CN109444187B - Compton scattering experiment simulation system and method - Google Patents

Compton scattering experiment simulation system and method Download PDF

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CN109444187B
CN109444187B CN201811214276.4A CN201811214276A CN109444187B CN 109444187 B CN109444187 B CN 109444187B CN 201811214276 A CN201811214276 A CN 201811214276A CN 109444187 B CN109444187 B CN 109444187B
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CN109444187A (en
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杨喜峰
左文杰
王殿生
刘超卓
闫向宏
刘金玉
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China University of Petroleum East China
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
    • G01N23/20—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by using diffraction of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating crystal structure; by using scattering of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating non-crystalline materials; by using reflection of the radiation by the materials
    • G01N23/20066—Measuring inelastic scatter of gamma rays, e.g. Compton effect
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
    • G01N2223/05—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation by diffraction, scatter or reflection
    • G01N2223/063—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation by diffraction, scatter or reflection inelastic scatter, e.g. Compton effect
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
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Abstract

The invention relates to a Compton scattering experiment simulation system and a simulation method, wherein the simulation system comprises a workbench, a multi-channel analyzer, a PC (personal computer) and a workbench control device, and the workbench is loaded with a plurality of devices which are sequentially placed on the same horizontal lineThe simulated nuclear probe is electrically connected with a multichannel analyzer, a lead brick is placed between the simulated radioactive source shielding chamber and the scattering sample bearing body, the scattering sample bearing body is installed at one end of the rotating part, the simulated nuclear probe is installed at the other end of the rotating part, and one end of the rotating part, which is provided with the scattering sample bearing body, is in shaft connection with the workbench through a rotating shaft of the rotating part; the side wall of the simulated radioactive source shielding chamber opposite to the scattering sample bearing body is provided with137A Cs exit aperture and60the scattering sample carrier is provided with a scattering sample insertion hole for placing a scattering sample. The invention solves the radiation problem of the nuclear radiation source, can realize the simulation effect of the nuclear-free radiation, and has very high simulation effect.

Description

Compton scattering experiment simulation system and method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of nuclear physics experiment simulation, relates to a scattering experiment simulation technology, and particularly relates to a Compton scattering experiment simulation system and a Compton scattering experiment simulation method.
Background
The Compton scattering experiment is a very important nuclear physics experiment project, mainly obtains scattering energy spectrums at different scattering angles through experiments, verifies the relation between the scattered photon energy of the Compton scattering and the scattering angle as well as the relation between a differential scattering cross section and the scattering angle, and proves that the photon has momentum from the experiment, thereby being a milestone experiment in the recent physical development history. Since the wavelength change of compton scattering is determined only by the scattering angle, regardless of the wavelength of the incident wave, the wavelength change is constant for a certain scattering angle, and the relative value of the wavelength change is larger if the wavelength of the incident wave is shorter. In order to obtain more remarkable compton scattering experimental effect, gamma rays are adopted as incident light instead of X rays at present. At present, a Compton scattering experiment instrument is generally used for the Compton scattering experiment.
The existing Compton scattering experimental instrument consists of a radioactive source lead shielding room, a workbench, a nuclear probe and a multi-channel amplitude analysis system, wherein the multi-channel amplitude analysis system comprises an integrated multi-channel analyzer and a PC (personal computer) connected with the integrated multi-channel analyzer. The workbench bears the lead shielding chamber, the scattering rod, the nuclear probe and the guide rail, the ray exit hole is opposite to the axis of the scattering rod, and the axis of the scattering rod is positioned at the circle center of the guide rail; radioactive source lead shielding chamber for storage137The Cs radioactive source can control the ray output of the radioactive source through a switch handle; the nuclear probe is used for detecting scattered gamma rays and converting the scattered gamma rays into voltage pulses (the amplitude of the voltage pulses is in direct proportion to the energy of the corresponding gamma rays); the guide rail is a nuclear probe sliding channel, and the nuclear probe can freely slide along the guide rail to realize that the nuclear probe rotates around the axis of the sample; the integrated multichannel analyzer performs amplitude analysis on the voltage pulse output by the nuclear probe to obtain energy spectrum data of scattered gamma rays, and the PC receives the energy spectrum data to perform energy spectrum display and subsequent processing. By using the Compton scattering experimental instrument to measure different scattering angles137And the Cs energy spectrum and the background energy spectrum further obtain the relation between the scattered photon energy and the scattering angle and the relation between the differential scattering cross section and the scattering angle, and verify the Compton scattering effect.
In the process of using the Compton scattering experiment instrument to carry out the experiment, the Compton scattering experiment instrument needs to be used137Cs and60the Co isotope nuclear radiation source, in order to reduce experimental error,137the activity of the Cs nuclear radioactive source is high, the radiation intensity is high, the experimental safety is poor, and the difficulty of experimental management and operation is increased. In addition, the Compton scattering experiment instrument has high processing requirement, the position precision is 0.05mm, and the processing is difficult. These severely limit the set-up of the compton scattering experimental program and the use of the compton scattering experimental apparatus.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a simulation system and a simulation method for a Compton scattering experiment, aiming at the problems of poor safety, difficult processing of experimental instruments and the like caused by nuclear radiation in the process of the Compton scattering experiment in the prior art.
To achieve the above objectThe invention provides a Compton scattering experiment simulation system, which comprises a workbench and a multi-channel amplitude analysis system, wherein the multi-channel amplitude analysis system comprises a multi-channel analyzer and a PC (personal computer) connected with the multi-channel analyzer, a simulation radioactive source shielding chamber, a scattering sample bearing body, a rotating member and a simulation nuclear probe which are sequentially placed on the same horizontal line are borne on the workbench, the simulation nuclear probe is electrically connected with the multi-channel analyzer, a lead brick is placed between the simulation radioactive source shielding chamber and the scattering sample bearing body, the scattering sample bearing body is installed at one end of the rotating member, the simulation nuclear probe is installed at the other end of the rotating member, and one end of the rotating member, which is provided with the scattering sample bearing body, is in shaft connection with the workbench through a rotating shaft of the rotating member; the side wall of the simulated radioactive source shielding chamber opposite to the scattering sample bearing body is provided with a137A Cs exit aperture and60the scattering sample carrier is provided with a scattering sample insertion hole for placing a scattering sample; the system also comprises a workbench control device which is communicated with the simulated nuclear probe and is used for detecting the state of the simulated radioactive source, the state of the scattering sample and the scattering angle.
Preferably, the workbench control device comprises a workbench controller and a plurality of control devices electrically connected to the workbench controller respectively137A Cs exit aperture detector,60A Co exit hole detector, a scatter sample detector and a nuclear probe rotation angle sensor, said137A Cs exit aperture detector is mounted to137In the Cs exit hole, the60A Co emergent hole detector is arranged on the60And in the Co emergent hole, the scattering sample detector is arranged in the scattering sample insertion hole, and the nuclear probe rotating angle sensor is arranged on a rotating shaft of the rotating piece.
Furthermore, the workbench control device also comprises a wireless communication module I connected with the workbench controller and a matching dial switch I connected with the workbench controller.
Preferably, the simulation nuclear probe comprises a simulation nuclear probe controller, and a working high-voltage detection circuit, an output circuit, a wireless communication module II, a matching dial switch II and a data memory which are respectively electrically connected with the simulation nuclear probe controller, wherein the wireless communication module II is communicated with the wireless communication module I.
Preferably, the working high voltage detection circuit comprises an a/D converter connected with the analog nuclear probe controller and a voltage division circuit connected with the a/D converter.
Preferably, the output circuit comprises a D/a converter connected with the analog nuclear probe controller and a shaping circuit connected with the D/a converter, and the shaping circuit comprises an in-phase amplifying circuit, a differentiating circuit and a second-order active low-pass filter circuit which are connected in sequence.
Preferably, the non-inverting amplifying circuit is composed of a resistor R1, a resistor R2, and an operational amplifier U1 whose non-inverting input terminal is connected to the output of the D/a converter; one end of the resistor R1 is connected with the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U1, and the other end of the resistor R1 is grounded; one end of the resistor R2 is connected with the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U1, and the other end is connected with the output end of the operational amplifier U1.
Preferably, the differentiating circuit is composed of a capacitor C1 and a resistor R3; one end of the capacitor C1 is connected with the output end of the operational amplifier U1, the other end of the capacitor C1 is connected with the resistor R3, and the other end of the resistor R3 is grounded.
Preferably, the second-order active low-pass filter circuit is composed of an operational amplifier U2, a resistor R4, a resistor R5, a capacitor C2, a capacitor C3, a resistor R6 and a resistor R7, one end of the resistor R4 is connected with the capacitor C1, the other end of the resistor R4 is connected with one end of the resistor R5, and the other end of the resistor R5 is connected with a non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U2; one end of the capacitor C2 is connected to the connection point of the resistor R4 and the resistor R5, and the other end is connected with the output end of the operational amplifier U2; one end of the capacitor C3 is connected with the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U2, and the other end of the capacitor C3 is grounded; one end of the resistor R6 is connected with the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U2, and the other end of the resistor R6 is grounded; one end of the resistor R7 is connected with the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U2, and the other end is connected with the output end of the operational amplifier U2.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention further provides a compton scattering experiment simulation method, which is based on the compton scattering experiment simulation system, and comprises the steps of:
s1, measuring original scattering energy spectrums of different working high pressures and different scattering angles by using the existing Compton scattering experimental instrument;
s2, processing the original scattering energy spectrum, and defining the count of the ith track of the energy spectrum data as DiI is 0,1, …, N-1, N is the total number of channels of the multi-channel analyzer, and the total count is DallThrough pi＝Di/DallCalculating the occurrence probability of the ith channel, obtaining distribution characteristic data corresponding to the original scattering energy spectrum, and sequentially storing the obtained distribution characteristic data corresponding to the original scattering energy spectrum into a data memory of the analog nuclear probe;
s3, setting the matching dial switch I of the workbench control device and the matching dial switch II of the simulation nuclear probe to be the same code;
s4, the workbench controller reads the matched dial switch I to obtain the communication code N0；
S5, reading by a workbench controller137A Cs exit aperture detector,60The electrical level states of a Co emergent hole detector and a scattering sample detector are detected, and the angle data of the nuclear probe rotating angle sensor are read simultaneously; forming experimental state data by using the obtained states, and transmitting the experimental state data to a wireless communication module I and a wireless communication module II of the analogue nuclear probe; the experimental state data consists of 6 bytes and has a structure of "# + N0+ D0+ D1+ D2+ $", wherein "#" is a data packet header, N0 is a communication coding byte, and the value of the communication coding byte is assigned to N0(ii) a D0 is a radioactive source status byte, and takes values as follows: 0-no radioactive source, 1-137Cs radioactive source, 2-60A Co radioactive source; d1 is a scattering sample state byte, and takes the following values: 0-no scattering sample, 1-scattering sample; d2 is scattering angle value byte, the value range is 0-180, "$" is the data packet tail;
s6, the analog nuclear probe controller reads the matched dial switch II to obtain a communicationSignal coding N1；
S7, the simulated nuclear probe controller reads the wireless communication module II to obtain experimental state data, and assigns N0 bytes in the experimental state data to M; for M and N1By comparison, if M ═ N1Then the value of D0 in the experimental status data is assigned to R, D1 to S, D2 to a; if M is not equal to N1If so, abandoning the experimental state data;
s8, the simulation nuclear probe controller measures the working high voltage through the working high voltage detection circuit to obtain the working high voltage VH(ii) a And according to R, S, A and VHDetermining a distribution characteristic Data source corresponding to the original scattering energy spectrum by Data, and then reading corresponding Data source Data from a Data memory by a simulated nuclear probe controller; the Data of the Data source is selected according to the working high voltage and the scattering angle, so that the Data source responds to the working high voltage and responds to the scattering angle;
s9, simulating a nuclear probe controller to obtain a probability distribution sequence p in DataiBased on the above, the method adopts discrete random number sampling method to obtain coincidence piDistributed random number DXAnd finally, the random number DXA D/A converter for outputting a signal proportional to the random number DXThe rectangular voltage pulse P of (2);
s10, filtering and shaping the rectangular voltage pulse P through a shaping circuit, and outputting a nuclear simulation voltage pulse Q to a multi-channel analyzer; the amplitude value of the simulated nuclear voltage pulse is proportional to the random number DX；
And S11, receiving the simulated nuclear voltage pulse Q by the multichannel analyzer, carrying out pulse amplitude analysis on the simulated nuclear voltage pulse Q to obtain energy spectrum data, transmitting the energy spectrum data to a PC (personal computer), and carrying out energy spectrum display and subsequent energy spectrum data processing by the PC.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the invention, the experiment state data of the workbench control device is adopted for automatic detection, experiment states such as a radiation state, a scattering sample state, a scattering angle, a working high pressure and the like are automatically obtained, the simulated nuclear probe controls the simulated nuclear voltage pulse output according to the experiment state data, the energy spectrum obtained by the multi-channel amplitude analysis system automatically changes along with the experiment state, the nuclear-free radiation simulation effect is realized, the experiment effect of in-person experience is achieved, the Compton scattering experiment can be safely carried out, and the popularization of the Compton scattering experiment is facilitated.
(2) The invention adopts a method of random variable sampling according to the actually measured energy spectrum to generate the nuclear simulation voltage pulse, can realize the same random characteristics as the voltage pulse output by the existing Compton scattering experimental instrument, obtains the same energy spectrum, realizes simulation and has very high simulation effect.
(3) The invention adopts an output nuclear-simulated voltage pulse method instead of a real Compton scattering physical process, has no over-high requirement on the processing precision of the worktable, and solves the problem of difficult processing of the existing experimental instrument.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a Compton scattering experiment simulation system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a control schematic diagram of a Compton scattering experiment simulation system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a shaping circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of a simulation result of a Compton scattering experiment according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure, 1, a workbench, 2, a multi-channel analyzer, 3, a PC, 4, a simulated radioactive source shielding chamber, 5, a scattering sample carrier, 6, a rotating member, 7, a simulated nuclear probe, 71, a simulated nuclear probe controller, 72, a working high-voltage detection circuit, 721, an A/D converter, 722, a voltage division circuit, 73, an output circuit, 731, a D/A converter, 732, a forming circuit, 74, a wireless communication module II, 75, a matching dial switch II, 76, a data memory, 8, a lead brick, 9, a scattering sample, 10, a workbench controller, 101, a workbench controller, 102,137A Cs exit aperture detector, 103,60The device comprises a Co emergent hole detector 104, a scattering sample detector 105, a nuclear probe rotating angle sensor 106, wireless communication modules I and 107, matching dial switches I and 11 and a simulated nuclear probe lead shielding case.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below by way of exemplary embodiments. It should be understood, however, that elements, structures and features of one embodiment may be beneficially incorporated in other embodiments without further recitation.
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, the invention provides a compton scattering experiment simulation system, which comprises a workbench 1 and a multichannel amplitude analysis system, the multichannel amplitude analysis system comprises a multichannel analyzer 2 and a PC 3 connected with the multichannel analyzer, the workbench 1 is loaded with a simulated radioactive source shielding chamber 4, a scattering sample carrier 5, a rotating member 6 and a simulated nuclear probe 7 which are sequentially arranged on the same horizontal line, the simulated nuclear probe 7 is electrically connected with the multichannel analyzer 2, a lead brick 8 is arranged between the simulated radioactive source shielding chamber 4 and the scattering sample carrier 5, the scattering sample carrier 5 is mounted at one end of the rotating member 6, the analogue nuclear probe 7 is mounted at the other end of the rotating member 6, one end of the rotating member 6, which is provided with the scattering sample carrier 5, is coupled with the workbench 1 through a rotating shaft of the rotating member; the side wall of the simulated radioactive source shielding chamber 4 opposite to the scattering sample carrier 5 is provided with137A Cs exit aperture 41 and60a Co emergent hole 42, wherein the scattering sample carrier 5 is provided with a scattering sample inserting hole for placing a scattering sample 9; the system also comprises a workbench control device 10 which is communicated with the simulation nuclear probe 7 and is used for detecting the state of the simulation radioactive source, the state of the scattering sample and the scattering angle. With continued reference to fig. 1, the lead brick 8 is provided with two blocks, one block and137the Cs emergent hole 41 corresponds to and blocks137A Cs exit aperture, another block and60 co exit hole 42 corresponds to and blocks60A Co exit aperture 42; the workbench control device simulates whether the radioactive source is output or not by detecting whether the lead brick blocking the emergent hole is removed or not. That is, if blocking137When the lead block of the Cs exit hole 41 is removed, simulation is performed137Outputting a Cs radioactive source; if it blocks60The lead block of the Co exit hole 42 is removed, the simulation is performed60And (4) outputting a Co radioactive source.
With continued reference to fig. 1, a simulated nuclear probe lead shield 11 is provided outside the simulated nuclear probe 7 for protecting the simulated nuclear probe 7.
Ginseng radix extractReferring to fig. 2, the table control device 10 includes a table controller 101 and a plurality of table controllers 101 electrically connected to the table controller 101137A Cs exit aperture detector 102,60A Co exit aperture detector 103, a scatter sample detector 104 and a nuclear probe rotation angle sensor 105. The above-mentioned137A Cs exit aperture detector 102 is mounted to the137 Cs exit aperture 41 for detection137And the lead bricks corresponding to the Cs emergence holes 41 are removed. The above-mentioned60The Co exit hole detector 103 is mounted to the60 Co exit hole 42 for probing60Whether the lead bricks corresponding to the Co exit holes 41 are removed. The scattering sample detector 104 is installed in the scattering sample insertion hole, and is configured to detect whether the scattering sample 9 is inserted into the scattering sample insertion hole, so as to determine whether there is a scattering sample. The nuclear probe rotation angle sensor 105 is mounted on a rotating shaft of the rotating member and used for measuring the rotation angle of the simulated nuclear probe.
With continued reference to fig. 2, the workbench control apparatus further comprises a wireless communication module i 106 connected to the workbench controller 101 and a matching dial switch i 107 connected to the workbench controller 101. The workbench controller transmits the detected experimental state data to the wireless communication module I106 and sends the experimental state data to the simulation nuclear probe 7.
With continued reference to fig. 2, the analog nuclear probe 7 includes an analog nuclear probe controller 71, and a working high voltage detection circuit 72, an output circuit 73, a wireless communication module ii 74, a matching dial switch ii 75, and a data storage 76, which are respectively connected to the analog nuclear probe controller 71. The wireless communication module II 75 is communicated with the wireless communication module I106, the wireless communication module I106 sends the experimental state data to the wireless communication module I106, and the experimental state data are transmitted to the simulation nuclear probe 7 through the wireless communication module I106 and are read by the simulation nuclear probe 7. The matching dial switch II 75 is used for setting codes, and when simulation is carried out, the code setting of the matching dial switch II 75 is the same as the codes of the matching dial switch I107, so that paired matching communication between the workbench control device and the simulation nuclear probe is ensured.
With continued reference to fig. 2, the operational high voltage detection circuit 72 includes an a/D converter 721 connected to the analog nuclear probe controller 71 and a voltage divider circuit 722 connected to the a/D converter 721. And measuring the working high voltage of the multi-channel analyzer by a working high voltage detection circuit.
With continuing reference to fig. 2 and with further reference to fig. 3, the output circuit 73 includes a D/a converter 731 coupled to the analog core probe controller 71 and a shaping circuit 732 coupled to the D/a converter 731, the shaping circuit 732 including an in-phase amplifying circuit, a differentiating circuit, and a second-order active low-pass filter circuit coupled in series. The analog nuclear probe controller 71 determines a data source according to the read experimental state data of the wireless communication module ii 75 and the working high voltage detected by the working high voltage detection circuit, reads corresponding data from the data memory 76, performs random number sampling according to the data to obtain a random number according with a corresponding energy spectrum of the data, and the D/a converter 731 converts the random number into a rectangular voltage pulse (the voltage pulse amplitude value is proportional to the size of the random number).
With continued reference to fig. 3, the in-phase amplification circuit is composed of a resistor R1, a resistor R2, and an operational amplifier U1 having a non-inverting input connected to the output of the D/a converter; one end of the resistor R1 is connected with the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U1, and the other end of the resistor R1 is grounded; one end of the resistor R2 is connected with the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U1, and the other end is connected with the output end of the operational amplifier U1. The in-phase amplifier circuit performs primary amplification on the rectangular voltage pulse output from the D/a converter 731, and performs impedance matching between the D/a converter 731 and a subsequent circuit.
With continued reference to fig. 3, the differential circuit is comprised of a capacitor C1 and a resistor R3; one end of the capacitor C1 is connected with the output end of the operational amplifier U1, the other end of the capacitor C1 is connected with the resistor R3, and the other end of the resistor R3 is grounded. The rectangular voltage pulse is converted into a narrow pulse by the differential circuit.
With reference to fig. 3, the second-order active low-pass filter circuit is composed of an operational amplifier U2, a resistor R4, a resistor R5, a capacitor C2, a capacitor C3, a resistor R6, and a resistor R7, wherein one end of the resistor R4 is connected to the capacitor C1, the other end of the resistor R4 is connected to one end of the resistor R5, and the other end of the resistor R5 is connected to a non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U2; one end of the capacitor C2 is connected to the connection point of the resistor R4 and the resistor R5, and the other end is connected with the output end of the operational amplifier U2; one end of the capacitor C3 is connected with the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U2, and the other end of the capacitor C3 is grounded; one end of the resistor R6 is connected with the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U2, and the other end of the resistor R6 is grounded; one end of the resistor R7 is connected with the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U2, and the other end is connected with the output end of the operational amplifier U2. The high-frequency component of the narrow pulse output by the differential circuit is filtered by a second-order active low-pass filter circuit, and the signal is shaped, so that the output shape of the simulated nuclear voltage pulse waveform is similar to or the same as the shape of the real nuclear probe output signal.
According to the simulation system, the simulated nuclear voltage pulse corresponding to the specific energy spectrum can be generated according to information such as a working high-voltage measured value, a radiation source type, a simulated nuclear probe rotating angle, the existence of a scattering sample and the like by replacing a real nuclear probe with the simulated nuclear probe, the amplitude analysis is carried out on the simulated nuclear voltage pulse, so that the energy spectrum is obtained, the simulation effect is good, the simulation system is applied to physical nuclear test simulation, the problem of strong nuclear radiation of a nuclear radiation source is solved, and a physical experiment without the radiation source is realized.
Another embodiment of the present invention provides a compton scattering experiment simulation method, which is based on the compton scattering experiment simulation system of the above embodiment, and includes the steps of:
s1, measuring original scattering energy spectrums of different working high pressures and different scattering angles by using the existing Compton scattering experimental instrument;
s2, processing the original scattering energy spectrum, and defining the count of the ith track of the energy spectrum data as DiI is 0,1, …, N-1, N is the total number of channels of the multi-channel analyzer, and the total count is DallThrough pi＝Di/DallCalculating the occurrence probability of the ith channel, obtaining distribution characteristic data corresponding to the original scattering energy spectrum, and sequentially storing the obtained distribution characteristic data corresponding to the original scattering energy spectrum into a data memory of the analog nuclear probe;
s3, setting the matching dial switch I of the workbench control device and the matching dial switch II of the simulation nuclear probe to be the same codes so as to ensure that the workbench control device and the simulation nuclear probe carry out paired matching communication;
s4, the workbench controller reads the matched dial switch I to obtain the communication code N0；
S5, reading by a workbench controller137A Cs exit aperture detector,60The electrical level states of a Co emergent hole detector and a scattering sample detector are detected, and the angle data of the nuclear probe rotating angle sensor are read simultaneously; forming experimental state data by using the obtained states, and transmitting the experimental state data to a wireless communication module I and a wireless communication module II of the analogue nuclear probe; the experimental state data consists of 6 bytes and has a structure of "# + N0+ D0+ D1+ D2+ $", wherein "#" is a data packet header, N0 is a communication coding byte, and the value of the communication coding byte is assigned to N0(ii) a D0 is a radioactive source status byte, and takes values as follows: 0-no radioactive source, 1-137Cs radioactive source, 2-60A Co radioactive source; d1 is a scattering sample state byte, and takes the following values: 0-no scattering sample, 1-scattering sample; d2 is scattering angle value byte, the value range is 0-180, "$" is data packet tail;
s6, the analog nuclear probe controller reads the matched dial switch II to obtain the communication code N1；
S7, the simulated nuclear probe controller reads the wireless communication module II to obtain experimental state data, and assigns N0 bytes in the experimental state data to M; for M and N1By comparison, if M ═ N1Then the value of D0 in the experimental status data is assigned to R, D1 to S, D2 to a; if M is not equal to N1If so, abandoning the experimental state data;
s8, the simulated nuclear probe controller measures the working high voltage through the working high voltage detection circuit to obtainHigh working pressure VH(ii) a And according to R, S, A and VHDetermining a distribution characteristic Data source corresponding to the original scattering energy spectrum by Data, and then reading corresponding Data source Data from a Data memory by a simulated nuclear probe controller; the Data of the Data source is selected according to the working high voltage and the scattering angle, so that the Data source responds to the working high voltage and responds to the scattering angle;
s9, simulating a nuclear probe controller to obtain a probability distribution sequence p in DataiBased on the above, the method adopts discrete random number sampling method to obtain coincidence piDistributed random number DXAnd finally, the random number DXA D/A converter for outputting a signal proportional to the random number DXThe rectangular voltage pulse P of (2); the discrete random number sampling method is adopted to generate rectangular voltage pulse amplitude data of a known energy spectrum, and is a specific process for sampling the existing known distributed discrete random variable sampling method, and is not described again;
s10, filtering and shaping the rectangular voltage pulse P through a shaping circuit, and outputting a nuclear simulation voltage pulse Q to a multi-channel analyzer; the amplitude value of the simulated nuclear voltage pulse is proportional to the random number DXThe shape of the pulse is similar to or the same as that of nuclear voltage pulse output by the existing Compton scattering experimental instrument;
and S11, receiving the simulated nuclear voltage pulse Q by the multichannel analyzer, carrying out pulse amplitude analysis on the simulated nuclear voltage pulse Q to obtain energy spectrum data, transmitting the energy spectrum data to a PC (personal computer), and carrying out energy spectrum display and subsequent energy spectrum data processing by the PC. Here, the energy spectrum data is uploaded to the PC through the serial bus, received by the upper computer software of the multichannel analyzer running on the PC, displayed and subjected to subsequent energy spectrum data processing.
According to the simulation method, the simulated nuclear voltage pulse corresponding to the specific energy spectrum can be generated according to information such as a working high-voltage measurement value, a radiation source type, a simulated nuclear probe rotation angle, the existence of a scattering sample and the like by replacing a real nuclear probe with the simulated nuclear probe, and the amplitude analysis is performed on the simulated nuclear voltage pulse, so that the energy spectrum is obtained. When the nuclear simulation voltage pulse is generated, the nuclear simulation voltage pulse is generated by adopting a method of sampling random variables according to an actually measured energy spectrum, the same random characteristics as the voltage pulse output by the existing Compton scattering experimental instrument can be realized, the same energy spectrum can be obtained, the simulation is realized, and the simulation effect is good.
The simulation system and the simulation method according to the present invention are described below with reference to a specific embodiment.
The output energy spectrum of the simulation system of the embodiment should be consistent with the energy spectrum obtained by a real experiment, so that the data for generating the simulated nuclear voltage pulse is from the energy spectrum obtained by the real experiment process, and the required original energy spectrum data is listed in table 1. Measuring the working high pressure from 550V to 850V, the step size is 10V, and the scattering angle is 0 DEG137Cs and60a Co energy spectrum; scattering angle from 20 to 120 DEG, step size 10 DEG, measurement137A Cs spectrum and a background spectrum.
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0001833150160000121
In the experiment, a scattering sample is arranged,137the exit aperture of the Cs is opened and,60the Co emergent hole is closed, the working high pressure is 820V, the rotating angle of the analog nuclear probe is changed in sequence, and the obtained scattering energy spectrum is shown in figure 4. Workstation controller poll read137A Cs exit aperture detector,60And when the electrical level states of the Co emergent hole detector and the scattering sample detector are detected and the angle data of the nuclear probe rotating angle sensor are read, the period is 1 second.
The simulation system and the simulation method are adopted for carrying out experiments, the obtained scattering energy spectrum has high goodness of fit with the original scattering energy spectrum obtained by the existing Compton scattering experiment instrument, and the Compton scattering experiment effect is achieved. In addition, the background measurement of energy scales and different scattering angles is carried out, and the obtained result is very small in difference with the original experimental result of the existing Compton scattering experimental instrument. Therefore, the simulation effect of the simulation system and the simulation method can comprehensively test the function of the existing Compton scattering tester for testing, and the family history purpose is achieved.
The above-described embodiments are intended to illustrate rather than to limit the invention, and any modifications and variations of the present invention are possible within the spirit and scope of the claims.

Claims (6)

1. The Compton scattering experiment simulation system comprises a workbench and a multi-channel amplitude analysis system, wherein the multi-channel amplitude analysis system comprises a multi-channel analyzer and a PC (personal computer) connected with the multi-channel analyzer, and is characterized in that a simulation radioactive source shielding chamber, a scattering sample bearing body, a rotating member and a simulation nuclear probe which are sequentially placed on the same horizontal line are borne on the workbench, the simulation nuclear probe is electrically connected with the multi-channel analyzer, a lead brick is placed between the simulation radioactive source shielding chamber and the scattering sample bearing body, the scattering sample bearing body is installed at one end of the rotating member, the simulation nuclear probe is installed at the other end of the rotating member, one end of the rotating member, provided with the scattering sample bearing body, is in shaft connection with the workbench through a rotating shaft of the rotating member; the side wall of the simulated radioactive source shielding chamber opposite to the scattering sample bearing body is provided with a137A Cs exit aperture and60the scattering sample carrier is provided with a scattering sample insertion hole for placing a scattering sample; the device comprises a simulation nuclear probe, a workbench control device and a wireless communication module, wherein the simulation nuclear probe is used for simulating the state of a radioactive source, the state of a scattering sample and the scattering angle, the workbench control device comprises a workbench controller, a wireless communication module I and a matching dial switch I which are connected with the workbench controller, and the wireless communication module I and the matching dial switch I are respectively and electrically connected with the workbench controller137A Cs exit aperture detector,60A Co exit hole detector, a scatter sample detector and a nuclear probe rotation angle sensor, said137A Cs exit aperture detector is mounted to137In the Cs exit hole, the60A Co emergent hole detector is arranged on the60In the Co emergent hole, the scattering sample detector is arranged in the scattering sample insertion hole, and the nuclear probe rotating angle sensor is arranged on a rotating shaft of the rotating piece; the simulated nuclear probe comprises a simulated nuclear probe controller and a plurality of simulation nuclear probes respectively connected with the simulated nuclear probeThe head controller is electrically connected with the working high-voltage detection circuit, the output circuit, the wireless communication module II, the matching dial switch II and the data memory, and the wireless communication module II is communicated with the wireless communication module I; the lead brick is provided with two blocks, one block and137the exit holes of Cs correspond to and block137A Cs exit aperture, another block and60co exit holes correspond to and block60A Co exit hole; the simulation steps are as follows:
s1, measuring original scattering energy spectrums of different working high pressures and different scattering angles by using the existing Compton scattering experimental instrument;
s2, processing the original scattering energy spectrum, and defining the count of the ith track of the energy spectrum data as Di I =0, 1, …, N-1, N being the total number of tracks of the multichannel analyzer, the total count being DallThrough pi = Di/DallCalculating the occurrence probability of the ith channel, obtaining distribution characteristic data corresponding to the original scattering energy spectrum, and sequentially storing the obtained distribution characteristic data corresponding to the original scattering energy spectrum into a data memory of the analog nuclear probe;
s3, setting the matching dial switch I of the workbench control device and the matching dial switch II of the simulation nuclear probe to be the same code;
s4, the workbench controller reads the matched dial switch I to obtain the communication code N0；
S5, reading by a workbench controller137A Cs exit aperture detector,60The electrical level states of a Co emergent hole detector and a scattering sample detector are detected, and the angle data of the nuclear probe rotating angle sensor are read simultaneously; forming experimental state data by using the obtained states, and transmitting the experimental state data to a wireless communication module I and a wireless communication module II of the analogue nuclear probe; the experimental state data consists of 6 bytes and has a structure of "# + N0+ D0+ D1+ D2+ $", wherein "#" is a data packet header, N0 is a communication coding byte, and the value of the communication coding byte is assigned to N0(ii) a D0 is a radioactive source status byte, and takes values as follows: 0-no radioactive source, 1-137Cs radioactive source, 2-60A Co radioactive source; d1 is a scattering sample state byte, and takes the following values: 0-no scattering sample, 1-scatteringA sample; d2 is scattering angle value byte, the value range is 0-180, "$" is data packet tail;
s6, the analog nuclear probe controller reads the matched dial switch II to obtain the communication code N1；
S7, the simulated nuclear probe controller reads the wireless communication module II to obtain experimental state data, and assigns N0 bytes in the experimental state data to M; for M and N1Making comparison if M = N1Then the value of D0 in the experimental status data is assigned to R, D1 to S, D2 to a; if M is not equal to N1If so, abandoning the experimental state data;
s8, the simulation nuclear probe controller measures the working high voltage through the working high voltage detection circuit to obtain the working high voltage VH(ii) a And according to R, S, A and VHDetermining a distribution characteristic Data source corresponding to the original scattering energy spectrum by Data, and then reading corresponding Data source Data from a Data memory by a simulated nuclear probe controller; the Data of the Data source is selected according to the working high voltage and the scattering angle, so that the Data source responds to the working high voltage and responds to the scattering angle;
s9, simulating a nuclear probe controller to obtain a probability distribution sequence p in DataiBased on the above, the method adopts discrete random number sampling method to obtain coincidence piDistributed random number DXAnd finally, the random number DXA D/A converter for outputting a signal proportional to the random number DXThe rectangular voltage pulse P of (2);
s10, filtering and shaping the rectangular voltage pulse P through a shaping circuit, and outputting a nuclear simulation voltage pulse Q to a multi-channel analyzer; the amplitude value of the simulated nuclear voltage pulse is proportional to the random number DX；
And S11, receiving the simulated nuclear voltage pulse Q by the multichannel analyzer, carrying out pulse amplitude analysis on the simulated nuclear voltage pulse Q to obtain energy spectrum data, transmitting the energy spectrum data to a PC (personal computer), and carrying out energy spectrum display and subsequent energy spectrum data processing by the PC.
2. The compton scattering experimental simulation system of claim 1 wherein the operational high voltage detection circuit comprises an a/D converter connected to the analog nuclear probe controller and a voltage divider circuit connected to the a/D converter.
3. A compton scattering experiment simulation system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the output circuit comprises a D/a converter connected with the analog nuclear probe controller and a shaping circuit connected with the D/a converter, the shaping circuit comprising an in-phase amplifying circuit, a differentiating circuit and a second-order active low-pass filter circuit connected in sequence.
4. The Compton scattering experimental simulation system of claim 3, wherein the in-phase amplification circuit is composed of a resistor R1, a resistor R2, and an operational amplifier U1 with its in-phase input terminal connected to the output of the D/A converter; one end of the resistor R1 is connected with the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U1, and the other end of the resistor R1 is grounded; one end of the resistor R2 is connected with the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U1, and the other end is connected with the output end of the operational amplifier U1.
5. The Compton scattering experimental simulation system of claim 4, wherein the differential circuit is comprised of a capacitor C1 and a resistor R3; one end of the capacitor C1 is connected with the output end of the operational amplifier U1, the other end of the capacitor C1 is connected with the resistor R3, and the other end of the resistor R3 is grounded.
6. The Compton scattering experimental simulation system of claim 5, wherein the second-order active low-pass filter circuit is composed of an operational amplifier U2, a resistor R4, a resistor R5, a capacitor C2, a capacitor C3, a resistor R6 and a resistor R7, one end of the resistor R4 is connected with the capacitor C1, the other end of the resistor R4 is connected with one end of the resistor R5, and the other end of the resistor R5 is connected with a non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U2; one end of the capacitor C2 is connected to the connection point of the resistor R4 and the resistor R5, and the other end is connected with the output end of the operational amplifier U2; one end of the capacitor C3 is connected with the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U2, and the other end of the capacitor C3 is grounded; one end of the resistor R6 is connected with the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U2, and the other end of the resistor R6 is grounded; one end of the resistor R7 is connected with the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U2, and the other end is connected with the output end of the operational amplifier U2.
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