weapon guidance, unmanned, automatic obstacle avoiding
There is an urgent need to a kind of quick, accurate, comprehensive target detection techniques in domain.Radar is most common detection means, with traditional machine
The radar of tool scanning technique is compared, and phase-array scanning technology is arranged in antenna array using the small size antenna unit of a large amount of independent controls
Face, each antenna element are controlled by independent phase switcher, by controlling the phase of each antenna element transmitting, can be synthesized not
Same-phase wave beam.Based on the inspiration of phase controlling Electronically Scanned Array radar, swashed using the solid-state of optical phased array scanning technique
Optical radar becomes research hotspot due to its broad application prospect.It is different from mechanical scanning laser radar, due to not needing to rotate
Component can greatly reduce the structure snd size of radar, improve service life, and reduce cost；Without being limited by mechanical rotation
Speed and precision, the scanning speed of optical phased array depends on the electronics property of material therefor, can generally reach MHz
Magnitude；The scanning accuracy of optical phased array depends on the precision of control electric signal, can achieve one thousandth measurement level or more；Light
The light beam direction for learning phased array is controlled by electric signal completely, can accomplish any direction, Ke Yi in the angular range of permission
Key area carries out highdensity scanning；One phased front can be divided into multiple little modules, and each module is separately controlled i.e.
The multiple targets of monitoring can be locked simultaneously.But solid-state laser radar also has the shortcomings that it is corresponding, and optical grating diffraction is other than central bright fringe
It also will form other bright lines, this problem can allow laser to form secondary lobe, the energy of dispersion laser other than maximum power direction；It is special
It is not that optical phased array requirement array cell sizes must be no more than half wavelength, the operation wavelength of general current laser radar is equal
In 1 microns, therefore the size of array element must be not more than 500nm.And array density is higher, and energy is also more concentrated, this
The requirement to machining accuracy is all improved, certain technological break-through is needed.Therefore, there is an urgent need to one kind independent of limited manufacture
Material, technique, structure, low cost optical phased array laser radar implement technical solution, enable using flexible, it is simple,
The reliable various applications for realizing optical phased array laser radar, this product will have boundless market prospects.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of optical phased array laser radar apparatus, can satisfy laser radar to laser source
The requirement of higher-wattage, particular beam, while the application such as realize search, detection, positioning, tracking.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention are as follows:
A kind of optical phased array laser radar apparatus, including it is laser array light source, double-layer liquid crystal array of photoswitch, double
Structure fringe array device, photoswitch scan controller, laser reflection signal processing unit and optical lens, the optics
Lens include scanning illumination lens and target reflection receivable lens, are separately positioned on double structure grating array device and irradiation target
Between and irradiation target and laser reflection signal processing unit between, be respectively used to rectify outgoing beam and incident beam
Just；
The laser array light source provides the multiple beam of planar array distribution, parallel laser as the radiation source of system
Beam；
The double structure grating array device is that the light transmission array element of array coarse grating is partially submerged into the structure structure of fine grating
At making that its diffraction nesting and spatial synchronization interference pattern generate various steering angles and range direction exposure intensity is adjustable
Far field irradiation mode；
The light beam of the laser array light source transmitting is under photoswitch scan controller control, via described
The delayed strobe of double-layer liquid crystal array of photoswitch is between light beam and light beam itself carries out dependent phase modulation, in conjunction with double
Structure fringe array device is to complete to carry out target optical phased array scanning irradiation；
Laser diode array element, the light passing window battle array of double-layer liquid crystal array of photoswitch of the laser array light source
Quantity, the size of space of member and the array element of double structure grating array device coarse grating are mutually corresponded and are consistent,
Laser reflection signal processing unit is received, handled and is calculated distance, orientation, speed to the reflected laser signal of target
The informations parameter such as degree.
The double structure grating array device includes n × m optical transmission window, according to n row × chequered with black and white row of m column rectangle
Column distribution, black portions are opaque, white portion light transmission, any one light transmitting cells width impermeable light unit adjacent thereto
Width is equal, and the sum of any one light transmitting cells width width of impermeable light unit adjacent thereto carries out phase for this element
The cell spacing when modulation of position, is denoted as D, to constitute n row × m column rectangle chequered with black and white arranged distribution device body, institute
The optical transmission window stated is an independent face battle array grating, and the circular hole of s*s light transmission is uniform-distribution in the face battle array grating,
In, the cell spacing of face battle array grating is denoted as d, then D is the integral multiple of d, and wherein n, m, s, D, d are positive integer.
When in use, each light transmitting cells of array respectively correspond a laser to the double structure grating array device
Diode light-source and a phase modulation window, the wavelength of laser diode light source are that then d is not more than 1/2.
The double-layer liquid crystal array of photoswitch includes the first layer liquid crystal board and second layer liquid crystal by being arranged above and below
Plate constitute, the upper surface of first layer liquid crystal board be successively arranged in parallel with the first orientation film, row scan electrode, upper glass plate and on
Polarizing film is successively arranged in parallel with the second orientation film, row signal electrode and intermediate glass plates below first layer liquid crystal board；
Third orientation film and column scan electrode, second layer liquid crystal is successively arranged in parallel in the upper surface of second layer liquid crystal board pole plate
The 4th orientation film, column signal electrode, lower glass plates and lower polarizing film are successively arranged in parallel with below plate；And row scanning electricity
Pole is mutually perpendicular to and covers up and down be aligned with row signal electrode, and column signal electrode is mutually perpendicular to row signal electrode and covers up and down
Alignment, column scan electrode are mutually perpendicular to and cover up and down be aligned with column signal electrode；
First orientation film, the second orientation film, third orientation film and the 4th orientation film is thin by one
Layer macromolecule organic, oriented friction treatment make rod shaped liquid crystal molecule be parallel to glass surface, arrange along the direction of directional process
Column, molecularly oriented and the molecularly oriented of crystal lower surface for making the crystal upper surface of each layer of liquid crystal board are mutually perpendicular to；
The row scan electrode has n, and n row scan electrode is uniformly divided into n1 group, and each group of expert's scan electrode has
N2 is a, then n=n1*n2；Electrode width and interval are distributed in equidimension in group, and every group of width and interval are distributed in equidimension；
The column scan electrode has m, and m column scan electrode is uniformly divided into m1 group, there is column scan electrode in each group
M2 is a, then m=m1*m2；Electrode width and interval are distributed in equidimension in group, and every group of width and interval are distributed in equidimension；
The n group row scan electrode corresponds to n3 row signal electrode, and m group column scan electrode corresponds to m3 column signal electricity
Pole.
The photoswitch scan controller includes holding circuit, gating circuit, photoswitch Strobe Controller and independence
Controllable regulated power supply；The input terminal of the control output end connection gating circuit of the photoswitch Strobe Controller, gating circuit
Output end be connected by holding circuit with the electrode in switch arrays to be controlled；The individually controllable regulated power supply is used for
Holding circuit, gating circuit and photoswitch Strobe Controller are powered；The holding circuit is identical by multiple structures
Holding unit is constituted, and holding circuit includes row/column signal holding circuit, column scan holding circuit and row scanning holding circuit；
The gating circuit includes that row/column signal gating circuit, column scan gating electricity are made of the identical gating unit of multiple structures
Road and row scanning holding circuit.
The holding circuit includes the peripheral circuit that amplifier MAX419 and capacitor are constituted；The gating circuit is using high
Fast CMOS multiplex electronics CA74HC4051, or CA74HC4067 is used to save used number of chips.
The laser array light source is arranged by n row × m and is constituted on light array element array arrangement to extensible framework, described
Light array element is the individual being individually encapsulated, and light array element includes pressing ring, collimation lens, adjustment gasket, laser diode, pre-driver
Circuit, socket, metal shell and organic silica gel, the socket are fixed on metal shell one end, are connected with pre-driver circuit
It connects；The laser diode of heat sink encapsulation is fixed on middle position in metal shell, pin and the pre-driver electricity of laser diode
The output end on road connects and passes through organic silica gel encapsulating；Collimation lens is fixed at metal respectively by adjusting gasket and pressing ring
The other end in shell；
It include upper and lower stationary barrier disposed in parallel in the extensible framework, n row × m arranges the vertical battle array of array element
Column are arranged between upper and lower stationary barrier, are parallel to each other between array element, and interval of the socket end between lower end, array element is uniform
Unanimously, and in interval it is filled with Embedding Material, the Embedding Material is the mixture of aluminium powder and silica gel, and filling while is also right
Array light source is integrally packaged；
The driving circuit includes filter circuit and driving and intednsity circuit, the input terminal of the filter circuit
The output end of socket, the input terminal of filter circuit output end connection driving and intednsity circuit are connected, driving is controlled with brightness
The correspondence pin of the output end connection laser diode of circuit.
N × m laser array light source corresponds to the array of photoswitch with n × m light passing window, and has n × m
The double structure grating array device of coarse grating array element, a corresponding light source array element and a photoswitch light passing window and one
The coarse grating array element of double structure grating array forms a micro-optical phased array irradiation tunnel, n × m micro-optical phased array
Irradiation tunnel cooperates according to certain sequence, phase difference, forms the whole laser radar based on optical phased array technology and sweeps
Irradiation operating mode is retouched, target is received and by microcontroller solution the reflection signal of irradiation laser by avalanche photodide device
Calculate related information parameters.
The liquid crystal optical switch array with double-layer structure, using " gating → holding → gating → holding → gating
→... " sequentially gates and keeps working method, and specifically the requirement for different scanning work modes to driving signal is different,
Linear scan, sectoring and three kinds of deep focus gating (scanning) operating modes are wherein directed to, corresponding driving signal is designed
Feature is as follows with timing requirements:
1. linear scan: delay time is certain or rule changes, and driving signal amplitude is certain, and various element leads to choosing item by item, appoints
The meaning moment can only have an element gating；
2. sectoring: delay time changes according to fan sweeping rule, and driving signal amplitude is certain, and various element gates item by item, preceding
The subsequent holding gating of the element of phase gating；
3. exposure intensity controls: the variation of delay time rule, driving signal amplitude are selected item by item by rule variation, various element
Logical, early period, the subsequent holding of element of gating gated.
A kind of optical phased array laser radar apparatus of the present invention, will common low power laser diode package Cheng Ji
Optical arrays light source provides a kind of laser illumination source of novel multiple beam for laser radar, using the double-layer structure of special designing
Liquid crystal optical switch array carries out phase to laser beam under the control of gating (scanning) control device as beam channel control device
Position modulation, reaches various far field irradiation modes using the distinctive function of double structure grating device of special designing, use is highly sensitive
Degree, low noise indium gallium arsenic photoelectric detector receive target laser reflection signal and carry out the resolving of measurement parameter, realize search, inspection
The applications such as survey, positioning, tracking, meanwhile, laser array light source, double-layer liquid crystal array of photoswitch, double structure grating device sheet
Body can also be applied independently in other optics TT&C systems.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the principle of the present invention structure chart；
Fig. 2 is double structure grating array device coarse grating structural schematic diagram of the invention；
Fig. 3 is double structure grating array device fine grating structural schematic diagram of the invention；
Fig. 4 is optical phased array operation principle schematic diagram of the invention；
Fig. 5 is double-layer liquid crystal array of photoswitch structure chart of the invention；
Fig. 6 is laser array light-source structure figure of the invention；
Fig. 7 is the structural schematic diagram in battle array source in laser array light source of the present invention；
Fig. 8 is the circuit diagram of light source driving circuit in laser array light source of the present invention；
Fig. 9 is that photoswitch of the invention gates (scanning) control device functional block diagram；
Figure 10 is that 8 channels of the invention gate (scanning), keep electric operation control circuit figure；
Figure 11 is photoswitch scan control circuit figure of the invention.
Specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention includes laser array light source 1, double-layer liquid crystal array of photoswitch 2, double structure grating
Array device 3, photoswitch scan controller 4, laser reflection signal processing unit 5 and optical lens 6, the optical lens
Including scanning illumination lens and target reflection receivable lens, be separately positioned on double structure grating array device 3 and irradiation target it
Between and irradiation target and laser reflection signal processing unit 5 between, be respectively used to rectify outgoing beam and incident beam
Just；
The laser array light source 1 provides the multiple beam of planar array distribution as the radiation source of system, swashs in parallel
Light beam；
The double structure grating array device 3 is that the light transmission array element of array coarse grating is partially submerged into the structure structure of fine grating
At making that its diffraction nesting and spatial synchronization interference pattern generate various steering angles and range direction exposure intensity is adjustable
Far field irradiation mode；
The light beam that the laser array light source 1 emits is under the photoswitch scan controller 4 control, via described
Double-layer liquid crystal array of photoswitch 2 delayed strobe between light beam and light beam itself carries out dependent phase modulation, knot
Double structure grating array device 3 is closed to complete to carry out target optical phased array scanning irradiation；
The light passing window of the laser diode array element of the laser array light source 1, double-layer liquid crystal array of photoswitch 2
Quantity, the size of space of the array element of 3 coarse grating of array element and double structure grating array device mutually correspond and keep one
It causes, laser reflection signal processing unit is received, handled and calculated distance, side to the reflected laser signal of target
The informations parameter such as position, speed.
As shown in Figures 2 and 3, the double structure grating array device 3 includes n × m optical transmission window, according to n row × m
The chequered with black and white arranged distribution of column rectangle, black portions are opaque, white portion light transmission, any one light transmitting cells (window) 8 is wide
The width for spending impermeable light unit 9 adjacent thereto is equal, and the opaque list that any one 8 width of light transmitting cells is adjacent thereto
The sum of width of member 9 carries out cell spacing when phase-modulation for this element, D is denoted as, so that it is black to constitute n row × m column rectangle
The device body of white spaced distribution, the optical transmission window are an independent face battle array grating, in the face battle array grating
Be uniform-distribution with the circular hole of s*s light transmission, wherein face battle array grating cell spacing be denoted as d, then D be d integral multiple, wherein n,
M, s, D, d are positive integer.
Using photoetching and etching technics, using matrix face battle array structure, according to n row × chequered with black and white arranged distribution of m column rectangle,
Black portions are opaque, white portion light transmission, wherein white light transmission part itself is also an independent face battle array grating, grating ginseng
Number is specifically designed according to device using corresponding optical maser wavelength, it is made to have higher diffraction efficiency.
When in use, each light transmitting cells of array respectively correspond a laser diode light to the double structure grating device
Source and a phase modulation window, the wavelength of laser diode light source are λ, then d is not more than 1/2 λ,
As shown in Figures 2 and 3, double structure grating array device 3, so-called double structure refer to that coarse grating is embedded and are cased with thin light
Grid.Double structure grating array device is made of thick, fine grating dual structure, and each light transmitting cells of coarse grating correspond respectively to swash
Light irradiates a light beam (beam of laser that a laser diode issues) for array, and effect is by traditional based on optics phase
Control battle array laser radar becomes breaching to phase modulator the modulation of laser array multiple beam to the phase-modulation of single beam
The size of array element must be no more than the limitation of 500nm (corresponding to 1 microns of optical maser wavelength), so that utilizing conventional material
Material, processing technology and technique are produced applied to the device for carrying out phase-modulation in optical phased array；Above-mentioned each light transmitting cells
It is a fine grating array again, similar with traditional devices, grating parameter depends on optical maser wavelength, carries out to single beam laser related
Control, the effect that thick, fine grating combines are that the material of making devices is easy to get, and micro-structure processing request is greatly lowered, manufacture craft,
Equipment requirement simplifies, and the applicability of device, which obtains, greatly to be promoted.
As shown in Figure 1, with optical phase modulator part to be bonded two-dimensional array of optical phased for the double structure grating device
Battle array component, after realizing that laser array light source 1 is incident on optical phased array component, by each list for controlling phase modulator 2
Beam phase in member between the phase difference and unit of adjacent beams is poor, so that light beam is defeated via double structure grating array device 3
The phase of light wave is identical in a specified direction out, to realize the constructive interference of the direction, while the phase of output light is at it
Its direction generates destructive interference, thus by making corresponding position of the light focusing at targeted scans position 7, coarse grating after lens
Larger structure size combined with the microstructure size of fine grating, meet while capable of obtaining large-size device as optics
The use function of optical beam scanner part in phased-array laser radar system, and reliability when at low cost, simple process, use
It is high.A lasing area battle array component is formed by n × m light transmitting cells, the phase of each laser diode emergent light is driven by control
Position and intensity control to the direction scanning for realizing face battle array component emergent light and exposure intensity, are applied to such as laser radar, swash
The occasions such as ligh-ranging；As shown in figure 4, when specifically used, the corresponding independent laser diode of each loophole of coarse grating
The light beam of device, the beam phase difference of laser diode device is ΔΦ, emergent light deflection angle between adjacent loophole.
θs=arcsin [(ΔΦ λ)/(2 π D)]
Wherein, λ is lambda1-wavelength, and D is adjacent modulation cell spacing (or coarse grating parameter), and ΔΦ is adjacent cells
Phase difference.The size and the positive and negative direction that can be realized for controlling phase difference ΔΦ scan, for corresponding two-dimensional array device, control row
Between unit phase difference can realize azimuth scan, control column between unit phase difference can realize pitching scanning, control condenser lens
Front and back depth of focus variation can be achieved, the opening degree of control photoswitch can control exposure intensity.
Each light beam inside fine grating can carry out similar above-mentioned phase-modulation, can not also modulate, modulated whole
Body effect, which is better than, does not modulate.When being modulated, it is by phase modulator control adjacent beams phase differenceEmergent light is inclined
Gyration keeps consistent with coarse grating modulation deflection angle, i.e.,
Wherein, λ is lambda1-wavelength, and d is adjacent modulation beam separation (or fine grating parameter),For adjacent cells
Phase difference, while needing to guarantee that ΔΦ isIntegral multiple.
The present invention is designed to deal with laser array integration problem and phase using the special construction that thick, fine grating combines
Modulation unit spacing miniaturization issues, coarse grating parameter are integrated, the problem of device installation with meeting multi-laser；Fine grating ginseng
Number closes the phase modulator of special designing, and realization phase modulation unit spacing is miniaturized, eliminates secondary lobe, improving efficiency and essence
The problem of degree.
As shown in figure 5, the double-layer liquid crystal array of photoswitch 2 is by 28 He of first layer liquid crystal board that is arranged above and below
Second layer liquid crystal board 29 is constituted, and the upper surface of first layer liquid crystal board 28 is successively arranged in parallel with the first orientation film 17, row scanning electricity
Pole 22, upper glass plate 21 and upper polarizer 27 are successively arranged in parallel with the second orientation film below first layer liquid crystal board 28
16, row signal electrode 24 and intermediate glass plates 30；It is thin that third orientation is successively arranged in parallel in the upper surface of 29 pole plate of second layer liquid crystal board
Film 18 and column scan electrode 23 are successively arranged in parallel with the 4th orientation film 19, column signal electricity below second layer liquid crystal board 29
Pole 25, lower glass plates 20 and lower polarizing film 31；The row signal electrode 24 and column signal electrode 25 is connected separately with electrode
Lead-out wire 26, extraction pin laying is reasonable, facilitates row signal electrode 24 and column signal electricity for making for the electrode outlet line 26
Pole 25 is respectively with row scan electrode 22 and 23 wiring of column scan electrode in the same horizontal plane, convenient for being connected with drive control circuit
It connects control row signal electrode 24 and column signal electrode 25 is powered；The row scan electrode 22 has n, and n row scan electrode is equal
Even to be divided into n1 group, each group of expert's scan electrode has n2, then n=n1*n2；Electrode width and interval are in equidimension point in group
Cloth, every group of width and interval are distributed in equidimension；
Intermediate glass plates 30 in the present invention are double-face electrode pole plate, i.e. first layer liquid crystal board 28 and 29 plate of second layer liquid crystal
Shared glass plate can also process corresponding electrode respectively using two glass plates in actual use and realize, but obvious
Cost is saved not as good as a glass plate is shared, shared glass plate can be arranged simultaneously corresponding in two end faces up and down of glass plate
Electrode is integrally machined.
The column scan electrode 23 has m, and m column scan electrode is uniformly divided into m1 group, column scan electrode in each group
There are m2, then m=m1*m2；Electrode width and interval are distributed in equidimension in group, and every group of width and interval are distributed in equidimension；
N1 group row scan electrode corresponds to n3 row signal electrode, and m1 group column scan electrode corresponds to m3 column signal electrode,
Middle n, n1, n2, m, m1, m2, n3, m3 are positive integer.
Row scan electrode 22 is mutually perpendicular to and covers up and down be aligned with row signal electrode 24, and column signal electrode 25 and row are believed
Number electrode 24 is mutually perpendicular to and covers up and down alignment, and column scan electrode 23 and column signal electrode 25 are mutually perpendicular to and cover up and down pair
Together；I.e. due to for vertical relation, so must will mutually correspond to, i.e., cannot have below the part of row scan electrode 22 not with
The part of its corresponding row signal electrode 24, on the contrary there cannot be row not corresponding above the part of row signal electrode 24 to sweep
Retouch the part of electrode 22；There are same relationships for column scan electrode 23 and column signal electrode 25, thus constitute double-layer structure photoswitch
The Biodiversity Characteristics of control method.
First orientation film 17, the second orientation film 16, third orientation film 18 and the 4th orientation film 19 is
It is by a thin layer macromolecule organic, oriented friction treatment makes rod shaped liquid crystal molecule be parallel to glass surface, along directional process
Direction arrangement, the molecularly oriented of molecularly oriented and the crystal lower surface of the crystal upper surface for making each layer of liquid crystal board is mutual
Vertically.The orientation of the liquid crystal molecule gradually distorts, and 90 ° have been distorted from liquid crystal upper surface to lower surface, thus be known as distortion to
Column facies pattern liquid crystal board.The polarization direction of upper polarizer 27 is identical as the upper surface molecularly oriented of 28 crystal of first layer liquid crystal board, the
The upper surface molecularly oriented and 28 crystal upper surface molecularly oriented keeping parallelism of first layer liquid crystal board of two layers of 29 crystal of liquid crystal board, under
The polarization direction of polarizing film 31 and the polarization direction of upper polarizer 27 are consistent.
When all electrodes are in low level, after light beam incidence upper polarizer 27, formed and first by upper polarizer 27
The equally oriented linearly polarized light of layer 28 surface molecular of liquid crystal board, incident first layer liquid crystal board 28, polarization direction is long with liquid crystal molecule
Axis is rotated by 90 °, and to project perpendicular to the linearly polarized light of 29 upper surface molecularly oriented of second layer liquid crystal board, therefore light can not be by the
Two layers 29 layers of liquid crystal board, i.e. array element is in " disconnected " state；Row scanning and column scan electrode is powered and current potential higher than specific threshold,
When corresponding pickup electrode is grounded, after light beam incidence upper polarizer, formed and 28 surface molecular of first layer liquid crystal board by polarizing film
Equally oriented linearly polarized light, incident first layer liquid crystal board 28, since the polarization direction of electric field action light is in first layer liquid crystal board
It no longer rotates and remains unchanged when being propagated in 28, to be parallel to the linear polarization light emission of 29 upper surface molecularly oriented of second layer liquid crystal board
Out, same principle, emergent ray polarization direction original polarization direction is parallel after light passes through 29 layers of second layer liquid crystal board, under can passing through
Polarizing film realizes light outgoing, i.e., array element is in " logical " state.
The photoswitch scan controller includes holding circuit, gating circuit, photoswitch Strobe Controller and independence
Controllable regulated power supply；The input terminal of the control output end connection gating circuit of the photoswitch Strobe Controller, gating circuit
Output end be connected by holding circuit with the electrode in switch arrays to be controlled；The individually controllable regulated power supply is used for
Holding circuit, gating circuit and photoswitch Strobe Controller etc. are powered；The holding circuit is identical by multiple structures
Holding unit constitute, and holding circuit include row/column signal holding circuit, column scan holding circuit and row scanning keep electricity
Road；The gating circuit includes that row/column signal gating circuit, column scan gating are made of the identical gating unit of multiple structures
Circuit and row scanning holding circuit.
As shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7, the laser array light source 1 of the present invention arranges 46 array of an array element row by n row × m
It is constituted on cloth to extensible framework 45, the array element 46 is the individual being individually encapsulated, and array element 46 includes pressing ring 54, collimates thoroughly
Mirror 53, adjustment gasket 52, laser diode 51, pre-driver circuit 49, socket 47, metal shell 48 and organic silica gel 50, institute
The socket 47 stated is fixed on 48 one end of metal shell, is connected with pre-driver circuit 49；Wherein, light source, that is, laser diode
51, gasket 52 and the composition collimation correction link of collimation lens 53 are adjusted, carries out certain model by adjusting the thickness difference of gasket 52
The adjusting enclosed；Specially designed pre-driver circuit 49 have electric power polarity identification function, can adaptive connection external power supply,
AC and DC is general simultaneously.
Laser diode 51, pre-driver circuit 49 and 53 individual packages of collimation lens are a monomer, battle array by array element 46
Column not by array format with array element is how many is limited so that the control methods such as corresponding operating mode, scanning, correction are relatively independent
And it is easily achieved the implementation of different technologies route, so that array overall performance is influenced to be preferably minimized by individual array element characteristics.
The laser diode 51 is the laser diode of heat sink encapsulation, and the laser diode of heat sink encapsulation is fixed on gold
Belong to shell 48 in middle position, the pin of the laser diode of heat sink encapsulation connect with the output end of pre-driver circuit 49 and
Pass through 50 encapsulating of organic silica gel；Collimation lens is fixed at respectively by adjusting gasket and pressing ring another in metal shell
End；
It include upper stationary barrier 41 disposed in parallel, lower stationary barrier 42, n row × m column in the extensible framework
The vertical array arrangement of a array element 46 is parallel to each other between array element 46 between upper and lower stationary barrier, and socket end is in lower end, battle array
Interval uniformity between member, and Embedding Material 43 is filled in interval, the Embedding Material 43 is aluminium powder and silica gel
Mixture, filling while, are also integrally packaged 46 light source of array；As shown in fig. 6, the connection of array element 46 and external circuitry
Using connector 47, connector 47 includes two electrodes of power supply and control one electrode of signal, specially designed electric power polarity
Automatic identification circuit can adaptive connection external power supply, connectionless polarity is to the sorrow (regardless of positive and negative electrode) of mistake, AC and DC power supply
It is general, and be grounded can inside array communications and liaison, therefore three-wire system can be used for array element or two-wire system is connect with external circuit.Three-wire system
When connection, input power is DC constant voltage source, the driving power as semiconductor laser diode；Semiconductor laser diode
Brightness controls field effect transistor switch pipe by brightness regulated signal independent control, by the duty ratio or frequency that change brightness regulated signal
On/off adjust laser brightness.
When two-wire system connects, brightness regulated signal is invalid (ground connection), and input power is amplitude variable DC voltage source, voltage
On-off control semiconductor laser diode on-off；The size control semiconductor laser diode of supply voltage amplitude it is bright
Degree.
Fig. 6 show laser array light source composition schematic diagram, a kind of laser array light source for optical scanner, benefit
The distribution type laser that can be applied to optical phased array laser radar is fabricated to current general semiconductor laser diode device
Source, using array element individual packages, control；Array element in expansible metal framework, is filled by the fixed post package of upper and lower metal partion (metp)
Silica gel sealing；Array package metal framework offers half I-shaped guide groove, multiple arrays can by I-shaped lock in terms of, quickly
Composition different form, size array component, suitable for different application requirements.
One outstanding feature of the laser array light source is that array element is independent by illuminator, pre-driver and collimation amendment
Be encapsulated as a monomer, not by array format with array element is how many is limited so that corresponding operating mode, scanning, correction etc. are controlled
Method processed is relatively independent and is easily achieved the implementation of different technologies route, is not influenced by array element characteristic.Convenient, expansible encapsulation
Frame is also one of the feature of laser array light source, on the basis of using array element individual packages, the extension connection of packaging frame
It is the important indicator of product applicability, design opens up semi-shaped built in annular through lead using along encapsulation outer surface lower edge
Slot is connected and fixed using I-shaped lock, is neither spliced when needing to splice extension by dock in opposite directions two array modules
The limitation of extension form, and do not increase auxiliary element and difficulty, it is just really realizing array extension and is being equal to simple device parallel connection
Using.
As shown in figure 8, the driving circuit includes filter circuit and driving and intednsity circuit, the filtered electrical
The output end of the input terminal connection socket on road, the input terminal of filter circuit output end connection driving and intednsity circuit, driving
With the corresponding pin of the output end of intednsity circuit connection laser diode.The driving circuit further includes having electric power polarity
Translation circuit, the electric power polarity translation circuit is rectification module, for opposed polarity direct current or alternating current to be converted into
Determine polar direct current, the power supply as subsequent conditioning circuit.The filter circuit includes pre-filtering and post-filtering, difference
The input terminal and output end of rectification module are set, and the pre-filtering and post-filtering are all made of capacitor filtering.Described
Driving includes that reference voltage, comparator, biasing resistor R1, calibration resistance R2, current-limiting resistance R3 and field are imitated with intednsity circuit
Ying Guan opens and closes control and brightness regulation control for carrying out according to external control signal to laser diode load.
Pre-driver circuit by socket, preceding filtering, reversal, post filtering, reference voltage, comparator, biasing, feedback,
Calibration, field-effect high speed switch tube and load (laser diode) composition, patch after rectification circuit input end is in parallel with preceding filtering
Seat power input contact pin, the backward subsequent conditioning circuit power supply in parallel with post filtering of polarity transformation circuits output end；Reference voltage chip
Input terminal combination hub brightness regulation contact pin, output connect the reference voltage input terminal of comparator, and the output of comparator connects field-effect height
The on/off of fast switch controlled pole control switch realizes the adjusting of semiconductor laser diode on/off and brightness, additionally
Including biasing, feedback, calibration and current-limiting circuit.Front end is connect by socket with external circuit, and rear end output, which directly drives, partly to be led
Volumetric laser diode.Through socket input power supply after C1 is filtered input rectifying module (being equivalent to reversal above-mentioned) it is defeated
Enter end, the output end of rectification module is powered after C2 is filtered for comparator and semiconductor laser diode.External brightness regulation
Signal connects the input terminal of reference voltage module through socket, and the Voltage Reference end of the output termination comparator of reference voltage module is made
For the benchmark of brightness control, the grid of the output termination field effect transistor switch pipe of comparator controls the on/off of field effect transistor switch pipe,
Realize semiconductor laser diode switching control and brightness regulation.Above-mentioned rectification link have herein electric power polarity self-adjusting (
Claim adaptive) function, so that external power supply can be directly accessed without differentiating positive and negative electrode and (no matter be added in rectification module input terminal
Electric power polarity be it is upper just, it is lower negative or it is upper it is negative, lower just, the polarity of voltage on rectification module output end load C2 be still it is upper just,
Lower negative, subsequent conditioning circuit, which is appointed, so to be worked normally), while being suitable for Alternating Current Power Supply.
N × m laser array light source corresponds to the array of photoswitch with n × m light passing window, and has n × m
The double structure grating array device of coarse grating array element, a light source array element and a photoswitch light passing window and a double structure light
The coarse grating array element of grid array forms a micro-optical phased array irradiation tunnel, and n × m micro-optical phased array irradiation is logical
Road cooperates according to certain sequence, phase difference, forms the whole laser radar scanning irradiation based on optical phased array technology
Operating mode, target are received the reflection signal of irradiation laser by avalanche photodide device and are resolved by microcontroller related
Information parameter.
Between adjacent micro-optical phased array irradiation tunnel, the last modulation light beam of prepass and the first modulation light beam in rear channel
Between phase difference need stringent control, according to scanning work mode, controlled by switch scanning control device, according to adjacent
The size of space of passage device and width in the dimensional directions glazing switch scanning electrode, calculate the last tune of prepass
The phase difference of the first modulation light interfascicular in light beam processed and rear channel generates delay control signal by controller and is adjusted, to realize
The requirement of phase difference consistency between all micro-optical phased array irradiation tunnels.
Double structure grating array device is made of thick, fine grating dual structure, and each light transmitting cells of coarse grating are right respectively
Should in a light beam (laser diode issue beam of laser) for laser illumination array, effect be by it is traditional based on
Optical phased array laser radar becomes the modulation to laser array multiple beam to the phase-modulation of single beam, breaches list poised for battle
The size of member must allow to utilize conventional material no more than the limitation of 500nm (corresponding to 1 microns of optical maser wavelength)
Material, processing technology and technique are produced applied to the device for carrying out phase-modulation in optical phased array；Above-mentioned each light transmitting cells
It is a fine grating array again, similar with traditional devices, grating parameter depends on optical maser wavelength, carries out to single beam laser related
Control, the effect that thick, fine grating combines are that the material of making devices is easy to get, and micro-structure processing request is greatly lowered, manufacture craft,
Equipment requirement simplifies, and the applicability of device, which obtains, greatly to be promoted.
The liquid crystal optical switch array with double-layer structure, is being answered with the liquid crystal optical switch array of common single layer structure
There is this qualitative difference in mode and effect, " the gating → shutdown when (or column) gate line by line different from traditional liquid crystal photoswitch
→ gating →... " pulse working mode, but use " gating → holding → gating → holding → gating →... " sequence gating simultaneously
Operating mode is kept, is gradually opened effect similar to curtain opening and closing process so having.
Being fabricated to using current general semiconductor laser diode device can be applied to optical phased array laser radar
Distribution type laser source, using array element individual packages, control；Array element is by the fixed post package of upper and lower metal partion (metp) in expansible metal frame
In frame, filling sealing；Array package metal extensible framework offers half I-shaped guide groove, and multiple arrays can pass through I-shaped lock
Button mode quickly forms the array component of different form, size, suitable for different application requirements.
Shown in Fig. 9, photoswitch gates (scanning) control device, by row/column signal control circuit, row/column scan control electricity
Road, individually controllable high-precision regulated power supply, photoswitch Strobe Controller and built-in control codes composition, the control of row/column signal
Circuit is made of row/column signal gating circuit and row/column signal holding circuit, and row/column scan control circuit is scanned by row/column
Gating circuit and row/column scanning holding circuit composition, row/column signal control circuit, row/column scan control circuit and photoswitch choosing
Ventilating controller is provided different operating voltages by individually controllable high-precision regulated power supply respectively, unified in photoswitch Strobe Controller
It is responsible for linear scan, sectoring control under coordination with row/column signal control circuit and row/column scan control circuit；By
Individually controllable high-precision regulated power supply, which cooperates, is responsible for exposure intensity control.
As shown in Figure 10, row/column signal gating circuit and row/column sweep gate circuit use high-speed cmos multichannel analog
Multiplexer/demultiplexer IC chip is constituted, and row/column signal holding circuit and row/column scan holding circuit
Built and constituted by integrated transporting discharging, gating circuit and holding circuit cooperate, under the control of the controller, realize " gating " in channel →
" holding " → " gating " →... circulation.
Requirement of different gating (scanning) operating modes to driving signal is different, for linear scan, sectoring and
3 kinds of deep focus gating (scanning) operating modes, design corresponding driving signal feature and timing requirements are as follows:
1. linear scan: delay time is certain or rule changes, and driving signal amplitude is certain, and various element leads to choosing item by item, appoints
The meaning moment can only have an element gating.
2. sectoring: delay time changes according to fan sweeping rule, and driving signal amplitude is certain, and various element gates item by item, preceding
The subsequent holding gating of the element of phase gating.
3. exposure intensity controls: the variation of delay time rule, driving signal amplitude are selected item by item by rule variation, various element
Logical, early period, the subsequent holding of element of gating gated.
Double-layer liquid crystal array of photoswitch shown in Fig. 5, the double-layer liquid crystal array of photoswitch, when normally off state,
Upper and lower all electrodes of layer are in low level, and whole array elements (light passing window) are in light blocking state, are expert at scanning (or column scan)
When operating mode, set row signal (or column signal) electrode A, B, C, D, E ... wait for low level and meanwhile set comprising column scan (or row
Scanning) electrode all units of another layer (all 10 × 10 in all 8 × 8 light passing windows including this layer and window
A optical channel) it is in the conductive state, then gradually setting row scanning according to certain time interval sequence (correspond to phase), (or column are swept
Retouch) electrode a, b, c, d, e, f ... wait as high level, so that the upper and lower layer liquid crystal of corresponding unit optical transport under electric field action
It is no longer distorted and light transmission along axial direction, realizes and be similar to being gradually opened for curtain opening and closing process.By liquid crystal optical switch array
Controlling has certain phase difference (delay) between the light beam of (modulation), which is the phase modulation process of light beam, also referred to as
For optical phase control process.The liquid crystal optical switch array with double-layer structure, the liquid crystal light with common single layer structure
Switch arrays have this qualitative difference on application method and effect, when different from traditional liquid crystal photoswitch, (or column) are gated line by line
" gating → shutdown → gating →... " pulse working mode, but use " gating → holding → gating → holding → gating →... "
Sequence gates and keeps operating mode, is gradually opened effect similar to curtain opening and closing process so having.
Preferred embodiments of the invention will be described in detail below；Preferred embodiments be should be appreciated that only for saying
The bright present invention, rather than limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.
System source uses 8 × 8 laser array light sources.Input control link selects small 3 line socket (ZH1.0- of spacing
3P)；Voltage polarity reversal link selects fast recovery rectifier integrated chip (MP6908GJ PD), takes C1=C2=0.22 μ F；Driving
With brightness controlling unit, reference voltage circuit selects LM1403, and comparator selects LM358, and high-speed switching circuit selects 2SJ461
Field-effect tube P-channel -50V-100mA, R1=1k, R2=R3=51 Ω；Load drives link, selects the laser of 980nm wavelength
Diode (GH series), outer diameter 3.3mm, length 8.27mm drive electricity Ya≤3.0V, output power 120mW.Collimation lens lens
Using moulded glass non-spherical lens, diameter 3.0mm, focal length 2.0mm.
Phase-modulation uses 8 × 8 double-layer liquid crystal array of photoswitch.Array element is having a size of 2mm × 2mm, array element interval
2mm, shape and size length × width x thickness are 18.5mm × 18.5mm × 0.5mm.Basic parameter is as follows:
1. row scan electrode shape and size: rectangle strip shaped electric poles, totally 8 groups (n1=8), interblock space 2mm.Every group
10 strip electrodes (n2=10), 100 μm of electric pole spacing.80 (n=80) total, every strip electrode size length × width x thickness is 14mm
×100μm×150nm。
2. row signal electrode shape and size: rectangle strip shaped electric poles 8 (n3=8), being spaced 2mm, every strip electrode between item
Size length × width x thickness is 14mm × 2mm × 150nm.
3. column scan electrode shape and size: rectangle strip shaped electric poles, totally 8 groups (m1=8), interblock space 2mm.Every group
10 strip electrodes (m2=10), 100 μm of electric pole spacing.80 (m=80) total, every strip electrode size length × width x thickness is 14mm
×100μm×150nm。
4. column signal electrode shape and size: rectangle strip shaped electric poles 8 (m3=8), being spaced 2mm, every strip electrode between item
Size length × width x thickness is 14mm × 2mm × 150nm.
Photoswitch gates (scanning) control device circuit design using 4 set of 4 × 4 double-layer liquid crystal photoswitch control electricity
Road is gone here and there and is controlled to 8 × 8 double-layer liquid crystal array of photoswitch.Every set selects 5 16 road multiplex circuits of high speed
CD74HC4067 gates (scanning) circuit as row, column, and 18 road multiplex circuit CD74HC4051 is as row, column signal electrode
Control circuit, 22 4 amplifier MAX419 build holding circuit, and photoswitch gates (scanning) controller and uses 32 ARM
The STM32F107 of Cortex-M3 structure.Single set of control circuit theory is as shown in figure 11.
Grating device device uses 8 × 8 double structure grating array devices, referring to figs. 2 and 3.Basic parameter is as follows:
1. fine grating: the wavelength of currently used laser light source about λ=1 μm considers that d < λ should be met, mention by eliminating minor lobe
High efficiency and precision should meet the factors such as d < < λ, take a=100nm, b=100nm, d=200nm.
2. coarse grating: considering that current laser device package dimension minimum outer diameter in 4mm or so, takes A=2mm, B=2mm, D
=A+B=2+2=4mm should be less than D corresponding to laser diode device outer diameter, and otherwise device can not be installed, be positioned, this
Then laser diode device outer diameter is φ 3.5mm to the choosing of invention application examples.
So in the square light transmission grid of A=2mm, evenly distributed light and dark structure, as shown in Figure 3
For partial enlarged view.Loophole is the circle (aperture is smaller, and diffracting effect is better) that diameter is equal to a=100nm, between two loopholes
It is divided into b=100nm.10000 × 10000=1 × 10 are uniform-distribution within the scope of 2mm × 2mm8A light transmission circular hole is formed vertical
The face grid structure combined to grating with horizontal raster.
3. outer dimension and material: according to the structure size of coarse grating, double structure grating outer dimension length × width x thickness is true
It is set to 32mm × 32mm × 4mm, material selection optics K9 glass.
Laser reflection signal processing unit as shown at 5 in figure 1, by use indium gallium arsenic (InGaAs) avalanche photodiode arrays
Detector and microcontroller composition, 0.9~1.7 μm of spectral wavelength ranges, capture area 4mm × 38.5mm, bandwidth 1G,
1.5G, 2.5G are optional, and nanosecond response, shortwave extends to 400nm~1800nm, 12V power supply power supply.
Optical system selection.Select long-focus collimation lens as illumination lens, short focal length focusing len is saturating as receiving
Mirror.
A kind of optical phased array laser radar apparatus of the present invention, is opened by laser array light source, double-layer liquid crystal light
Close array, photoswitch scan controller, double structure grating array device, laser reflection signal processing unit, optical lens group 6
Part forms, and laser array provides the multiple beam of planar array distribution, collimated laser beam, bilayer knot as the radiation source of system
Structure liquid crystal optical switch array and photoswitch gating (scanning) control device by the delayed strobe of photoswitch between light beam and
Light beam itself carries out dependent phase modulation, its distinctive diffraction nesting of double structure grating array devices use and spatial synchronization are interfered
Characteristic generates various steering angles and the adjustable far field irradiation mode of range direction deep focus, carries out optics phase to target
Battle array scanning irradiation is controlled, (itself is again one for laser diode array element, the light passing window array element of liquid crystal optical switch array of laser array
A array) and array element (being also an array) of double structure grating array coarse grating its quantity itself, one a pair of the size of space
It answers and is consistent, laser reflection signal processing unit is received, handled and resolved to the reflected laser signal of target
The informations parameter such as distance, orientation, speed out, the scanning illumination lens and target reflection receivable lens of system configuration are to outgoing beam
It is corrected with incident beam.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of optical phased array laser radar apparatus, it is characterised in that: opened including laser array light source, double-layer liquid crystal light
Array, double structure grating array device, photoswitch scan controller, laser reflection signal processing unit and optical lens are closed,
The optical lens includes scanning illumination lens and target reflection receivable lens, is separately positioned on double structure grating array device
Between irradiation target and between irradiation target and laser reflection signal processing unit, it is respectively used to outgoing beam and incidence
Light beam is corrected；
The laser array light source provides the multiple beam of planar array distribution, collimated laser beam as the radiation source of system；
The double structure grating array device is that the light transmission array element of array coarse grating is partially submerged into the structure composition of fine grating, is made
Its diffraction nesting and spatial synchronization interference pattern generate various steering angles and the adjustable far field of range direction exposure intensity is shone
Emission mode；
The light beam of the laser array light source transmitting is under photoswitch scan controller control, via the bilayer
The delayed strobe of structure liquid crystal optical switch array is between light beam and light beam itself carries out dependent phase modulation, in conjunction with double structure
Grating array device is to complete to carry out target optical phased array scanning irradiation；
The laser diode array element of the laser array light source, the light passing window array element of double-layer liquid crystal array of photoswitch with
And quantity, the size of space of the array element of double structure grating array device coarse grating are mutually corresponded and are consistent, laser
Reflection signal processing apparatus is received, handled and is calculated distance, orientation, speed etc. to the reflected laser signal of target
Information parameter.
2. optical phased array laser radar apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the double structure grating array
Device includes n × m optical transmission window, and according to n row × chequered with black and white arranged distribution of m column rectangle, black portions are opaque, white portion
Divide light transmission, the width of any one light transmitting cells width impermeable light unit adjacent thereto is equal, and any one light transmission list
The sum of first width width of impermeable light unit adjacent thereto is cell spacing when this element carries out phase-modulation, is denoted as D, from
And n row × m column rectangle chequered with black and white arranged distribution device body is constituted, the optical transmission window is an independent face battle array
Grating is uniform-distribution with the circular hole of s*s light transmission in the described face battle array grating, wherein and the cell spacing of face gust grating is denoted as d,
Then D is the integral multiple of d, and wherein n, m, s, D, d are positive integer.
3. optical phased array laser radar apparatus according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: the double structure grating battle array
When in use, each light transmitting cells of array respectively correspond a laser diode light source and a phase-modulation window to column device
Mouthful, the wavelength of laser diode light source is λ, then d is not more than 1/2 λ.
4. optical phased array laser radar apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the double-layer liquid crystal
Array of photoswitch includes that first layer liquid crystal board by being arranged above and below and second layer liquid crystal board are constituted, the upper surface of first layer liquid crystal board
The first orientation film, row scan electrode, upper glass plate and upper polarizer are successively arranged in parallel with, below first layer liquid crystal board
Successively it is arranged in parallel with the second orientation film, row signal electrode and intermediate glass plates；
Third orientation film and column scan electrode is successively arranged in parallel in the upper surface of second layer liquid crystal board pole plate, second layer liquid crystal board
It is arranged in parallel with the 4th orientation film, column signal electrode, lower glass plates and lower polarizing film in turn below；And row scan electrode with
Row signal electrode is mutually perpendicular to and covers up and down alignment, and column signal electrode and row signal electrode are mutually perpendicular to and cover up and down pair
Together, column scan electrode is mutually perpendicular to and covers up and down be aligned with column signal electrode；First orientation film, the second orientation are thin
Film, third orientation film and the 4th orientation film are by a thin layer macromolecule organic, and oriented friction treatment makes rodlike liquid
Brilliant molecule is parallel to glass surface, arranges along the direction of directional process, point of the crystal upper surface for making each layer of liquid crystal board
Son orientation and the molecularly oriented of crystal lower surface are mutually perpendicular to.
5. optical phased array laser radar apparatus according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: the row scan electrode has
N, n row scan electrode is uniformly divided into n1 group, and each group of expert's scan electrode has n2, then n=n1*n2；Electrode is wide in group
Degree is distributed with interval in equidimension, and every group of width and interval are distributed in equidimension；
The column scan electrode has m, and m column scan electrode is uniformly divided into m1 group, and column scan electrode has m2 in each group,
Then m=m1*m2；Electrode width and interval are distributed in equidimension in group, and every group of width and interval are distributed in equidimension；
The n group row scan electrode corresponds to n3 row signal electrode, and m group column scan electrode corresponds to m3 column signal electrode.
6. optical phased array laser radar apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the photoswitch scans control
Device processed includes holding circuit, gating circuit, photoswitch Strobe Controller and individually controllable regulated power supply；The photoswitch choosing
The input terminal of the control output end connection gating circuit of ventilating controller, the output end of gating circuit by holding circuit with it is to be controlled
Electrode in switch arrays is connected；The individually controllable regulated power supply is used for holding circuit, gating circuit and photoswitch
Strobe Controller is powered；The holding circuit is made of the identical holding unit of multiple structures, and holding circuit includes
Row/column signal holding circuit, column scan holding circuit and row scanning holding circuit；The gating circuit includes by multiple structures
Identical gating unit constitutes row/column signal gating circuit, column scan gating circuit and row scanning holding circuit.
7. optical phased array laser radar apparatus according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: the holding circuit includes
The peripheral circuit that amplifier MAX419 and capacitor are constituted；The gating circuit uses high-speed cmos multiplex electronics
CA74HC4051, or CA74HC4067 is used to save used number of chips.
8. a kind of optical phased array laser radar apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the laser array light
Source is arranged by n row × m and is constituted on light array element array arrangement to extensible framework, and the light array element is the individual being individually encapsulated,
And light array element includes pressing ring, collimation lens, adjustment gasket, laser diode, pre-driver circuit, socket, metal shell and has
Machine silica gel, the socket are fixed on metal shell one end, are connected with pre-driver circuit；The laser diode of heat sink encapsulation
It is fixed on middle position in metal shell, the pin of laser diode connect with the output end of pre-driver circuit and by organic
Silica gel；Collimation lens is fixed at the other end in metal shell respectively by adjusting gasket and pressing ring；
It include upper and lower stationary barrier disposed in parallel in the extensible framework, n row × m arranges the vertical array row of array element
Cloth is parallel to each other between array element between upper and lower stationary barrier, and interval uniformity of the socket end between lower end, array element,
And Embedding Material is filled in interval, the Embedding Material is the mixture of aluminium powder and silica gel, also to array while filling
Light source is integrally packaged；
The driving circuit includes filter circuit and driving and intednsity circuit, the input terminal connection of the filter circuit
The output end of socket, the input terminal of filter circuit output end connection driving and intednsity circuit, driving and intednsity circuit
Output end connection laser diode correspondence pin.
9. optical phased array laser radar apparatus described in -8 any claims according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: n × m laser
Array light source corresponds to the array of photoswitch with n × m light passing window, and the double structure with n × m coarse grating array element
Grating array device, a corresponding light source array element and a photoswitch light passing window and double structure grating array it is thick
Grating array element forms a micro-optical phased array irradiation tunnel, and n × m micro-optical phased array irradiation tunnel is according to certain suitable
Sequence, phase difference cooperate, and form the whole laser radar scanning irradiation operating mode based on optical phased array technology, target
The reflection signal of irradiation laser is received by avalanche photodide device and related information parameters are resolved by microcontroller.
10. a kind of optical phased array laser radar apparatus according to claim 9, it is characterized in that: described have double-layer structure
Liquid crystal optical switch array, sequentially gated using " gating → holding → gating → holding → gating →... " and keep work side
Formula, specifically the requirement for different scanning work modes to driving signal is different, wherein being directed to linear scan, sectoring
With three kinds of deep focus gating (scanning) operating modes, designs corresponding driving signal feature and timing requirements is as follows:
1. linear scan: delay time is certain or rule changes, and driving signal amplitude is certain, and various element leads to choosing item by item, when any
There can only be an element gating quarter；
2. sectoring: delay time changes according to fan sweeping rule, and driving signal amplitude is certain, and various element gates item by item, choosing early period
The subsequent holding gating of logical element；
3. exposure intensity controls: the variation of delay time rule, by rule variation, various element gates driving signal amplitude item by item, preceding
The subsequent holding gating of the element of phase gating.
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| CN110783431A (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2020-02-11 | 中国电子科技集团公司第四十四研究所 | Manufacturing method of APD array device |
| CN111722241A (en) * | 2020-05-18 | 2020-09-29 | 深圳奥锐达科技有限公司 | Multi-line scanning distance measuring system and method and electronic equipment |
| CN114740617A (en) * | 2022-04-08 | 2022-07-12 | 中国科学院光电技术研究所 | Large-view-field high-resolution all-solid-state optical scanning system |
| CN115065406A (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2022-09-16 | 电子科技大学 | Array multi-beam parallel wireless laser communication system and method |
| CN115128573A (en) * | 2022-08-30 | 2022-09-30 | 北京摩尔芯光半导体技术有限公司 | Drive circuit and drive method for optical phased array and laser radar device |
| CN116500583A (en) * | 2023-03-24 | 2023-07-28 | 扬州群发换热器有限公司 | Laser scanning control system based on optical phased array |
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